Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual Libraries And Devices

(2. ROM Kernel

eference Manual:

Libraries and Devices

Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

Amiga
ROM Kernel Reference Manual

Libraries and Devices

Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

Amiga Technical Reference Series

A
vv
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Reading, Massachusetts Menlo Park, California Don Mills, Ontario

Wokingham, England Amsterdam Bonn Sydney Singapore
Tokyo Madrid Bogoté Santiago San Juan

Written by Rob Peck

Contributing editors:
Dave Berezowski, Bob Burns, Susan Deyl, Sam Dicker, Andy Finkel, Larry Hildenbrand, Neil
Katin, Dale Luck, and R. J. Mical

Program examples by Rob Peck, Sam Dicker, Tom Pohorsky, Larry Hildenbrand, and Neil Katin

The following people have contributed significantly to the contents of this manual:

Bruce Barrett, Dave Lucas, Jim Mackraz, Bob Pariseau, Tom Pohorsky, Stan Shepard, and
Barry Whitebook

This book is dedicated to all those ‘‘busy guys’? who made Amiga and who are Amiga.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have
been printed in initial caps.

COPYRIGHT © 1986 by Commodore Electronics, Ltd.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Amiga ROM kernel reference manual.

(Amiga technical reference series)

Includes index.

1. Amiga (Computer)—Programming. 2. Read-only
storage. I. Commodore Business Machines. II. Series.
QA76.8.A177A6554 1986 005.4’46 86-10878
ISBN 0-201-11078-4

DEFGHIJ -AL-89876
Fourth Printing, December 1986

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada.

DISCLAIMER

COMMODORE-AMIGA, INC., (“COMMODORE”) MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
WITH RESPECT TO THE PROGRAMS DESCRIBED HEREIN, THEIR QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTA-
BILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THESE PROGRAMS ARE SOLD ‘AS IS.” THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THEIR QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE IS WITH THE BUYER. SHOULD THE PROGRAMS
PROVE DEFECTIVE FOLLOWING PURCHASE, THE BUYER (AND NOT THE CREATOR OF THE PROGRAMS,
COMMODORE, THEIR DISTRIBUTORS OR THEIR RETAILERS) ASSUMES THE ENTIRE COST OF ALL NECES-
SARY DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL COMMODORE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE PROGRAMS EVEN IF IT HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME LAWS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR
LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR LIABILITIES FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY.

Amiga is a trademark of Commodore-Amiga, Inc.

Printed from camera-ready mechanicals supplied by the authors.

PREFACE

System Software Architecture

The Amiga kernel consists of a number of system modules, some of which reside per-
manently in the protected kickstart memory and others that are loaded as needed from
the system disk. Figure P-1 illustrates how the various modules interact with one
another. At the top of the hierarchy are Workbench and the Command Line Interface
(CLI), the user-visible portions of the system. Workbench uses Intuition to produce its
displays and AmigaDOS to interact with the filing system. Intuition, in turn, uses the

input device to retrieve its input and the graphics and layers library routines to produce
its output.

AmigaDOS controls processes and maintains the filing system and is in turn built on

Exec, which manages tasks, task switching, interrupt scheduling, message-passing, I/O,
and many other functions.

At the lowest level of the hierarchy is the Amiga hardware itself. Just above the
hardware are the modules that control the hardware directly. Exec controls the 68000,
scheduling its time among tasks and maintaining its interrupt vectors, among other
things. The trackdisk device is the lowest-level interface to the disk hardware, perform-
ing disk-head movement and raw disk I/O. The keyboard and gameport devices handle
the keyboard and gameport hardware, queuing up input events for the input device to

ili

process. The audio device, serial device, and parallel device handle their respective
hardware. Finally, the routines in the graphics library handle the interface to the graph-
ics hardware.

Programming

The functions of the kernel were designed to be accessed from any language that follows
the Amiga’s standard interface conventions. These conventions define the proper nam-

ing of symbols, the correct usage of processor registers, and the format of public data
structures.

REGISTER CONVENTIONS

All system functions follow a simple set of register conventions. The conventions apply

when any system function is called; programmers are encouraged to use the same con-
ventions in their own code.

The registers DO, D1, AO, and Al are always scratch; they are free to be modified at any
time. A function may use these registers without first saving their previous contents.
The values of all other data and address registers must first be preserved. If any of

these registers are used by a function, their contents must be saved and restored
appropriately.

If assembly code is used, function parameters may be passed in registers. The conven-
tions in the preceding paragraphs apply to this use of registers as well. Parameters
passed in DO, D1, AO, or Al may be destroyed. All other registers must be preserved.

If a function returns a result, it is passed back to the caller in DO. If a function returns

more than one result, the primary result is returned in DO and all other results are
returned by accessing reference parameters.

The A6 register has a special use within the system, and it may not be used as a param-
eter to system functions. It is normally used as a pointer to the base of a function vec-

tor table. All kernel functions are accessed by jumping to an address relative to this
base.

Exec
Tasks, Messages
interrupts, I/O

68000 Processor

AmigaDOS
Processes,
File System

AmigaDOS CLI

Workbench
Icons/Drawers/
Utilities

and Utilities

Intuition
Windows, Menus,
Gadgets, Events

Console
Device

Layers
Library

Input
Device

Keyboard
and
Gameport
Devices

Track—-
Disk
Device

Graphics
Rendering, Text,
Gels

. { Keyboard ' !
oe , and Graphics
i , Mouse '

Audio
Device

Audio

Serial
and

Parallel
Devices

1/O Ports

Amiga Hardware

Figure P-1: Amiga System Software Modules

DATA STRUCTURES

The naming, format, and initial values of public data structures must also be consistent.
The conventions are quite simple and are summarized below.

All non-byte fields must be word-aligned. This may require that certain fields be
padded with an extra byte.

All address pointers should be 32 bits (not 24 bits) in size. The upper byte must
never be used for data.

Fields that are not defined to contain particular initial values must be initialized to
zero. This includes pointer fields.

All reserved fields must be initialized to zero (for future compatibility).

Data structures to be accessed by custom hardware must not be allocated on a pro-
gram stack.

Public data structures (such as a task control structure) must not be allocated on a
program stack.

When data structures are dynamically allocated, conventions 3 and 4 above can be
satisfied by specifying that the structure is to be cleared upon allocation.

OTHER PRACTICES

A few other general programming practices should be noted.

1.

Never use absolute addresses. All hardware registers and special addresses have

symbolic names (see the include files and amiga.l1b).

Because this is a multitasking system, programs must never directly modify the pro-
cessor exception vectors (including traps) or the processor priority level.

Do not assume that programs can access hardware resources directly. Most
hardware is controlled by system software that will not respond well to interference.
Shared hardware requires programs to use the proper sharing protocols.

Do not access shared data structures directly without the proper mutual exclusion.

Remember, it is a multitasking system and other tasks may also be accessing the
same structures.

Vl

5. Most system functions require a particular execution environment. For example,
DOS functions can be executed only from within a process; execution from within a
task is not sufficient. As another example, most kernel functions can be executed
from within tasks, but cannot be executed from within interrupts.

6. The system does not monitor the size of a program stack. Take care that your pro-
grams do not cause it to overflow.

7. Tasks always execute in the 68000 processor user mode. Supervisor mode is reserved
for interrupts, traps, and task dispatching. Take extreme care if your code executes
in supervisor mode. Exceptions while in supervisor mode are deadly.

8. Do not disable interrupts or multitasking for long periods of time.

9. Assembly code functions that return a result do not necessarily affect the processor
condition codes. By convention, the caller must test the returned value before act-
ing on a condition code. This is usually done with a TST or MOVE instruction.
Do not trust the condition codes returned by system functions.

68010 AND 68020 COMPATIBILITY

If you wish your code to be upwardly compatible with the 68010/68020 processors, you
must avoid certain instructions and you must not make assumptions about the format of
the supervisor stack frame. In particular, the MOVE SR,<ea> instruction is a
privileged instruction on the 68010 and 68020. If you want your code to work correctly
on all 680x0 processors, you should use the GetCC() function instead (see the Exec
library function descriptions in the ‘Library Summaries’’ appendix of this book.

Contents of This Manual

This manual describes the graphics support routines (including text and animation), the
I/O devices, the Workbench (an environment for running programs), and the floating
point mathematics library. For information about the multitasking executive, see Amiga

ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec.

The discussion of the data structures and routines in this manual is reinforced through
numerous C-language examples. The examples are kept as simple as possible. Whenever

possible, each example demonstrates a single function. Where appropriate, there are
complete sample programs.

Vll

Boldface type is used for the names of functions, data structures, macros, and variables.
System header files and other system file names are shown in italics.

For more information about system software, see Amiga Intuition Reference Manual,
AmigaDOS User’s Manual, AmigaDOS Developer’s Manual, and AmigaDOS Technical
Reference Manual.

Vill

Contents

PART I

Chapter 1 Graphics Primitives
Introduction

CORP eee meee ERE OHHH REA HERR HHH OTE HEED HHH EE ED E BEER HHO HERE EHH HEHE HB EEORE EHO HE OH BORO DEKH
COOH O STS HHH HH HERA HSEH OHH SETHE SEER ETE E REECE HOHE HEED EEEEHEOH ORE EES EOE OTE SEE SEER EH EEEEH EET ERE HEHHE DOSER EEEOE OHH EE OH EEE EOE

POP e meee e renee eed eetrtevenHesede nase EHH EEE EEEOEH OHHH SE EOEM ABE OH ROECH A EEE EH OEHE

INTRODUCTION TO RASTER: DISPLAYS wiicinccccsiteictvisciadinebiasations,
INTERLACED AND NON-INTERLACED MODES uu. cece
HIGH- AND LOW-RESOLUTION MODES
FEOTRIVITING A INS LIVIA pias Stvricarecseycaws tans ruceeras ane asl oa Gnade tnkoe
ROLE OF THE COPPER (COPROCESSOR)
Display Routines and Structures oicicicccccccscsccsssssessesssssssssessssssessesssesssseesees
LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF VIEWPORTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF A VIEWPORT
VIEWPORT SIZE SPECIFICATIONS
VIEWPORT COLOR SELECTION
VIEWPORT DISPLAY MEMORY
FORMING: A: BASIC: DISPLAY. sicstccssivzdicttessccusdive escpucnetetsecewionkn vee acute:
LOADING AND DISPLAYING THE VIEW
GRAPHICS EXAMPLE PROGRAM
PRN OG! CO CS a tact ttc sical la caceamotcaaethtvaseas thes dod toa daa cen tmccteealtvenaiten
CREATING A DUAL-PLAYFIELD DISPLAY oo. ceeneeee
CREATING A DOUBLE-BUFFERED DISPLAY ou. ceteceeeeeee
HOLD-AND-MODIFY MODE
MET AW TIN Te OU GIN CS setae cogusied ashe vache tantl reeasecelbecced sola esh oes deemseaensitunnagueddaektaed teautan
INITIALIZING A BITMAP STRUCTURE 0. cceceeteeseeseteeeeeneeee
INITIALIZING A RASTPORT STRUCTURE oc ccneceeteeeenes
USING THE GRAPHICS DRAWING ROUTINES o.oo
NTSC OC eS is tascoctecoaecacetirtaen ttt tdec tia dates anton siete Gg RG easel ane ane
PAY ANCE. Gar ap Ni CS EX aT PVCS: x sgsccstsect desk nits asran uibontior elie indcenaaleoigs
DUAL=PLAY FIL DS XA MP IEG: sivesseeessscisadentesates estes ldo cidiswesslatnaunentnmeiiuletazaiieus:
HOLD-AND-MODIFY MODE EXAMPLE uu... ccccccsesecseesensesecseneceeenenes

COO RHR O HHS HOHE HAE HEHEHE ESOS H OHHH HOE E HEHEHE SE EHH EHEEEEOH HOSE EE REOHESH HER SERRE REED

COMA UCT 2 Ay CUS aes siti cicaetcn ed satecteadien ote ecaleeat cbc eas aerated ie ata
PROC GIO aps cascrscct esoteric oeiacteint a iestte ae bess teal mooie caseaeae na ene ete nee
DEIN ITETO NiO AN ici ctesvclscnsiad isin enthnanniieds ete tcieea eosin tenea eevee canes

TYPES OF LAYERS SUPPOR UPRD: acnaacaceuwinnatciinaintemeeacee

ayers: Lira Rh OUTINGS: ae tas. cacectanas thant nce nai ee
INITIALIZING AND DEALLOCATING LAYERS oot eens

TIN FEE DASIS © PER AL TO INI ici dacin creases iat wasy-osy edo tdacctsisecaun ia auncdatiils ae oene cae anaes
CREATING AND DELETING LAYERS oo. cccccceteceecteeeeeeneceeeeeeseatees

ODD oow wo bd

INTO FING AY TERS aie cceatetecece ene tall gh a cede mleee neu a lalla are cece 82

BE eI Ye Dc cect cette cee tes ae aiececa tte tc anaest are ante eect ek ne aa athe 82
COETAIN GING AS V TEDW OUIN Docs ach a iccnese ts dishing olen Mabe ee eae 83
PSO ELINA GR Seana ss ccdictepitsetacesee eaten aren eed ate een iene eee 83
DETERMINING DA YER: POSITION cicvticadciticnstnieiiieierttincweachen 83
SUB-LAYER RECTANGLE OPERATIONS wun cccccsecscnsceetseseceseeees 84
TG Dp A VO SoINASUE OP asi.cescttssincchcth snes sicesesine’ ooulearteslons wines eleseasacoadestetasstssestnin cscs 84
SINMP ETE REE Ror A VIG cone cieees actinic actin dearer Meaeaied 895
SIVIARCE REEF RG SrA eR xpicheh eect edacisnitiatel eat acta alent eceahentes 86
SUPERB LIVIA TA ve oes seca ee 86
BAC IDI O Pe LF a pets teacetrezesda castes nba ne ncsa tates i nasactactncanptenauatarane ea tasereds 86
sing tine Way ers Library cass enalgindiebasaeiannnancacatetRintieae 87
OPENING. THE GAY ERO LIBRARY = suxscestecs late asta deiiatledte ea ated scieee 87
OPENING THE GRAPHICS LIBRARY csscccsitiscstvecicentanted piegirnvennctntntetondeere 87
CREATING A VIEWING WORKSPACE. oocccccccccccsscsceseseceeserseeeessseees 88
COTTE AE ING Td Es Pa VER Opn cantar ca htva tycunvnt acl Qeeaa aatantousantineandeana ties tank 88
GETTING THE POINTERS TO THE RASTPORTS uo 89
USING PHE RAS TPORTS- FOR: DISPLAY. s.ccccerininderaieiawe ak 89

DS eS NIN I goss ached saresizeatotivesimenvesiadeuemescte weak itestad erameavauencees namo seysers 89
CNT ROC OATS 1a 1S Gc ccastiiaies, chic Gelsesenstetustdehcntyt ets taedosattaeabesatsateaeasah dpceenaaleel i Scoad 94
DONT GS ecco Sas cheese tones dle ace eels Sears u aster taeeesatioser easvucgsee anit 94
TCP ATIRIING SL ELE DI AINAIGIS: gcscciticecnsncuasiassa tet tossuade vee ted satiadseeaeytiurastnavomets 94
PROM VOM oretctatae Beal antens cate stenaie a th Stang eae a aia cana ae ed 95
CREATING AND DELETING REGIONS occ ceeeneceeeee 95
CHANGING AUCREGION siossiscaincsndietdaniasiciadonidbdunte ateaaeoanninnsiee 96

CI TEAI TING AR GION ais sesutsteissiteazsetenotacguanseneaciet Garnet sect aeeuaiaeisiehtanwmnenduen annie: 96

WS ING IRE GIOING.:. avctescieptec oh aatecsacererencete Misuse tia acetwinterie ears tained eae 96
SAMPLE APPLICATION FOR REGIONS uo. eccccccecescsesenereeneteees 98
CHADCER 3S: AMMA COM sicpseeredcwictetiastiiitaasdadieeeununeeab sili ethene 103
IAG Tel CG MA saat a eects ects tecch nage eect eer 103
PREPARING TO USE GRAPHICS ANIMATION oon 104
AO) Fe AINA LO IN’ 3 :cesctichianet heat ni odes Gackt doug untnati an een eeacuaneneaccalan 104
TEE Ga EGNGS OY ek PO IVE ieachossadinn dn teva ayiatinasvncs saan osssuanttchaies cootessaea uc taantsieacmiaushden 106
Using Simple (Hardware) Sprites 0... cccccsssssssssssssssseessssceessssssssunsessessenn 110
CONTROCLING SPRITE DMA. 3 ceienatcticvichindiasg. aainiinaeinenamaainds 110
ACCESSING A HARDWARE SPRITE o.oo cc csesecssesesscnesseereeseees 111
CHANGING THE APPEARANCE OF A SIMPLE SPRITE ......0 112
MOVING A: SIMPLE SPIRE cuscunaisnnrcnanmanwanaigdeaenmeunGatndencnetanee 113
RELINOUISEING ASIMPLE, SIPIGUED: wssusnceuc tain diateananteln cao Aicalsanaives 120
NOUS Ve recat ate soc trea ct et enaa Mots ti datetcd oo neete Aca tek mana a inestaaieia 120
SPECIFYING THE SIZE OF A: VSPRITE sccsisccssiicsisisccdisiescntesadwnrececnauta 121
SPECIFYING THE COLORS OF A VSPRITE ues eceeseecenees 121
SPECIFYING THE SHAPE OF A VSPRITE oo cscceeeeecceeneees t22
SEECIE YING VePREDE POSETIOIN crcuercesetone sys cctcgils dorountuiceieesacaseiae 124

UWS TINGE VS De roo NGS. agit tice Saests cesta os crtasscaeeett bivexen edad seeeow annus anand decent eae 124
PDD INGA Ve EUG ei tn excaiu as heart da enna tema ctnan Cade aia ao rouse eaaaes ncomeemeee 125

i ee ee oe Cy
eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee ee ee ee ey
Ce Oy

eee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eee ey

VSPRITE ADVANCED TOPICS
She oles staat ance el 2 ae ka ec tte tesa tierra
LINKING A BOB TO A VSPRITE STRUCTURE
SPECIFYING THE SIZE OF A BOB

ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ey

Demme rear rercccercccreresereneersarecenecese
COC a emer ares enrar anaes a enn ee reese sree eeeeeseesee ees eEereaeEeeesserer
POO o meee meade eee nner sear reese erase eeeseersresreeentsesereees
PCC e em ee ear een anes noes terre errt essere esa nereesereesreeeeasetes
Cem meme r reser eo eecsantoeessaeesesneesnneetoes
POPC m ere m rhea OH OH ere HEH HEEL EHH DEH EHEC O HERERO HHO RHEO CEH HH OEE H ECE EO HEE OHH E ROE EE ED ERO OE EEO EEO HHH Oe ee OEE
eee eee eee ee ee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee ee eee ee ee
PPO O rm Ode em eH ede ee Hee em HE Heat EH OHH SED EEH EEE OH EE EEE HOE DEERE EEE HED EOE EOE HEHEHE HED E DEDEDE OHO EHO DED
PCCM em mere ee De DH rea RHETT OHH E AHO EH ERE EOE OTHE DEH O LESH HEE SHOR SHEET OHHH EOE EES OE ER EHER ES EO HEHEHE HOSED OE
COMO eee mmo ere een neues HOT DH EERO H HOHE EEE DERE DED EOE HSE HEED OECD HHO EEH DEH ED DOT EEED ETOH O EHH OED OOH EEO EHH DOD
Cem mm memo ene er ener ease ese De eesHe ee seer eese reseneses
POPC rome meme eee Head H EOE OHHH EHS HEH ERE O REED SEDO HERE EES REDE H SEER EHS E HEE EOH ESSER HOEH HEHE EHD HEE OD
COOP ORO oem meee mR OEE HEHE EEE HE CHE OTE ERES HEHE HOT EOO ETH EHEE DERE HOS MESES OEEH EE EEET ETOH EDD OEE HEED OLE EEHOEE
POO m eH MeO e HEH Hoa H EEO OHA O EH HOT OH EEO SEHR EEO EHD EEE OH EHO E HETERO EOEEH EE EH ODE DESDE OE TOO REEDED

BOB ADDY AINGE DO} EOP] CS y isosiieicis a sete attcas inci ennestndesdasghanatteneettenaeenderss
Topics Common to Both VSprites and Bobs

DETECTING GEE: COLLISIONS sic civcsiscsiitorsssccnbesie ed eas iaataeiitvai diesen oeuvres

BOB/VSPRITE COLLISION BOUNDARIES WITHIN A

Re ies cece tea iataa ates aus xa scat hin eersaatan eae oaewe emcee ore neeu aeaae

ADDING NEW FEATURES TO BOB/VSPRITE DATA

STRUCTURES

POMS ee Hee ee HR Oe OH HEHEHE HEH HEE REM ETOH ORE EERO OS

COR e eM aes e eee H tA OHH HHH HHH EERE HEEEH OHO OEE OHHH THEE HEHEHE ESOS EHES EEE HEEEHHOHEETEH HHH HT EREH HOHE HD EH CEB EEE HEE EEE
Ce Oo

KEEPING TRACK OF GRAPHIC OBJECTS
CLASSES OF ANIMATION OBJECTS csi trie entdahieaneiin
POSITIONS OF ANIMATION OBJECTS
SPN TA Te ) IN EVe Ee Teg Geet tata Sancta een ita ac ea cin ea ica eal eee ornate cesta
INITIALIZING THE ANIMATION SYSTEM uo. ceeeeseteeeteteseeeeeee
SPECIFYING THE ANIMATION OBJECTS ooo cccececeteteeeceteeteeeenees
SPECIFYING ANIMATION COMPONENTS. ooo ccccccecceeceteteeeeeeneeeees
DRAWING: PRECEDENCE siacosdancoiwugie headin aivlahiniaet Mises:
AUNINTA TION SE OU ENGIN Grea seciracstucessteseiststaworceiaiuadndienstsy Gay iantea anes
SPECIFYING TIME FOR BACH IMAGE. ou. cccccscscsensseeteneeeeeeseeeeeenees
YOUR OWN ANIMATION ROUTINE CALLS 0. eect eens
MOVING? THE OBJEC 15: cisienginamantiniekinat cna eaten
Comp léte Exam ple Progra. cnaiantanericsnomndimdene enemas

COWS kiss ro eae asa aS sheet taste hte ches acted din eee tenes: 191

AINE ROCNTC IO teins Schr deaye tecieies areata ty ccatel eaten ractoncn eA cetiensih nena nae aa 191
Printing [ext mtoa, Drawiit Area: sccscncusics cadena 192
RO) Tse) IN: esses aga i ese ea ee ees sate Reales eu se eae eae 192
PEAS SINE OT Res I aa cscs cheacs aeanaeeanset eteacals ticutiy teins ibace cia tad ah cck 193
ZTE OE UB ON hoa ctenceee paced asasies sarasota aa aos anata oe Seasons usw ea eitaeitees 194
PRIN ING alt cozisiiactces ciate ieee niasasstuue seve saree toecnean be sbeanisnodsuaanevna anaes 194
SAMPLE OP RING ROUTINE vcctcc cose snsenneiiresnndessitaeciepatan gear seranennesenade tease: 194
SCLCCU ie Tie FOI cso eesti elect cteetererte dn heer teeroeetiaert aalenieeeiaectistotaed Gi 195
Selecting tie: ext. COD i rccistcactnsucthcieniesaien eaeeneneeanine 197
Selecting a Drawing Mode onicccccccsssssscsssssssesssseessseessssesssseessseessseessesssessssees 197
Effects of Specifying Font Style ois cccssecsssessseesssesssesstessessessntesaee 199
Adding a New Font to the System onic iccecsssssessssessessesscesessesseeen 200
Sy 1S ON satecct toes carnieecosccsit yen chastew an eadteciaate nah bation eee hee ae 200
Finding Out Which Fonts Are Available wicicciccccsccssesssessseessesseesees 201
Contents of a Font Directory occ cccccccsssesssseescesssesssesssecssessssssesssessnessssseeeaee 201
MP MSN Oy she ns a tears ee epee en Cate et ae aye Seine tag eae eee 202
DD PV eek Ge otacecce siete a caaiets acer gaiA natasha een eata tec aie lie nce ue ame: 203
MM ee NO anaes Sch ch chalet ata atest nace ecy Gut ena ates 203
FOUN Te TSG socesacs Sete tteahctvaieee tegaeaeiaislen ois sisauaseecuane Paattu aaah eave aoe 203
BN rea tg aeacsl yas ssa arsenal vag ar sce cena etna eset era tag sts it) 203
BON PSPRE BBR ENC Se oxcbieteecel tt ease nc iad vena inataun eurudanieaeee 204
IN NVI cade uiess ect tccandiatedieitcicidicasesncttate seals otcacrt, Gite tas tietabcende eet meumeautotanaats 204
POINT AC CSS OS seansczncryasa bts apse cece attics eral cele at ats eage tna ocetateaes 205
CHARACTERS REPRESENTED BY THIS FONT oe 205
iy COVA AG TGR DATA, sone tetcaisineeotdec aha aaa tater emt 206
ACOMPLE TE: SANE bie HON: a iccudsatioridae hone tcensaceutinaeniadotasnanmaletine: 207
SUTIN ee OUI cca ect acecie aware ectasesh glee enon ste oad nett esheets etal 211
PART II

Chapter: 5. Audio: DeViCO scscisdasinsta ert olm hie nnetaddantadiownamnwie 221
AA TNE gO Uhre ga Batre te tebe cal ia coetesue teat arnes etiae hae chen atadea: 221
MOY EUR A 0s tects cece erence earaeea cnc aces tne catsce ene tececi aces eis tea eas ae 223
Audio Functions and Commands ooececcccccccccsssssesssesssecssessseesssessssesseessessesessees 224
PATIO) AS PND VO Ei svcees ce state eaa eave he aud seemed he a 224
SCOPE-Ol CO NMINEAINDS cause ener ai a cseuntevdvieiantliathae name biardatanidaneaotunen 224
ALLOCATION AND ARBITRATION oo cccssssssseessesssssseneenssneensees 225
PERFORMING AUDIO COMMANDS once cecscteescsetsesesseeeeserasesesens 226
COINTINT IND: TN? Sc veistineccniiciein dadasrecadasike Mla sinctsbeestnue Maerielattlalitabiavtadusts toe edauank 226
IE ON OT) INS sessanutataseesde nese ncbinaieasta tiie edad aban tetoautanaid aeatelontenaecinelectet’ wot
ALLOCATION /ARBITRATION COMMANDS ..0.occcceeeetesessteseesnesteneenten 228
HARDWARE CONTROL COMMANDS oo ccccccececsscecsteecscseensesesens 232
seat ple FP POOL ALIS cat asteeehces eases estas ch att tase tort aeerernataadien imate 235
S PERIO SOUND TEA AIVER TG ES iecesieita ad tdeatedetateidat sbade th Qos eS avec lsejstelawcesiwalvovatebudeht 239
DOUBLE-BUFFERED SOUND SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE oe. 240

Chapter 6 Dimer D6viCe secsitiesess cnet cn pe iets etre cud rieeunieae neat act, 247

TTA OCT CG OM asics te Neotel it essence nee apie ais Se dromatet G Reaawteieeetne meet: 247
OW MGV ICO MIDIS? zsccrasctenttotn acini tecspteastteee lo antacid aleidnonmetemietlanei erased 248
Specifying the Time Request oocccccccccccccscsssssssecssescssesssesssesssecsssevesseesssessseesses 248
DCT ae OT ID CVA COS strsess tices nats. shve tunis Raeasanaqesieailsventbeetaslakidacueasenceadt 249
AGING A, Titi 6G UGS Ur ssecrnedcsscnlsaceessinissadesscoesattacesdoneda Steet teinind nad dassshes esldictesteheldeed 250
NOSIS Bi TINS Ie ested ssn cette ace dnc Da deaa Suse ehd ade sedbesbnek celal 250
Additional Timer Functions and Command ooneccccccsssssecneesssseeen 251
IN eee tectrshe it cea te hee stants eA ed new ames ioe rasan meee 291
USING THE TIME ARITHMETIC ROUTINES ooo cree 293
WHC US 1 IV A MDGS © esis dora oto Secrest esnscnea cl do chunsetedped tt gtaiiacdedeaceedets 294
Sample Timer Program wicccccccccccsssssssssssssssssssessssesssvessvessesssssssuessusessesssuvessnesseesnvensn 254
Chapter? “rack isk. Dev Ce. siscco cscs icrcecartatodudatadel tiactinaennanaienuences 261
IAN TL ses cect aotearoa tees occas iain ee eee 261
TIS Ari ay FOP Oy 1S) issn isMeiu ste. cis oicteatecl tetas atenecteadteatee Mae tienes neice 262
Traekdisk Driver COM Ma nS: tess scsssceasavcstsesieSaccssseinlotintssocadltoas anid devacloorseselgeets 263
Create aii $O: ROqUe st. et wie cctoirsicetacuentelnteneauterna denned ueneis 264
OPENING <8 PACICCIS IC WCW CC iosect tere crnticatesccnciessnirentnanatlastahameacte 266
Sending a Command to the Device wiciceccscssesssssessesssessessseseesrssseen 267
Lermimnating Access to the Device ncn ee 267
Device-specific Command oiiciceccscscsssssssesssessssessssssesssecssesssecssecsssessveesseesnesseessees 267
BID READ AND CMD READ: scteniedet danuiattinteeet edt ccnwaketnlteas 267
BED. WRITE-AND OMDWREVES saiiniancicetiijvcasdcatuomedinsnsdtieciwacunieteacied 268
ED: UPDATE.AND- CMDIUPDATE). sasinimieginaotaantaniatenienasnane: 268
BETD2eCLEAR AND CMD CLEAR tseidveiisonvosencitisce ssbseadinebsilaceieiscnisteheavwes 268

PL DNMOWT OR AND TDeIMO ORR. tcseineettstacncsnctmeaapiletaccasthatstesv atte dba axconist 268
DM OURINIA DE usrecescs2biscatse cx loaes aaussteeostesilshatata deb aks deuiaasestnaued oat eae ak 269
Es FEIN). NTs ascan Leesburg esata isa ea owes dues net eset Sunba sancaseatyntahandeenneeasinste 269
DUAL US COM Na CS) tagcat acne ete hentai nen tin tebe tesct terwa etiaralaliaeac ate: 269
ds CN GIN JIN care tcl testa aal alse cones thal eitot ae detrga aig scasauaaate Sak oesaa decaaeoeas 269
DDS EUAN GS A iach ciate antslaast ee serxasig sated alana snettomnutyaesceusttetens eects 270
EDP RO Pe OS iets leet testcase teaser a cau thsdand hl andetee Neste putea oaks eth testaat 270
Commands for Diagnostics and Repair w.cccccccccccccscssssesseesseessteeseesseeseesnee 270
AD TENG GUS 1G SLE VOTE OVS sas cach src cee bcd le eS ere Bulag aed naa dae enka aces 270
TUCO 1S yet ies cts tects sche cc eres bined ces Narslae aletatat 271
Chapters: ‘Console. Device sissies ee ce eens 275
DAOC YOM oar to ersaasciscitasrathtn me aeaeeescs picasa toeatixe Teac tte tio eae eee 275
VS UO MD: she UPC U ONS scot aleas acacia eas nea aac eta acerca cium ante 276
TOS Octet tensa iets acta ge eran ae nedente eaten eae ae 276
GENERAL-CONSOLE SCREBN‘OUTPUY .tccucaciieaianccehiaeriien 276
CONSOLEINEY BOARD INPUT sicuntensaniamnacesouinouioneeesdvurand ys ea pat
Crea vine ein) OR CG eS wuise tines ty dine ena aa lee ene 277

Opening A COnsOle DOV i CC. sities nctusecteateeddinsirnreetianah ty ted tnes canceled naaees 278
SENDING A CHARACTER STREAM TO THE CONSOLE
DV a rcaallvg ir atctscesehceasoea bes tese twcaadectacen avis ves og atbeatlenenmeaciteantecotestuneenaeeea ee ticendaas dostnbeonas 279

Control Sequences for Screen Output oo.cccccccccccssesssescsstesssessseesssessneese 281
READING. FROM "THE CONSOLE ® seccccscenddsoitestsietacesitesisnsteveavtateessnevesetiebiocvesieens 286
INFORMATION ABOUT THE READ-STREAM occ cee 287
CURSOR. POSILTIONAIRE POR I ttsctuscecs ta ceesairnbau. cescssiedsearatdctenatiioiat: 288
WINDOW BOUNDS. REPORT inccccoevsuissccaiteaniebveacun cvetitinisia.ccstdatsconneliieaedeasts 289
CT ING ANY. INO OTN Ti sisaclte ss isers asst has deaardieeeeeaaacal pes hemnsanvecteet: 289

Complex Input Event Reports occiccssccessscsssessssssssesstssssssnesnsssveeseaesven 290

POV Te) NN ncaa a ea teat ted eee ns ih trent colt cee creme tn nih thn a Phat 297
ABO TO UATE Rie ercacaduat sieves cn teseat starsat Caan eaten ce vanabadacateeted astevietatelahi aes aantanesys 301
IY EP TAB CEN RIBS: cictcicae ieee eee ia netae te 302
DN ree Aa Nee see ects eotati see Artec rca teresiecens cen lend neerpetanudaake 303
CAPSABLE: BIT GEA BB cere tts. crue bit anasto denen ceiver Bel hates. 304
REPEATABEE: BIE TV AIBIGEy sso ccicecsachewicscatterncetececeaacan aaa aetrarioecunseeins: 305
DE AWE TOW TRY MAR soiccdteeseer acteurs lssdiel ein tcieiast epdneilate neil aomeen! 305
DEP AW Ts 2 IGT Vr NOAA cede sscias erate atte cres Seatitet dies co Manat Maser enetns Ganesha 306

Closing a WOnsole: Device 1.65 heiindncavedachalseccmaiasuinonmeseinass 307

TEC Oe ihe hOE O NN eat isatsen ets aren renest oeereseaipseetniae ener tape nate ean nas enaes 308

Chapter 9 ‘Input Dev 16 @ iceisicsicsietenndeseslinvianaiartcauinnatderreagiinladieds dotndnadees 321

Tntroductlon cieccceccccccccscsssesssesssessssecssssssuecssvesssessssesssssecssseesesessuesssvessssessessaseesseesssssnesnecssees 322

Input Device Commands ooicccccccccccsssssssssssssssssssscsssssssssessessssssessssssssvessesstssesnesees 322
IND_ADDHANDLER COMMAND oii ccccccsescsscssssereesecsetesssssssseeeneess 324
IND UREMHANDLER-GOMMAND s2ccni iste ie Sl desis 326
IND-WRITEEVENT ‘COMMAND ssesccussssastssscesssttiancarsyernteaiseisi ovate haalbeassnaipecetliceas 326
IND SET THR ES COMMAND: comciamitecim inn setacdiimamins inert 327
ENDO SE LP ERIOD CO NINA IND. siiseent nattun brats rclrasliiot en oitertebeedlovelnanshamabanteieities 327

INpuUl DEVICe BNC INGUITION: Aiinteie seit tailed anduatiecdbaee 327

TLC PROGID ssn crinsSesetatrcnnetyiaeonnilase eset die ne hte Scie auteleniteasup tend eaeanceuaetaeecadeesdict 328

Chapter 10 Keyboard Device winiiiicicccccccccicsecsssesssessssssessssessessssessessessessesiessssesseeesseesens 337

Ti CW UNO Iie i fattest acsecdtantte descent rats esta crete cecentene a tetae A ease are cee cs hatha Tease 337

Keyboard Device Commands oiiiccicccccccssssesssessessessssssssssesssessnesstesnesseestesseen 338
ISSDCADDRESE THA NDIGIIG icceasctuaecav disor sa esl tain ictcehass tec beeseatoonleacaaes 339
13 D_IREIMIRESE TELAN DIL EER as iscssstesbecsnieiiethosvissescaieliaacstdncdtdtestivacsbitltanelunlyyadoaiese 340
KBD ESE: LEANDER RDO NE? iicdsacrnsitiaisntieephcidhenaaudimanelvnaleteberusauisnanoen 340
IBD ADIN VAST RUN, Gest tocths dea ttatecd lad poste costa tel acta deaeters anche eee headin; 340
NSE IDe TAN LOIN TE boca test tesa eect sdia a tec ean cd tous cts a Rade Dish ta ns ec deserta Sa eeshoate seats 341
Example Keyboard Read-event Program o.cccccccsesstesssessesseeseeereen 342

X1V

Chapter 11 Gameport Device oiiiiciiciccccsccsessesseecesecstssressesssstesecsuesucssessessceeeeen 345

IPIY GOL OMA ae pressptsne anderen ie seora feet ete at cede ee adeno al alanine etatatoe 345
Gameport Device Commands oocicecceccccscsssssssscessseecsssesssssessssucssssssssssesssseesssecee 346
1D er My ee ete eke sree at tages tece copie Se tee ac deice hana oaatsaatenuateentelie 346
CGP CE CE Ey steep Brean scsacga ata tees vin cede wn teen edema lccdedme tek aad 347

CG BR siacatcg as caches heal aa encarta Mera eseet haat escalate aeeatice sana omnes 348
PAST OT VOT IN Sires cli cur cas cren arate cassettes sh deta eeet ge daauateccanadeacanaaisieice 349
IMI OWS TE TO GRAVE oles ct ciad ies feck Suh tessa es Ati alee adit aah te ih os at eet crea alg Looe 349
OS CTR TRO GRAM iri ce sh cots ecare ac esd atte cabs syst eaiti sated edposan ane 3900
Chapter 12 Narrator Device 000.00... ind heriaetindat detente 361
DAY COC UO eisai tat aati eh tahe eet eteea tae ota atne Ota ee tnca heen tattoo unas 362
ies Ppanisl ator i Orary vcccnciccceits acces erat aecieieetetacelvorner ie omeeeamsrectateesta: 362
USING THE TRANSLATE FUNCTION oo cscssccerstesecssceenees 362
ADDITIONAL NOTES ABOUT TRANSLATE wo cecscesescreeneees 363
TG INGER AGO CV CO stent harsh pde cosa oegadesacaeoentiest pico hues tnaetucenateasel 363
OPENING THE NARRATOR DEVICE ooo cccccsccsesscessectscsesseseees 363
CONTENTS OF THE WRITE REQUEST BLOCK wu 364
CONTENTS OF THE READ REQUEST won eccsceecsessecsescseesteeaeees 365
SYNCHRONIZING NARRATOR READS wees ceeescscsetetsaseeesees 366
PERFORMING A WRITE AND A READ Loe cctiot Ra lie 366
FU ee OY UN at asia at nce tae adbeast Mraetatiate aunts cae 367
How to Write Phonetically for Narrator voici ccccsscsesesssesessessessesnes 372
PHONE PIC SPICE IIN Gsctcecte es aes, este chicn ican Ss lace te aeecigueee tee aumetnaeeeats 3/73
CHOOSING “TEER UGE VO WEG: ssccuctiascetasescctsupusedacssinspeteanscsouesentaasiow cease tneleandes 3/73
CHOOSING THE RIGHT CONSONANT uous cecsscsceesscsseaeseeey 374
CONTRACTIONS AND SPECIAL SYMBOLS uous sree 374

S PRESS: AND INTONATION © sscczccscitasscesi scion taveas ies dtssesactceint dase velesdeiwoeteotcadsuads 379
HOW AND WHERE TO PUT THE STRESS MARKS ou 379
WHA Ts TRESS: VALUE, DO: USE sescsydeccttwadiesioztiessssteevaig etna talent 376
WING TWO IN etiteccesccaccines dates tan gcse adaduis anianindiaaontataneertanats ceeunav a ameaipamens odd
PUNE SE OR ONN AT BLG IGT BUG Y ccascciiseccsnttonieisdundisdahcatensttetatieveltaicesee eatin 378
EXAMPLE OF ENGLISH AND PHONETIC TEXTS |. 378
CONCLUDING: REMAIRRISS eit ees ai ae, cen la neal 379
ahve: More: Teehnical Explanation asstinuiictstiierendiseratenananianiex 379
MAID LCS OL te OMOMNCS 2 iis Serato ete cat ented eaten tease eter ae es 380
Chaplet 1s: Seria Dev ice iiincicid cen ed eae ea aes 383
TAT AGO cesses ceesce the vaca becca ns caked ceca ete msde usd ies 383
COMING Wine: Ot all 1D CV CC ig cssste tes tains eerasteeiieepa ie estate dat tinted yceattanaes 384
Reading from the Serial Device ooiiiiceccccssssssssssecssseesssessseecsseessseessseeseeeeennen 385
FIRST ALTERNATIVE MODE FOR READING. once ceeneees 386
SECOND ALTERNATIVE MODE FOR READING .. eee 387
TERMINATION OF TEE READ siccincvanatiokanc ocd die masnue 388
Witin® (Ot ne Serial DOV i166 ecactirctann tnd deinienageiiwans dance teh 388

XV

Setting Serial Parameters ou. cccccsccsscsesssscssesssscsseessssessvssstesstsssssseessntssseassesees 390

TP i Gs acts thetic tassee itt dr et a isnt Sedat esinhacn es creed A ecard hitaket 391
De EIN Ge TTT PAT AN, RS acs sess asta seg cca Sed sateen em een aie 393
EPrONS. TOMY GING Cr ai TCV Ce: yz tis cis cacti teks terials Serine eet ita late aaa 393
COSTING (IV SEV DC V1 CC aces secess tia ciciees estes, ota bess voenndasitpdeaetionelpaateeenbastie atecdedioe 394
PE eens tr Ne seca cl eas pena ee eget aati 395
Chapter:14- Parallel Device. isc te ac 401
VAC TOC CUO ID esc css pacts saensanaietamessoredisaseaciorceel ais mane emsuemneeevmnnsetoneen: 401
Opening the Parallel Device oociccccsssesssseessssssseesssesseessseesssesseessseessessncen 402
Reading trom, the Parailel. Device wicasincnaiicidustainnteidatieeciats 403
ALTERNATIVE MODE FOR READING oes eeeeesesees 404
TERMINA TION-OF THE: READ iciedicxisscicocivnssescancdsncpteasaapssorateeasiese ve peas 405
Writing to the Parallel Device ooo cccccccscsseessessssecsssessssecssvecssessssecseessnessen 405
Petuing- arallel Paramevers .4..cananeid ul iGonucumasnnaneannis 406
PN TEs TGS re sodesrcce ts wre iste Bence sgt hee ns each eee eigen OG cota ate neta 406

Si UING EEE AAMT PRS sate cerca aacalianeomiotyaaeeia awn e eae as 407
Errors: trom tie Parallel) Device scinicauen ais cesisndatiieieend aasanksweteeks 407
Closing the Parallel Device oii ccecsssssessssessessssesssesssesssesssessseesssesssessesen 408
PCA TIC PPO CP AINA sie. toscana ec eanclaecieietedalneenes ends Reunlan dim usta 409
Chapter tbo: Prin (er Dey 1 Ce cette des hacer Pate ee ad agement 413
PNG WVU UN hss ett aha taconite ena a deans ea aaa ged ete 413
PRT:—THE AMIGADOS PRINTER DEVICE 00... cece seeesees 414
SER:—THE AMIGADOS SERIAL DEVICE ounce cccceesesseeeeeseeseneees 414
PAR:—THE AMIGADOS PARALLEL DEVICE oo... ceeceeeee 414
IS PENSE DS VC Bic sticstet cise cticventeptaneercdnnsanoa entire mist sliei weeanne hae: 4195

FP CCP DOV CS OGG, iacsstuinrtaned stecctderaeiesspund disubil erdnctvoosensaieish Mabsibuopeiiet beet Aeaeast its 415
Opening the AmigaDOS Printer Device wooiciccccsecssecsseesseesseesseeseeeeee 415
Data Structures Used During Printer [/O oe ssssssssssssssscesceessssssee 416
Creating an l/-O Request: sacar cisn canna sa nada 417
Opening @ Printer Device wiccccccsccssssssescsssssssssesseessesssssesssessssssssssssessesssesessesen 418
WIEN COeG NG PIN UCT trustees ridacialataherintaeiat blimey latent: 418
PRIN TER COMMAND: DEF INT TIONS csescesesscadecentiacsscssieusniateunsionsierniesdecvioins 419
Transmitting a Command to the Printer Device won 429
Dumping a RastPort to the Printer oo cccsccssessesssessessiesteeseseesen 423
ADDITIONAL NOTES ABOUT GRAPHICS DUMPS uu... 497

CPE AGS le COP TV CP cstiarecet cipartasnntaectncnetaessuettnd signee eeamidetaceesins 428
NS CO OG wats cs ices grasa cease eu tasdoans maculata penectaeria tata ruta etic tev oy las ataatan nacehaneasinte 431
WRITING A GRAPHICS PRINTER DRIVER |... cence 431
WRITING AN ALPHANUMERIC PRINTER DRIVER |... 439
Chapter 16: ‘Chpboard: Dev iCe: cgi cael ene ta 439
UOC UTC Nhat cs; cans ssecsmnssestereavssscnaseesapschomensazeisettiseadisayatse tonsa mneraseaazniedtanairsagibehanielseacseus 439
UT OO OUTS castes aes eatin tat asi ede eaaicheel Dem tuhemindet 440

XV1

Clipboard Data
Clipboard Messages
Multiple Clips
Example Program
Support Functions Called from Example Program

PART Ii

Chapter 17 Math Functions
Introduction
FFP Floating Point Data Format
FFP Basic Mathematics Library
FFP Transcendental Mathematics Library
FFP Mathematics Conversion Library
IEEE Double-precision Basic Math Library

Chapter 18 Workbench
Introduction

The Icon Library
The Info File

THE GADGET STRUCTURE
ICONS WITH NO POSITION
Workbench Environment
START-UP MESSAGE

The ToolTypes Array
Example Programs
FRIENDLYTOOL
START-UP PROGRAM
ECHO.C

Appendix A Library Summaries

Appendix B Device SumMaLl€s o......ciicccccccssssessssssssessesessecseseeseceseeecsnseeaeeseneneenen
Appendix C Resource Summaries

POSER ROHR ORE H eH OHH EO REESE EERE OHHH SSCS EEE HORE HOHE HOHE SHREK HEHE EEHH EEO DOD

PR Peri ie TD) Tle SS pacientes ieee ee
C Include Files—".h” Files
Assembly-language Include Files—"'.i”’ Files

Appendix E Printer Device Source Code

Appendix F Skeleton Device/Library Code

Index

XVli

POTASH HOR HEH R ERR ESET EE HE SERED OHH SE EEO EE HERE HHO E HEHEHE EEE HS EEH HOHE EEEEE HSE HERDER DORR ERO CE SH EeeEnOE
CO rr ary
POR S ERE DH HSH O TSHR HEH HERO Rem REED EHH EEE EEEE RESET EH ES HOSE HE CHEE ERED EH ECE EE OEE OREO E DEORE SERED EDT OOD

POMOC M EHO Hee Hm HH EH HEE AOE EE HEHEHE EEE SESE OEE SEO DEDEDE HEEL EHEC HEHE DERE DO HOO EERE EEO RESET EOEEE

POPP meme mee em eee meee DEO E REESE EEE HER EH EH HEE EH EES HEHEHE SEH DEE RHO DHE O EEE ED HOS OES DESEO D DEH OEE DEERE HEHEHE TERE EEO M ERED EEE EEE OOS
Cee mm mmm a remem m ease r eases ern ee esses eee beseae Hesse eseeseeeaesteereseseaes
COO mm mem mere nen ee rere meee rede Hn HHH es OHO HHH O EHEC EH HEHEHE ODOR HEED ERE EOE EOE
CO emer rere reer r er er er ease Hesse eee sseeesesemneeeresese
POR m meme rere ramen Beer eH ene eure ese eeHe Hee eeHDeHeeeeHeseruseene
COCO errr meee mee sore mnee eres ereseaeesateereseseseees
POMP H mmr ee meme ROH eee Roe AHHH OEE EEE DOC O ORE EH ORES DESH EEE SHER OHEREOH OEE EEEEEHH DEES ORT EHE DEH E EH OE REEEOS
COO m em meee OEE Hemme HHO EEH EO OEE OHHH EHH HE REHEE EHH HOR ESE EE DEH EH OHH OEE EERO HEE EEE H HEHE EEOC OEHEEHE LEE SEH EEE E EEE Eee EES
POC e eee O RHO oor eee OE HEHEHE HORE R EEE EO EHEC EHO AEH EH OREO EEE EH EH EOS SOOE HREOC SHOE ODEO REO O HE EO HEE EERE OTOH HO EREEE EOE
COMO we eH eer HEHE HOT HH ETHER TOTO EEE HEE HEHEHE EEE MEET DOE E EHH OEE EHES EEE EERE EOE OHHH DETER EEEEHEE HEED EH EERE DODD EE EOEE
COO a mma m emer emer eens eee ee Hea eH HEN EH HEHEHE OSE HEHEHE OED EEO ED EOE SEDO DE HED
POOR OMe e eres se eee ee eEE EEE LE HEHE SOOO OE EOE O EHO EEE EEHH OHO D HOOT EEE EEO OEED
POPC ome m eee eee OER HHO EET EEE HEH OE OEE EOE ERE TEEPE HEHE HESH OCHO EHH EEE DEE EEH OEE HE EEE®
COTO meee ee momma HOHE HEE O EH EEO EH EOE HORE E HEHE EHO EOEEEESES EEE OH EHH HEHEHE SEDO H SEEN HE OOS

POOR e meee Re HORSES HEHEHE HH REDEEM CHEESE DEES HORE RHR HH EH RESESHH HEE HS OEE HHET HE HES ED HERO OE OE SOLE

THES PANDARD START-UP CODE scents ee ielaedes

COOH M REEL H DEH HHH EEE DH EEE HE HO THER EEHOOEHO ETE TE HEHEHE SEE SED EEEETEH ESE EH EME MEE E SEED EHH OTE ES ONE

weceoe

PPCM HH HOR HSH HHH HSE THRESH HHHH EHS EEEEHES EHTS HEHEHE HOH OTE HEE HEHHEHHH HESS SHEL EEE EH OED

Ce ee oO

B-1

C-1

D-1

E-1

F-1

Index-1

PART I

Chapter 1

Graphics Primitives

This chapter describes the basic graphics tools. It covers the graphics support structures,
display routines, and drawing routines. Many of the operations described in this section are also

performed by the Intuition software. See the book called Intuztion: The Amiga User Interface
for more information.

Graphics Primitives 1

Introduction

The Amiga has two basic types of graphics support routines: display routines and drawing rou-
tines. These routines are very versatile and allow you to define any combination of drawing and
display area you may wish to use.

The first section of this chapter defines the display routines. These routines show you how to
form and manipulate a display, including the following aspects of display use:

oO

How to identify the memory area that you wish to have displayed

How to position the display area window to show only a certain portion of a larger
drawing area

How to split the screen into as many vertically stacked slices as you wish
Whether to use high-resolution (640 pixels across) or low-resolution (320 pixels across)
display mode for a particular screen segment, and whether to use interlaced (400 lines

top to bottom) or non-interlaced (200 lines) mode

How to specify how many color choices per pixel are to be available in a specific section
of the display

The next section of the chapter explains all of the available modes of drawing supported by the
system software, including how to do the following:

Reserve memory space for use by the drawing routines
Define the colors that can be drawn into a drawing area

Define the colors of the drawing pens (foreground pen, background pen for patterns,
and outline pen for area-fill outlines)

Define the pen position in the drawing area

Draw lines, define vertex points for area-filling, and specify the area-fill color and
pattern

Define a pattern for patterned line drawing

Change drawing modes

2 Graphics Primitives

o Read or write individual pixels in a drawing area
o Copy rectangular blocks of drawing area data from one drawing area to another

o Use a template (predefined shape) to draw an object into a drawing area

COMPONENTS OF A DISPLAY

In producing a display, you are concerned with two primary components: sprites and the
playfield. Sprites are the easily movable parts of the display. The playfield is the static part of
the display and forms a backdrop against which the sprites can move and with which the
sprites can interact.

This chapter covers the creation of the background. Sprites are described in chapter 3,
“Animation.”

INTRODUCTION TO RASTER DISPLAYS

The Amiga produces its video displays on standard television or video monitors by using raster
display techniques. The picture you see on the video display screen is made up of a series of
horizontal video lines stacked one on top of another, as illustrated in figure 1-1. Each line
represents one sweep of an electronic video beam, which “‘paints’’ the picture as it moves along.
The beam sweeps from left to right, producing the full screen one line at a time. After produc-
ing the full screen, the beam returns to the top of the display screen.

Figure 1-1: How the Video Display Picture Is Produced

Graphics Primitives 3

The diagonal lines in the figure show how the video beam returns to the start of each horizontal
line.

Effect of Display Overscan on the Viewing Area

To assure that the picture entirely fills the viewable region of the screen, the manufacturer of
the video display usually creates a deliberate overscan. That is, the video beam is swept across
a larger section than the front face of the screen can actually display. The video beam actually
covers 262 vertical lines. The user, however, sees only the portion of the picture that is within
the center region of the display, which is about 200 rows, as illustrated in figure 1-2 below. The
graphics system software lets you specify more than 200 rows.

Overscan also restricts the amount of video data that can appear on each display line. The sys-
tem software allows you to specify a display width of up to 352 pixels (or 704 in high-resolution
mode) per horizontal line. Generally, however, you should use the standard values of 320 (or 640
in high-resolution mode) for most applications.

Overscan region. You cannot
see it on the video screen.

ve ieirosiansty 20 vila |
Blanking pproximately video lines

and 320 pixels across.
Interval

Figure 1-2: Display Overscan Restricts Usable Picture Area
The time during which the video beam is in the region below the bottom line of the viewable

area and above the top line of the next display field is called the vertzcal blanking interval.

Color Information for the Video Lines

The hardware reads the system display memory to obtain the color information for each line.

As the video display beam sweeps across the screen producing the display line, it changes color,
producing the images you have defined.

~

4 Graphics Primitives

INTERLACED AND NON-INTERLACED MODES

In producing the complete display (262 video lines), the video display device produces the top
line, then the next lower line, then the next, until it reaches the bottom of the screen. When it
reaches the bottom, it returns to the top to start a new scan of the screen. Each complete set
of 262 lines is called a display field. It takes about 1/60th of a second to produce a complete
display field.

The Amiga has two vertical display modes: interlaced and non-interlaced. In non-interlaced
mode, the video display produces the same picture for each successive display field. A non-
interlaced display normally has about 200 lines in the viewable area (for a full-screen size
display).

To make the display more precise in the vertical direction, you use interlaced mode, which
displays twice as much data in the same vertical area as non-interlaced mode. Within the same
amount of viewable area, you can display 400 video lines instead of 200.

For interlaced mode, the video beam scans the screen at the same rate (1/60th of a second per
complete video display field); however, it takes two display fields to form a complete video
display picture. During the first of each pair of display fields, the system hardware shows the
odd-numbered lines of an interlaced display (1, 3, 5, and soon). During the second display field,
it shows the even-numbered lines (2, 4, 6 and so on). These sets of lines are taken from data
defining 400 lines. During the display, the hardware moves the second display field’s lines
downward slightly from the position of the first, so that the lines in the second field are “‘inter-
laced”’ with those of the first field, giving the higher vertical resolution of this mode. For an
interlaced display, the data in memory defines twice as many lines as for a non-interlaced
display, as shown in figure 1-3.

DATA AS DATA
DISPLAYED IN MEMORY

Odd field — Line1 Line 1
Even field — Line 1 Line 2
Odd field — Line 2 Line 3
Even field — Line 2 Line 4

Odd field Last line Line 399
Even field Last line Line 400

Figure 1-3: Interlaced Mode — Display Fields and Data in Memory

Graphics Primitives 5

Figure 1-4 shows a display formed as display lines 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 400. The 400-line interlaced
display uses the same physical display area as a 200-line non-interlaced display.

Video Display

(400 lines)

Figure 1-4: Interlaced Mode Doubles Vertical Resolution

During an interlaced display, it appears that both display fields are present on the screen at the
same time and form one complete picture. This phenomenon is called video persistence.

HIGH- AND LOW-RESOLUTION MODES

The Amiga also has two horizontal display modes: high-resolution and low-resolution. High-
resolution mode provides (nominally) 640 distinct pixels (picture elements) across a horizontal
line. Low-resolution provides (nominally) 320 pixels across each line. Low-resolution mode

allows up to 32 colors at one time, and high-resolution mode allows 16 colors (out of 4,096
choices) at one time.

One other display mode affects the number of colors you can display at one time: hold-and-
modify. Hold-and-modify mode allows you to display all 4,096 colors on the screen at once.

FORMING AN IMAGE

To create an image, you write data (that is, you ‘“draw”) into a memory area in the computer.
From this memory area, the system can retrieve the image for display. You tell the system
exactly how the memory area is organized, so that the display is correctly produced. You use a
block of memory words at sequentially increasing addresses to represent a rectangular region of

6 Graphics Primitives

data bits. Figure 1-5 shows the contents of three example memory words: 0 bits are shown as
blank rectangles, and 1 bits as filled-in rectangles.

Contents of three memory words, all adjacent to each other. Note that N is expressed as a byte-address.

Mem. Location N Mem. Loc. N+2 Mem. Loc. N+4

Figure 1-5: Sample Memory Words
The system software lets you define linear memory as rectangular regions, called bit-planes. Fig-

ure 1-6 shows how the system views the same three words as a bit-plane, wherein the data bits
form an x-y plane.

Three memory words, organized as a bit-plane.

Figure 1-6: A Rectangular ‘“‘Look”’ at the Sample Memory Words

Figure 1-7 shows how 4,000 words (8,000 bytes) of memory can be organized to provide enough
bits to define a single bit-plane of a full-screen, low-resolution video display (320 x 200).

Graphics Primitives 7

(TTT

Mem. Location N Mem. Location N+38

(TTT (TT

Mem. Location N+40 Mem. Location N+78

at UT

Mem. Location N+7960 Mem. Location N+7998

Figure 1-7: Bit-Plane for a Full-screen, Low-resolution Display

Each memory data word contains 16 data bits. The color of each pixel on a video display line is
directly related to the value of one or more data bits in memory, as follows:

o If you create a display in which each pixel is related to only one data bit, you can only
select from only two possible colors, because each bit can have a value of only 0 or 1.

o If you use two bits per pixel, there is a choice of four different colors because there are
four possible combinations of the values of 0 and 1 from each of the two bits.

o If you specify three, four, or five bits per pixel, you will have eight, sixteen, or thirty-
two possible choices of a color for each pixel.

To create multicolored images, you must tell the system how many bits are to be used per pixel.
The number of bits per pixel is the same as the number of bit-planes used to define the image.

As the video beam sweeps across the screen, the system retrieves one data bit from each bit-
plane. Each of the data bits is taken from a different bit-plane, and one or more bit-planes are
used to fully define the video display screen. For each pixel, data-bits in the same x,y position
in each bit-plane are combined by the system hardware to create a binary value. This value
determines the color that appears on the video display for that pixel. (See figure 1-8.)

8 Graphics Primitives

Color
Selection
Circuitry

\ One of the

Video display
made from the
combined bit-planes.

pixel positions

Bit-Planes defining a low-res display

Figure 1-8: Bits from Each Bit-Plane Select Pixel Color

You will find more information showing how the data bits actually select the color of the
displayed pixel in the section called ‘“‘ViewPort Color Selection.”

ROLE OF THE COPPER (COPROCESSOR)

The Amiga has a special-purpose coprocessor, called the Copper, that can control nearly the
entire graphics system. The Copper can control register updates, reposition sprites, change the
color palette, and update the blitter. The graphics and animation routines use the Copper to
set up lists of instructions for handling displays, and advanced users can write their own ‘‘user
Copper lists.”

Display Routines and Structures

Caution: This section describes the lowest-level graphics interface to the system
hardware. If you use any of the routines and the data structures described in these
sections, your program will essentially take over the entire display. It will not, there-

fore, be compatible with the multiwindow operating environment, known as Intuition,
which is used by AmigaDOS.

Graphics Primitives 9

The descriptions of the display routines, as well as those of the drawing routines, occasionally
use the same terminology as that in Intuition: The Amiga User Interface. These routines and
data structures are the same ones that Intuition software uses to produce its displays.

The computer produces a display from a set of instructions you define. You organize the
instructions as a set of parameters known as the View structure. Figure 1-9 shows how the
system interprets the contents of a View structure. This drawing shows a complete display
composed of two different component parts, which could, for example, be a low-resolution, mul-
ticolored part and a high-resolution, two-colored part.

A complete display consists of one or more ViewPorts, whose display sections are separated
from each other by at least one blank line. The viewable area defined by each ViewPort is a
rectangular cut from the same size (or larger) raster. You are essentially defining a display con-

sisting of a number of vertically stacked display areas in which separate sections of graphics ras-
ters can be shown.

A complete display is composed of Video Display
one (or more) ‘“ViewPorts”’

Background color shows here

ViewPort #1

ViewPorts
must be
separated
by at least
ViewPor a2 one blank line
(may need more
than one blank line)

Figure 1-9: The Display Is Composed of ViewPorts

10 Graphics Primitives

LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF VIEWPORTS

The system software for defining ViewPorts allows only vertically stacked fields to be defined.
Figure 1-10 shows acceptable and unacceptable display configurations. If you want to create

overlapping windows, define a single ViewPort and manage the windows yourself within that
ViewPort.

Incorrect
(Does not use at least one
blank line between
ViewPorts)

Acceptable

Incorrect for ViewPorts Incorrect for ViewPorts
(Overlapping vertical (Cannot create multiple
windows) horizontal windows)

Figure 1-10: Correct and Incorrect Uses of ViewPorts

A ViewPort is related to the custom screen option of Intuition. In a custom screen, you can
split the screen into slices as shown in the ‘“‘correct”’ illustration of figure 1-10. Each custom
screen can have its own set of colors, use its own resolution, and show its own display area.
Within a ViewPort — actually within its associated RastPort (drawing area definition)—it is
possible to split the display into separate drawing areas called windows. The ViewPort is sim-
ply an indivisible window into a possibly larger complex drawing area.

Graphics Primitives 11

CHARACTERISTICS OF A VIEWPORT

To describe a ViewPort fully, you need to set the following parameters: height, width, and
display mode.

In addition to these parameters, you must also tell the system the location in memory from
which the data for the ViewPort display should be retrieved, and how to position the final
ViewPort display on the screen.

VIEWPORT SIZE SPECIFICATIONS

Figure 1-11 illustrates that the variables DHeight, and DWidth specify the size of a
ViewPort.

Display Bit-Planes

DHeight = how
many lines tall

Ee

DWidth = how many pixels wide

Figure 1-11: Size Definition for a ViewPort

ViewPort Height

The variable DHeight determines how many video lines will be reserved to show the height of
this display segment. The size of the actual segment depends on whether you define a non-
interlaced or an interlaced display. An interlaced display is half as tall as a non-interlaced
display of the same number of lines.

For example, a View consisting of two ViewPorts might be defined as follows:

o ViewPort #1 is 150 lines, high-resolution mode (uses the top three-quarters of the
display).

12 Graphics Primitives

o ViewPort #2 is 49 lines of low-resolution mode (uses the bottom quarter of the display
and allows the space for the required blank line between ViewPorts).

The user interface software (Intuition) assumes a standard configuration of 200 rows (400 in
interlaced mode).

ViewPort Width

The DWidth variable determines how wide, in current pixels, the display segment will be. If
you are using low-resolution mode, you should specify a width of 320 pixels per horizontal line.
If you are using high-resolution mode, you should specify a width of 640 pixels. You may
specify a smaller value of pixels per line to produce a narrower display segment.

Although the system software allows you define low-resolution displays as wide as 352 pixels
and high-resolution displays as wide as 704 pixels, you should not exceed the normal values of
320 or 640, respectively. Because of display overscan, many video displays will not be able to
show all of a wider display, and sprite display may be affected. If you are using hardware
sprites or VSprites with your display, and you specify ViewPort widths exceeding 320 or 640
pixels (for low- or high-resolution, respectively), it is likely that hardware sprites 5, 6, and 7 will
not be rendered on the screen. These sprites may not be rendered because playfield DMA
(direct memory access) takes precedence over sprite DMA when an extra-wide display is
produced.

VIEWPORT COLOR SELECTION

The maximum number of colors that a ViewPort can display is determined by the depth of
the BitMap that the ViewPort displays. The depth is specified when the BitMap 1s initial-
ized. See the section below called “Preparing the BitMap Structure.”

Depth determines the number of bit-planes used to define the colors of the rectangular image
you are trying to build (the raster image) and the number of different colors that can be
displayed at the same time within a ViewPort. For any single pixel, the system can display

any one of 4,096 possible colors.

Table 1-1 shows depth values and the corresponding number of possible colors for each value.

Graphics Primitives 13

Table 1-1: Depth Values and Number of Colors in the ViewPort

Colors Depth Value

2 1
4 2
8 3
16 4 (Note 1)
32 5 (Notes 1,2)
4,096 6 (Notes 1,2,3)
32 6 (Notes 1,2)

Notes:
1. Single-playfield mode only —ViewPort mode not DUALPF
2. Low-resolution mode only — ViewPort mode not HIRES
3. Hold-and-modify mode only — ViewPort mode = HAM

The color palette used by a ViewPort is specified in a ColorMap. See the section called
“Preparing the ColorMap” for more information.

Depending on whether single- or dual-playfield mode is used, the system will use different color
register groupings for interpreting the on-screen colors. Table 1-2 below details how the depth
and the Modes variable in the ViewPort structure affect the registers the system uses.

Table 1-2: Single-playfield Mode (Modes variable not equal to DUALPF)

Color
Depth Registers Used

01
0-3
0-7
0-15
0-31
0-16 (if modes = HAM)

On fh WN =

14 Graphics Primitives

Table 1-3 shows the five possible combinations when the Modes variable is set to DUALPF.

Table 1-3: Dual-playfield Mode (Modes variable = DUALPF)

Color Color
Depth (PF-1) Registers Depth (PF-2) Registers

1 0,1 1 89
2 0-3 1 8.9
2 0-3 2 8-11
3 0-7 2 8-11
3 0-7 3 8-15

The system has seven different display modes that you can specify for each ViewPort. The
seven bits that control the modes are DUALPF, PFBA, HIRES, LACE, HAM, SPRITES, and
VP_HIDE. A mode becomes active if you set the corresponding bit to 1 in the Modes variable
of the ViewPort structure. After you initialize the ViewPort, you can set the bit(s) for the
modes you want. (See the section called “Preparing the ViewPort Structure” for more informa-
tion about initializing a ViewPort.)

Modes DUALPF and PFBA are related. DUALPF tells the system to treat the raster specified
by this ViewPort as the first of two independent and separately controllable playfields. It also
modifies the manner in which the pixel colors are selected for this raster.

When PFBA is a 1, it specifies that a second playfield has video priority over the first one.
Playfield relative priorities can be controlled when the playfield is split into two overlapping
regions. Single-playfield and dual-playfield modes are discussed in ‘‘Advanced Topics’’ below.

HIRES tells the system that the raster specified by this ViewPort is to be displayed with 640
horizontal pixels rather than 320 horizontal pixels.

LACE tells the system that the raster specified by this ViewPort is to be displayed in inter-
laced mode. If the ViewPort is non-interlaced and the View is interlaced, the ViewPort will
be displayed at its specified height and will look only slightly different than it would look when
displayed in a non-interlaced View. See “Interlaced Mode versus Non-interlaced Mode’’ below
for more information.

HAM tells the system to use ‘‘hold-and-modify”’ mode, a special mode that lets you display up
to 4,096 colors on screen at the same time. It is described in the ‘“‘Advanced Topics” section.

Graphics Primitives 15

SPRITES tells the system that you are using sprites in this display (either VSprites or Simple
Sprites). This bit, when a 1, tells the software to load color registers for sprites. See chapter 3,
“Animation,” for more information about sprites.

VP_HIDE tells the system that this ViewPort is obscured by other ViewPorts. When a
View is constructed, no display instructions are generated for this ViewPort.

EXTRA_HALFBRITE is reserved for future use.

Single-playfield Mode versus Dual-playfield Mode

When you specify single-playfield mode (see figure 1-12), you are asking that the system treat all
bit-planes as part of the definition of a single playfield image. Each of the bit-planes defined as

part of this ViewPort contributes data bits that determine the color of the pixels in a single
playfield.

Display Screen

Everything on the
display is part of
the same playfield.

Scene (Playfield 1)

Background color shows here

Figure 1-12: A Single-playfield Display

If you use dual-playfield mode (ViewPort.Modes = DUALPF), you can define two indepen-
dent, separately controllable playfield areas (see figure 1-13).

16 Graphics Primitives

Display Screen

Two independently
controllable displays.

One has video priority
over the other.

Background color shows here

Figure 1-13: A Dual-playfield Display

In figure 1-13, the display mode bit PFBA is set to 1. If PFBA = 0, the relative priorities will
be reversed; playfield 2 will appear to be behind playfield 1.

Low-resolution Mode versus High-resolution Mode

In low-resolution mode, horizontal lines of 320 pixels fill most of the ordinary viewing area. The
system software lets you define a screen segment width up to 352 pixels in this mode, or you
can define a screen segment as narrow as you desire. In high-resolution mode (also called “‘nor-
mal” resolution), 640 pixels fill a horizontal line. In this mode you can specify any width from 0
to 704 pixels. Overscan normally limits you to showing only O to 320 pixels per line in low-
resolution mode or 0 to 640 pixels per line in high-resolution mode. Intuition assumes the nom1-
nal 320-pixel or 640-pixel width (see figure 1-14).

Graphics Primitives 17

320 Pixels Across
(width of 352 is possible)

ViewPort.Modes = 0

640 Pixels Across

(width of 704 is possible) ViewPort.Modes = HIRES

Figure 1-14: How HIRES Affects Width of Pixels

Interlaced Mode versus Non-interlaced Mode

In interlaced mode, there are twice as many lines available as in non-interlaced mode, providing
better vertical resolution in the same display area (see figure 1-15).

200 lines define

View.Modes = 0
a full screen

400 lines define
a full screen

View.Modes = LACE

Figure 1-15: How LACE Affects Vertical Resolution

If the View structure does not specify LACE, and the ViewPort specifies LACE, you may see
only every other line of the ViewPort data. If the View structure specifies LACE and the
ViewPort is non-interlaced, the same ViewPort data will be repeated in both fields. The
height of the ViewPort display is the height specified in the ViewPort structure. If both the
View and the ViewPort are interlaced, the ViewPort will be built with double the normal
vertical resolution. That means it will need twice as much data space in memory as a non-
interlaced picture for this display.

18 Graphics Primitives

VIEWPORT DISPLAY MEMORY

The picture you create in memory can be larger than the screen image that can be displayed
within your ViewPort. This big picture (called a raster and represented by the BitMap struc-
ture) can have a maximum size of 1,024 by 1,024 pixels. Because a picture this large cannot fit
fully on the display, you specify which piece of it to display. Once you have selected the piece
to be shown, you can specify where it is to appear on the screen.

The example in figure 1-16 introduces terms that tell the system how to find the display data
and how to display it in the ViewPort. These terms are RHeight, RWidth, RyOffset,
Rx Offset, DHeight, DWidth, Dy Offset and DxOffset.

(0,0) RxOffset Large picture 1024 by 800 (called a “’Raster’’)

RyOffset
RHeight = 800

Display this
part of the
big picture

320

DxOffset RWidth = 1024
(0,0) Video Display Screen

DyOffset
DHeight = 200

DWidth = 320

Background Color

Figure 1-16: ViewPort Data Area Parameters
The terms RHeight and RWidth do not appear in actual system data structures. They refer

to the dimensions of the raster and are used here to relate the size of the raster to the size of
the display area. RHeight is the number of rows in the raster, and RWidth is the number of

Graphics Primitives 19

bytes per row times 8. The raster shown in the figure is too big to fit entirely in the display
area, so you tell the system which pixel of the raster should appear in the upper left corner of
the display segment specified by your ViewPort. The variables that control that placement
are Ry Offset and Rx Offset.

To compute RyOffset and RxOffset, you need RHeight, RWidth, DHeight, and DWidth.
The DHeight and DWidth variables define the height and width in pixels of the portion of the
display that you want to appear in the ViewPort. The example shows a full-screen, low-
resolution mode (320-pixel), non-interlaced (200-line) display formed from the larger overall
picture.

Normal values for RyOffset and RxOffset are defined by the formulas:

0 < = RyOffset < = (RHeight - DHeight)
0 < = RxOffset < = (RWidth - DWidth)

Once you have defined the size of the raster and the section of that raster that you wish to
display, you need only specify where to put this ViewPort on the screen. This is controlled by
the variables DyOffset and DxOffset. A value of 0 for each of these offsets places a normal-
sized picture in a centered position at the top, bottom, left and right on the display screen.
Possible values for DyOffset range from -16 to +200 (-32 to +400 if View.Modes includes
LACE). Possible values for DxOffset range from -16 to +352 (-32 to +704 if
ViewPort.Modes includes HIRES).

The parameters shown in the figure above are distributed in the following data structures:

o RasInfo (information about the raster) contains the variables RxOffset and Ry Offset.
It also contains a pointer to the BitMap structure.

o View (information about the whole display) includes the variables that you use to posi-
tion the whole display on the screen. The View structure contains a Modes variable
used to determine if the whole display is to be interlaced or non-interlaced. It also con-
tains pointers to its list of WiewPorts and pointers to the Copper instructions pro-
duced by the system to create the display you have defined.

o ViewPort (information about this piece of the display) includes the values DxOffset
and DyOffset that are used to position this slice relative to the overall View. The
ViewPort also contains the variables DHeight and DWidth, which define the size of
this slice; a Modes variable; and a pointer to the local ColorMap. Each ViewPort
also contains a pointer to the next ViewPort. You create a linked list of ViewPorts
to define the complete display.

o BitMap (information about memory usage) tells the system where to find the display
and drawing area memory and shows how this memory space is organized.

20 Graphics Primitives

You must allocate enough memory for the display you define. The memory you use for the
display may be shared with the area control structures used for drawing. This allows you to
draw into the same areas that you are currently displaying on the screen.

As an alternative, you can define two BitMaps. One of them can be the active structure (that
being displayed) and the other can be the inactive structure. If you draw into one BitMap
while displaying another, the user cannot see the drawing taking place. This is called double-
buffering of the display. See ‘“‘Advanced Topics” below for an explanation of the steps required
for double-buffering. Double-buffering takes twice as much memory as single-buffering because
two full displays are produced.

To determine the amount of required memory for each ViewPort for single-buffering, you can
use the following formula.

bytes_per_ViewPort = Depth * RASSIZE (Width, Height);

RASSIZE is a system macro attuned to the current design of the system memory allocation for
display rasters. See graphics/gfxmacros.h for the formula with which RASSIZE is calculated.

For example, a 32-color ViewPort (depth = 5), 320 pixels wide by 200 lines high uses 40,000
bytes (as of this writing). A 16-color ViewPort (depth = 4), 640 pixels wide by 400 lines high
uses 128,000 bytes (as of this writing).

FORMING A BASIC DISPLAY

This section offers an example that shows how to create a single ViewPort with a size of 200
lines, in which the area displayed is the same size as the big picture (raster) stored in memory.
The example also shows how this ViewPort becomes the single display segment of a View
structure. Following the description of the individual operations, the ‘‘“Graphics Example Pro-
gram’’ section pulls all of the pieces into a complete executable program. Instead of linking
these routines to drawing routines, the example allocates memory specifically and only for the
display (instead of sharing the memory with the drawing routines) and writes data directly to
this memory. This keeps the display and the drawing routines separate for purposes of
discussion.

Here are the data structures that you need to define to create a basic display:

struct View v; /* The name used here for a View is v,
struct ViewPort vp; * for a ViewPort is vp,

struct BitMap b; * for a BitMap is b,

struct RasInfo ri; * and for a RasInfo is ri. */

Graphics Primitives 21

Opening the Graphics Library

Most of the system routines used here are located in the graphics library. When you compile
your program, you must provide a way to tell the compiler to link your calling sequences into
the routine library in which they are located. You accomplish this by declaring the variable
called GfxBase. Then, by opening the graphics library, you provide the value (address of the
library) that the system needs for linking with your program. See the “Libraries” chapter in
the Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec for more information.

Here is a typical sequence:

struct GfxBase *GfxBase; /* declare the name *GfxBase as a
* pointer to the corresponding library */

Preparing the View Structure
The following code section prepares the View structure for further use:

Init View( &v ); /* initialize the View structure */
v.ViewPort = &vp;/* tell the View structure where to find the
* first ViewPort in a possible list of Viewports * /

Preparing the ViewPort Structure
The following code section prepares the ViewPort structure for further use:

InitVPort( &vp ); /* initialize the structure (set up default values) */
vp.DWidth = WIDTH; /* how wide is the display */
vp.DHeight = HEIGHT; /* how tall is the display for this ViewPort */
vp.RasInfo = &ri; /* pointer to a RasInfo structure */
vp.ColorMap = GetColorMap(32); /* using a 32-color map */
The InitVPort() routine presets certain default values. The defaults include:
o Modes variable set to zero—this means you select a low-resolution display.
o Next variable set to zero—no other ViewPort is linked to this one. If you want to

have multiple ViewPorts in a single View, you must create the link yourself. The last
ViewPort in the chain must have a Next value of 0.

22 Graphics Primitives

If you have defined two ViewPorts, such as

struct ViewPort vpA;
struct ViewPort vpB;

and you want them to both be part of the same display, you must create a link between them,
and a NULL link at the end of the chain of ViewPorts:

vpA.Next = &vpB; _ _=s/* tell first one the address of the second */
vpB.Next = NULL; /* after this one, there are no others */

Preparing the BitMap Structure

The BitMap structure tells the system where to find the display and drawing memory and how
this memory space is organized. The following code section prepares a BitMap structure,
including allocation of memory for the bit-map. For this example, this memory is used only for
the display and is not shared with any drawing routines. The example writes directly to the
display area.

/* initialize the BitMap structure */
InitBitMap( &b, DEPTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT );
/* now allocate some memory that can be
* be linked into the BitMap for display purposes * /
for( i=0; i<DEPTH, i++)
{
b.Planes[i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster(WIDTH, HEIGHT);

This code allocates enough memory to handle the display area for as many bit-planes as the
depth you have defined. This code segment does not include the error-checking that is present
in the full example later on.

Preparing the RasInfo Structure

The RasInfo structure provides information to the system about the location of the BitMap as
well as the positioning of the display area as a window against a larger drawing area. Use the
following steps to prepare the RasInfo structure:

Graphics Primitives 23

ri.BitMap = &b;_ /* specify address of the BitMap structure */
ri.Rx Offset = 0;
ri.RyOffset = 0; /* match the upper lefthand corner of the
* display area with the upper left corner of
* the drawing area - see figure 1-16 */
rinext = NULL; /* fora single playfield display, there
* is only one RasInfo structure present * /

Preparing the ColorMap Structure

Interrupts should be used to display this ViewPort. When the View is created, Copper
instructions are generated to change the current contents of each color register just before the
topmost line of a ViewPort so that this ViewPort’s color registers will be used for interpret-
ing its display.

Here are the steps normally used for initializing a ColorMap:

/* define some colors in an array of words */
UWORD colortable [] = { 0, Oxf00, OxOf0, OxOOf }

/* allocate space and get a pointer to it */

/* 4 colors in this table (4 registers for Copper

* to reload before this ViewPort is displayed */
vp.ColorMap = GetColorMap (4);
LoadRGBA4( vp, ColorTable, 4 )

Note: The ‘‘4” in the name LoadRGBA() refers to the fact that each of the red, green, and
blue values in a color table entry consists of four bits. It has nothing to do with the fact that

this particular color table contains four entries, which is a result of the choice of DEPTH = 2
for this example.

From the section called ““ViewPort Color Selection,” notice that you might need to specify more
colors in the color map than you think. If you use a dual-playfield display (covered later in this
chapter) with a depth of 1 for each of the two playfields, this means a total of four colors (two
for each playfield). However, because playfield 2 uses color registers starting from number 8 on
up when in dual-playfield mode, the color map must be initialized to contain at least 10 entries.
That is, it must contain entries for colors 0 and 1 (for playfield 1) and color numbers 8 and 9
(for playfield 2). Space for sprite colors must be allocated as well.

24 Graphics Primitives.

Creating the Display Instructions

Now that you have initialized the system data structures, you can request that the system
prepare a set of display instructions for the Copper using these structures as input data. Dur-
ing the one or more blank vertical lines that precede each ViewPort, the Copper is busy chang-
ing the characteristics of the display hardware to match the characteristics you expect for this
ViewPort. This may include a change in display resolution, a change in the colors to be used,
or other user-defined modifications to system registers.

Here is the code that creates the display instructions:

MakeVPort( &v, &vp );

In this line of code, &v is the address of the View structure and &vp is the address of the first
ViewPort structure. Using these structures, the system has enough information to build the
instruction stream that defines your display.

MakeVPort() creates a special set of instructions that controls the appearance of the display.
If you are using animation, the graphics animation routines create a special set of instructions to
control the hardware sprites and the system color registers. In addition, the advanced user can

create special instructions (called user Copper instructions) to change system operations based
on the position of the video beam on the screen.

All of these special instructions must be merged together before the system can use them to pro-
duce the display you have designed. This is done by the system routine MrgCop() (which
stands for ‘‘“Merge Coprocessor Instructions’’). Here is a typical call:

MrgCop (&v); /* merge this View’s Copper instructions
* into a single instruction list */

LOADING AND DISPLAYING THE VIEW

To display the View, you need to load it using LoadView() and turn on the direct memory
access (DMA). A typical call is shown below.

LoadView( &v );
where &v is the address of the View structure defined in the example above.
Two macros control display DMA: ON_DISPLAY and OFF_DISPLAY. They simply turn

the display DMA control bit in the DMA control register on or off. After you have loaded a
new View, you use ON_DISPLAY to allow the system DMA to display it on the screen.

Graphics Primitives 25

If you are drawing to the display area and do not want the user to see intermediate steps in the
drawing, you can turn off the display. Because OF F_DISPLAY shuts down the display DMA
and possibly speeds up other system operations, it can be used to provide additional memory
cycles to the blitter or the 68000. The distribution of system DMA, however, allows four-
channel sound, disk read/write, and a sixteen-color, low-resolution display (or four-color, high-
resolution display) to operate at the same time with no slowdown (7.1 megahertz effective rate)
in the operation of the 68000.

GRAPHICS EXAMPLE PROGRAM

The program below creates and displays a single-playfield display that is 320 pixels wide, 200
lines high, and two bit-planes deep.

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ” graphics/gfx.h”
#include ”hardware/dmabits.h”
#include ”hardware/custom.h”
#include ”hardware/blit.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxmacros.h”
#include ” graphics /copper.h”
#include ” graphics/view.h”
#include ” graphics/gels.h”
#include ” graphics /regions.h”
#include ” graphics/clip.h”
#include ” exec/exec.h”
#include ” graphics/text.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxbase.h”

#define DEPTH 2 - -

#define WIDTH 320

#define HEIGHT 200

#-define NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY -1000

/* construct a simple display */

struct View v;

struct ViewPort vp;

struct ColorMap *cm; /* pointer to ColorMap structure, dynamic alloc */
struct RasInfo ri;

struct BitMap b;

struct RastPort rp;

LONG 1};
SHORT j,k,n;

26 Graphics Primitives

extern struct ColorMap *GetColorMap();
struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

struct View *oldview; /* save pointer to old View so can restore */

/* black, red, green, blue */

USHORT colortable|] = { 0x000, Oxf00, Ox0f0, OxO0f }; /* my own colors */
SHORT boxoffsets|] = { 802, 2010, 3218 }; /* where to draw boxes */

UBYTE *displaymem;
UWORD ¥«colorpalette;

main()

{

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary(” graphics.library” ,O);

if (GfxBase == NULL) exit(1);

oldview = GfxBase->ActiView; /* save current View to restore later */
/* example steals screen from Intuition if Intuition is around */

Init View(&v); /* initialize View */
InitVPort(&vp); /* init ViewPort */
v.ViewPort = &vp;_ _/* link View into ViewPort */

/* init bit map (for RasInfo and RastPort) */
InitBitMap(&b, DEPTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

/* (init RasInfo) */
n.BitMap = &b;
ri.RxOffset — 0;
ri.RyOffset = 0;
ri.Next = NULL;

/* now specify critical characteristics */
vp.DWidth = WIDTH;

vp.DHeight = HEIGHT;

vp.RasInfo = &ri;

/* (init color table) */
cm = GetColorMap(4); /* 4 entries, since only 2 planes deep */
colorpalette = (UWORD *)cm->ColorTable;
for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
*colorpalette++ = colortable|i|;
}

/* copy my colors into this data structure */
vp.ColorMap = cm; /* link it with the ViewPort */

Graphics Primitives 27

j

/* allocate space for bitmap */

for(i=0; i< DEPTH; i++)

b.Planes|i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster(WIDTH,HEIGHT);
if(b.Planes|i] === NULL) exit(NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
j

MakeVPort( &v, &vp ); /* construct Copper instruction (prelim) list */
MrgCop( &v ); /* merge preliminary lists together into a real
* Copper list in the view structure. */

for(i=0; 1<2; 1++)

{
displaymem = (UBYTE *)b.Planes|i];
BltClear(displaymem,RASSIZE(WIDTH,HEIGHT),0)

}

Load View( &v);
/* now fill some boxes so that user can see something */
/* always draw into both planes to assure true colors */
for(n=1; n<4; n++) /* three boxes */
{
for(k=0; k<2; k++)
{
/* boxes will be in red, green and blue */
displaymem = b.Planes|k] + boxoffsets[n- 1];
DrawF illedBox(n,k);

}

Delay(50*10); /* wait for 10 seconds */

Load View(oldview); /* put back the old View */
FreeMemory(); /* exit gracefully */
CloseLibrary(GfxBase); /* since program opened library, close it */

/* end of main() */

/* return user- and system-allocated memory to sys manager */
FreeMemory()

{

/* free drawing area */

for(i=0; i<DEPTH; i++)

28 Graphics Primitives

{
}

/* free the color map created by GetColorMap() */
FreeColorMap(cm);

/* free dynamically created structures */
FreeVPortCopLists(&vp);
FreeCprList(v.LOFCprList);

return(0);

FreeRaster(b.Planes|i], WIDTH,HEIGHT);

j
DrawF illed Box(fillcolor,plane)

SHORT fillcolor,plane;

{
UBYTE value;

for(j=0; }<100; j++)
{

if((fillcolor & (1 << plane)) != 0)
‘

value = Oxff;

value = 0;

}
for(i=0; i< 20; i++)

{
}

displaymem += (b.BytesPerRow - 20);

*displaymem++ = value;

}

return(0);

Exiting Gracefully

The sample program above provides a way of exiting gracefully, returning to the memory
manager all dynamically-allocated memory chunks. Notice the calls to FreeRaster() and
FreeColorMap(). These calls correspond directly to the allocation calls AllocRaster() and
GetColorMap() located in the body of the program. Now look at the calls within
FreeMemory() to FreeVPortCopLists() and FreeCprList(). When you call MakeVPort(),
the graphics system dynamically allocates some space to hold intermediate instructions from
which a final Copper instruction list is created. When you call MrgCop(), these intermediate
Copper lists are merged together into the final Copper list, which is then given to the hardware

Graphics Primitives 29

for interpretation. It is this list that provides the stable display on the screen, split into
separate ViewPorts with their own colors and resolutions and so on.

When your program completes, you must see that it returns all of the memory resources that it
used so that those memory areas are again available to the system for reassignment to other
projects. Therefore, if you use the routines MakeVPort() or MrgCop(), you must also
arrange to use FreeCprList() (pointing to each of those lists in the View structure) and
FreeVPortCopLists() (pointing to the ViewPort that is about to be deallocated). If your
view is interlaced, you will also have to call FreeCprList(&v.SHFCprList) because an inter-
laced view has a separate Copper list for each of the two fields displayed.

As a final caveat, notice that when you do free everything, the memory manager or other pro-
grams may immediately change the contents of the freed memory. Therefore, if the Copper is
still executing an instruction stream (as a result of a previous LoadView() ) when you free that
memory, the display will go “‘south.’”’ You will probably want to turn off the display or provide
an alternate Copper list when this one is to be deallocated.

Advanced Topics

CREATING A DUAL-PLAYFIELD DISPLAY

In dual-playfield mode, you have two separately controllable playfields. In this mode, you
always define two RasInfo data structures. Each of these structures defines one of the
playfields. There are seven different ways you can configure a dual-playfield display, because
there are five different distributions of the bit-planes which the system hardware allows. Table
1-4 shows these distributions.

30 Graphics Primitives

Table 1-4: Bit-Plane Assignment in Dual-playfield Mode

Number of Playfield 1 Playfield 2
Bit-planes Depth Depth

moh WD KK CO
WWN NHN = — CO
WHO NW KF —- CO SO

Recall that if you set PFBA in the ViewPort Modes variable to 1, you can swap playfield
priority and display playfield 2 in front of playfield 1. In this way, you can get more bit-planes
in the background playfield than you have in the foreground playfield. If you create a display
with multiple ViewPorts, only for this ViewPort will the playfield priority be changed.

Playfield 1 is defined by the first of the two RasInfo structures. Playfield 2 is defined by the
second of the two RasInfo structures.

When you call MakeVPort(), you use parameters as follows:

MakeVPort( &view, &viewport );

The ViewPort Modes variable must include the DUALPF bit. This tells the graphics system
that there are two RasInfo structures to be used.

In summary, to create a dual-playfield display you must do the following things:
o Allocate one View structure
o §6Allocate two BitMap structures
o Allocate two RasInfo structures (linked together), each pointing to different BitMaps
o Allocate one ViewPort structure

o Set up a pointer in the ViewPort structure to the playfield 1 RasInfo

Graphics Primitives 31

o Initialize each BitMap structure to describe one playfield, using one of the permissible
bit-plane distributions shown in table 1-4 and allocate memory for the bit-planes them-
selves. Note that BitMap 1 and BitMap 2 need not be the same width and height.

o Initialize the ViewPort structure

o Set the DUALPF (and possibly the PFBA) bit in the ViewPort Modes variable

o Call MakeVPort()

o Call MrgCop()

For display purposes, each of the two BitMaps is assigned to a separate playfield display.

To draw separately into the BitMaps, you must also assign these BitMaps to two separate
RastPorts. The section called ‘Initializing the RastPort’’ shows you how to use a RastPort
data structure to control your drawing routines.

CREATING A DOUBLE-BUFFERED DISPLAY

To produce smooth animation or other such effects, it is occasionally necessary to double-buffer
your display. To prevent the user from seeing your graphics rendering while it is in progress,
you will want to draw into one memory area while actually displaying a different area.

Double-buffering consists of creating two separate display areas and two sets of pointers to those
areas for a single View.

To create a double-buffered display, you must perform these actions:
o 6©Allocate two BitMap structures
o §6©Allocate one RasInfo structure
o Allocate one ViewPort structure
o §6©Allocate one View structure

o Initialize each BitMap structure to describe one drawing area and allocate memory for
the bit-planes themselves

o Create a pointer for each BitMap

32 Graphics Primitives

o Create a pointer for the View long-frame Copper list (LOFCprList) and short-frame
Copper list (SHFCprList) for each of two alternate display fields. The SHFCprList
is for interlaced displays.

o Initialize the RasInfo structure, setting the BitMap pointer to point to one of the two
BitMaps you have created

o Call MakeVPort()
o Call MrgCop()

o Call LoadView()

When you call MrgCop(), the system uses all of the information you have provided in the vari-
ous data structures to create a list of instructions for the Copper to execute. This list tells the
Copper how to split the display and how to specify colors for the various portions of the
display. When the steps shown above have been completed, the system will have allocated
memory for a long-frame (LOF) Copper list and a short-frame (SHF) Copper list and will have
set pointers called LOFCprList and SOFCprList in the View structure. The long-frame
Copper list is normally used for all non-interlaced displays, and the short-frame Copper list is

used only when interlaced mode is turned on. The pointers point to the two sets of Copper
instructions.

The LOFCprList and SHFCprList pointers are initialized when MrgCop() is called. The
instruction stream referenced by these pointers includes references to the first BitMap.

You must now do the following:

o Save the current values in back-up pointers and set the values of LOFCprList and
SHFCprlist in the View structure to zero. When you next perform MrgCop(), the
system automatically allocates another memory area to hold a new list of instructions
for the Copper.

o Install the pointer to the other BitMap structure in the RasInfo structure before your
call to MakeVPort(), and then call MakeVPort and MrgCop.

Now you have created two sets of instruction streams for the Copper, one of which you have
saved in a pair of pointer variables. The other has been newly created and is in the View
structure. You can save this new set of pointers as well, swapping in the set that you want to
use for display, while drawing into the BitMap that is not on the display. Remember that you
will have to call FreeCprList() on both sets of Copper lists when you have finished.

Graphics Primitives 33

HOLD-AND-MODIFY MODE

In hold-and-modify mode you can create a single-playfield display in which 4,096 different colors
can be displayed simultaneously. This requires that your ViewPort be defined using six bit-
planes and that you set the HAM bit in the ViewPort Modes variable.

When you draw into the BitMap associated with this ViewPort, you can choose one of four
different ways of drawing into the BitMap. (Drawing into a BitMap is shown in the next sec-
tion, ‘Drawing Routines.”’) If you draw using color numbers 0-15, the pixel you draw will
appear in the color specified in that particular system color register. If you draw with any other
color value from 16-31, the color displayed depends on the color of the pixel that is to the
immediate left of this pixel on the screen. For example, hold constant the contents of the red
and the green parts of the previously produced color, and take the rest of the bits of this new
pixel’s color register number as the new contents for the blue part of the color. Hold-and-
modify means hold part and modify part of the preceding defined pixel’s color.

Note that a particular hold-and-modify pixel can only change one of the three color values at a
time. Thus, the effect has a limited control.

In hold-and-modify mode, you use all six bit-planes. Planes 5 and 6 are used to modify the way
bits from planes 1 - 4 are treated, as follows:

o If the 6-5 bit combination from planes 6 and 5 for any given pixel is 00, normal color
selection procedure is followed. Thus, the bit combinations from planes 4 - 1, in that
order of significance, are used to choose one of 16 color registers (registers 0-15).

If only five bit-planes are used, the data from the sixth plane is automatically supplied
with the value as 0.

o If the 6-5 bit combination is 01, the color of the pixel immediately to the left of this
pixel is duplicated and then modified. The bit combinations from planes 4 - 1 are used

to replace the four “blue”’ bits in the pixel color without changing the value in any color
register.

o If the 6-5 bit combination is 10, the color of the pixel immediately to the left of this
pixel is duplicated and then modified. The bit combinations from planes 4 - 1 are used
to replace the four “red” bits.

o If the 6-5 bit combination is 11, the color of the pixel immediately to the left of this
pixel is duplicated and then modified. The bit combinations from planes 4 - 1 are used

to replace the four “‘green”’ bits.

o At the leftmost edge of each line, hold-and-modify begins with the background color.
The color choice does not carry over from the preceding line.

34 Graphics Primitives

Drawing Routines

Most of the graphics drawing routines require information about how the drawing is to take
place. For this reason, the graphics support routines provide a data structure called a
RastPort, which contains information essential to the graphics drawing functions. In using
most of the drawing functions, you must pass them a pointer to your RastPort structure. As-
sociated with the RastPort is another data structure called a BitMap, which contains a
description of the organization of the data in the drawing area.

INITIALIZING A BITMAP STRUCTURE

The RastPort contains information for controlling the drawing. In order to use the graphics,
you also need to tell the system the memory area location where the drawing will occur. You
do this by initializing a BitMap structure, defining the characteristics of the drawing area, as
shown in the following example. This was already shown in the section called ‘‘Forming a Basic
Display,” but it is repeated here because it relates to drawing as well as to display routines.
You need not necessarily use the same BitMap for both the drawing and the display.

struct BitMap myBitMap;
SHORT depth = 3;/* max of eight colors ... going to need three
* bit-planes to represent this number of colors */

SHORT width = 320;
SHORT height — 200;

ee

InitBitMap( &myBitMap, depth, width, height);

INITIALIZING A RASTPORT STRUCTURE

Before you can use a RastPort for drawing, you must initialize it. Here is a sample initializa-
tion sequence:

struct RastPort myRastPort;
InitRastPort(&myRastPort);

/* now link together the BitMap and the RastPort */
myRastPort.BitMap = &myBitMap;

Note that you cannot perform the link until after the RastPort has been initialized.

Graphics Primitives 35

The RastPort data structure can be found in the include files rastport.h and rastport.z. It con-
tains the following information:

o Drawing pens

o Drawing modes

o Patterns

o Text attributes and font information

o Area-filling information

o Graphics elements information for animation
o Current pen position

o A write mask

Oo Some graphics private data

o A pointer for user extensions

The following sections explain each of the items in the RastPort structure.

Drawing Pens

The Amiga has three different drawing “pens’’ associated with the graphics drawing routines.
These are:

o FgPen—the foreground or primary drawing pen. For historical reasons, it 1s also

called the A-Pen.

o BgPen—the background or secondary drawing pen. For historical reasons, it is also

called the B-Pen.

o AOIlPen—the area outline pen. For historical reasons, it is also called the O-Pen.

A drawing pen variable in the RastPort contains the current value (range 0-255) for a particu-
lar color choice. This value represents a color register number whose contents are to be used in
rendering a particular type of image. In essence, the bits of a “‘pen’’ determine which bit-planes
are affected when a color is written into a pixel (as determined by the drawing mode and
modified by the pattern variables and the write mask as described below). The drawing rou-
tines support BitMaps up to eight planes deep, allowing for future expansion in the hardware.

36 Graphics Primitives

Note: The Amiga 1000 contains only 32 color registers. Any range beyond that repeats the
colors in 0-31. For example, pen numbers 32-63 refer to the colors in registers 0-31.

The color in FgPen is used as the primary drawing color for rendering lines and areas. This
pen is used when the drawing mode is JAMI (see the next section for drawing modes). JAMI1
specifies that only one color is to be “jammed” into the drawing area.

You establish the color for FgPen using the statement:

SetAPen( &myRastPort, newcolor );

The color in BgPen is used as the secondary drawing color for rendering lines and areas. If you
specify that the drawing mode is JAM2 (jamming two colors) and a pattern is being drawn, the
primary drawing color (FgPen) is used where there are 1s in the pattern. The secondary draw-
ing color (BgPen) is used where there are Os in the pattern.

You establish the drawing color for BgPen using the statement:

SetBPen( &myRastPort, newcolor );

The area outline pen AOI]Pen is used in two applications: area fill and flood fill. (See ‘‘Area
Fill Operations”’ below.) In area fill, you can specify that an area, once filled, can be outlined in
this AOIPen color. In flood fill (in one of its operating modes) you can fill until the flood-filler
hits a pixel of the color specified in this pen variable.

You establish the drawing color for AO|]Pen using the statement:

SetOPen( &myRastPort, newcolor );

Drawing Modes

Four drawing modes may be specified:

JAMI Whenever you execute a graphics drawing command, one color is jammed into
the target drawing area. You use only the primary drawing pen color, and for
each pixel drawn, you replace the color at that location with the FgPen color.

JAM2 Whenever you execute a graphics drawing command, two colors are jammed into
the target drawing area. This mode tells the system that the pattern variables
(both line pattern and area pattern —see the next section) are to be used for the
drawing. Wherever there is a 1 bit in the pattern variable, the FgPen color re-
places the color of the pixel at the drawing position. Wherever there is a O bit in
the pattern variable, the BgPen color is used.

Graphics Primitives 37

COMPLEMENT
For each 1 bit in the the pattern, the corresponding bit in the target area is
complemented —that is, its state is reversed. As with all other drawing modes,
the write mask can be used to protect specific bit-planes from being modified.
Complement mode is often used for drawing and then erasing lines.

INVERSEVID
This is the drawing mode used primarily for text. If the drawing mode is
(JAMI1 | INVERSEVID), the text appears as a transparent letter surrounded by
the FgPen color. If the drawing mode is (JAM2|INVERSEVID ), the text ap-
pears as in (JAM1|INVERSEVID ) except that the BgPen color is used to draw

the text character itself. In this mode, the roles of FgPen and BgPen are
effectively reversed.

You set the drawing modes using the statement:

SetDrMd( &myRastPort, newmode );

Patterns

The RastPort data structure provides two different pattern variables that it uses during the
various drawing functions: a line pattern and an area pattern. The line pattern is 16 bits wide
and is applied to all lines. When you initialize a RastPort, this line pattern value is set to all
ls (hex FFFF), so that solid lines are drawn. You can also set this pattern to other values to

draw dotted lines if you wish. For example, you can establish a dotted line pattern with the
statement:

SetDrPt( &myRastPort, Oxcccc );

where “‘cccc”’ is a bit-pattern, 1100110011001100, to be applied to all lines drawn. If you draw
multiple, connected lines, the pattern cleanly connects all the points.

The area pattern is 16 bits wide and its height is some power of two. This means that you can

define patterns in heights of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on. To tell the system how large a pattern
you are providing, include this statement:

SetAfPt( &myRastPort, &myAreaPattern, power_of_two );

where &myAreaPattern is the address of the first word of the area pattern and
power_of_two specifies how many words are in the pattern. For example:

38 Graphics Primitives

USHORT myAreaPattern[ ] = {
Ox ff00,
Ox ff00,
Ox OOff,
Ox O0O0ff,
OxfOfo,
OxfOfo,
Ox OfOf,
Ox O0fOf

}3

SetAfPt( &myRastPort, &myAreaPattern, 3 );

This example produces a pattern that is a large checkerboard above a small checkerboard.
Because power_of_two is set to 3, the pattern is 2 to the 3rd, or 8, rows high.

Pattern Positioning

The pattern is always positioned with respect to the upper left corner of the RastPort drawing

area (the 0,0 coordinate). If you draw two rectangles whose edges are adjacent, the pattern will
be continuous across the rectangle boundaries.

Multicolored Patterns

The last example above produces a two-color pattern with one color where there are 1s and the
other color where there are Os in the pattern. A special mode allows you to develop a pattern

having up to 256 colors. To create this effect, specify power_of_two as a negative value
instead of a positive value.

The following initialization establishes an 8-color checkerboard pattern where each square in the
checkerboard has a different color. The checkerboard is 2 squares wide by 4 squares high.

USHORT myAreaPattern(3](8] = {
{

0x0000, /* plane O pattern */
0x0000,

Ox fiff,

Ox fiff,

0x0000,

0x0000,

Ox fiff,

Ox fiff,

bs

Graphics Primitives 39

0x0000, /* plane 1 pattern */
0x0000,

0x0000,

0x0000,

Ox fff,

Ox fff,

Ox fiff,

Ox fiff,

Ox ff00, /* plane 2 pattern */
Ox ff00,
Oxff00,
Oxff00,
Ox ff00o,
Ox ffoo,
Ox ff0O,
Ox ff00

}3
SetAfPt( &myRastPort, &myAreaPattern, -3 );

/* when doing this, it is best to set three other parameters as follows: */
SetAPen( &myRastPort, 255);

SetBPen( &myRastPort, 0);

SetDrMd( &myRastPort, JAM2);

If you use this multicolored pattern mode, you must provide as many planes of pattern data as
there are planes in your BitMap.

Text Attributes

Text attributes and font information are set by calls to the font routines. These are covered
separately in chapter 4, “Text.”

40 Graphics Primitives

Area-fill Information

Two structures in the RastPort—AreaInfo and TmpRas— define certain information for
area filling operations. The AreaInfo pointer is initialized by a call to the routine InitArea().

InitArea (&myRastPort, &areabuffer, count);

To use area fill, you must first provide a work space in memory for the system to store the list
of points that define your area. You must allow a storage space of 5 bytes per vertex. To
create the areas in the work space, you use the functions AreaMove(), AreaDraw/(), and

AreaEnd().

Typically, you prepare the RastPort for area-filling using a sequence like the following:

UWORD areabuffer [250];

/* allow up to 100 vertices in the definition of an area * /
InitArea (&myRastPort, &areabuffer(0], 100);

The area buffer must start on a word boundary. That is why the sample declaration shows
areabuffer as composed of unsigned words (250), rather than unsigned bytes (500). It still
reserves the same amount of space, but aligns the data space correctly.

In addition to the AreaInfo structure in the RastPort, you must also provide the system with
some work space to build the object whose vertices you are going to define. This requires that
you initialize a TmpRas structure, then point to that structure for your RastPort to use.

Here is sample code that builds and initializes a TmpRas. Note that the area to which
TmpRas.RasPtr points must be at least as large as the area (width times height) of the larg-
est rectangular region you plan to fill. Typically, you allocate a space as large as a single bit-

plane (usually 320 by 200 bits for low-resolution mode, 640 by 200 bits for high-resolution
mode).

PLANEPTR myplane;
myplane = AllocRaster(320,200); /* get some space */
if (myplane == 0) exit(1); /* stop if no space */
myRastPort. TmpRas= InitTmpRas(&myTmpRas,

my plane,RASSIZE(320,200));

When you use functions that dynamically allocate memory from the system, you must
remember to return these memory blocks to the system before your program exits. See the
description of FreeRaster() in the ‘Library Summaries” appendix.

Graphics Primitives 41

Graphics Element Pointer

The graphics element pointer in the RastPort structure is called GelsInfo. If you are doing
graphics animation using the GELS system, this pointer must refer to a properly initialized
GelsInfo structure. See chapter 3, ‘Animation,’ for more information.

Current Pen Position

The graphics drawing routines keep the current position of the drawing pen in the variables
cp_x and cp_y, for the horizontal and vertical positions, respectively. The coordinate location
0,0 is in the upper left corner of the drawing area. The x value increases proceeding to the
right; the y value increases proceeding toward the bottom of the drawing area.

Write Mask

The write mask is a RastPort variable that determines which of the bit-planes are currently
writable. For most applications, this variable contains all 1s (hex ff). This means that all bit-
planes defined in the BitMap are affected by a graphics writing operation. You can selectively

disable one or more bit-planes by simply specifying a O bit in that specific position in the control
byte. For example:

myRastPort.Mask = OxFB; /* disable bit-plane 2 */

USING THE GRAPHICS DRAWING ROUTINES

This section shows you how to use the Amiga drawing routines. All of these routines work
either on their own or with the windowing system and layer library. See chapter 2, ‘‘Layers,”’
or Intuition: The Amiga User Interface for details about using the layer library and windows.

As you read this section, keep in mind that to use the drawing routines, you need to pass them
a pointer to a RastPort. You can define the RastPort directly, as shown in the sample pro-

gram segments in preceding sections, or you can get a RastPort from your Window structure
using code like the following:

struct Window *w;
struct RastPort *usableRastPort;

/* and then, after your Window is initialized... */
usableRastPort —= w->RastPort;

42 Graphics Primitives

You can also get the RastPort from the layer structure, if you are not using Intuition.

Drawing Individual Pixels

You can set a specific pixel to a desired color by using a statement like this:

int result;
result = WritePixel( &myRastPort, x, y);

WritePixel() uses the primary drawing pen and changes the pixel at that x,y position to the

desired color if the x,y coordinate falls within the boundaries of the RastPort. A value of 0 is

returned if the write was successful; a value of -1 is returned if x,y was outside the range of the
RastPort.

Reading Individual Pixels

You can determine the color of a specific pixel with a statement like this:

int result;
result = ReadPixel( &myRastPort, x, y);

ReadPixel() returns the value of the pixel color selector (from 0 to 255) at the specified x,y

location. If you specify an x,y outside the range of your RastPort, this function returns a
value of -1.

Drawing Lines

Two functions are associated with line drawing: Move() and Draw(). Move() simply moves
the cursor to a new position. It is like picking up a drawing pen and placing it at a new loca-
tion. This function is executed by the statement:

Move( &myRastPort, x, y);

Draw() draws a line from the current x,y position to a new x,y position specified in the state-
ment itself. The drawing pen is left at the new position. This is done by the statement:

Draw( &myRastPort, x, y);

Graphics Primitives 43

Draw() uses the pen color specified for FgPen. Here is a sample sequence that draws a red
line from location (0,0) to (100,50). Assume that the value in color register 2 represents red.

SetAPen( &myRastPort, 2); /* make primary pen red */
Move( &myRastPort, 0, 0); /* move to new location */
Draw( &myRastPort, 100,50); /* draw to a new location */

Caution: If you attempt to draw a line outside the bounds of the BitMap, using
the basic initialized RastPort, you may crash the system. You must either do your
own software clipping to assure that the line is in range, or use the layer library.
Software clipping means that you need to determine if the line will fall outside your
BitMap before you draw it.

Drawing Patterned Lines

To turn the example above into a patterned line draw, simply add the following statement:

SetDrPt( &myRastPort, Oxaaaa);

Now all lines drawn appear as dotted lines. To resume drawing solid lines, execute the
statement:

SetDrPt( &myRastPort, -1);

Drawing Multiple Lines with a Single Command

You can use multiple Draw() statements to draw connected line figures. If the shapes are all
definable as interconnected, continuous lines, you can use a simpler function, called

PolyDraw(). PolyDraw() takes a set of line endpoints and draws a shape using these points.
You call PolyDraw() with the statement:

PolyDraw( &myRastPort, count, arraypointer);

PolyDraw() reads an array of points and draws a line from the current pen position to the
first, then a connecting line to each succeeding position in the array until count points have
been drawn. This function uses the current drawing mode, pens, line pattern, and write mask
specified in the target RastPort; for example:

44 Graphics Primitives

SHORT linearray[ ] = {
3,3,
15,3,
15,15,
3,15,
3,3
}3

PolyDraw( &myRastPort, 5, &linearray (0);

draws a rectangle, using the five defined pairs of x,y coordinates.

Area-fill Operations

Assuming that you have properly initialized your RastPort structure to include a properly ini-
tialized AreaInfo, you can perform area fill by using the functions described in this section.

AreaMove() tells the system to begin a new polygon, closing off any other polygon that may
already be in process by connecting the end-point of the previous polygon to its starting point.
AreaMove() is executed with the statement:

AreaMove( &myRastPort, x, y);

AreaDraw/() tells the system to add a new vertex to a list that it is building. No drawing
takes place when AreaDraw() is executed. It is executed with the statement:

AreaDraw( &myRastPort, x, y);

AreaEnd() tells the system to draw all of the defined shapes and fill them. When this function
is executed, it obeys the drawing mode and uses the line pattern and area pattern specified in
your RastPort to render the objects you have defined. Note that to fill an area, you do not
have to AreaDraw() back to the first point before calling AreaEnd(). AreaEnd() automati-
cally closes the polygon. AreaEnd() is executed with the following statement:

AreaEnd( &myRastPort);

Here is a sample program segment that includes the ArealInfo initialization. It draws a pair of
disconnected triangles, using the currently defined FgPen, BgPen, AOlPen, DrawMode,
LinePtrn, and AreaPtrn:

WORD areabuffer[250];
struct RastPort *rp;

Graphics Primitives 45

struct TmpRas tmpras;
struct AreaInfo myArealInfo;

InitArea(&myArealInfo, areabuffer, 100);
rp- >ArealInfo = &myArealInfo;
rp->TmpRas = InitTmpRas( &tmpras, AllocRaster(320,200), RASSIZE(320,200);

/* Area routines need a temporary raster buffer at least as large as the

* largest object to be drawn. If a single task uses multiple RastPorts,

* it is sometimes possible to share the same TmpRas structure among

* multiple RastPorts. Multiple tasks, however, cannot share a TmpRas,
* as each task won’t know when another task has a drawing partially

* completed.

*/

AreaMove{( rp, 0,0 );
AreaDraw( rp, 0,100);
AreaDraw( rp, 100,100);

AreaMove( rp, 50,10);
AreaDraw/( rp, 50,50);
AreaDraw( rp, 100,50);
AreaEnd (rp );
If you had executed the statement “SetOPen( &myRastPort, 3)” in the area-fill example, then

the areas that you had defined would have been outlined in pen color 3. To turn off the outline
function, you have to set the RastPort Flags variable back to 0 by:

#include ” graphics/gfxmacros.h”
BNDRYOFF(&myRastPort);

Otherwise, every subsequent area-fill or rectangle-fill operation will use the outline pen.

Caution: If you attempt to fill an area outside the bounds of the BitMap, using the
basic initialized RastPort, it may crash the system. You must either do your own
software clipping to assure that the area is in range, or use the layer library.

46 Graphics Primitives

Flood-fill Operations

Flood fill is a technique for filling an arbitrary shape with a color. The Amiga flood-fill routines

can use a plain color or do the fill using a combination of the drawing mode, FgPen, BgPen,
and the area pattern.

There are two different modes for flood fill:

o In outline mode you specify an x,y coordinate, and from that point the system searches
outward in all directions for a pixel whose color is the same as that specified in the area
outline pen. All horizontally or vertically adjacent pixels not of that color are filled
with a colored pattern or plain color. The fill stops at the outline color. Outline mode
is selected when the mode variable is a 0.

o In color mode you specify an x,y coordinate, and whatever pixel color is found at that
position defines the area to be filled. The system searches for all horizontally or verti-
cally adjacent pixels whose color is the same as this one and replaces them with the
colored pattern or plain color. Color mode is selected when the mode variable is a 1.

You use the Flood() routine for flood fill. The syntax for this routine follows.

Flood( rp, mode, x, y);

where
rp is a pointer to the RastPort
x,y is the starting coordinate in the BitMap

mode tells how to do the fill

The following sample program fragment creates and then flood-fills a triangular region. The
overall effect is exactly the same as shown in the preceding area-fill example above, except that
flood-fill is slightly slower than area-fill. Mode 0 (fill to a pixel that has the color of the outline
pen) is used in the example.

Graphics Primitives 47

oldAPen = myRastPort.FgPen;

SetAPen( &myRastPort, myRastPort.AOl]Pen);
/* using mode 0 */

/* triangular shape */

Move( &myRastPort, 0, 0);

Draw( &myRastPort, 0, 100);

Draw( &myRastPort, 100, 100);

Draw( &myRastPort, 0,0); /* close it */

SetAPen( &myRastPort, oldAPen);
Flood(&myRastPort, 0, 10, 50);

This example saves the current FgPen value and draws the shape in the same color as

AO}Pen. Then FgPen is restored to its original color so that FgPen, BgPen, DrawMode,
and AreaPtrn can be used to define the fill within the outline.

Rectangle-fill Operations

The final fill function, RectFill(), is for filling rectangular areas. The form of this function
follows:

RectFill( rp, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
where

xmin and ymin
represent the upper left corner of the rectangle

xmax and ymax
represent the lower right corner of the rectangle

rp points to the RastPort that receives the filled rectangle

Rectangle-fill uses FgPen, BgPen, AO]Pen, DrawMode and AreaPtrn to fill the area you
specify. Remember that the fill can be multicolored as well as single- or two-colored.

The following three sets of statements perform exactly the same function:

48 Graphics Primitives

/* area-fill a rectangular area */
SetAPen(rp,1);

SetOPen(rp,3);
AreaMove(rp,0,0);
AreaDraw(rp,0,100);
AreaDraw(rp,100,100);
AreaDraw(rp,100,0);
AreaEnd(rp);

/* flood-fill a rectangular area */
SetAPen(rp,3);

SetOPen(rp,3);

Move(rp,0,0);

Draw/(rp,0,100);
Draw/(rp,100,100);
Draw/(rp,100,0);

Draw(rp,0,0);

SetAPen(rp,1);
Flood(rp,0,50,50);

/* rectangle-fill a rectangular area */
SetAPen(rp,1);

SetOPen(rp,3);
Rectfill(rp,0,0,100,100);

Not only is the RectFill() routine the shortest, it is also the fastest to execute.

Data Move Operations

The graphics support functions include several routines for simplifying the handling of the rec-
tangularly organized data that you would encounter when doing raster-based graphics. These
routines do the following:

Graphics Primitives 49

o Clear an entire segment of memory

o Set araster to a specific color

o Scroll a subrectangle of a raster

o Draw a pattern ‘“‘through a stencil”

o Extract a pattern from a bit-packed array and draw it into a raster
o Copy rectangular regions from one bit-map to another

o Control and utilize the hardware-based data mover, the blitter

The following sections cover these routines in detail.

Clearing a Memory Area

For memory that is accessible to the blitter (that is, internal CHIP memory), the most efficient
way to clear a range of memory is to use the blitter. You use the blitter to clear a block of
memory with the statement:

BltClear( memblock, bytecount, flags);

where memblock is a pointer to the location of the first byte to be cleared, and bytecount is
the number of bytes to set to zero.

This command accepts the starting location and count and clears that block to zeros. For the
meanings of settings of the flags variable, see the summary page for this routine in the “Library
Summaries”’ appendix.

Setting a Whole Raster to a Color

You can preset a whole raster to a single color by using the function SetRast(). A call to this
function takes the following form:

SetRast( RastPort, pen);

where

50 Graphics Primitives

RastPort
is a pointer to the RastPort you wish to use

pen

is the pen value that you wish to fill that RastPort

Scrolling a Sub-rectangle of a Raster

You can scroll a sub-rectangle of a raster in any direction—up, down, left, right, or diagonally.
To perform a scroll, you use the ScrollRaster() routine and specify a dx and dy (delta-x,
delta-y) by which the rectangle image should be moved towards the (0,0) location.

As a result of this operation, the data within the rectangle will become physically smaller by the
size of delta-x and delta-y, and the area vacated by the data when it has been cropped and

moved is filled with the background color (color in BgPen).

Here is the syntax of the ScrollRaster() function:

ScrollRaster( rp, dx, dy, xmin, ymin, xmas, ymax );
where
rp is a pointer to a RastPort

dx, dy

are the distances (positive, 0, or negative) to move the rectangle

xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax
specify the outer bounds of the sub-rectangle

Here are some examples that scroll a sub-rectangle:

/* scroll down 2 */
ScrollRaster(&my RastPort,0,2,10,10,50,50);

/* scroll right 1 */
ScrollRaster(&myRastPort,1,0,10,10,50,50);

Graphics Primitives 51

Drawing through a Stencil

The routine BltPattern() allows you to change only a very selective portion of a drawing area.
Basically, this routine lets you define the rectangular region to be affected by this drawing
operation and a mask of the same size that defines how that area will be affected.

Figure 1-17 shows an example of what you can do with BltPattern(). The 0 bits are
represented by blank rectangles; the 1 bits by filled-in rectangles.

Mask contains: Result of BitPattern(): Drawing area contains:

Figure 1-17: Example of Drawing Through a Stencil
In the “Result”? drawing, the lighter squares show where the target drawing area has been
affected. Exactly what goes into the drawing area where the mask has 1’s is determined by your
FgPen, BgPen, DrawMode, and AreaPtrn.
The variables that control this function are:
rastport a pointer to the drawing area

mask a pointer to the mask (mask layout explained below)

xl, maxx upover left corner x, and lower right corner x

52 Graphics Primitives

yl, maxy upper left corner y, and lower right corner y

bytecnt number of bytes per row for the mask (must be an even number of bytes)

You call BltPattern() with:

BltPattern( rastport, mask, xl, yl, maxx, maxy, bytecnt)

The mask parameter is a rectangularly organized, contiguously stored pattern. This means

that the pattern is stored in linearly increasing memory locations stored as (maxy - yl) rows of
bytecnt bytes per row.

Note: These patterns must obey the same rules as BitMaps. This means that they must con-
sist of an even number of bytes per row. For example, a mask such as:

0100001000000000
0010010000000000
0001 1 00000000000
0010010000000000

is stored in memory beginning at a legal word address.

Extracting from a Bit-packed Array

You use the routine BltTemplate() to extract a rectangular area from a source area and place
it into a destination area. Figure 1-18 shows an example.

Graphics Primitives 53

Array start:
line end+1

Character starts n-bits in from starting point
on the left edge of the array.

Figure 1-18: Example of Extracting from a Bit-Packed Array

If the rectangular bit array is to be represented as a rectangle within a larger, rectangularly
organized bit array, the system must know how the larger array is organized. This allows the
system to extract each line of the object properly. For this extraction to occur properly, you
need to tell the system the modulo for the array. The modulo is the value that must be added

to the address pointer so that it points to the correct word in the next line in this rectangularly
organized array.

Figure 1-19 represents a single bit-plane and the smaller rectangle to be extracted. The modulo
in this instance is 4, because at the end of each line, you must add 4 to the address pointer to
make it point to the first word in the smaller rectangle.

<t——_—_—_———- Larger source
bit-plane image

Smaller rectangle

to be extracted.

Figure 1-19: Modulo

54 Graphics Primitives

Note that the modulo value must be an even number of bytes.

BltTemplate() takes the following arguments:

source the source pointer for the array
srcX source X (bit position) in the array at which the rectangle begins
srcMod source modulo so it can find the next part of the source rectangle

destRastPort the destination RastPort
destX, destY destination x and y, showing where to put the rectangle

sizeX,sizeY size x and y, indicating how much data to move

You call BltTemplate() with:

Blt Template( source, srcX, srcMod, destRastPort, destX, destY, sizeX, sizeY );

Blt Template() uses FgPen, BgPen, DrawMode and Mask to place the template into the
destination area. This routine differs from BltPattern() in that only a solid color is deposited
in the destination drawing area, with or without a second solid color as the background (as in
the case of text). Also, the template can be arbitrarily bit-aligned and sized in x.

Copying Rectangular Areas

Two routines copy’ rectangular areas from one_ section of chip memory to
another: BltBitMap() and ClipBlit(). BltBitMap() is the basic routine, taking BitMaps as
part of its arguments. It allows you to define a rectangle in a source region and copy it to a

destination area of the same size elsewhere in memory. This routine is often used in graphics
rendering.

ClipBlit() takes most of the same arguments, but it works with the RastPorts and layers.
Before ClipBlit() moves data, it looks at the area from which and to which the data is being
copied (RastPorts, not BitMaps) and determines if there are overlapping areas involved. It

then splits up the overall operation into a number of bit maps to move the data in the way you
request.

Here is a sample call to ClipBlit(). This call is used in an image editor to transfer a rectangu-
lar block of data from the screen to a back-up area.

Graphics Primitives 55

ClipBlit( &rastport, /* on-screen area */
x,y, /* upper left corner of rectangle */
&undorastport, /* screen editor can undo things, has
* a RastPort specifically for undo */

0,0, /* upper left corner of destination */
SIZEx ,SIZEy /* how big is the rectangle * /
minterm);

The minterm variable is an unsigned byte value whose leftmost 4 bits represent the action to
be performed during the move. This routine uses the blitter device to move the data and can
therefore logically combine or change the data as the move is made. The most common opera-
tion is a direct copy from source area to destination, which is the hex value CO.

You can determine how to set the minterm variable by using the logic equations shown in
table 1-5.

Table 1-5: Minterm Logic Equations

Logic Term Logic Term Included
in Leftmost 4 Bits in Final Output
8 BC
4 BC
2 BC
1 BC

Source B contains the data from the source rectangle, and source C contains the data from the
destination area. If you choose bits 8 and 4 from the logic terms (CO), in the final destination

area you will have data that occurs in source B only. Thus, CO means a direct copy. The logic
equation for this 1s:

BC + BC=B(C +C)=B

Logic equations may be used to decide on a number of different ways of moving the data. For
your convenience, a few of the most common ones are listed in table 1-6.

56 Graphics Primitives

Table 1-6: Some Common Logic Equations for Copying

Hex
Value Mode
30 Replace destination area with inverted source B.
50 Replace destination area with inverted version

of original of destination.
60 Put B where C is not, put C where B is not (cookie cut).

80 Only put bits into destination where there is
a bit in the same position for both source
and destination (sieve operation).

Refer to the listing for BItBitMap() in the “Library Summaries” index.

Accessing the Blitter in a Multitasking Environment

To use the blitter, you must first be familiar with how its registers control its operation. This
topic is covered thoroughly in the Amzga Hardware Reference Manual and is not repeated here.

Four routines may be used to gain access to the blitter:

o OwnBlitter() allows your task to obtain exclusive use of the blitter. Note, however,
that the system uses the blitter extensively for disk and display operation. While your
task is using the blitter, many other system processes will be locked out. Therefore, use
it only for brief periods and relinquish it as quickly as possible, using DisownBlitter().

o DisownBlitter() returns the device to shared operation.

o QBlit() and QBSBlit() let your task queue up requests for the use of the blitter on a
non-exclusive basis. You share the blitter with system tasks.

You provide a data structure called a bltnode (blitter node). The system can use this structure
to link blitter usage requests into a first-in, first-out (FIFO) queue. When your turn comes,

your own blitter routine can be repeatedly called until your routine says it is finished using the
blitter.

Two separate queues are formed. One queue is for the QBlit() routine. You use QBlit() when
you simply want something done and you do not necessarily care when it happens. This may
be the case when you are moving data in a memory area that is not currently being displayed.

Graphics Primitives 57

The second queue is maintained for QBSBlit(). QBS stands for “queue-beam-synchronized”
blitter operations. QBSBlit() forms a beam-synchronized FIFO. When the video beam gets to
a predetermined position, your routine is called. Beam synchronization takes precedence over
the simple FIFO. This means that if the beam sync matches, the beam-synchronous blit will be
done before the non-synchronous blit in the first position in the queue. You might use
QBSBlit() to draw into an area of memory that is currently being displayed to modify memory

that has already been ‘“‘passed-over’”’ by the video beam. This avoids display flicker as an area
is being updated.

The input to each routine is a pointer to a bltnode data structure. The required items of the
data structure are:

o A pointer to a bltnode
o A pointer to a function to perform
o <A beamsync value (used if this is a beamsync blit)

o A status flag indicating whether the blitter control should perform a ‘‘clean-up”’ routine
when the last blit is finished

o The address of the clean-up routine if the status flag states that it should be used

The bltnode data structure is contained in the include file hardware/blit.h. Here is a copy of
that data structure, followed by details about the items you must initialize:

struct bltnode

{

struct bltnode *n;
int (*function)( );
char stat;

short blitsize;

short beamsync;

int (*cleanup)( );

}3
The contents of bltnode are as follows:

struct bltnode *n;

This is a pointer to the next bltnode, which, for most applications will be zero. You
should not link bltnodes together. This is to be performed by the system by way of a
separate call to QBlit() or QBSBIit().

58 Graphics Primitives

int (*function)( );

This position is occupied by the address of a function that the blitter queuer will call
when your turn comes up. Your routine must be formed as a subroutine, with an RTS
at the end. Using the C-language convention, the returned value will be in DO (C
returns its value by the return(value) statement).

If you return a nonzero value, the system will call your routine the next time the blitter
is done until you finally return 0. This is to allow you to maintain control over the
blitter; for example, it allows you to handle all five bit-planes if you are blitting an
object that spans that number of planes. For display purposes, if you are blitting mul-
tiple objects and then saving and restoring the background, you must be sure that all
planes of the object are positioned before another object is overlaid. This is the reason
for the lockup in the blitter queue; it allows all work per object to be completed before
going on to the next one.

Actually, the system tests the status codes for a condition of KQUAL or NOTEQUAL.
When the C language returns the value of 0, it sets the status codes to EQUAL. When
it returns a value of -1, it sets the status codes to NOTEQUAL, so they would be com-
patible. Functions (*function)()) that are written for QBlit() and QBSBIlit() are not
normally written in C. They are usually written in assembly language, as they then can
take advantage of the ability of the queue routines to pass them parameters in the sys-
tem registers. The register passing conventions for these routines are as follows:

o Register AO receives a pointer to the system hardware registers so that all hardware
registers can be referenced as an offset from that address.

o Register Al contains a pointer to the current bltnode. You may have queued up
multiple blits, each of which perhaps uses the same blitter routine. You can access
the data for this particular operation as an offset from the value in Al. A typical
user of these routines will precalculate the hardware register values that are stuffed
into the registers and, during the routine, simply stuff them. For example, you can
create a new structure such as the following:

Graphics Primitives 59

struct myblit {

struct bltnode; /* make this new structure

* compatible with the bltnode

* by making it the first element */
short bltcon1; /* contents to be stuffed into

*« blitter control register 1 */
short fwmask,lwmask;

/* first and last word masks */
short bltmdc, bltmdb, bltmda;

/* modulos for sources a, b,and c */
char *bltpta, *bltptb, *bltptc;

/* pointer to source data for sources */

}3

Other forms of data structures are certainly possible, but this should give you the gen-
eral idea.

char stat;

Tells the system whether or not to execute the clean-up routine at the end. This byte
should be set to CLEANUP (0x40) if cleanup is to be performed. If not, then the
bltnode cleanup variable can be zero.

short beamsync;

The value that should be in the VBEAM counter for use during a beam-synchronous
blit before the function() is called.

The system cooperates with you in planning when to start a blit in the routine
QBSBIlit() by not calling your routine until, for example, the video beam has already
passed by the area on the screen into which you are writing. This is especially useful
during single buffering of your displays. There may be time enough to write the object
between scans of the video display. You will not be visibly writing while the beam is
trying to scan the object. This avoids flicker (part of an old view of an object along
with part of a new view of the object).

int (*cleanup)();

The address of a routine that is to be called after your last return from the QBIlit()
routine. When you finally return a zero, the queuer will call this subroutine (ends in
RTS or return()) as the clean-up. Your first entry to the function may have dynami-
cally allocated some memory or may have done something that must be undone to
make for a clean exit. This routine must be specified.

60 Graphics Primitives

User Copper Lists

The Copper coprocessor allows you to produce mid-screen changes in certain hardware registers
in addition to changes that the system software already provides. For example, it is the Copper

that allows the Amiga to split the viewing area into multiple draggable screens, each with its
own independent set of colors.

To create your own mid-screen (or mid-Intuition-Screen) effects on the system hardware regis-
ters, you provide “user Copper lists” that can be merged into the system Copper lists.

In the ViewPort data structure there is a pointer named UCopIns. If this pointer value is
non-NULL, it points to a user Copper list that you have dynamically allocated and initialized to

contain your own special hardware-stuffing instructions. You allocate a user Copper list by an
instruction sequence such as the following:

struct UCopList *cl;
cl = (struct UCopList *)
AllocMem(sizeof(struct UCopList), MEMF_PUBLIC |
MEMF_CHIP | MEMF_CLEAR);
Once this pointer to a user Copper list is available, you can use it with system macros
(graphics/gfxmacros.h) to instruct the system what to add to its own list of things for the
Copper to do within a specific ViewPort.

The file graphics/gfrmacros.h provides the following three macro functions that implement user
Copper instructions.

CWAIT waits for the video beam to reach a particular horizontal and vertical position. Its
format follows:

CWAIT(uc, v, h)
where
uc is the pointer to the Copper list

vis the vertical position for which to wait, specified relative to the top of the ViewPort.
The legal range of values is from 0 to 261.

his the horizontal position for which to wait. The legal range of values is from 0 to 223

Graphics Primitives 61

CMOVE installs a particular value into a specified system register. Its format follows:

CMOVE(uc, reg, value)

where
uc is the pointer to the Copper list
reg is the register to be affected, specified in this form form: ‘‘custom.register’’ (see

hardware/custom.h)

CEND terminates the user Copper list. Its format follows:

CEND(uc)
where uc is the pointer to the user Copper list.

Executing any of the user Copper list macros causes the system to dynamically allocate special
data structures called intermediate Copper lists that are linked into your user Copper list (the
list to which cl points) describing the operation. When you call the function
MakeVPort(&view, &viewport) as shown in the section called ‘Forming A Basic Display,”
the system uses all of its intermediate Copper lists to sort and merge together the real Copper
lists for the system (LOFCprList and SHFCprList).

When your program exits, you must return to the system all of the memory that you allocated
or caused to be allocated. This means that you must return the intermediate Copper lists, as

well as the user Copper list data structure. Here are two different methods for returning this
memory to the system.

/* Returning memory to the system if you have NOT
* obtained the viewport from Intuition. */

FreeVPortCopLists(&viewport);

/* Returning memory to the system if you HAVE
* obtained the viewport from Intuition. */

CloseScreen(screen); /* Intuition only */

62 Graphics Primitives

The example program below shows the use of user Copper lists under Intuition.

/* User-Copper-Lists Demo Program ... changes the background color
* In mid-screen.

a

#define WINDOWGADGETS (WINDOWSIZING|WINDOWDRAG|
WINDOWDEPTH|WINDOWCLOSE)

#define WWIDTH 120

#define WHEIGHT 90

#define MAXINT OxFFFFFFFF

#include ” exec/types.h”

#include ”exec/memory.h”
#include <graphics/gfxmacros.h >
#include <graphics/copper.h>
#include ” intuition /intuition.h”
#include <hardware/custom.h >

extern struct Window *OpenWindow();
extern struct Screen +*OpenScreen();

long IntuitionBase—0;
long GfxBase—0;

/* use the 40/80 column font for this test */
struct TextAttr TestFont = {
*topaz.font”, 8, 0, 0

i

struct NewScreen ns = {

0, 0, /* start position */
320, 200, 4, /* width, height, depth */
0, 1, /* detail pen, block pen */
0, /* viewing mode */

CUSTOMSCREEN, /* screen type */
&TestFont, /* font to use */

”Test Screen”, /* default title for screen */

NULL /* pointer to additional gadgets */

hi

extern struct Custom custom;
/* provides a way to get to the base of the custom chips * /

Graphics Primitives 63

main()

{

struct Window *w; /* pointer to a Window */
struct RastPort *rp; /* pointer to a RastPort */
struct ViewPort *vp; /* pointer to a ViewPort */
struct UCopList *cl; /* user Copper list and a pointer to it. */

struct Screen *screen;

GfxBase = OpenLibrary(” graphics. library”, 0);
if (GfxBase —— NULL)

{

}

IntuitionBase = OpenLibrary(” intuition.library”, 0);
if (IntuitionBase == NULL)

exit(1000);

CloseLibrary(GfxBase);
exit(2000);
}

screen = OpenScreen(&ns);
if(!screen)

{
}

else

{

goto cleanup;

vp = &screen- > ViewPort;
rp = &screen- >RastPort;

}

/* v1.1 initialization, just use CINIT for v1.2 */

/* In this case, although WE allocated the memory for the user Copper list,
* the SYSTEM (Intuition) deallocates it when the custom screen is closed.
* Therefore there is no corresponding FreeMem() in this sample program.

cl = AllocMem(sizeof(struct UCopList), MEMF_PUBLIC|MEMF_CLEAR);

CWAIT(cl1,100,0); /* wait till middle of screen */
CMOVE(cl,custom.color|0|,0OxFFF); /* change background color */
CEND(cl);

/* Programmer can affect ANY of the system registers that the Copper has access to
* (see the Amiga Hardware Reference Manual) in this way. Simply note that the

* system may already be using these registers in some manner and that most of

* the system registers are either read-only or write-only, so you’ll have to be

64 Graphics Primitives

* careful about what you are trying to affect.
7

vp->UCopIns = cl;

Delay(50); /* wait one second before changing anything */
/* Now force a remake of the Copper list for all screens. */
RethinkDisplay();

Delay(100);
CloseScreen(screen);
cleanup:
CloseLibrary(Intuition Base);
CloseLibrary(GfxBase);

}

/* end of main() */

Advanced Graphics Examples

DUAL-PLAYFIELDS EXAMPLE

This example is almost identical to the single-playfield demonstration program earlier in this
chapter. It has been adapted to show a dual-playfield display with objects drawn in both
playfields. The single playfield wrote directly into the screen’s memory. This example adds a
RastPort so that rectangle-fill routines can be used.

#include <exec/types.h >
#include <graphics/gfx.h>
#include <graphics/gfxbase.h >
#include <hardware/dmabits.h>
#include <hardware/custom.h>
#include <graphics/gfxmacros.h >
#include <graphics/rastport.h >
#include <graphics/view.h >
#include <exec/exec.h>

#define DEPTH 2

#define WIDTH 320

#define HEIGHT 200

#define NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY -1000

Graphics Primitives 65

struct View v;

struct ViewPort vp;

struct ColorMap *cm; /* pointer to ColorMap structure, dynamic alloc */
struct RasInfo ri;

struct BitMap b;

/* added a second RasInfo for dual.playfield */
struct RasInfo ri2;
/* added a second BitMap for dual.playfield */
struct BitMap b2;

short 1,),k,n;
struct ColorMap *GetColorMap();
struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

/* black, red, green, blue,
* ignored, ignored, ignored, ignored,
* (transparent), purple, lime green, mauve */

USHORT colortable[| = {

0x000, Oxf00, OxOf0O, OxOOf,

0,0,0,0,

O, 0Ox495, 0x62a, Oxf9c
}
/* Nobody will see center set of 4 colors in this case because only two planes
* and dual-playfield mode. (In dualpf mode, colors 0-7 are dedicated to
* playfield 1, and 8-15 to playfield number 2. So since only 2 planes in each
* playfield, colors 4-7 and 12-15 won’t even get used in this example)

*/
UWORD ¥xcolorpalette;
/* added RastPorts for both bitmaps */

struct RastPort rp, rp2;
struct View *oldview; /* save and restore old View */

main()

{

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary(” graphics.library” ,O);
if (GfxBase == NULL) exit(1);

InitView(&v); _//* initialize View */

v.ViewPort = &vp;_ /* link View into ViewPort */
InitVPort(&vp); /* init ViewPort */

66 Graphics Primitives

/* now specify critical characteristics */
vp.DWidth = WIDTH;
vp.DHeight = HEIGHT;
vp.RasInfo = &ri;
vp.Modes = DUALPF | PFBA ; /* dual-playfield mode */

/* init bit map (for RasInfo and RastPort) */

InitBitMap( &b, DEPTH, WIDTH,HEIGHT);
/* (init RasInfo) */

n.BitMap = &b;

/* align upper left corners of display

* with upper left corner of drawing area */

ri.RxOffset = 0;

n.Ry Offset = 0;

/* 2K 2k 2K 2k ok 2k 2 aK 2K 2k 2k oc 2K 2 ok 2k ok 2k i 2K 2c i 2 ok ok 2 2 2k ok oe kK 2k 2k 2 oie ok 2 2k oe 2c ke 2 kc 2 ofc 2 2k 2c 2 oie ok 2c 2 oe 2 ok 2k ok + /
/* changed here for dual playfields */

InitBitMap( &b2, DEPTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

ri.Next = &ri2;

ri2.BitMap = &b2;

ri2.RxOffset = 0;

n2.RyOffset = 0;

ri2.Next = 0;

/* Ke 2k 2k 2k ke 2k 2 2 2 2c 2 ke 6K 2 2K 2K 2 a 2K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2k 2 2 a 2k kc kee kc 2c 2c 2k 2 2 2 2K EK cc 2c ke 2c 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ok kc oc 2 a 2c 2 2k + /

/* (init color table) */
cm = GetColorMap(12); —/* 12 entries, since dual playfields */
colorpalette = cm->ColorTable;
for(i=0; 1<12; i++)

{
}

*colorpalette++ = colortable|il;

/* copy my colors into this data structure */
vp.ColorMap = cm; _ /* link it with the ViewPort */

/* allocate space for BitMap */
for(i=0; i<DEPTH; i++)

b.Planes[i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster( WIDTH,HEIGHT);
if(b.Planes[i] =— NULL) exit(NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);

b2.Planes|i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster(WIDTH,HEIGHT);
if(b2.Planes[{i] =— NULL) exit(NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);

/* Initialize the RastPorts and link them to the bitmaps */

Graphics Primitives 67

InitRastPort(&rp);
InitRastPort(&rp2);
rp.BitMap = &b;
rp2.BitMap = &b2;

MakeVPort( &v, &vp ); /* construct Copper instr (prelim) list */

MrgCop( &v ); /* merge prelim lists together into a real
* Copper list in the View structure. */
SetRast(&rp,0); /* simpler form of setting drawing area to 0 */

SetRast(&rp2,0);

oldview = GfxBase->ActiView; /* save current view to restore later */
/* example steals screen from Intuition if started from WBench */

Load View(&v);

/* Now fill some boxes so that user can see something */
/* first playfield */
SetAPen(&rp,1);

RectFill( &rp,20,20,200, 100);
SetAPen(&rp,2);
RectFill(&rp,40,40,220, 120);
SetAPen(&rp,3);
RectFill(&rp,60,60,240, 140);
/* second playfield */
SetAPen(&rp2,1);

RectFill( &rp2,50,90,245,180);
SetAPen(&rp2,2);
RectFill(&rp2,70,70,265, 160);
SetAPen(&rp2,3);
RectFill(&rp2,90,10,285,148);

/* Now tear some holes in the playfield so user can see that foreground
* area of playfield 2 (called PFB also) is transparent in any area
* where it has a color value of 0

+)

SetAPen(&rp2,0);
RectFill( &rp2,110,15,130,175);
RectFill( &rp2,175,15,200,175);

Delay(300); /* uses AmigaDOS function... delay 5 seconds */
LoadView(oldview); /* Put Intuition’s View back again */
WaitTOF(); /* wait for Intuition View to return */
FreeMemory(); /* and exit gracefully */

CloseLibrary(GfxBase);

68 Graphics Primitives

\ /* end of main() */

FreeMemory()

{ /* return user and system-allocated memory to sys manager */

for(i=0; i< DEPTH; i++) /* free the drawing area */
{
FreeRaster(b.Planes|i], WIDTH,HEIGHT);
FreeRaster(b2.Planes|i|, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

FreeColorMap(cm); /* free the color map */
/* free dynamically created structures */
FreeVPortCopLists(&vp);

FreeCprList(v.LOFCprList);

return(0);

HOLD-AND-MODIFY MODE EXAMPLE

This example demonstrates the Amiga’s hold-and-modify mode, showing at all times a different
subset of 256 of the 4,096 colors available on the Amiga. At any moment, no two squares are
the same color.

PERE BORO EOFS aI III III I ACI I a II IR A AAR. /
* Rob Peck -- November 5, 1985

* Bob Pariseau -- November 10, 1985 (Rework for tutorial)
JESS dda S SESS S ACHES ESBS ISSA BESS SSSI I IRR E K /

#include <exec/types.h >
#include <intuition/intuition.h>
#include <intuition/intuitionbase.h >

#define XSIZE 11 /* Color box sizes */
#define YSIZE 6

struct GfxBase *GfxBase; /* Export the library pointers */
struct IntuitionBase *IntuitionBase;

struct RastPort *rp; /* Graphics structures */
struct ViewPort *VD;

struct TextAttr TestFont =

{

*topaz.font”, /* Standard system font */

Graphics Primitives 69

hh)
struct Window *w; /* Intuition structures */
struct Screen *screen;

struct IntuiMessage *message;

struct NewScreen ns = {
O, 0, /* start position */
320, 200,6, /* width, height, depth */
0, 1, /* detail pen, block pen */
HAM, /* Hold and Modify ViewMode */
CUSTOMSCREEN, /* screen type */
&TestFont, /* font to use */
” 256 different out of 4096”, /* default title for screen */
NULL _/* pointer to additional gadgets */

i
struct NewWindow nw = {
O, 11, /* start position */
320, 186, /* width, height */
-1, -1, /* detail pen, block pen */

MOUSEBUTTONS|CLOSEWINDOW, /* IDCMP flags */
ACTIVATE|WINDOWCLOSE, /* window flags */

NULL, /* pointer to first user gadget */
NULL, /* pointer to user checkmark */
*colors at any given moment”, /* window title */
NULL, /* pointer to screen (set below) */
NULL, /* pointer to superbitmap */

0, 0, 320, 186, /* ignored since not sizeable */
CUSTOMSCREEN __/* type of screen desired */

iD

LONG squarecolor|16 * 16], freecolors|4096-(16*16)|;
SHORT squares|16 * 16];
SHORT xpos(16], ypos(16];

char *number|| = {
”0”, mules ah ae i a 74”, Or POG; ea Os ”Q”
” A”, Peg ee *D”, a ie >”

bi

SHORT sStop, cStop, sequence;
BOOL textneeded;

70 Graphics Primitives

main()

{

ULONG lass;
USHORT code, 1;
BOOL wheelmode;

for(i=0; 1<16; i++) /* establish color square positions */
{

xpos|i] = (XSIZE + 4) * i + 20;

ypos|i] = (YSIZE + 3) * i+ 21,

j

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary(” graphics.library” , 0);
if (GfxBase === NULL) exit(100);

IntuitionBase = (struct IntuitionBase *)OpenLibrary(” intuition. library”, 0);
if (IntuitionBase == NULL)

CloseLibrary(GfxBase);
exit(200);

}

screen = (struct Screen *)OpenScreen(&ns);

if (screen === NULL)

CloseLibrary(IntuitionBase);

CloseLibrary(GfxBase);
exit(300);
nw.screen = screen; /* open window in our new screen */

w = (struct Window *)OpenWindow(&nw);
if (w = NULL)

CloseScreen(screen);
CloseLibrary(IntuitionBase);
CloseLibrary(GfxBase);
exit(400);

j

vp = &screen- > ViewPort; /* Set colors in screen’s VP */
rp = w->RPort; /* Render into the window’s RP */

/* Set the color registers: Black, Red, Green, Blue, White */

Graphics Primitives 71

)

SetRGB4(vp, 0, 00, 00, 00)
SetRGB4(vp, 1, 15, 00, 00):
SetRGB4(vp, 2, 00, 15, 00);
);

SetRGB4(vp, 3, 00, 00, 15
SetRGB4(vp, 4, 15, 15, 15

)

}

SetBPen(rp, 0); /* Insure clean text */
textneeded —= TRUE;
wheelmode = TRUE; //* Start with Color Wheel display */

for (i,j) {
{ /* Process any and all messages in the queue, then update the display
* colors once, then come back here to look at the queue again. If you
* see a left-mouse-button-down event, then switch display modes. If you
* see a Close-Window-gadget event, then clean up and exit the program.
* NOTE: This is a BUSY LOOP so the colors will cycle as quickly as possible.
Ke
/

while((message = (struct IntuiMessage *)GetMsg(w- > UserPort)) !== NULL)

{

class = message- > Class;
code == message- >Code;
ReplyMsg(message); /* Can’t reply until done using it! */

if(class =— CLOSEWINDOW) /* Exit the program */

CloseWindow(w);
CloseScreen(screen);
CloseLibrary(IntuitionBase);
CloseLibrary(GfxBase);
exit(0);

}
if(class =— MOUSEBUTTONS && code == SELECTDOWN) /* swap modes */
wheelmode = NOT wheelmode;

SetAPen(rp, 0); /* Clear the drawing area */
SetDrMd(rp, JAM1);
RectFill(rp, 3, 12, 318, 183);
textneeded = TRUE;
}
}
if(wheelmode) colorWheel(); else colorFull();

j

72 Graphics Primitives

colorFull() /* Display a randomized set of colors */
{

SHORT sChoice, cChoice, usesquare;

LONG usecolor;

if(textneeded) /* First call since mode change? */
{
prompt();
sStop = 255; /* Top of list of squares yet to change */
cStop = 4095 - 256; /* Top of list of colors still needing use */

for(usecolor=0; usecolor <256; usecolor++) /* Initialize colors */

{

usesquare — usecolor;

squares|usesquare| = usesquare;

squarecolor|usesquare] = usecolor;

hamBox(usecolor, xpos|usesquare % 16], ypos(usesquare / 16]);
j

for(usecolor=256; usecolor< 4095; usecolor++) /* Ones not yet used */

{
freecolors[usecolor - 256] = usecolor;
j
j

PAROS GOS FSCRIIGIGKIII I I a kkk
* Randomly choose next square to change such that all squares change color

* at least once before any square changes twice. squares(0| through squares

* [sStop| are the square numbers that have not yet changed in this pass.

* RangeRand(r) is an integer function provided in ”amiga.lib” that produces

* a random result in the range 0 to (r-1) given an integer r in the range 1 to 65535.
FSO OOO Soro aa OK OKO Oa I I a i kkk kak ak a ak ak ak ak /

sChoice = RangeRand(sStop + 1); /* Pick a remaining square */
usesquare = squares[sChoice]; /* Extract square number */
squares|sChoice] = squares|[sStop]; /* Swap it with sStop slot */
squares|sStop| = usesquare;

if(NOT sStop--) sStop = 255; /* Only one change per pass */

PERO OC OIC IC IG OC IGE ICICI aI A ACAI AK a a Aa

Graphics Primitives 73

* Randomly choose new color for selected square such that all colors are

* used once before any color is used again, and such that no two squares

* simultaneously have the same color. freecolors|0| through freecolors|cStop]|

* are the colors that have not yet been chosen in this pass. Note that

* the 256 colors in use at the end of the previous pass are not available

* for choice in this pass.

ASAE IGI RIA A ak ak kak ak ak ak ak /

cChoice = RangeRand(cStop + 1);

usecolor = freecolors|cChoice];

freecolors[cChoice] = freecolors|cStop];
freecolors|[cStop] = squarecolor[usesquare];
squarecolor|usesquare] = usecolor;

if(NOT cStop--) cStop = 4095 - 256;

hamBox(usecolor, xpos|usesquare % 16], ypos[usesquare / 16});

}

color Wheel() /* Display an ordered set of colors */

{
SHORT i, j;

if(textneeded)
prompt();

SetAPen(rp, 2); /* Green pen for green color numbers */
Move(rp, 260, ypos{15]+17);

Text(rp, ”Green”, 5);

for(i=0; 1<16; i++)

Move(rp, xpos|i]+3, ypos[{15]+17);
Text(rp, number|i], 1);

}

SetAPen(rp, 3); /* Blue pen for blue color numbers */
Move(rp, 4, 18);
Text(rp, ”Blue”, 4);
for(i=0; 1<16; i++)
{
Move(rp, 7, ypos(i]+6);
Text(rp, number|ij, 1);

}

74 Graphics Primitives

SetAPen(rp, 1); /* Red pen for red color numbers */
Move(rp, 271, 100);
Text(rp, ”Red”, 3);

sequence = QO;

}

SetAPen(rp, 1); /* Identify the red color in use */
SetDrMd(rp, JAM2);

Move(rp, 280, 115);

Text(rp, number|sequencel, 1);

for(j=0; }<16; j++) /* Update all of the squares */
for(i=0; i<16; i++)
hamBox((sequence< <8 | i< <4 | j), xpos|i], ypos|j]);

if(++sequence == 16) sequence=—0;

}

prompt() /* Display mode changing prompt */
{
SetDrMd(rp, JAM2);
SetAPen(rp, 4);
Move(rp, 23, 183);
Text(rp, ” [left mouse button = new mode]”, 30);
textneeded = FALSE;

}

FRB BSR OIRO IG IACOCCA CC CCI IA AE
* hamBox() -- routine to draw a colored box in Hold and Modify mode. Draws a
* box of size XSIZE by YSIZE with an upper left corner at (x,y). The

desired color is achieved in 3 steps on each horizontal line of the box.

First we set the red component, then the green, then the blue. We

achieve this by drawing a vertical line of Modify-Red, followed by a

vertical line of Modify-Green, followed by a rectangle of Modify-Blue.

Note that the resulting color for the first two vertical lines depends

upon the color(s) of the pixels immediately to the left of that

line. By the time we reach the rectangle we are assured of getting

(and maintaining) the desired color because we have set all 3

components (R, G, and B) straight from the bit map.

JeSC OOO SSS ACSC SCS SOCKS ECG SIO SG EGAI ISIE IIIA /
hamBox(color, x, y)

LONG color, x, y;

{

* &* &€* &* &* &* & FF

Graphics Primitives 75

SHORT oc;
SetDrMd(rp, JAM1); /* Establish Drawing Mode in RastPort */

c==((color & Oxf00)> >8); /* Extract desired Red color component. */
SetAPen(rp, c + 0x20); /* Hold G, B from previous pixel. Set R=n. */
Move(rp, x, y);

Draw(rp, x, y+ YSIZE);

Xa

c=((color & Oxf0)>>4); /* Extract desired Green color component. */
SetAPen(rp, c + 0x30); /* Hold R, B from previous pixel. Set G=n. */
Move(rp, x, y);

Draw(rp, x, y+ YSIZE);

a

c=(color & Oxf); /* Extract desired Blue color component.*/
SetAPen(rp, c + 0x10); /* Hold R, G from previous pixel. Set B=n. */
RectFill(rp, x, y, x + XSIZE-2, y+-YSIZE);

76 Graphics Primitives

Chapter 2

Layers

The layers library enables you to create displays containing overlapping display elements. This
chapter describes the layers library routines and how you use them in creating graphics.

Introduction

The layers library contains routines that do the following:

Layers 77

o Multiplex a BitMap among various tasks by creating “layers” in the BitMap

o Create separate writable BitMap areas, some portions of which may be in the common
(perhaps on-screen) BitMap, and some portions in an obscured area. In two modes,
called smart-refresh and superbitmap, graphics are rendered into both the obscured and
the non-obscured areas.

o Move, size or depth-arrange the layers, bringing obscured segments into a non-obscured
area,

Tasks can create layers in a common BitMap and then output graphics to those layers without
any knowledge that there are other tasks currently using this BitMap.

To see what the layers library provides, you need only look at the Intuition user interface, as
used by numerous applications on the Amiga. The windows that Intuition creates are based, in

part, on the underlying strata of the layers library. You can find more details about Intuition
in the book titled Intuition: The Amiga User Interface.

If you wish, you can use the layers library directly to create your own windowing system. The
layers library takes care of the difficult things, that is, the bookkeeping jobs that are needed to
keep track of where to put which bits. Once a layer is created, it may be moved, sized, depth-
arranged or deleted using the routines provided in this library. In performing their rendering

operations, the graphics routines know how to use the layers and only draw into the correct
drawing areas.

DEFINITION OF LAYERS

The internal definition of the layers resembles a set of clipping rectangles in that a drawing area
is split into a set of rectangles. A clipping rectangle is a rectangular area into which the graph-
ics routines will draw. Some of the rectangles are visible; some are invisible. If a rectangle is
visible, the graphics can draw directly into it. If a rectangle is obscured by an overlapping
layer, the graphics routine may possibly draw into some other memory area. This memory area
must be at least large enough to hold the obscured rectangle so the graphics routines can, on
command, expose the obscured area.

The layers library manages interactions between the various layers by using a data structure

called Layer_Info. Each major drawing area, called a BitMap (which all windows share),
requires one Layer_Info data structure.

You may choose to split the viewing area into multiple parts by providing multiple independent
ViewPorts. If you use the layers library to subdivide each of these parts into layers (effectively
providing windows within these subdivisions), you must provide one Layer_Info structure for
each of these parts.

78 Layers

TYPES OF LAYERS SUPPORTED

The layers library supports four types of layers:

o Swmple Refresh

No back-up area is provided. Instead, when an obscured section of the layer'is exposed
to view, the routine using this layer is told that a ‘‘refresh” of that area is in order.
This means that the program using this layer must redraw those portions of its display
that are contained in the previously obscured section of the layer. All graphics render-
ing routines are “‘clipped’’ so that they will only draw into exposed sections of the layer.

o Smart Refresh
The system provides one or more back-up areas into which the graphics routines can
draw whenever a part of this layer is obscured.

o Superbitmap

There is a single back-up area, which is permanently provided to store what is not in
the layer. The back-up area may be larger than the area that is actually shown in the
on-screen BitMap.

o Backdrop

A backdrop layer always appears behind all other layers that you create. The current
implementation of backdrop layers prevents them from being moved, sized, or depth-
arranged.

Layers Library Routines

The layers library contains the routines shown below:

Layers 79

Purpose Routine

Allocating a Layer_Info NewLayerInfo()
structure
Deallocating a Layer_Info DisposeLayerInfo()
structure
Intertask operations LockLayer(), UnLockLayer(),

LockLayers(), UnlockLayers(),
LockLayerInfo(), UnlockLayerInfo()

Creating and deleting layers CreateUpfrontLayer(),
CreateBehindLayer(),

DeleteLayer()
Moving layers MoveLayer()
Sizing layers SizeLayer()
Changing a viewpoint ScrollLayer()
Reordering layers BehindLayer, UpfrontLayer()
Determining layer position WhichLayer()

Sub-layer rectangle operations SwapBitsRastPortClipRect()

INITIALIZING AND DEALLOCATING LAYERS

The function NewLayerInfo() allocates and initializes a Layer_Info data structure and allo-
cates some extra needed memory for the 1.1 release. After the call to NewLayerInfo(), you
can use the layer operations described in the following paragraphs.

The function DisposeLayerInfo() deallocates a Layer_Info structure that was allocated with
a call to NewLayerInfo() and frees the extra memory that was allocated.

Note: Prior to the current 1.1 release, Layer_Info structures were initialized with the
InitLayers() function. For backwards compatibility, you can still use this function with newer
software. For optimal performance, however, you should call FattenLayerInfo() to allocate
the needed extra memory and ThinLayerInfo() to return the memory to the system free-list.
Failure to deallocate memory will result in loss of that available memory.

80 Layers

INTERTASK OPERATIONS

This section shows the use of the routines LockLayerInfo(), UnlockLayerInfo(),
LockLayer(), UnlockLayer(), LockLayers(), and UnlockLayers().

LockLayerInfo() and UnlockLayerInfo()

You create layers by using the routines CreateUpFrontLayer() and CreateBehindLayer().
If multiple tasks are all trying to create layers on the same screen or ViewPort, each task will
be trying to affect the same data structures while creating its layers. The Layer_Info data
structure controls the layers. LockLayerInfo() ensures that the Layer_Info data structure
remains intact and tasks can obtain this exclusive access.

LockLayerInfo() grants exclusive access to the locking task. If some other task has the
Layer_Info locked, the call will block until the lock succeeds.

LockLayer() and Unlocklayer()

If a task is making some changes to a particular layer, such as resizing it or moving it, the task
must inhibit the graphics rendering into the layer. LockLayer() blocks graphics output once
the current graphics function has completed. The other task goes to sleep only if it attempts to
draw graphics. LockLayer() returns exclusive access to the layer once other tasks, including
graphics, are finished with this layer.

UnlockLayer() frees the locked layer for other operations.

If more than one layer must be locked, then these LockLayer() calls must be surrounded by
LockLayerInfo() and UnLockLayerlInfo(). This is to prevent deadlock situations.

LockLayers() and UnlockLayers()

Sometimes it is necessary to lock all layers at the same time. For example, under Intuition, a
rubber-band box is drawn when a window is being moved or sized. To draw such a box, Intui-
tion must stop all graphics rendering to all windows (and associated layers) so that it can draw
a line using the graphics complement drawing mode. If other graphics draw over this line, it
would not be possible for Intuition to erase it again, using a subsequent complement operation
over the same line. Thus LockLayers() is used to lock all layers in a single command.
UnlockLayers() releases the layers.

Layers 81

You can simulate LockLayers() by calling LockLayer() for each layer in the LayerList.

However, in that case, you must call LockLayerInfo() before and UnlockLayerInfo() after
each LockLayer() call.

CREATING AND DELETING LAYERS

CreateUpFrontLayer() creates a layer that is in front of all other layers. Intuition uses this
function to create certain types of new windows, as well as other Intuition components.

CreateBehindLayer() creates a layer that is behind all other layers. Intuition uses this func-
tion to create a new “Backdrop” window.

Each of the routines that create layers return a pointer to a layer data structure (shown in the
include file graphics/layers.h).

Note: When you create a layer, the system automatically creates a RastPort to go along with
it. Because a RastPort is specified by the drawing routines, if you use this layer’s RastPort,
you will draw into only the area that you have designated on the screen for this layer. See also
the topic called “The Layer’s RastPort’’ below.

DeleteLayer() is used to remove a layer from the layer list. It is one of the functions used by
Intuition to close a window.

For these functions, you need to perform LockLayerInfo() and UnlockLayerInfo(), because
you need to access the Layer_Info structure itself.

MOVING LAYERS

MoveLayer() moves a layer to a new location. When you move a layer, the move command
affects the list of layers that is being managed by the Layer_Info data structure. The system
locks the Layer_Info for you during this operation.

SIZING LAYERS

The SizeLayer() command changes the size of a layer by leaving the coordinates of the upper
left corner the same and modifying the coordinates of the lower right corner of the layer. The
system locks the Layer_Info for you during this operation.

82 Layers

CHANGING A VIEWPOINT

ScrollLayer() is for superbitmap layers only. This command changes the portion of a super-
bitmap that is shown by a layer. An analogy is a window in a wall. If the homeowner does not
like the view he sees from a particular window, he might either change what he sees by planting
trees (that is, new graphics rendering) or he might decide to move the window to see another
part of the great outdoors (changing the portion of the superbitmap shown by a layer). You
must provide a superbitmap; the ScrollLayer() command repositions the smaller layer against
the larger superbitmap, thus showing a different part of it.

Because the layer size and on-screen position do not change while this operation is taking place,
it is not necessary to lock the Layer_Info data structure. However, it is necessary to prevent
graphics-rendering operations from drawing into this layer or its associated superbitmap while

ScrollLayer() is performing the repositioning. Thus, the system locks the layer for you while
this operation is taking place.

REORDERING LAYERS

BehindLayer() and UpfrontLayer() are used, respectively, to move a layer behind all other
layers or in front of all other layers. BehindLayer() also considers any backdrop layers, mov-
ing a current layer behind all others except backdrop layers. The system performs
LockLayers() for you during this operation.

DETERMINING LAYER POSITION

If the viewing area has been separated into several layers, you may wish to find out which layer
is topmost at a particular x,y coordinate. For example, Intuition does this while keeping track
of the mouse position. When you move the mouse into one of the windows and click the left
button, Intuition feeds the current x,y coordinate to WhichLayer(). In_ return,
WhichLayer() tells Intuition which layer has been selected, and thus it knows with which win-
dow you wish to work.

If you wish to be sure that no task changes the sequence of layers (by using UpfrontLayer(),
BehindLayer(), CreateUpFrontLayer(), DeleteLayer(), MoveLayer() or SizeLayer() )
before your task can use this information, call LockLayerInfo() before calling WhichLayer().
Then, after receiving and using the information that WhichLayer() delivers, you can call
UnlockLayerInfo(). In this way, you will assure that you are acting on data that was true as
of the moment it was received.

Layers 83

SUB-LAYER RECTANGLE OPERATIONS

The SwapBitsClipRectRastPort() routine is for users who do not want to worry about clip-
ping rectangles. The need for this routine goes a bit deeper than that. It is a routine that actu-

ally enables the menu operations of Intuition to function much more quickly than they would if
this routine were not provided.

Consider the case where there are several windows open on an Intuition screen. If you wish to
produce a menu, there are two ways to do it:

o Create an up-front layer with CreateUpfrontLayer(), then render the menu in it.
This could use lots of memory and require a lot of (very temporary) ‘“‘slice-and-dice”’
operations to create all of the clipping rectangles for the existing windows and so on.

o Use SwapBitsClipRectRastPort(), directly on the screen drawing area:

o Render the menu in a back-up area off the screen, then lock all of the on-screen

layers so that no task can use graphics routines to draw over your menu area on
the screen.

o Next, swap the on-screen bits with the off-screen bits, making the menu appear.
o When you finish with the menu, swap again and unlock the layers.

The second rendering method is faster and leaves the clipping rectangles and most of the rest of
the window data structures untouched.

Notice that all of the layers must be locked while the menu is visible. Any task that is using
any of the layers for graphics output will be halted while the menu operations are taking place.

If, on the other hand, the menu is rendered as a layer, no task need be halted while the menu is
up because the lower layers need not be locked. It is a tradeoff decision that you must make.

The Layer’s RastPort

When you create a layer, you automatically get a RastPort. The pointer to the RastPort 1s
contained in the layer data structure and can be retrieved typically by the statement:

rp = layer->rp; /* copy the pointer from the layer structure
* into a local pointer for further use */

84 Layers

Using this RastPort, you can draw anywhere into the layer’s defined rectangle. Location (0,0)
is the coordinate location for the upper left corner of the rectangle, and location (xmax, ymax)
is the lower right corner. If you try to draw to any location outside of this coordinate system,
the graphics routines will clip the drawing to the inside boundaries of this area.

The type of layer you specify by the Flags variable determines the other facilities the layer pro-
vides. The following paragraphs describe the types of layers —simple refresh, smart refresh,
superbitmap, and backdrop—and the flags you set for the type you want. Note that the three
layer-type Flags are mutually exclusive. That is, you cannot specify more than one layer-type

flag —LAYERSIMPLE, LAYERSMART, LAYERSUPER.

SIMPLE REFRESH LAYER

When you draw into the layer, any portion of the layer that is visible (not obscured) will have
its drawing rendered into the common BitMap of the viewing area.

If another layer operation is performed that causes part of a simple refresh layer to be obscured
and then exposed, you must restore the part of the drawing that your application rendered into
the obscured area.

Simple refresh has two basic advantages:

o It uses no back-up area to save drawing sections that cannot be seen anyway (and
therefore saves memory).

o When an application tries to restore the layer by performing a full-layer redraw,
(sandwiched between a BeginUpdate(), EndUpdate() pair), only those damaged

areas are redrawn, making the operation very time efficient.

Its disadvantage is that the application needs to watch to see if its layer needs refreshing. This
test can be performed, typically, by a statement set such as the following:

refreshstatus = layer->Flags & LAYERREFRESH;
if (refreshstatus != 0) refresh(layer);

Note: Applications using Intuition typically get their refresh notifications as event messages
passed through an Intuition Direct Communications Message Port (IDCMP).

Layers 85

SMART REFRESH LAYER

If any portion of the layer is hidden by another layer, the bits for that obscured portion are ren-
dered into a back-up area. With smart refresh layers, the system handles all of the refresh
requirements except when the layer is made larger. Its disadvantage is the additional memory
needed to handle this automatic refresh.

SUPERBITMAP LAYER

A superbitmap layer is similar to a smart refresh layer. It too has a back-up area into which
drawings are rendered for currently obscured parts of the display. However, it differs from
smart refresh in that:

o The back-up BitMap is user-supplied, rather than being allocated dynamically by the
system.

o The back-up BitMap may be larger than the area of this BitMap that is currently
showing within the current size of this layer.

To see a larger portion of a superbitmap in the on-screen layer, you use SizeLayer(). To see a
different portion of the superbitmap in the layer, you use ScrollLayer/().

When the graphics routines perform your drawing commands, part of the drawing appears in
the common BitMap (the on-screen portion). Any drawing outside the layer itself is rendered
into the superbitmap. When it is time to scroll or size the layer, the layer contents are copied
into the superbitmap, the scroll or size positioning is modified, and the appropriate portions are
then copied back into the layer.

BACKDROP LAYER

Any layer can be designated a backdrop layer. You can turn off the backdrop flag temporarily
and allow a layer to be depth-arranged. Then by restoring the backdrop flag, you can again
inhibit depth-arrangement operations.

You change the backdrop flag typically by the statements:

layer->Flags &= LAYERBACKDROP; /* turn off the backdrop bit */
layer->Flags |= LAYERBACKDROP; /* turn on the backdrop bit */

86 Layers

Using the Layers Library

The following is a step-by-step example showing how the layers library can be used in your pro-
grams. Note that the Intuition software, which is part of the system as well, manages many of
these items for you. The example below can be started up under Intuition, but it requires that
the Amiga be reset in order to exit the program.

The example program explains the individual parts separately, then merges the parts into a sin-
gle working example. This simple example produces three rectangles on the screen: one red,

one green, and one blue. Each rectangle is rendered as a rectangle-fill of one of three smart
layers created for the example.

OPENING THE LAYERS LIBRARY

Like all library routines, the layers library must be opened before it can be used. This is done
typically by the following code:

struct LayersBase *LayersBase;

LayersBase = (struct LayersBase *)OpenLibrary(” layers.library” ,O);
if(LayersBase —==—= NULL)

exit(NO_LAYERS_LIBRARY_FOUND);

OPENING THE GRAPHICS LIBRARY

Because the example uses various graphics library functions as well as the layers library, you
must also open the graphics library with the following code:

struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary(”graphics.library” ,O);
if(GfxBase == NULL)

exit(NO_GRAPHICS_LIBRARY_FOUND),;

Layers 87

CREATING A VIEWING WORKSPACE

You can create a viewing workspace by using the primitives InitVPort(), InitView/(),
MakeVPort(), MrgCop(), and LoadView(). See the “Graphics Example” section in chapter
1, ‘Graphics Primitives.” You add the following statements:

struct Layer_Info *li;
li=NewLayerInfo();

This provides and initializes a Layer_Info data structure with which the system can keep track
of layers that you create.

CREATING THE LAYERS

You can create layers in this common bit map by calling CreateUpfrontLayer() (or
CreateBehindLayer() ), with a sequence such as the following. The Flags value in this exam-
ple is LAYERSMART (see graphics/clip.h in the “Include Files’? appendix for all other flag
values). This sequence requests construction of a smart refresh layer.

#define FLAGS LAYERSMART

struct BitMap b;

struct Layer_Info i;

struct RastPort *rp[3];_ /* allocate a RastPort pointer for each layer */
struct Layer *layer[3]; | /* allocate a layer pointer for each layer */

/* Layer_Info, common BitMap, x1,y1,x2,y2,
* flags = 0 (smart refresh), null pointer to superbitmap */

layer[0] = CreateUpfrontLayer(&li,&b,20,20,100,80,FLAGS,NULL);

layer[1] = CreateUpfrontLayer(&li,&b,30,30,110,90, FLAGS,NULL);
layer([2] = CreateUpfrontLayer(&li,&b,40,40,120,100,FLAGS,NULL);

/* if not enough memory, can’t continue the example * /

if(layer(O0]—==—NULL || layer[1]—==—NULL || layer[2)——NULL) exit(3);

88 Layers

GETTING THE POINTERS TO THE RASTPORTS

Each layer pointer data structure contains a pointer to the RastPort that it uses. Here is the
assignment from the layer structure to a set of local pointers:

for(i=0; i<3; i++)

rp[i] = layer[i]->rp;

USING THE RASTPORTS FOR DISPLAY

Here are the rectangle-fill operations that create the display:

for(i=0; i<3; i++)

SetAPen(rp|i],i+1);
SetDrMd(rp{i],JAM1);
RectFill(rp[i],0,0,80,50);

}

If you perform an UpfrontLayer() or BehindLayer() command prior to the Delay() shown
in the complete example below, all of the data contained in each layer is retained and correctly
rendered automatically by the layers library. This is because these are all smart-refresh layers.
If you change the example to use a Flags value of LAYERSIMPLE, and then perform
UpfrontLayer() or BehindLayer(), the obscured portions of the layers, now exposed, contain
only the background color. This illustrates that simple-refresh layers may have to be redrawn
after layer operations are performed.

LAYERS EXAMPLE

Here is the complete example, which is a compilation of the complete example in chapter 1 and
the pieces given above. Sections of the example that differ from those shown in the chapter 1
example are indicated through comments to show the additions adding the layers hbrary
demonstration.

Layers 89

PERO OOO AOE GE ISOS G SSA RIOR I Gk
* This example shows how to use the layers.library. Certain functions are not
* available in the system software prior to the release of version 1.1. Therefore,

* this example can be compiled only if your C-disk supports version 1.1 or beyond.
FCCC AOI G a OES ARBOR A IIE a /

#include ”exec/types.h”

#include ” graphics/gfx.h”

#include ”hardware/dmabits.h”

#include ”hardware/custom.h”

#include ”hardware/blit.h”

#include ” graphics/gfxmacros.h”

#include ” graphics /copper.h”

#include ” graphics/view.h”

# include ” graphics/gels.h”

#include ” graphics/regions.h”

#include ” graphics/clip.h”

#include ”exec/exec.h”

#include ” graphics/text.h”

#include ” graphics/gfxbase.h”

/* oA: added for layers support ARR Ad a kk kk kk > /
#include ” graphics/layers.h”

#include ” graphics/clip.h”

/* HK added for layers SUPPOTt >>I AK I kK a a a a + /

#define DEPTH 2

#define WIDTH 320

#define HEIGHT 200

#-define NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY -1000

/* construct a simple display */

#define FLAGS LAYERSMART

/* dynamically created RastPorts from the calls to CreateUpfrontLayer */
struct RastPort *rp|[3}; /* RastPort for each layer */

struct ColorMap *GetColorMap();
struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

SHORT boxoffsets|] = { 802, 2010, 3218 };

/* black, red, green, blue */
USHORT colortable{] = { 0x000, Oxf00, OxOf0, Ox00f };
long LayersBase;
extern struct Layer *CreateUpfrontLayer();
extern struct Layer_Info *NewLayerInfo();

90 Layers

main()

{

struct View *oldview; /* save pointer to old View so can go back to sys */
struct View v;

struct ViewPort vp;

struct ColorMap *cm; /* pointer to ColorMap structure, dynamic alloc */
struct RasInfo ri;

struct BitMap b;

short 1,),k,n;

struct Layer_Info *hi;

struct Layer *layer(3};

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary(” graphics.library” ,O);
if (GfxBase === NULL) exit(1);

LayersBase = OpenLibrary(” layers.library” ,0);
if(LayersBase === NULL) exit(2);

oldview = GfxBase->ActiView; /* save current View, go back later */
/* example steals screen from Intuition */

li = NewLayerlInfo(); /* get a Layer_Info structure */
if(li == NULL) exit(100);

/* not needed if gotten by NewLayerlnfo InitLayers(li);
FattenLayerlnfo(li); */

InitView(&v); /* initialize View * /
v.ViewPort = &vp;_ /* link View into ViewPort */
Init VPort( &vp); /* init ViewPort */

/* now specify critical characteristics */
vp.DWidth = WIDTH;
vp.DHeight —= HEIGHT;
vp.RasInfo = &ni;
/* init BitMap (for RasInfo and RastPort) */
InitBitMap(&b, DEPTH, WIDTH,HEIGHT);
ri1.BitMap = &b; /* (init RasInfo) */
ri.RxOffset = 0; /* align upper left corners of display
* with upper left corner of drawing area */
ri.Ry Offset = 0;
ri.Next = NULL;
/* (init color table) */
vp.ColorMap = GetColorMap(4); /* four entries, since only two planes deep */
colorpalette = (UBYTE *)cm->ColorTable;
/* copy my colors into this data structure */

Layers 91

LoadRGBA4(vp,colortable,4);

/* allocate space for BitMap */

b.Planes(i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster(WIDTH,HEIGHT);
if(b.Planes[i] === NULL) exit NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY),;
BltClear(b.Planes|i], RASSIZE(width,height),0);

}

MakeVPort( &v, &vp ); /* construct Copper instr (prelim) list */

MrgCop( &v ); /* merge prelim lists together into a real
* Copper list in the View structure. */

Load View(&v);

/* now fill some boxes so that user can see something */

/* Layer_Info, common BitMap, x,y,x2,y2,

* flags = 0 (simple refresh), null pointer to superbitmap */
layer|O] = CreateUpfrontLayer(li,&b,5,5,85,65,FLAGS,NULL);
if(layer(O] === NULL) goto cleanup];

layer|1] = CreateUpfrontLayer(li,&b,20,20,100,80,FLAGS,NULL);
if(layer{1] —— NULL) goto cleanup2;

layer|2] = CreateUpfrontLayer(li,&b,45,45,125,105, FLAGS, NULL);
if(layer|2] =— NULL) goto cleanup3;

fori=0; 1<3;i++) /* layers are created, now draw to them */
{
rp|i] = layer(i|->rp;
SetAPen(rpii],i+1);
SetDrMd(rp|i],JAM1);
RectFill(rp|i],0,0,79,59);
}
SetAPen(rp(0],0);
Move(rp/(0],5,30);
Text(rp|0],” Layer 0” 7);

SetAPen(rp|1],0);
Move(rp(1],5,30);
Text(rp({1],” Layer 1”,7);

SetAPen(rp(2],0);

92 Layers

Move(rp/[2],5,30);
Text(rp|2],” Layer 2”,7);

Delay(100); /* two seconds before first change */
BehindLayer(li,layer(2});

Delay(100); /* another change two seconds later */
UpfrontLayer/(li,layer(0});

for(i=0; 1<30; i++)
{
MoveLayer(li,layer|1],1,3);
Delay(10); /* wait .2 seconds (uses DOS function) */

}

cleanups:
Load View(oldview); /* put back the old View */
DeleteLayer(li,layer[2});
cleanup2:
DeleteLayer(li,layer|1]);
cleanuplI:
DeleteLayer(li,layer|0}]);

DisposeLayerInfo(li);

/* return user and system-allocated memory to sys manager */
for(i=0; i<DEPTH; i++) /* free the drawing area */
FreeRaster(b.Planes{i], WIDTH,HEIGHT);
FreeColorMap(cm); /* free the color map */
/* free dynamically created structures */
FreeVPortCopLists( &vp);
FreeCprList(v.LOFCprList);
return(0);

CloseLibrary(GfxBase);

/* end of main() */

Layers 93

Clipping Rectangle List

When you perform the various graphics drawing routines, you will notice that the routines draw
into Intuition windows, even though the windows might be partially or totally obscured on the
screen. This is because the layer library functions split the drawing area to provide lists of
drawing areas that the graphics drawing can use for its operations.

In particular, the layer library functions split the windows into rectangles. You need only con-
cern yourself with a single overall RastPort that contains the description of the complete area
that you are managing. When either you or Intuition use the layer library, the graphics rou-
tines will be able to tell how the drawing area is split and where rendering can occur.

The set of rectangles comprising the layer is known as a clipping rectangle list (ClipRect struc-
ture). A clipping rectangle is a rectangular area into which the graphics routines will draw. All
drawing that would fall outside of that rectangular area is clipped (not rendered).

DAMAGE LIST

For a smart-refresh window, the system automatically generates off-screen buffer spaces, essen-
tially linked into the clipping rectangle list. Thus, parts of the display that are on the screen
are rendered into the on-screen drawing area, and parts of the display that are obscured are
drawn into a back-up area. When segments are exposed, the back-up area information is
brought to view automatically during the routines UpfrontLayer() and BehindLayer(), as
well as during MoveLayer().

For a simple-refresh window however, any section of a drawing area that is not covered in the
chipping rectangle list is not drawn into by the graphics routines. When obscured areas are
exposed, they will not contain any graphics rendering at all. As the system creates and moves
layers in front of such simple-refresh windows, the layers library keeps track of the rectangular
segments that have not been drawn and are therefore not part of any automatically saved
back-up areas. This list of non-drawn areas is called a DamageList.

REPAIRING THE DAMAGE

When you receive a REFRESH event from Intuition for a simple refresh window, you are being
told that Intuition, through the layers library, has done something to change the portions of
your window that are exposed to view. In other words, there is likely to be a blank space where
there is supposed to be some graphics.

94 Layers

To update only those areas that need updating, you call BeginUpdate(). BeginUpdate()
saves the pointer to the current clipping rectangles. It also installs in the layer structure a
pointer to the set of ClipRects generated from the DamageList. In other words, the graphics
rendering routines see only those rectangular spaces that need to be updated and refuse to draw
into any other spaces within this layer. If, for example, there are only one or two tiny rectan-
gles that need to be fixed, the graphics routines can ignore all but these spaces and repair them
very quickly and efficiently. To repair the layer, you ask the graphics routines to redraw the

whole layer, but the routines use the new clipping rectangle list (that is, the damage list) to
speed the process.

To complete the update process call EndUpdate(), to restore the original ClipRect list.

Regions

Regions are rectangles that, when combined, can become part of a DamageList. The library

graphics.lubrary contains several support routines for regions. Among these are routines for the
following operations:

Operation Routine

Creating and deleting regions NewRegion(), DisposeRegion()

Changing a region AndRectRegion(), OrRectRegion,
XorRectRegion()
Clearing a region ClearRegion()

Basically, the region commands let you construct a custom DamageList, which you can use
with your graphics rendering routines. With this list, you can selectively update a custom-sized,

custom-shaped part of your display area without disturbing any of the other layers that might
be present.

CREATING AND DELETING REGIONS

NewRegion() allocates and initializes a new data structure that may be thought of as a blank
painter’s easel.

If this new region is to be used as the basis for a DamageList, and you asked the graphics rou-
tines to draw something through this DamageList, nothing would be drawn as there is nothing
in the region. The region that you produce can be thought of as patches of canvas. A new
region has no canvas.

Layers 995

Because a region is dynamically created by using NewRegion(), the procedure
DisposeRegion() is provided to return the memory to the system when you have finished with

it. Note that not only the region structure is deallocated; so are any rectangles that have been
linked into it.

CHANGING A REGION

OrRectRegion() modifies a region structure by or’ing a clipping rectangle into the region.
This has an effect similar to adding a rectangle of canvas to the easel. If you now exercise the
drawing routines, the rendering will occur in the areas where the region has been or’ed (canvas
rectangle has been added) and will be inhibited elsewhere.

AndRectRegion() modifies a region structure by and’ing a clipping rectangle into the region.
This has an effect similar to using the rectangle as an outline for a position on the easel. Any
area of canvas that falls outside this outline is clipped and discarded.

XorRectRegion() applies the rectangle to the region in an exclusive-or mode. That is, wher-
ever there is no canvas, canvas is applied to the easel. Wherever there is canvas present within

the rectangle, a hole is created. Thus it is a combination of OrRectRegion() and
AndRectRegion() in a single application.

CLEARING A REGION

While you are performing various types of selective drawing area updates, you may wish to do
some of your graphics rendering with one form of region, and some with a different form of
region. You can perform ClearRegion() to go from one form back to a fresh, empty region.

Then you can begin again to compose yet another modified region for the next drawing func-
tion.

USING REGIONS

The region routines typically are used in a sequence like the following:

96 Layers

struct Region *r;
struct Rectangle *rectl, *rect2, rect3;

r = NewRegion();

OrRectRegion(rect1, r); /* add a rectangle */
AndRectRegion(rect3, r); /* patch a rectangle */
XorRectRegion(rect2, r); /* weird patch */

/* in this section of code:
* 1. Save current pointer to DamageList for the layer you wish to affect.

* 2. Equate the region address (r) to the DamageList pointer in the
* layer structure.

* 3. Perform whatever drawing functions you wish into this layer.
* 4, Restore the original DamageList pointer.

*/

DisposeRegion(r);

The drawing will only occur in those areas of the drawing area that you have specified should

be updated. Graphics rendering is often made faster this way, because not all of the area need
be updated.

A typical sequence using ClearRegion() might be:

struct Region *r;
struct Rectangle *rectl, *rect2, rect3;
struct Layer_Info *1li;

r = NewRegion();
OrRectRegion(rectl, r);
OrRectRegion(rect2, r);

(swap in as a damage list)
BeginUpdate(li);

(draw, draw, draw something)
End Update(li);

(restore original damage list)

ClearRegion(r);
AndRectRegion(rect3, r);

(swap, draw, restore)

DisposeRegion(r);

Layers 97

SAMPLE APPLICATION FOR REGIONS

For example, assume that you are producing a display that requires a view through a fence.
You can create this “‘slats” effect by using regions, as follows:

1. Create a new region.

2. Create several rectangles representing the open areas of the slats in the fence.
3. Or these into the region.

4, Save the DamageList pointer in the affected layer so it can be restored later.
5. Copy the region address into DamageList pointer.

6. Draw the scene into the entire layer using the graphics.

7. Restore the original DamageList pointer.

8. Dispose of the region.

Here is a sample application. It is based on the sample layers library program shown above.
For brevity, the comments have been stripped out except where new material, pertinent to
regions, has been inserted.

/* SIMPLE REGIONS EXAMPLE.... DRAW BEHIND A FENCE */
/* Certain layers.library routines are used herein that are not
* available until Amiga C compiler version 1.1 and beyond. */

#include <exec/types.h >
#include <graphics/gfx.h >
#include <hardware/dmabits.h>
#include <hardware/custom.h >
#include <graphics/gfxmacros.h >
#include <graphics/regions.h >
#include <graphics/clip.h>
#include <graphics/text.h >
#include <hardware/blit.h >
#include <graphics/gfxbase.h >
#include <graphics/copper.h >
#include <graphics/gels.h >
#include <graphics/rastport.h >
#include <graphics/view.h >
#include <exec/exec.h>

98 Layers

#include <graphics/layers.h >

#define FLAGS LAYERSIMPLE
extern struct Layer *CreateUpfrontLayer();

struct GfxBase *GfxBase;
long LayersBase;

#define DEPTH 2

#define WIDTH 320

#define HEIGHT 200

#define NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY -1000

struct ColorMap *GetColorMap();

USHORT colortable({| = { 0x000, Oxf00, Ox0f0, Ox00f };
/* black, red, green, blue */

extern struct Layer_Info *NewLayerInfo();

main()

{
struct View *oldview;
struct View v;
struct ViewPort vp;
struct ColorMap *cm;
struct RasInfo ri;
struct BitMap b;
struct RastPort *rp; /* one RastPort for one layer */
short 1,j,k,n;
UBYTE *displaymem;
UWORD ¥*colorpalette;

struct Layer_Info *h;
struct Layer *layer; /* one layer pointer */

extern struct Region *NewRegion();

struct Region *rgn; /* one region pointer */

struct Rectangle rect|14]; /* some rectangle structures */
struct Region *oldDamageList;

SHORT x,y;

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary(” graphics. library” ,O);
if (GfxBase === NULL) exit(1);

Layers 99

LayersBase = OpenLibrary({” layers. library” ,0);
if(LayersBase === NULL) exit(2);

oldview = GfxBase- > ActiView;

li = NewLayerlInfo(); /* v1.1 code only */
Init View( &v);

v.ViewPort = &vp;

InitVPort(&vp);

vp.DWidth = WIDTH;

vp.DHeight = HEIGHT;

vp.RasInfo = &ri,
InitBitMap(&b, DEPTH, WIDTH,HEIGHT);
n.BitMap = &b;

ri.RxOffset = 0;

nl.RyOffset = 0;

ri. Next = NULL;

em = GetColorMap(4);

colorpalette = (UWORD *)cm->ColorTable;
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{

*colorpalette++ = colortable{il;

vp.ColorMap = cm;
for(i=0; i< DEPTH; i++)

b.Planes[i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster(WIDTH,HEIGHT);
if(b.Planes|i] =— NULL) exit(NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);

BltClear(b.Planes|i], RASSIZE(WIDTH,HEIGHT,0);
}

MakeVPort( &v, &vp );
MrgCop( &v );

Load View(&v);
layer = CreateUpfrontLayer(li, &b,0,0,200,140, FLAGS,NULL);
if(layer—=—NULL) exit(3);

rp = layer->rp;

SetAPen(rp,3);
RectFill(rp,0,0,199,139); /* show the layer itself */

j=10; /* initialize the rectangles */

100 Layers

for(i=0; 1<10; i++)

{
rect(i].MinX = j;
rect|i]|.MaxX = j + 8;
rect|i]|.MinY = 20,
rect|i]. MaxY = 120;
] += 16;
}
rgn = NewRegion(); /* get a new region to use */

if(rgn == NULL) exit(4);

for(i=0; 1<14; i++)
OrRectRegion(rgn,&rect/i]);

oldDamageList = layer- >DamageList;
layer- >DamageList = rgn;

BeginU pdate(layer);

/* here insert the drawing routines to draw something behind the slats */
x= 4 y = 10;
SetAPen(rp,0);
SetDrMd(rp,JAM1);
RectFill(rp,0,0,199, 139);
SetAPen(rp,1);
SetBPen(rp,0);
SetDrMd(rp,JAM2);
for(i=0; i<14; i++)
{
Move(rp, x, y);
Text(rp,” Behind A Fence” ,14);
x+=4 y += 9;

EndUpdate(layer);
layer- >DamageList = oldDamageList;
DisposeRegion(rgn);

Delay(300);

DeleteLayer(li, layer);
DisposeLayerInfo(li);

Load View(oldview);

Layers 101

/* return user and system-allocated memory to sys manager */
for(i=0; i< DEPTH; i++)/* free the drawing area */
FreeRaster(b.Planes|i], WIDTH,HEIGHT);
FreeColorMap(cm); /* free the color map */
/* free dynamically created structures */
FreeVPortCopLists( &vp);
FreeCprList(v.LOFCprList);
return(0);

CloseLibrary(GfxBase);

} /* end of main() */

102 Lavers

Chapter 3

Animation

Introduction

The graphics animation routines let you define images by specifying various characteristics of
graphic objects, such as the following:

Animation 103

o Height

o Width
o Colors
o Shape

o Position in the drawing area

o How to draw the object

o How to move the object

o How the object interacts with other elements
The objects you define are called GELS (for “graphic elements”). You can draw GELS into or
onto a background display of some type. The graphics animation routines operate on a list of

GELS to produce a list of instructions that cause the system to draw the GELS in the manner
you have specified.

PREPARING TO USE GRAPHICS ANIMATION

Because the animation routines have been designed to interact with a background display, you
must first make sure that such a display is already defined.

To define a display with which the GELS can interact, you define View, ViewPort, and
RastPort structures. For details on the construction of these structures, see chapter 1,
‘Graphics Primitives,” and chapter 2, “‘Layers.”’

The graphics animation routines described in this chapter create additional material that is
linked into the View structure. This material consists of additional instructions for color

changes and dynamic reassignment of the hardware resources that create the display animation
effects you specify. |

TYPES OF ANIMATION

Using the Amiga system tools, you can perform two different kinds of image animation: sprite
animation and playfield animation.

104 Animation

Sprite Animation

Sprites are hardware objects that you create and move independently of the playfield display.
Sprites are always 16 low-resolution pixels wide and are as high as you specify. To move
sprites, you must define where they are on the screen. The built-in priority circuitry determines
how the sprite appears on the screen relative to the playfield elements or to other sprites.

You can manipulate sprites directly through a simple sprite set of routines or by using the
graphics kernel VSprite routines.

Playfield Animation

Sprites are normally moved against a background. This background area is called the playfield.
You may treat the playfield area as a single background or separate it into two separately con-
trollable sections, using dual-playfield mode. See chapter 1, ‘‘Graphics Primitives,” for details
on how to create and control playfields.

In playfield animation, sections of the playfield are modified. You draw, erase, and redraw
objects into the playfield, creating an animation effect. To move the data quickly and
efficiently, the system uses one of the specialized built-in hardware devices, the blitter. The sys-
tem uses the blitter to move the playfield objects, while it saves and restores the background.
The objects controlled by the blitter are called Bobs, for ‘‘blitter objects.”’

Playfield animation is somewhat more complicated than VSprite animation from the point of
view of system design, but not much more complicated for you as the user of the animation rou-
tines. The hardware displays the VSprites over the playfield automatically, and the priority
overlay circuitry assures that they will be displayed in the correct order. If you are animating
multiple Bobs, you control their video priority by defining the sequence in which the system
draws them. The last one drawn has the highest video priority in the sense that it appears to
be in front of all other Bobs.

A Bob 1s physically a part of the playfield. When the system displays a Bob, it must first
save a copy of the playfield area into which the Bob will be drawn. Then the system can
restore the playfield to its original condition when moving the Bob to a new location. Once the
playfield areas have been saved, the system can draw the Bob. To move the Bob, the system
must first restore the playfield area (thus erasing the object) before it saves the playfield at the
new location and draws the Bob there.

Bobs offer more flexibility and many more features than VSprites. Bob animation is less res-
trictive but slower than VSprite animation. VSprites are superior to Bobs in speed of
display, because VSprites are mostly hardware-driven and Bobs are part hardware and part
software. Bobs, on the other hand, are superior to VSprites in that they offer almost all of
the benefits of VSprites but suffer none of the limitations, such as size or number of colors.

Animation 105

Both are very powerful and useful. The requirements of your particular application determine
the type of GEL to use.

THE GELS SYSTEM

The acronym GEL describes all of the graphic elements, or ‘“‘objects,’’ supplied by the Amiga
ROM kernel. Both VSprites and Bobs are GELS, as are the more advanced animation ele-
ments known as AnimComps and AnimObs.

Initializing the GEL System

To initialize the graphics element animation system, you provide the system with the addresses
of two data structures. The system uses these data structures to keep track of the GELS that
you will later define. To perform this initialization, you call the system routine InitGels(),
which takes the form:

InitGels( head, tail, Ginfo );
where

head
is a pointer to the VSprite structure to be used as the GEL list head

tail
is a pointer to the VSprite structure to be used as the GEL list tail

Ginfo

is a pointer to the GelsInfo structure to be initialized

The graphics animation system uses two “dummy’’ VSprites as place holders in the list of
GELS that you will construct. The dummy VSprites are used as the head and tail elements in
the system list of GELS. You add graphics elements to or delete them from this list.

The call to InitGels() forms a linked list of GELS that is empty except for these two dummy
elements. When the system initializes the list with the dummy VSprite, it automatically gives
the VSprite at the head the maximum possible negative y and x positions and the VSprite at
the tail the maximum possible positive y and x positions. This assures that the two dummy ele-
ments are always the outermost elements of the list.

The y,x values are coordinates that relate to the physical position of the GEL within the draw-
ing area. The system uses the y,x values as the basis for the placement (and later sorting) of

the GELS in the list.

106 Animation

When you add a GEL to the list of graphics elements, the system links that GEL into the list
shown above. Then the system adds any new element to the list immediately ahead of the first
GEL whose y,x value is greater than or equal to that of the new GEL being added.

Types of GELS

Figure 3-1 shows how you can view the components of GELS as inter-related layers of graphics
elements.

Bob Bob Bob Bob

Figure 3-1: Shells of Gels

The types of GELS are listed below:

o Simple (hardware) sprites

o VSprites

o Bobs

o AnimComps

o AnimObs
VSprites and Bobs are the primary software-controlled animation objects. They are part of
an integrated animation system. The simple sprites, on the other hand, are separate from the

animation system. It is up to you to decide which type of sprite to use. The next sections
describe all of these animation components.

Animation 107

Simple (Hardware) Sprites

The simple sprite is a special graphics element, related to the graphics animation system only in
that it vies with the VSprites for the use of the same underlying hardware elements, the real
hardware sprites.

The Amiga hardware has the ability to handle up to eight sprite objects. Each sprite is pro-
duced by one of the eight hardware sprite DMA channels. Each sprite is 16-bits wide and arbi-
trarily tall. The Amiga software provides a choice about how you can use these hardware ele-
ments. You can either allocate one or more hardware sprites for your exclusive use, or you can
allow all sprites to be managed by the system software and assigned as virtual sprites by the
system. Using virtual sprites, it can appear as though you have an unlimited set of sprites with
which to work. If you need only a few sprites, however, you may wish to use the less complex
routines shown in the section called ‘Using Simple Sprites.”’

VSprites

The virtual sprite is the most elemental component. It contains a little more information than
is needed to define a hardware sprite. The system temporarily assigns each VSprite to a
hardware sprite, as needed. The information in the VSprite structure allows the system to
maintain the more general GEL functions, such as collision detection and double-buffering.
After a sprite DMA channel has displayed the last line of a sprite, the system can reuse the
channel to display a different image lower on the screen. The system software takes advantage
of this reusability to dynamically assign hardware sprites to carry VSprite images.

The VSprite is a data structure closely related to hardware sprites. The VSprite structure
contains the following information:

o Size

o Image display data
o Screen coordinates
o Collision descriptors

o A pointer to color information

108 Animation

Bobs

The Bob is the next outermost level of the GEL system. It is like an expanded hardware sprite
done in software. It uses the same information defined in a VSprite, but adds other data that
further defines this type of object. Bobs and VSprites differ in that the system draws Bobs
into the playfield using the blitter, while it assigns VSprites to hardware sprites.
A Bob structure contains the following information:

o A pointer to a VSprite

o Priority descriptors

o Variables and pointers that define how and where to save the background
AnimComps

The AnimComp (for “animation component”’) is a data structure that extends the definition of
a Bob. It allows the system to include the Bob as part of a total animation object. An
AnimComp expands on the Bob data. AnimComps include the following:

o A pointer to this AnimComp’s Bob

o Links that define the sequence of animation drawings

o Information that describes the screen coordinates of the AnimComp with respect to
the position of the AnimOb, described below

o Timing information for sequencing this AnimComp as part of the list of animation
drawings

o A pointer to a user routine to execute in conjunction with this AnimComp

AnimObs

The AnimOb (for “animation object”’) is the primary animation object. It is a pseudo-object
whose primary purpose is to link one or more AnimComps into a single overall object. As the
AnimOb moves, so move its AnimComps. When the Bobs move with their AnimComps,

the system sets the screen coordinates in the WSprite accordingly. AnimObs include the fol-
lowing:

Animation 109

A pointer to this AnimOb’s first AnimComp
Links to previous or succeeding AnimObs

Information that describes the position of this AnimOb on the screen, as well as its
velocity and acceleration

Information for double-buffering this AnimOb, if desired

A pointer to a user routine to execute in conjunction with this AnimOb

Using Simple (Hardware) Sprites

To use simple sprites, define their data structures and use the following routines:

O

ON_SPRITE — a system macro to turn on sprite DMA
OFF_SPRITE — a system macro to turn off sprite DMA

GetSprite() — attempts to allocate a sprite from the virtual sprite machine for your
exclusive use

ChangeSprite() — modifies the sprite’s appearance
MoveSprite() — changes the sprite’s position

FreeSprite() — returns the sprite to the virtual sprite machine

These routines are described in detail in the following sections.

To use these simple sprite routines or the VSprite routines, you must include the SPRITE flag
in the data structure for OpenScreen(). If you are not using Intuition, this flag must be
specified in the View and ViewPort data structures before MakeView() is called.

CONTROLLING SPRITE DMA

You can use the graphics macros ON_SPRITE and OFF_SPRITE to control sprite DMA.
OFF_SPRITE prevents the system from displaying any sprites, whether hardware or VSprite.
ON_SPRITE restores the sprite data access and display. Note that the Intuition cursor 1s a
sprite. Thus, if you use OFF_SPRITE, you make Intuition’s cursor invisible as well.

110 Animation

ACCESSING A HARDWARE SPRITE

You use GetSprite() to gain access to a new hardware sprite. You use a call such as

status = GetSprite( sprite, number )

GetSprite() allocates a hardware sprite for your exclusive use. The virtual sprite allocator can
no longer assign this sprite. Note that if you steal one sprite, you are effectively stealing two.
The sprite pairs 0/1, 2/3, 4/5, and 6/7 share the same color registers. If you are stealing a
hardware sprite, you steal its color registers as well. So you might as well ask for the other
sprite in the pair. Table 3-1 shows the color registers assigned to each sprite pair.

Table 3-1: Sprite Color Registers

Color
Registers Sprite

16-19 0 or 1
20-23 2or3
24-27 4oro
28-31 6 or 7

You are not granted exclusive use of the color registers. If the ViewPort is 5 bit-planes deep,
all 32 of the system color registers will still be used by the playfield display hardware.

Note, however, that registers 16, 20, 24, and 28 always generate the “transparent” color when
selected by a sprite, regardless of which color is actually in them. Their true color will be used

only if they are selected by a playfield. For further information, see the Amiga Hardware Refer-
ence Manual.

Also note that sprites and sprite colors are bound to the ViewPort in that you can reload the
colors between ViewPorts. In other words, if a user in a ViewPort located in the top part of
the screen allocates sprite 0 and a user in the a ViewPort at the bottom of the screen allocates
sprite 1, these two sprites will not necessarily have the same color set, as the two ViewPorts

can have totally independent sets of colors.
The inputs to the GetSprite() routine are:

sprite A pointer containing the address of a data structure called SimpleSprite

number The number (0-7) of the hardware sprite you wish to reserve. If number is -1,
the system gets any sprite.

Animation 111

A value of 0-7 is returned in ‘“‘status’’ if your request was granted, specifying which sprite you
have allocated. A value of -1 means that this sprite is already allocated.

The structure for a simple sprite is shown below:

struct SimpleSprite {

/* pointer to definition data of the hardware sprite to be displayed */
UWORD *posctldata;

UWORD height; /* height of this simple sprite in rows */
UWORD x,y; /* current position */

/* number (0-7) of hardware sprite associated with this simple sprite * /
UWORD nun;

}

This data structure is found in the graphics/sprite.h file in the appendixes to this manual.

CHANGING THE APPEARANCE OF A SIMPLE SPRITE

The ChangeSprite() routine changes the appearance of a reserved sprite. It is called by the
following sequence:

ChangeSprite( vp, s, newdata )

ChangeSprite() substitutes a new data content for that currently used to display a reserved
hardware sprite.

The inputs to this routine are:

vp A pointer to the ViewPort for this sprite or 0 if this sprite is relative only
to the current View

s A pointer to a SimpleSprite structure
newdata A pointer to a data structure containing the new data to be used

The structure for the new data is shown below:

112 Animation

struct userspritedata

{

/* position and control information for this sprite */
UWORD posct][2];
/* two words per line of sprite height, first of the two
* words contains msbit for color selection, second word
* contains Isbit (colors 0,1,2,3 from allowable color
* register selection set). Color ’0’ for any sprite
* pixel makes it transparent.
x
/

UWORD sprdata[2][height]; /* actual sprite image */

/* initialize to 0, O for unattached simple spites * /

UWORD reserved [2];
}3

MOVING A SIMPLE SPRITE

MoveSprite() repositions a reserved hardware sprite. It is called as follows:

MoveSprite( vp, sprite, x, y )

After you call this routine, the reserved sprite is moved to a new position relative to the upper
left corner of the ViewPort.

The inputs to MoveSprite() are as follows:

vp A pointer to the ViewPort with which this sprite interacts or 0 if this
sprite’s position is relative only to the current View

sprite A pointer to a SimpleSprite structure

x, y Pixel position to which a sprite is to be moved. If the sprite is being
moved over a high-resolution display, the system can move the sprite only
in two-pixel increments. In low-resolution mode, single-pixel increments in
the x direction are acceptable. For an interlaced mode display, the y direc-
tion motions are in two line increments. The same image of the sprite is
placed into both even and odd fields of the interlaced display.

The upper left corner of the ViewPort area has coordinates (0,0). The motion of the sprite is
relative to this position.

Animation 113

The following example demonstrates how you move a simple sprite.

/* This program creates and displays a 320-by-200 by 2-bit-plane
* single-playfield display and adds one simple sprite to it.

oF

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ” graphics/gfx.h”
#include ”hardware/dmabits.h”
#include ”hardware/custom.h”
#include ”hardware/blit.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxmacros.h”
#include ” graphics/copper.h”
#include ” graphics/view.h”
#include ” graphics/gels.h”
#include ” graphics/regions.h”
#include ” graphics/clip.h”
#include ” exec/exec.h”
#include ” graphics/text.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxbase.h”
#include ” graphics/sprite.h”

#define DEPTH 2

#:define WIDTH 320

#-define HEIGHT 200

#-define NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY -1000

/* construct a simple display */

struct View view;
struct ViewPort viewport;

/* pointer to ColorMap structure, dynamically allocated */
struct ColorMap *cm;

struct RasInfo rasinfo;
struct BitMap bitmap;

SHORT xmove, ymove;

extern struct ColorMap *GetColorMap();
struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

/* save pointer to old View so can restore */
struct View *oldview;

114 Animation

USHORT colortable|| = {
/* black, red, green, blue */
0x000, Oxf00, OxOf0, Ox00f,
0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, /* sprites from here up */
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

};

/* where to draw boxes */
SHORT boxoffsets|] = {
802, 2010, 3218

bi

UWORD <xcolorpalette;
struct SimpleSprite sprite;

/* Last entry is ” position control” for the next reuse of the hardware sprite.
* Simple sprite machine supports only one use of a hardware sprite per video
* frame. Any combination of binary bits from word 1 and word 2 per line
* establishes the color for a pixel on that line. Any nonzero pixels in lines
* 1-3 are color ”1” of the sprite, lines 4-6 are color ”2”, lines 7-9 are color ”3”.
*
/
UWORD sprite_data| | = {
0,0, /* position control */
OxOfc3, Ox0000, /* image data line 1 */
Ox3ff3, Ox0000, /* image data line 2 */
0x30c3, 0x0000, /* image data line 3 */
0x0000, Ox3c03, /* image data line 4 */
Ox0000, Ox3fc3, /* image data line 5 */
0x0000, 0x03c3, /* image data line 6 */
Oxc033, Oxc033, /* image data line 7 */
OxffcO, OxffcO, /* image data line 8 */
Ox3f03, Ox3f03, /* image data line 9 */

/* NOTE this last line specifies unattached, simple sprites */
0, 0 /* next sprite field */

yi

FECES ACOSO ICICI A a EI
* FOLLOWING IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY.... the simple-sprite machine directly
* sets these bits; the user has no need to change any of them. Use the

* functions ChangeSprite() and MoveSprite() to have an effect on the sprite.
*

Animation 115

position control:

firsts UWORD:
bits 15-8, start vertical value, lowest 8 bits of this value
contained here.
bits 7-0, start horizontal value, highest 8 bits of this value
contained here.

*k
a
*
x
*
*k
*
*
* second UWORD:

* bits 15-8, end (stopping) vertical value, lowest 8 bits of this

x value contained here.

* bit 7 = Attach-bit (used for attaching sprites to get additional
* colors (15 instead of 3, supported by the hardware but

* NOT supported by the simple sprite machine).

* bits 6-4 (unused)

* bit 2 start vertical value; bit 8 of that value.

x bit 2 end vertical value; bit 8 of that value.

* bit 2 start horizontal value; bit O of that value.

*

FORO Ooo oo or ioiok ia iaiac doi doa dai iak dak ak ik kak kak a ak ak a akeak ack /

main()

{
LONG i;
SHORT j,k,n;

SHORT spgot;
UBYTE *displaymem;

GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary( ”graphics.library” , 0 );
if( GfxBase =— NULL ) exit(100);

/* save current view to restore later */
oldview = GfxBase- > ActiView;

/* example steals screen from Intuition if started from WBench */

InitView( S&view ); /* initialize View */
InitVPort( &viewport ); /* init ViewPort */
view.ViewPort = &viewport; /* link View into ViewPort */

/* init bit map (for RasInfo and RastPort) */
InitBitMap( &bitmap, DEPTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT );

/* init RasInfo */
rasinfo.BitMap = &bitmap;

116 Animation

rasinfo.RxOffset = 0:
rasinfo.RyOffset = 0;
rasinfo.Next = NULL;

/* now specify critical characteristics * /
viewport. DWidth = WIDTH;
viewport.DHeight = HEIGHT;

viewport.RasInfo = &rasinfo;

/* initialize the color map. It has 32 entries. Sprites take up
*the top 16 and we want to specify some sprite colors */
cm = GetColorMap( 32 );

/* no memory for color map */
if(em —= NULL) {
FreeMemory();
exit( 100 );

}

colorpalette = (UWORD *)cm->ColorTable;
for(i=0; i<32; i++) {

*colorpalette++ = colortable{i];
}

/* copy my colors into this ViewPort structure */
viewport.ColorMap = cm;

/* addition for simple sprite: */
vp.Modes = SPRITES;

/* allocate space for bitmap */

for(i=0; i<DEPTH; i++) {
bitmap.Planes|i] = (PLANEPTR) AllocRaster( WIDTH, HEIGHT );
if( bitmap.Planes|i] =— NULL ) exit( NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );

/* clear the display area */
BltClear( bitmap.Planes[i], RASSIZE(WIDTH,HEIGHT), 1 );

}

/* construct Copper instr (prelim) list */
MakeVPort( &view, &viewport );

/* merge prelim lists into a real Copper list in the view structure. */

MrgCop( &view );
LoadView( &view );

Animation 117

/* now fill some boxes so that user can see something */
/* always draw into both planes to assure true colors */
for(n=1; n<4; n++) /* three boxes */
{
for(k—=0; k<2; k++)
{
/* boxes will be in red, green and blue */
displaymem = bitmap.Planes|k] + boxoffsets|n-1];
DrawF illedBox( n, k, displaymem );

j

| aaNet TailastaTailastilasiiTaitosadTaateTaitedailasediotadtastataitntadtasodtadtotaitoiaitotoilataitetaiiatasiaied

* Now we are ready to play with the sprites!
FSCO SIGS SSSI Rk /

/* Get the next available sprite. We should do an error
* check, if returns -1, then no sprites are available
+

spgot = GetSprite( &sprite, -1 );

sprite.x = 0; /* initialize position and size info */
sprite.y = 0; /* matches that shown in sprite_data */
sprite.height = 9; /* so that system knows layout of data later */

/* now put some colors into this sprite’s color registers

* to custom-control the colors this particular sprite will display.

* NOTE: sprite pairs share color registers; 1.e., sprites 0 and 1,

* 2 and 3, 4 and 5, 6 and 7 as pairs share the same sets of color

* registers (see the Amiga Hardware Reference manual for details).
* The code following figures out which sprite the system gave us,
** and sets that sprite’s color registers to the correct value

+]

k = ((spgot & Ox06)*2) + 16;

/* convert sprite number into the base number for its color reg set */
/* value at k treated as transparent */

SetRGB4( &viewport, k+1, 12, 3, 8 );

SetRGB4( &viewport, k+2, 13, 13, 13 );

SetRGB4( &viewport, k+3, 4, 4, 15 );

/* top of sprite is red, middle is white, bottom is blueish */
ChangeSprite( &viewport,&sprite,sprite_data):

MoveSprite(0, &sprite,30,0);

118 Animation

}

xmove — 1; ymove = |];
fori n = 0;n < 4,n++) {
i=0;
while( i++ < 185 ) {
MoveSprite( 0, &sprite, sprite. x + xmove, sprite.y + ymove );

/* slow it down to one move per video frame */

WaitTOF();
}
ymove = -ymove;
xmove = -xmove;

}

/* free this sprite so others can use it also */
FreeSprite( spgot );

/* restore the system to its original state */
Load View( oldview );

FreeMemory();

CloseLibrary( GfxBase );

/* end of main() */

/* return user and system-allocated memory to sys manager */
FreeMemory()

}

LONG i;

/* free drawing area */
for( i=0; i<DEPTH; i++ ) {
if( bitmap.Planes|i] !== NULL ) {
FreeRaster( bitmap.Planes|i], WIDTH, HEIGHT );
}
}

/* free the color map created by GetColorMap() */
if( cm !== NULL ) FreeColorMap( cm );

/* free dynamically created structures */
FreeVPortCopLists( &viewport );
FreeCprList( view.LOFCprList );

return( 0 );

DrawF illedBox( fillcolor, plane, displaymem )

Animation 119

SHORT fillcolor,plane;
UBYTE *displaymem;

UBYTE value;
LONG ];

for(j=0; j<100; j++) {
if((fillcolor & (1 << plane)) != 0) {

value = Oxf;
} else {

value = 0;

for(i=0; i<20; i++) {
*displaymem++ = value;
}

displaymem += (bitmap.BytesPerRow - 20);

}

return(0);

RELINQUISHING A SIMPLE SPRITE

The FreeSprite() routine returns an allocated sprite to the virtual sprite machine. The virtual
sprite machine can now reuse this sprite to allocate virtual sprites. The syntax of this routine is

FreeSprite( num )
where num is the number (0-7) of the sprite you want to return.
Note: You must free sprites after you have allocated them using GetSprite(). If you do not

free them and your task ends, the system will have no way of reallocating those sprites until the
system 1s rebooted.

Using VSprites

This section tells how to define a VSprite. It describes how to:

o Specify the size of the VSprite object

120 Animation

o Select its colors
o Form its image
o Specify its position within the drawing area
o Add it to the list of GELS
o Control it after you add it to the list
The system software also provides a way to detect collisions between individual VSprites and

other on-screen objects. Collision detection applies to both VSprites and to Bobs. It appears
as a separate topic under “Topics Common to Both VSprites and Bobs.”’

SPECIFYING THE SIZE OF A VSPRITE

The first step in defining a VSprite is telling its dimensions to the system. A VSprite is
always 16 pixels wide and may be any number of lines high. Each pixel is the same size as a
pixel in low-resolution mode (320 pixels across a horizontal line) of the graphics display. To

specify how many lines make up the VSprite image, you use the VSprite structure Height
variable.

If your VSprite is 12 lines high and the name of your VSprite structure is myVSprite, then
you can set the height value with.the following statement:

my VSprite.Height = 12;

Each line of a VSprite requires two data words to specify the color content of each pixel. This
means that the data area containing the VSprite image is 12 x 2, or 24, words long.

See the next section for details on how bits of these data words select the color of the VSprite
pixels.

SPECIFYING THE COLORS OF A VSPRITE

Because VSprites are so closely related to the hardware sprites, the choice of colors for
VSprites is limited in the same way. Specifically, each pixel of a VSprite can be any one of
three different colors or it may be transparent. However, the system software provides a great
deal of versatility in the choice of colors for the virtual sprites. Each virtual sprite may have its
own set of three unique colors.

Animation 12]

When the system assigns a hardware sprite to carry the VSprite’s image, it assigns that
VSprite’s color set to the hardware sprite that will produce that image. To define which set of
three colors to use for this VSprite, you initialize the VSprite structure pointer named
SprColors. SprColors points to the first data item of three sequentially-stored 16-bit values.
The system then jams these values into the selected hardware sprite’s color registers when it is
being used to display this VSprite.

Every time you direct the system to redraw the VSprites, the GEL system reevaluates the
current on-screen position of each VSprite and decides which hardware sprite will carry this
VSprite’s image for this rendering. It creates a customized Copper instruction sequence includ-
ing both the repositioning of hardware sprites and the reloading of sprite color registers for vari-
ous screen positions. Thus, during a move sequence, a VSprite may be represented by one or

many different real hardware sprites, depending on its current position relative to other
VSprites.

For example, if your set of colors is defined by the statement:

WORD spriteColors = { 0x00F, O0xOFO, OxF00 };

and if your VSprite is named myVSprite, to set the VSprite colors you would use the follow-
ing statement:

my VSprite.SprColors = &spriteColors;

How you specify the VSprite colors may affect how many VSprites you can show on the
screen at any one time. For further information, see ““How VSprites are Assigned.”’

SPECIFYING THE SHAPE OF A VSPRITE

To define the appearance of a VSprite, initialize the VSprite structure pointer called
ImageData to point to the first word of the image data. A VSprite image is defined exactly

as the image of a real hardware sprite. It takes two sequential 16-bit data words to define each
line of a VSprite.

To select colors for the pixels of a VSprite, examine the combination of the data bits in
corresponding locations in each of the two data words that define each line. The first of each
pair of data words supplies the low-order bit of the color selector for that pixel; the second word

of the pair supplies the high-order bit.

For example:

122 Animation

mem 0101111111111111
mem+1 0011111111111111

Reading from left to right, the combinations of these two sequential memory data words form
the binary values of 00, 01, 10, 11, and soon. These binary values select colors as follows.

00 - selects VSprite color of “transparent”’

O1 - selects the first of three VSprite colors you have defined
10 - selects the second VSprite color

11 - selects the third VSprite color

In those areas where the combination of bits yields a value of 00, the VSprite is transparent.
Any object whose priority is lower than that of the VSprite will show through in transparent
sections of the VSprite. Thus, you might form a full three-color image, with some transparent
areas, from a data set like the following sample:

VSprite Data

mem 1111111111111111 Defines top line -
mem +1 1111111111111111 contains only color 3

mem+2 0011111111111100 Defines second line -
mem +3 0011000000001100 contains colors 1 and 3 and
some transparency
mem +4 0000110000110000 Defines third line -
mem +5 0000111111110000 contains colors 2 and 3
and some transparency
mem +6 0000001001000000 Defines fourth line -
mem + 7 90000001111000000 contains colors 2 and 3
and some transparency

mem +8 Q000000110000000 Defines last line -
mem +9 0000000110000000 = contains color 3 and
some transparency

The VSprite Height for this sample image 1s 5.

SprColors must point to the set of three colors that are to be used to display this VSprite,
and ImageData must point to the location (“mem” in the example) that contains the first
word of the VSprite definition.

Animation 123

SPECIFYING VSPRITE POSITION

To control the position of a VSprite, you use the y and x variables within the VSprite struc-
ture. You specify the position of the upper left corner of a VSprite relative to the upper left
corner of the drawing area where you wish the VSprite to appear. Assign a value of 0,0 for y,x
to make the VSprite appear with its upper left corner against the upper left corner of the

drawing area. You can use values of y and x to move the VSprite entirely off the screen, if you
wish.

You resolve the vertical positioning for VSprites in terms of the non-interlaced mode of the
display. When you position a VSprite so that its y value is within the visible area of the

screen, you can select any one of 200 possible positions down the screen at which its topmost
edge can be placed.

You resolve the horizontal positioning for VSprites in terms of the low-resolution mode of the
screen display. When you position a VSprite so that its x value is within the visible area of
the screen, you can select any one of 320 possible positions across the screen at which its left-
most edge can be placed. Note that if you are using VSprites under Intuition and within a
screen, they will be positioned relative to the upper left-hand corner of the screen.

USING VSPRITE FLAGS

Now that you have defined the VSprite’s size, colors, shape, and position, you may want to
know where to add information to the data structures or where to check about the progress of

the system routines. The following sections describe the functions of the VSprite flags, the
variables that let you do some of these activities.

The VSprite data structure contains a variable named Flags that has information about its
data and about the progress of the system routines. The following sections describe the uses of
the VSPRITE, VSOVERFLOW, and GELGONE flags. You can use these flags to perform these
tasks:

VSPRITE Indicate whether the system should treat the structure as a VSprite or
part of a Bob.

VSOVERFLOW Check on the VSprites the system cannot display. (This is a read-only

system variable.)

GELGONE Find out if the system has moved a GEL outside the clipping region of
the drawing area. (This is a read-only system variable.)

124 Animation

VSPRITE Flag

To tell the GEL routines to treat this VSprite structure as a VSprite instead of a Bob, set the
VSPRITE flag to 1. This affects the interpretation of the data layout and the use of various
system variables. If you set the VSPRITE flag bit to zero, the GEL routines treat this VSprite
structure as though it defined a Bob instead of a VSprite.

Note: Under Intuition, VSprites work only in screens, not in windows. Bobs work in both
screens and in windows. Thus, if you wish to use VSprites and Bobs together, you can only
do so by writing directly to the RastPort of a screen.

VSOVERFLOW Flag

If you have currently defined more VSprites at the same horizontal line than the system can
possibly assign to the real hardware sprites, then the VSprites that the system cannot display
have their VSOVERFLOW flag set. This means that it is possible that one or more VSprites
will not appear on the display for this pass of producing the GELS.

GELGONE Flag

When the GELGONE flag is set to 1, you know that the system has moved a GEL (VSprite or
a Bob) entirely outside of the clipping region of the drawing area. You can assume that the
system will fully or at least partially draw any objects within the clipping region. Because the
system will not draw this object that is outside the clipping area, you may wish to use
RemVSprite() to delete the VSprite from the GEL list in order to speed up processing of the

rest of the list. Of course, VSprites that you remove from the list are no longer managed or
checked by the system.

ADDING A VSPRITE

To control VSprites, you first describe them using the VSprite structure variables mentioned
above. Next you tell the system (by adding the VSprites to the GEL list) which VSprites to
handle. This section tells you how to add a VSprite to the GEL list.

To add a VSprite to the system GEL list, call the system routine AddVSprite(), and specify
the address of the VSprite structure that controls this WSprite as well as the RastPort with
which it is associated.

Animation 125

A typical system call for this purpose follows:

struct VSprite my VSprite;
AddVSprite( &myVSprite, &rastport );

REMOVING A VSPRITE

To remove a VSprite from the list of controlled objects, use the system routine
RemVSprite(). This function takes the following form:

RemVSprite( VS );

where VS is a pointer to the VSprite structure to be removed from the GEL list

GETTING THE VSPRITE LIST IN ORDER

When the system has displayed the last line of a VSprite, it reassigns the hardware sprite to
another VSprite located at a lower position, farther left on the screen. The system allocates
hardware sprites in the order in which it encounters the VSprites in the list. Therefore, you

must sort the list of VSprites before the system can assign the use of the hardware sprites
correctly.

When you first enter VSprites into the list using AddVSprite(), the system uses the y,x coor-

dinates to place the VSprites into the correct position in the list. If you change the y,x coordi-

nates after they are in the list, you must reorder the list before the system can use it to produce
the display.

You use the routine SortGList() (for “sort the GEL list”) to get them in the correct order

before asking the system to display them. This sorting step is essential! You call this function
as follows:

SortGList( RPort );
where RPort is a pointer to the RastPort structure containing the GelsInfo

Note that there may be a GEL list in more than one RastPort. You must sort all of them.

126 Animation

DISPLAYING THE VSPRITES

The next few sections explain how to display the VSprites. You use the following system
routines:

o ON_DISPLAY — to turn on the playfield display

o ON_SPRITE — to turn on the VSprites display

o DrawGList() — to draw the elements into the current RastPort
o MrgCop() — to install the VSprites into the display

o LoadView() — to ask the system to display the new View

o WaitTOF() — to synchronize the routines with the display

Turning on the Display

Before you can view a display on the screen, you must enable the system direct memory access
for both the hardware sprites and the playfield display. To enable the display of both playfield
and VSprites, use the system macro calls:

ON_DISPLAY;
ON_SPRITE;

Drawing the Graphics Elements

The system routine called DrawGList() looks through the list of controlled GELS. It prepares
necessary instructions and memory areas to display the data according to your requirements.
You call this routine as follows:

DrawGList( RPort, VPort );
where

RPort
is a pointer to the RastPort

Animation 127

VPort
is a pointer to the View

Because the system links VSprites to a View, the use of a RastPort is not significant for
them. However, you can use DrawGList() for Bobs as well as VSprites, so it is required that

you pass the pointer to the RastPort to the routine. DrawGList() actually draws Bobs into
that RastPort when you execute the instructions.

Once DrawGList() has prepared the necessary instructions and memory areas to display the
data, you will need to install the VSprites into the display with MrgCop().

Merging VSprite Instructions

Recall that the call to DrawGList() did not actually draw the VSprites. It simply provided a
new set of instructions that the system uses to assign the VSprite images to real hardware
sprites, based on their positions. The View structure already has a set of instructions that
specifies how to construct the display area. It includes pointers to the set of VSprite instruc-
tions that was made by the call to DrawGList(). To install the current VSprites into the

display area, you call the routine MrgCop() to merge together all of the display-type instruc-
tions in the View structure. You call this routine as follows:

MrgCop( View );
where View is a pointer to the View structure whose Copper instructions are to be merged

DrawGList() handles Bobs as wells as VSprites. Therefore, the call to DrawGList(),

although it did not really draw the VSprite images yet, does draw the Bobs into the selected
RastPort.

Loading the New View

Now that the display instructions include the definition of the VSprites, you can ask the sys-

tem to prepare to display this newly configured View. You do this with the following system
routine:

Load View( view );
where view is a pointer to the View that contains the pointer to the Copper instruction list
The Copper instruction lists are double-buffered, so this instruction does not actually take effect

until the next display field occurs. This avoids the possibility of some routine trying to update
the Copper instruction list while the Copper is trying to use it to create the display.

128 Animation

Synchronizing with the Display

To synchronize your routines with the display, you use a call to the system routine
WaitTOF(). Although your routines may possibly be capable of generating more than 60 com-
plete display fields per second, the system itself is limited to 60 displays per second. Therefore,
after generating a complete display, you may wish to wait until that display is ready to be
shown on the screen before starting to generate the next one. WaitTOF() holds your task
until the vertical-blanking interval (blank area at the top of the screen) has begun. At that
time, the system has retrieved the current Copper instruction list and is ready to allow genera-
tion of a new list.

The call to the vertical-blanking synchronization routine takes the following form:

WaitTOF();
Now that you have learned how to add and display VSprites, you may want want to change

some of their characteristics, as shown in the following section.

Changing VSprites

Once the VSprite has been added to the GEL list and is in the display, you can change some of
its characteristics with the following operations:

o Pointing to a new VSprite image (change the ImageData pointer)
o Pointing to a new VSprite color set (change the SprColors pointer)

o Defining a new VSprite position (change the y,x values)

VSPRITE OPERATIONS SUMMARY

This section provides a summary of the VSprite operations in their proper sequence:
o Define a View structure that you can later merge with the VSprite instructions.
o Initialize the GEL system (call InitGels()). This only needs to be done once.
o Define the VSprite:

- Define height.

Animation 129

- Define on-screen position.
- Define where to find ImageData data.
- Define where to find SprColors to use.
- Define VSprite structure flags to show that this is a VSprite.
o Add the VSprite to the GEL list.
o Change the VSprite appearance by doing the following:
- Changing the pointer to ImageData.
- Changing its height.
o Change the VSprite colors by changing the pointer to SprColors.
o Move the VSprite by defining a new y,x position.
o Display the VSprite with this sequence of routines:
- ON_DISPLAY;
- ON_SPRITE;
- SortGList()
- DrawGList()
- MrgCop()
- LoadView()
Once you have mastered the basics of handling VSprites, you may want to study the next two

sections to find out how to reserve hardware sprites for use outside the VSprite system and
how to assign the VSprites.

130 Animation

VSPRITE ADVANCED TOPICS

This section describes advanced topics pertaining to VSprites. It contains details about reserv-
ing hardware sprites for use outside of the VSprite system, information about how VSprites
are assigned, and more information about VSprite colors.

Reserving Hardware Sprites

To prevent the VSprite system from using specific hardware sprites, you can write into the
variable named sprRsrvd in the GelsInfo structure. The pointer to the GelsInfo structure is
contained in the RastPort structure. If the contents of this 8-bit value is zero, then all of the
hardware sprites may be used by the VSprite system. If any of the bits is a 1, the sprite
corresponding to that bit will not be utilized by VSprites. Note that this increases the likeli-
hood of a VSprite VSOVERFLOW. See the next section, ‘‘How VSprites are Assigned,” for
further details on this topic.

Hardware sprites are reserved as shown below.

This sprite is reserved: 76543210

If this sprRsrvd bitisal: 76543210

You normally assign hardware sprites in pairs, as suggested by the following example. Suppose

you want to reserve sprites 0 and 1. Your program would typically include the following kinds
of statements:

struct RastPort myRastPort; /* the View structure is defined */

my RastPort- > GelsInfo->sprRsrvd = 0x03; /* reserve 0 and 1 */
If you reserve a hardware sprite for your own use, the system is unable to use that hardware
sprite when it makes a VSprite assignment. In addition, because pairs of hardware sprites

share color register sets, reserving one hardware sprite effectively eliminates two.

If you are using the simple sprite system to allocate sprites, you can look in the GfxBase struc-
ture to see which sprites are already in use.

Note: If Intuition is running, sprite 0 is already reserved for use as the pointer.

Animation 131

The reserved sprite status is accessible as

currentreserved = GfxBase->SpriteReserved

The next section presents a few trouble-shooting techniques for VSprite assignment.

How VSprites Are Assigned

Each VSprite can display three possible colors plus transparent. To define colors for
VSprites, you use the SprColors pointer. SprColors points to the first of three word quanti-
ties, representing the three possible pixel colors for that virtual sprite.

Although the VSprites are handled by the automatic routines, the system may run out of
sprites. If you ask that the software display more than four VSprites on a single horizontal
scan line, it is possible that one or more sprites may disappear until the conflict is resolved.

Here is the reason that the VSprite routines might have problems, and some suggestions on
how to avoid them. There are 8 real sprite DMA channels. Sprites 0 and 1 share color registers

17-19; sprites 2 and 3 share registers 21-23; sprites 4 and 5 share registers 25-27; and sprites 6
and 7 share registers 29-31.

When the VSprite routines use the sorted list of WSprite elements, they build a Copper
instruction list that decides when to reuse a sprite DMA channel. They also build a Copper
instruction stream that stuffs the color register set for the sprite selected at that time on the
screen to represent this VSprite image.

This process consists of the following steps:

1. Use real sprite O to represent the first virtual sprite. Load that virtual sprite’s colors
into the three color registers for sprite 0 (registers 17, 18, 19).

2. Now look at the rest of the virtual sprites the user wishes to display on this same hor-
izontal line.

3. If the VSprite color pointers are all different from the pointer found in the sprite 0
pointer, it will not be possible to use the real sprite 1 DMA channel for display on this
line because it shares the real sprite 0 colors.

4. Conversely, if one of the other virtual sprites to appear on this line shares the same vir-

tual color pointer, the VSprite routines can use sprite DMA channel 1 to represent
that second virtual sprite.

132 Animation

5. The VSprite routines continue to map virtual sprites against the real sprites until
either of the following events occurs:

o All virtual sprites are assigned.
o The system runs out of real sprites that it can use.
The system will run out of real sprites to use if you ask the virtual sprite system to display
more than four sprites having different pointers to their color table on the same horizontal line.
During the time that there is a conflict, one or more of your virtual sprites will disappear.
You can avoid these problems by taking the following precautions:
o Minimize the number of VSprites you wish to appear on a single horizontal line.
o If colors for some virtual sprites are the same, make sure that the pointer for each of

the VSprite structures for these virtual sprites points to the same memory location,
rather than to a duplicate set of colors elsewhere in memory.

If You Do Not Specify VSprite Colors

To pick the set of colors to use, you specify the pointer named SprColors. If you specify a 0
value for SprColors, that VSprite does not generate a color-change instruction stream for the
Copper when the system displays it. Instead, the VSprite appears drawn in the color set that
is currently written into the color registers for the hardware sprite currently selected to display
this VSprite.

Table 3-2 shows how the hardware sprites use the color registers to select their possible range of
colors:

Table 3-2: Hardware Sprite Color Registers

Hardware Sprite Color Registers

O and 1 17 - 19
2 and 3 21 - 23
4 and 5 25 - 27
6 and 7 29 - 31

During one screen display, the system may use hardware sprite number 1 to display a VSprite.
In this case, the VSprite selects its three available colors from color register numbers 17-19.
On another screen display, the system may select hardware sprite number 7 to display the same

Animation 133

VSprite. In this case, the hardware sprite uses color registers 29-31.

Therefore, if you make the SprColors pointer a 0, specifying that color does not matter, the

system may display your VSprite in any one of a set of four different possible color groupings
as indicated in the table above.

How VSprite and Playfield Colors Interact

The VSprites use system color registers 16 through 31 to hold the VSprite color selections.
There are only 32 color registers in the system. The highest 16 color registers (16-31) are shared
with the playfield color selections. If you are working in 32-color low-resolution mode, the sys-
tem makes the first 16 color selections for the playfield pixels from color registers 0-15 and then
makes the remaining color selections from color registers 16-31.

If you are using the VSprite system and specifying the colors (using SprColors) for each
VSprite, the contents of color registers 16-31 will change constantly as the video display beam
progresses down the screen. The Copper instructions change the registers to display the correct
set of colors for your VSprites depending on their positions. If you have any part of a 32-color
playfield display drawn in any of the colors shown in table 3-2, those colors will appear to flicker
and change as your VSprites move.

This problem also affects 32-color Bobs because Bobs are actually drawn as part of the
playfield display. Anything that affects the playfield affects the Bobs as well.

You can avoid this flickering and changing of colors by taking the following precautions:
o Use no more than 16 colors in the playfield display whenever you use VSprites; or

o If you are using a 32-color playfield display, do not use any colors other than 0-15, 16,
20, 24, and 28. The remaining color numbers are used by the VSprite system; or

o Specify the VSprite SprColors pointer as a value of 0. This avoids changing the con-
tents of any of the hardware sprite color registers, but may cause the VSprites to

change colors depending on their positions relative to each other, as described in the
previous section.

The first two alternatives are the easiest to implement.

134 Animation

Using Bobs

Because Bobs and VSprites are both graphics objects handled by the GEL system, they share
many of the same data requirements. VSprites and Bobs differ primarily in that Bobs are
drawn into the playfield using the blitter, while VSprites are assigned to hardware sprites.

The following sections describe how to define a Bob, including how to specify its size, select its
colors, form its image, and specify its on-screen position.

Because a Bob is a more complex object than a VSprite, you must also define various other
items, such as the color depth of the Bob, how to handle the drawing of the Bob, and certain
other variables that the GEL system requires when Bobs are used.

LINKING A BOB TO A VSPRITE STRUCTURE

To fully define a Bob, you define two different structures: a VSprite structure and a Bob
structure. The graphics animation system has been designed as a set of interrelated elements,
each of which builds on the information provided by the underlying structure to create addi-
tional versatility. The common elements—such as height, collision-handling information, posi-
tion in the drawing area, and pointers to the data definition—are part of the VSprite struc-
ture. The added features—such as drawing sequence, data about saving and restoring the
background, and other features not common to VSprites—are part of the Bob structure
instead.

The VSprite and Bob structures must point to one another, so that the system knows where

all of the appropriate variables are defined. For example, suppose your program defines two
structures that are to define a Bob named ‘“‘myBob”’ as follows:

struct Bob myBob;
struct VSprite myVSprite;

You must create a link between the two structures with a set of program statements such as:

myBob.BobVSprite = &myVSprite;
my VSprite.VSBob = &myBob;

Now the system can go back and forth between the two structures to obtain the various ele-
ments as needed to define the Bob.

Animation 135

SPECIFYING THE SIZE OF A BOB

Whereas a VSprite was limited to 16 pixels of width, a Bob can be any size you wish to define.
To specify the size of a Bob, you use not only the Height but also the Width variable. You
specify these variables in a VSprite structure associated with the Bob. Specify the width as
the number of 16-bit words it takes to fully contain the object.

As an example, suppose the Bob is 24 pixels wide and 20 lines tall. You use statements such as
the following to specify the size:

my VSprite.Height = 20; /* 20 lines tall */
myVSprite.Width = 2; /* 2 words = 24 pixels wide, rounded
* up to the next multiple of 16 pixels. */

Because Bobs are drawn into the playfield background, the pixels of the Bob are the same size

as the background pixels. With hardware sprites, the pixels are of a fixed size (low-resolution
pixels).

SPECIFYING THE COLORS OF A BOB

Because a Bob is drawn into the playfield area, it can have as many colors as the playfield area
itself. Typically a five-bit-plane, low-resolution mode display allows you to select playfield pix-
els (and therefore, Bob pixels) from any of 32 active colors out of a system palette of 4,096
different color choices. The set of colors you select for the playfield area is the set of colors the
system uses to display the Bobs.

For Bobs, the system ignores the SprColors variable in the VSprite structure. You use the
Depth variable in the VSprite structure to define how much data is provided to define the
Bob. This variable also defines how many different colors you can choose for each of the pixels

of a Bob.

The Depth variable specifies how many bit-plane images the system must retrieve from the
Bob image data area to make up the Bob. These are called bit-plane images as the system will
write each image into a different bit-plane. The combination of bits in identical y,x positions in
each bit-plane determines the color of the pixel at that position.

For example, if you specify only one plane, then the bits of that image let you select only two
different colors: one color for each bit that is a 0, a second color for each bit that is a1. Like-
wise, if there are 5 images stored sequentially and you specify a depth of 5, each image contri-
butes one bit for each position in the image to the color number selector, allowing up to 32
different choices of color for each Bob pixel.

136 Animation

You specify depth using a statement such as the following:

my VSprite.Depth = 5; /* allow 32 colors; requires that a
* 5-bit-plane image be present in data area. */

SPECIFYING THE SHAPE OF A BOB

The organization of a Bob in memory is different from that of a VSprite because of the way
the system retrieves data to draw Bobs. To define a Bob, you must still initialize the

ImageData pointer to point to the first word of the image definition; however, the layout of
the data is different for Bobs than for VSprites.

The sample image below shows the same image defined as a VSprite in the ‘‘Using VSprites”’
section above. The data, however, is stored in a way typical of a Bob.

If a shape is 2 bits “deep” and is a triangular shape, you would lay it out in memory as follows:

<first bit-plane data>

mem 1111111111111111
mem-+ 1 0011000000001100
mem+2 0000111111110000
mem +3 0000001111000000
mem + 4 00000001 10000000

<second bit-plane data>

mem+o9 II111111111111111
mem+6 0011111111111100
mem +7 00001100001 10000
mem+8 0000001111000000
mem +9 00000001 10000000

<<third bit-plane data>
<<fourth bit-plane data>

<<fifth bit-plane data>

To state the width of the Bob image, you use 16-bit words. The Width value is the number of
words that fully contain the image. For example, you store a 29-bit wide image in 32 bits (2
data words of 16 bits each) for each line of its data.

Animation 137

You still specify the number of lines with the Height variable in the VSprite data structure.
However, you treat Height somewhat differently for a Bob than for a VSprite. Specifically,
for a VSprite, two adjacent data words that always occur together define the colors of each
VSprite pixel. For a Bob, the Height variable defines how many adjacent data words it takes
to define one complete bit-plane image. That is, for a Bob the number of adjacent data words
in each bit-plane image definition is given by the following formula: Height x Width.

The Depth variable defines how many adjacent (end-to-end) images there are in the data area

to define the shape of the Bob. See the example at the end of the ““PlaneOnOff”’ section below.

OTHER ITEMS INFLUENCING BOB COLORS

Three other variables in the VSprite structure affect the color of Bob pixels: PlanePick,
ImageShadow, and PlaneOnoff.

PlanePick

Assume that you have defined a playfield composed of five bit-planes. The variable PlanePick
in the VSprite structure lets you specify which of the bit-planes are to be affected when the

system draws the Bob. PlanePick binary values affect the bit-planes according to the follow-
ing pattern:

Draw Bob into this bit-planes 543210
If this PlanePick bit is a 1: 543210

For example, if PlanePick has a binary value of:

00011

then the system draws the first bit-plane image of the Bob into bit-plane 0 and the second
image into bit-plane 1.

Suppose that you still want to define an image of only 2 bit-planes, but wish to draw the Bob
into bit-planes 1 and 4 instead of 0 and 1. Simply choose a PlanePick value of:

10010

This value means ‘“‘write first image into plane 1, second image into plane 4.”

138 Animation

ImageShadow

The variable named ImageShadow is a pointer to a memory area that you have reserved for
holding the shadow mask of a Bob. A shadow mask is the logical or combination of all 1-bits
of a Bob image. There is a variable in the VSprite structure called CollMask (pointer to a
collision mask, covered under “Topics Common to Both VSprites and Bobs’’) for which you
reserve some memory space. The ImageShadow and CollMask pointers usually, but not
necessarily, point to the same data.

Figure 3-2 shows an example of a shadow mask with only the 1 bits.

If this is the image in: Then its !mage Shadow is:

Plane 1 Plane 2
1711111111111 1711111111117

Figure 3-2: An Image and Its ImageShadow

The system uses the shadow mask along with the variable PlaneOnOff, discussed in the next
section. Because ImageShadow in the Bob structure is a pointer to a data area containing
the sprite shadow, you must provide space that the the system can use for this purpose. You
must then initialize the pointer to the first location within the data area that you have set
aside. You can calculate the minimum size of this area as follows:

shadow size = Height * Width

So, for example, an object 5 lines high by 32 bits wide (VSprite or Bob) requires a sprite sha-
dow storage area of at least 5 x 2, or ten 16-bit locations. The example in the “PlaneOnOff”’
section below shows how to reserve the memory for the sprite shadow and how to tell the sys-
tem where to find it.

Animation 139

PlaneOnOff

The variable named PlaneOnOff tells the system what to do with the playfields that are not
“picked” (affected) by PlanePick. The binary bit positions for PlaneOnOff are the same as
those for PlanePick (lowest bit position specifies the lowest-numbered bit-plane). However,
their meaning differs. For every plane position not selected by PlanePick, parts of the non-
selected plane are filled with the value shown in the corresponding position of PlaneOnOff.
The parts that are filled are the positions where there is a 1-bit present in the sprite’s image
shadow.

This provides a great deal of versatility. You can use a two-plane VSprite image as the source
for many Bob images. Yet, because of the color combinations each contains, it may seem that
there are several different images present.

For example, assume that the data shown in the Bob layout above defines a two-bit-plane Bob
image that selects its colors from color registers 0, 1, 4, and 5. To initialize the Bob and
VSprite structures, you need to provide the following types of statements:

/* data definition from example layout */
WORD BobData| |= {
OxFFFF, 0x300C, 0xOFFO, 0x03CO, 0x0180,
OxF FFF, 0x3FFC, 0x0C30, 0x03CO, 0x0180

vs

/* reserve space for the collision mask for this Bob */

WORD BobCollision[10];

my VSprite.Width — 1; /* sample image is 16 pixels wide (1 word) */
my VSprite.Height = 5; /* takes 5 lines to define each image of the Bob */
my VSprite.Depth = 2; /* only two bit-plane images are defined in BobData */

/* show the system where it can find the data image of the Bob */
my VSprite.ImageData = BobData;

/* binary = 00101, means draw into only bit-planes 0 and 2 */
my VSprite.PlanePick = 0x05;

/* binary = 00000, means for planes not picked, that is, 1, 3, and 4,
«fill those planes with 0’s wherever there is a 1 in the sprite shadow mask

wi

my VSprite.PlaneOnOff = 0x00;

/* where to put collision mask */
my VSprite.CollMask = BobCollision;

140 Animation

/* tell the system where it can assemble a sprite shadow */
/* point to same area as CollMask */
my Bob.ImageShadow = BobCollision;

/* create the sprite collision mask for this Bob’s VSprite structure */
InitMasks( &myVSprite );

Whenever the system draws this Bob, it fills any position where there is a 1 in the sprite sha-
dow with a O for any plane not selected by PlanePick. Therefore, the only binary combina-
tions the Bob pixels can form are as shown below. Because of PlanePick, 1s can appear only
at these two locations: 00101. So the color choices are limited to the following:

Color Binary
Selected Combination

color 0 00000
color 1 00001
color 4 00100
color 5 00101

These color choices fulfill the requirements specified for the example.

To select the position of a Bob, specify the y and x variables in the VSprite structure associ-
ated with the Bob. For example:

my VSprite.Y = 100;
my VSprite.X = 100;

BOB PRIORITIES

This section describes the two choices you have for system priorities between Bobs. You can
ignore the priority issue and let the system decide which Bob has the highest priority, or you
can specify the drawing order yourself. When you specify the drawing order, you control which
Bob the system draws last, and therefore, which one appears in front of other Bobs.

Letting the System Decide Priorities

If you want the system to decide, you set the Before and After pointers in the Bob data
structure to zero. In this case, the system draws the Bobs in their y,x positional order on the
screen. In other words, the system draws whichever object is on the screen and is currently the
highest within the drawing area (lowest y coordinate value). If two objects have the same y
coordinate, the object that has the lowest x coordinate value is drawn first.

Animation 141

The Bob drawn first has the lowest priority. The Bob drawn last has the highest priority
because later objects overlap the objects drawn earlier.

As you use the animation system to move objects past each other on the screen, you will notice
that sometimes the objects switch priorities as they pass each other. For example, suppose you
want the system to establish the priorities of the Bobs, and there are two Bobs defined in the
system — myBob2 and myBob3. You set the Before and After pointers as follows:

my Bob2.Before = 0;
myBob2.After = 0;
my Bob3.Before = 0;
myBob3.After = 0;

Specifying the Drawing Order

If you wish to specify the priorities, simply specify the pointers as follows. Before points to the
Bob that this Bob should be drawn before, and After points to the Bob that this Bob should
be drawn after. This guarantees that Bob objects retain their relative priorities.

For example, suppose you want to assure that myBob3 always appears in front of myBob2.
You must initialize the Before and After pointers so that the system will always draw myBob3
last; that is, after myBob2.

myBob2.Before = &myBob3; /* draw Bob2 before drawing Bob3 */

myBob2.After = 0; /* draw Bob2 after no other Bob */
myBob3.After = &myBob2; /* draw Bob3 after drawing Bob2 */
myBob3.Before = 0; /* draw Bob3 before no other Bob */

/* draw nothing in particular after this Bob */

If you decide to specify the Before and After pointers for any one Bob in a group, then you
must also at least set the Before and After pointers to zero for all of the rest of the Bobs in
that group.

For example, if there are ten Bobs and you only care that the system draws numbers 4, 6, and
9 in that sequence, you must properly fill in the Before and After pointers for these three
Bobs. If you do not care in which order the system draws the other seven Bobs, you need only
initialize their Before and After pointers to a value of 0 to assure correct treatment by the
system.

You must properly point all Before and After pointers of a group to each other because the
Bob that is the upper-leftmost becomes the first the system considers for drawing. The system
follows the Before pointers until it finds one having a zero value, and draws that Bob first. It
then draws other Bobs in the sequence you have specified.

142 Animation

In the example code sequence above, the comment “draw nothing in particular after this Bob”
simply means that once the drawing sequence for this set of Bobs has been performed, the sys-
tem still proceeds to find and draw all other Bobs currently linked into the GEL list. To con-

tinue the drawing operation, the system simply goes on searching the list for the next Bob
whose Before pointer is 0.

Specifying Priority between Bobs and VSprites

See ‘Topics Common to Both VSprites and Bobs” below for details.

SAVING THE PLAYFIELD DISPLAY

Once the system has drawn the Bobs, they become part of the playfield segment of the display.
The image of a Bob overlays part of the background area. To move a Bob from one place to
another, you must tell the system to save the background before it draws the Bob and to
restore the background to its original condition when it moves the Bob.

A variable called sprFlag in the VSprite structure contains a flag called SAVEBACK. To

cause the system to save and restore the background for that Bob, set the SAVEBACK flag to
1.

In addition to the sprF lag variable, you must also tell the system where it can put this saved
background area. For this, you use the SaveBuffer variable. For example, if the Bob is 48

pixels wide and 20 lines high, and the system is drawing it into a playfield of five bit-planes, you
must allocate space for storing the following:

(48 pixels/16 pixels per word) * (20 lines) * (5 bit-planes) = 300 words
To allocate this space, use the graphics function AllocRaster(). When you use AllocRaster()

for this purpose, you can specify the area size in bits, so it may well be the most convenient way
to reserve the space you need. For example:

my Bob.SaveBuffer = AllocRaster(48,20 * 5);
/* save space to store 48 bits times 20 words times 5 bit-planes */

Note that the AllocRaster() function rounds the width value up to the next integer multiple of
16 bits.

Animation 143

USING BOB FLAGS

The following sections describe the Bob flags. Some of these are in the VSprite structure asso-
ciated with the Bob; others are in the Bob structure itself. The description of each flag tells
the structure in which the flag is located.

VSPRITE Flag

If you are using the VSprite structure to describe a Bob, set VSPRITE to zero.

The VSPRITE flag is located in the VSprite structure.

SAVEBACK Flag

If you want the GEL routines to save the background before the Bob is drawn and to restore
the background after the Bob is removed, set the SAVEBACK (for ‘“‘save the background”’) flag
in the VSprite structure to 1.

If you set this flag, you must have allocated the buffer named SaveBuffer.

OVERLAY Flag

If the system should use the sprite shadow mask when it draws the Bob into the background,
set the OVERLAY flag in the VSprite structure to 1. If this flag is set, it means that the
background original colors show through in any section where there are 0 bits in the sprite sha-
dow mask. Essentially, then, those O bits define areas of the Bob that are “‘transparent.”’

If you set the OVERLAY bit to a value of 0, the system uses the entire rectangle of words that
define the Bob image and uses its contents to replace the playfield area at the specified y,x

coordinates.

If you set this flag, you must have allocated space for and initialized the ImageShadow sha-
dow mask. See the section above called “Sprite Shadow Mask” for details on the shadow mask.

144 Animation

GELGONE Flag

The system sets this flag in the VSprite structure to indicate when the Bob has been moved to
y,x coordinates entirely outside of the “clipping region.”’

When an object crosses over certain specified boundaries in the drawing area, the system does
not draw all of the object into the background but “clips” (truncates) it to those limits. At the
time of this writing, the variables named topmost, bottommost, leftmost, and rightmost
define the minimum and maximum y,x coordinates of this clipping region.

When the system sets the GELGONE flag to a 1, you know that the object has passed entirely
beyond those limits and that the system will not draw any part of the object into the drawing
area. On the basis of that information, you may decide that the object need no longer be part
of the GEL list and may decide to remove it to speed up the consideration of other objects.

SAVEBOB Flag

To tell the system not to erase the old image of the Bob when the Bob is moved, set the
SAVEBOB flag in the Bob structure to 1. This lets you use the Bob like a paintbrush if you
wish. It has the opposite effect of SAVEBACK.

Note: It takes longer to preserve and restore the raster image than simply to draw a new Bob
image wherever required.

BOBISCOMP Flag

If this Bob is part of an AnimComp, set the BOBISCOMP flag in the Bob structure to 1. If
the flag is a 1, you must also initialize the pointer named BobComp. Otherwise, the system
ignores the pointer, and it may be left alone. See ’’Animation Structures and Controls” for a
discussion of AnimComps.

BWAITING Flag

When a Bob is waiting to be drawn, the system sets the BWAITING flag in the Bob structure
to 1. This occurs only if the system has found a Before pointer in this Bob’s structure that
points to another Bob. Thus, the system flag BWAITING provides current draw-status to the
system. Currently, the system clears this flag on return from each call to DrawGList().

Animation 145

BDRAWN Flag

The BDRAWN system status flag in the Bob structure tells the system that this Bob has
already been drawn. Therefore, in the process of examining the various Before and After
flags, the drawing routines may determine the drawing sequence. Currently, the system clears
this flag on return from each call to DrawGList().

BOBSAWAY Flag

To initiate the removal of a Bob during the next call to DrawGList(), set BOBSAWAY to 1.
Either you or the system may set this Bob structure system flag. The system restores the
background where it has last drawn the Bob. The system will unlink the Bob from the system
GEL list the next time DrawGList() is called unless you are using double-buffering. In that
case, the Bob will not be unlinked and completely removed until two calls to DrawGList()
have occurred and the Bob has been removed from both buffers.

BOBNIX Flag

When a Bob has been completely removed, the system sets the BOBNIX flag to 1 on return
from DrawGList(). In other words, when the background area has been fully restored and the
Bob has been removed from the GEL list, this flag in the removed Bob is set toa 1. BOBNIX
is significant when you use double-buffering, because once you ask that a Bob be removed, the
system must remove it from the active drawing buffer and from the display buffer. Once
BOBNIX has been set for a double-buffered Bob, it has been removed from both buffers and
you are free to reuse it or deallocate it.

This flag is in the Bob structure.

SAVEPRESERVE Flag

The SAVEPRESERVE flag is a double-buffer version of the SAVEBACK flag. If you are using
double-buffering and wish to save and restore the background, you set SAVEBACK to 1.
SAVEPRESERVE is used by the system to indicate whether the Bob in the ‘other’ buffer has
been restored; it is for system use only.

146 Animation

ADDING A BOB

To add a Bob to the system GEL list (the same list you created for VSprites using
InitGels()), you use the AddBob() routine. It is advisable that you initialize the different

variables you plan to use within the Bob structure before you ask that the system add this
Bob to the list.

For example:

struct GelsInfo my GelsInfo;

struct VSprite dummySpriteA, dummySpriteB;
struct Bob myBob;

/* done ONCE, for this GelsInfo */
InitGels( &dummySpriteA, &dummySpriteB, &myGelsInfo );

/* here initialize the Bob variables * /

AddBob( &myBob, &rastport );

REMOVING A BOB

Two methods may be used to remove a Bob. This section describes the system routine for each
method.

The first method uses the RemBob() routine. You call this routine as follows:

RemBob ( &myBob, &rastport );

RemBob() causes the system to remove the Bob during the next call to DrawGList() (or two

calls to DrawGList() if the system is double-buffered). RemBob() asks the system to remove
the Bob “at its next convenience.”’

The second method uses the RemIBob() routine. For example:

RemIBob ( &myBob, &rastport, &viewport );

RemIBob() tells the system “remove this Bob immediately!” It causes the system to erase the
Bob from the drawing area and causes the immediate erasure of any other Bob that had been
drawn subsequent to this one. The system then unlinks the Bob from the system GEL list. To

redraw the Bobs that were drawn on top of the one just removed, you must make another call
to DrawGList().

Animation 147

GETTING THE LIST OF BOBS IN ORDER

Like the list of VSprites, the list of GELS must be in the proper y,x sorted order from top of
screen to bottom and from left to right. The system uses the position information to decide
drawing sequences if you have not specified otherwise by using the Before and After pointers.
You must therefore assure that the GEL list is sorted before you ask the system to display the
Bobs.

To sort the GEL list, you call SortGList(). For example:

SortGList( &rastport );

DISPLAYING BOBS

This section provides the typical sequence of operations for drawing the Bobs on the screen. It
is very similar to that shown for VSprites, as both Bobs and VSprites are GELS and are part
of the same list of controlled objects.

Specifically, the system automatically synchronizes the drawing routines to the display beam
and may not require that the display be turned off during the update. If large Bobs or many
Bobs are created, you may be interested in double-buffering. See the section called ‘‘Double-
Buffering” in this chapter for details.

When you call DrawGList(), the system actually draws any Bobs on this list into the area you
have specified. The system saves the backgrounds if you have provided for the save and then

performs the drawing sequence in the order you requested. To initiate this drawing, call
DrawGList(). For example:

struct RastPort *rp;
struct ViewPort *vp;

DrawGList(rp, vp); /* draw the elements */

CHANGING BOBS

You can change the following characteristics of Bobs:
o To change their appearance, change the pointer to the ImageData in the associated

VSprite structure. Note that the change in the ImageData pointer also requires a
change in the ImageShadow or a recalculation of the object mask, using InitMasks().

148 Animation

o To change their color choices, change their PlanePick and/or PlaneOnOff values;
also change the depth parameters if the sprite image has multiple planes defined.

o To change the location in the drawing area, change the y,x values in the associated
VSprite structure.

o To change the object priorities, change the drawing sequence by altering the Before
and After flags in the Bob structures.

o To change the Bob into a paintbrush, set the SAVEBOB flag to a 1 in the Bob
structure.

Note: Neither these nor other changes actually happen until you call SortGList() and then
DrawGList().

DOUBLE-BUFFERING

Double-buffering is the technique of supplying two different memory areas in which the drawing
routines may create images. The system displays one memory space while you are drawing into
the other area. This assures that you never see any display fields on the screen that consist
partly of old material and partly of new material.

The system animation routines use an extension that you establish to the Bob structure. Also,

if you do not care to use double-buffering, you need not tie up precious memory resources for
unneeded variable storage space.

To find whether a Bob is to be double-buffered, the system examines the pointer named
DBuffer in the Bob structure. If this pointer has a value of 0, the system does not use

double-buffering for this Bob.

Note: If you do not wish to use double-buffering, you must initialize the DBuffer pointer to
zero. For example:

myBob.DBuffer = 0; /* do this if this Bob is NOT double-buffered */

The next section discusses several other variables that you must describe if you want to use

double-buffering. Note: if any of the Bobs are double-buffered, then all of them must be
double- buffered.

Animation 149

Variables Used in Double-Buffering

To use double-buffering for a given Bob, you must provide a data packet for the system to
store some of the variables it needs to handle double-buffering. This data packet is a structure
named DBufPacket that consists of the following variables:

BufY, BufX
System variables that let the system keep track of where the object was located “‘last
screen” (as compared to the Bob structure variables called oldY and oldX that tell
where the object was two screens ago). BufY and BufX provide for correct restoration
of the background within the currently active drawing buffer.

BufPath
System variable related to the drawing order used to draw this Bob into the back-
ground. BufPath assures that the system restores the backgrounds in the correct

sequence; it relates to the system variables DrawPath and ClearPath (found in this
Bob’s VSprite structure).

BufBuffer

You must set this field to point to a buffer as big as this Bob’s SaveBuffer to allocate
separate space for buffering the background on which you are drawing the Bob. This

buffer is used to store the background for later restoration when the system moves the
object.

The next section shows how to pull all these variables together to make a double-buffered Bob.

Creating a Double-Buffered Bob

To create a double-buffered Bob, you must initialize all of the normal Bob variables and
pointers and execute a code sequence similar to the following:

struct DBufPacket myDBufPacket;

/* allocate a DBufPacket for myBob */

/* same size as previous example in “Saving the Playfield Display” */
myDBufPacket.BufBuffer = AllocRaster( 48, 20 * 5 );

/* tell Bob about its double buff status */
myBob.DBuffer = myDBufPacket;

150 Animation

BOB OPERATIONS SUMMARY

The following steps are involved in defining, moving, and displaying a Bob:
o Define a RastPort structure for the drawing routine to use.

o Initialize the GEL system (call InitGels()) for this RastPort. You only need to do
this once.

o Create and link a Bob and a VSprite structure.
o Define the following Bob parameters:

- Height

- Width

- Depth

- Position

- Where to find ImageData data

- Which planes to pick for writing this Bob

- How to treat the planes not picked

- VSprite structure flags to show that this is a Bob

- Space for the sprite shadow

- Pointer to a DBufPacket if you want to use double-buffering (otherwise, make
this pointer a NULL (0) value)

o Call InitMasks() to create the sprite shadow.
o Add the Bob to the GEL list.
o Change the Bob appearance by

- Changing the pointer to ImageData

- Changing its height, width or depth

Animation 151

o Change the Bob colors by

- Changing the playfield color set

- Changing PlanePick and PlaneOnOff
o Move the Bob by defining a new y,x position.
o Display the Bob by calling:

- SortGList();

- DrawGList();

Now that you’ve mastered the basics of handling VSprites and Bobs, you may want to find
out about some of the interactions between the two and how to cope with these interactions.
Or, you may want to skip these advanced topics and read about software collisions, clipping,
and adding new features in ‘“‘VSprite and Bob Topics”’ below.

BOB ADVANCED TOPICS

How Bob Colors Are Controlled

Bobs do not use the SprColor pointer. To determine the color of a Bob, you use the existing
colors in the 32-entry color table. The lower 16 of the 32 possible color selections (registers 0-
15) are always dedicated to playfield color selections, providing 16 unique colors for the Bobs,
since they are playfield objects.

However, the playfields and the VSprites share the upper 16 of the 32 color entries (registers
16-31). If you are using five bit-planes to display the Bobs, any Bob with a pixel whose color
value exceeds 15 may change color if the virtual sprites are running at the same time.

Note: This also applies to any static part of the display area (the playfield), whether a Bob or
simply part of the background display, for which a five- or six-bit-plane image is used if the
color number for a specific pixel exceeds the value of 15.

To explain further, the virtual sprite routines, notably SortGList() and DrawGList(), work
together to decide which real sprite will be used at any point on the screen. DrawGList()
makes up a Copper instruction list to change the contents of the upper 16 color registers,
perhaps several times within a single display field. Therefore, depending on where a Bob image
is on the screen relative to a virtual sprite, and depending on its color content, a Bob may take
on different colors (perhaps even within only a part of its body).

152 Animation

To minimize color interactions between Bobs and virtual sprites, take the appropriate precau-
tions:

o Limit the background to four or fewer bit-planes and thus limit the Bob color choices
to 16 or fewer.

o Use five bit-planes, but specify Bob colors or background colors from the colors 0
through 15 or 16, 20, 24, or 28 only. Colors 16, 20, 24, and 28 are used neither by real
sprites nor by virtual sprites and are treated as transparent areas. Therefore, if you use
only these colors for Bobs, the simultaneous use of virtual sprites will not affect the
Bob or background colors.

o Use sprRsrvd to ‘“‘fence-off’’ certain sprite pairs, so you can also use their colors for

Bobs.

Topics Common to Both VSprites and Bobs

DETECTING GEL COLLISIONS

To detect collisions between graphics elements, you use the DoCollision() routine. DoColli-
sion() determines if there are any pixels of one graphics element currently touching those of
another graphics element or if any of the graphics elements have passed outside of specified
screen boundaries.

Whenever there is a collision, the system performs one of 16 possible collision routines. The
addresses of the collision routines are kept in a table called the collision handler table. DoCol-
lision() examines the HitMask and MeMask of each of the VSprite structures in the GEL
list and determines if there is a collision between any two GELS. It then calls the collision-
handler routine at the table position corresponding to the bits in the HitMask and MeMask,
as outlined below.

Note: The current form of these routines does not use the built-in hardware collision detection.
You may, if you wish, reserve one or more sprites for your own use and move them using your
own routines. When specific sprites have been reserved for your own use, you may choose to
use the hardware collision detection to sense collisions between your own objects and other on-
screen elements. See the Amiga Hardware Reference Manual for information about hardware
collision detection.

Animation 153

Default Kinds of Collisions

Two kinds of software collisions are handled by the collision routines: boundary hits and GEL-

to-GEL hits.

You can set up routines to handle as many as 16 different kinds of collisions using the VSprite
structure MeMask and HitMask. When you call a collision routine, you give it certain kinds
of information about the colliding elements, as described in the next two sections.

Boundary Hits

During the operation of the DoCollision() routines, if you have enabled boundary collisions for
a GEL and that GEL crosses a boundary, the system calls the boundary-hit routine you have

defined. Note that the system calls the routine once for each GEL that has gone outside of the
boundary.

The system will call your routine with the following two arguments:
o A pointer to the VSprite structure of the GEL that hit the boundary
o A flag word containing one to four bits set, representing top, bottom, left and right

boundaries, telling you which one or more boundaries it has hit or exceeded. To test

these, use the names TOPHIT, BOTTOMHIT, LEFTHIT, and RIGHTHIT.

GEL-to-GEL Collisions

If, instead of a GEL-to-boundary collision, DoCollision() senses a GEL-to-GEL collision, the
system calls your collision routine with the following two parameters. They will be different
from those in the GEL-to-boundary collision.

o Address of the VSprite structure that defines the uppermost (or leftmost if y coordi-
nates are identical) object of a colliding pair

o Address of the VSprite structure that defines the lowermost (or rightmost if y coordi-
nates are identical) object of a colliding pair

154 Animation

Handling Multiple Collisions

When multiple elements collide within the same display field, the following set of sequential calls
to the collision routines occurs:

o The system issues each call in a sorted order for GELs starting at the upper left-hand
corner of the screen and proceeding to the right and down the screen.

o For any two colliding graphics elements, the system issues only one call to the collision
routine for this pair. The system bases the collision call on the object that is the
highest and leftmost of the pair on the screen.

Preparing for Collision Detection

Before you can use the system to detect collisions between GELS, you must initialize the table
of collision-detection routines. This table points to the actual routines that you will use for the
various collision types you have defined. Also, you must prepare certain variables and pointers
within the VSprite structure: BorderLine, CollMask, HitMask, and MeMask.

Building a Table of Collision Routines

To add to or change the table entries for the collision routines, call the SetCollision() routine.
The syntax for this routine follows:

SetCollision( num, routine, Ginfo)
where

num
is the collision vector number

routine
is a pointer to the user collision routine

GInfo

is a pointer to a GelsInfo structure

When the View structure is first initialized, the system sets all of the values of the collision rou-
tine pointers to zero. You must initialize those table entries so that they correspond to the
HitMask and MeMask bits that you have set. Only those table entries can cause the system
to call the collision routines.

Animation 155

You must also allocate a table, pointed to by GelsInfo, for vectors. The table needs to be only
as large as the number of bits for which you wish to provide collision processing. For example:

VOID myCollisionRoutine( GELM, GELN ) /* sample collision routine */
struct VSprite *GELM;

struct VSprite *GELN;
{

printf(”GEL at %lx has hit GEL at %lx”, (long)GELM, (long)GELN);
}

/* sample initialization */
Ready Gels(gelsinfo, rastport);/* use exec_support function */
SetCollision( 15, myCollisionRoutine, &gelsinfo );

Collision Mask

The variable named CollMask is a pointer to a memory area that you have reserved for hold-
ing the collision mask of a GEL. A collision mask is usually the same as the shadow mask of
the GEL, formed from a logical-or combination of all 1 bits in all planes of the image. Figure
3-3 shows an example collision mask.

If this is the image in: Then its CollMask its:

Plane 1 Plane 2
1111111111117 171111111171111171

Figure 3-3: A Collision Mask

You normally use this collision mask to control drawing of the object and to define essentially
the positions where there is an image bit present. After you have defined the collision mask

through the routine InitMasks(), you may specify that the system is to store both the shadow
mask and the collision mask in the same location.

For example, here are typical program statements to reserve an area for the sprite shadow, ini-
tialize the pointer correctly, and then specify that the system uses the same mask for collisions
(this example assumes a two-word-wide, four-line-high image):

156 Animation

/* reserve 8 16-bit locations for sprite
* shadow to be stored into by the system.
*
/
WORD myShadowData{8];
/* and point to it */
my VSprite.ImageShadow = myShadowData;
/* collision mask is same as shadow */
my VSprite.CollMask = myShadowData;

As an alternative, for certain game-oriented applications, you may design certain objects with
sensitive regions and non-sensitive regions. Suppose you have an object, such as a spaceship,
with an outer layer that is to be non-sensitive and an inner core that is to register collisions for
the overall object. You would define your shadow mask with 1 bits in the appropriate positions
to define the desired sensitive area. An example using this type of image is shown in figure 3-4.

If the current CollMask is: Perhaps you only want to
have a sensitive area which
has this shape:

1111111111111

Figure 3-4: Shadow Mask for a Sensitive Area

BorderLine Image

For fast collision detection, the system uses the pointer named BorderLine. BorderLine
specifies the location of the horizontal logical-or combination of all of the bits of the object. It
may be compared to taking the whole object and squashing it down into one single horizontal
line. Here is a sample of an object and its BorderLine image:

Animation 157

OBJECT

001100001100
000110011000
000011110000
000110011000
001100001100

BORDERLINE IMAGE
001111111100
The borderline image establishes a single set of words (represented by the collision mask) that
have 1 bits at the outermost edges of the object. Using this squashed image, the system can
quickly determine if the image is touching the left or rightmost boundary of the drawing area.
To establish the borderline data, you make a system call to InitMasks(). Before calling
InitMasks(), you provide the system with a place to store the image it creates. The size of the

data area you reserve must be at least as large as the image is wide.

In other words, if it takes three 16-bit words to hold the width of a GEL, then you must reserve
three words for the borderline image. For example:

/* reserve some space for the border image to be stored for this Bob */
WORD myBorderLineData/|3];

/* tell the system where to put the BorderLine image it will form */
my VSprite.BorderLine = myBorderLineData;

Note: Both Bobs and VSprites participate in the software collision detection.
The next section tells how to turn on the software collision detection independently for each

GEL.

Software Collision-Detect Control Variables

You can enable or disable software collision detection for each GEL independently. In addition,
any time the system senses a collision, you can specify which of 16 possible collision routines
you wish to have automatically executed. The HitMask and MeMask variables in the
VSprite structure let you specify the relationships between different GELS.

158 Animation

By specifying the bits in these masks, you can control how and when the system senses colli-
sions between objects. The collision testing routine, in addition to sensing an overlap between
objects, also uses these masks to determine which routine(s) (if any) the system will call when a
collision occurs.

When the system determines a collision, it ands the HitMask of the upper-leftmost object in
the colliding pair with the MeMask of the lower-rightmost object of the pair. The bits that
are ls after the and operation choose which of the 16 possible collision routines to perform.

o If the collision is with the boundary, bit 0 is a 1 and the system calls the collision han-
dling routine number 0. You assign bit 0 to the condition called ‘‘boundary hit.” The
system uses the flag called BORDERHIT to indicate that an object has landed on or
moved beyond the outermost bounds of the drawing area (the edge of the clipping
region).

o If you set any one of the other bits (1 to 15), then the system calls the collision han-
dling routine corresponding to the set bit.

If more than one bit is set in both masks, the system calls the vector corresponding to the right-
most bit.

Using HitMask and MeMask

This section provides an example of the use of the HitMask and MeMask to define a new
form of collision detection.

Suppose there are two classes of objects that you wish to control on the screen: ENEMYTANK
and MYMISSILE. Objects of class ENEMYTANK should be able to pass across one another
without registering any collisions. Objects of class MYMISSILE should also be able to pass
across one another without collisions. However, when MYMISSILE collides with ENEMYTANK
or ENEMYTANK collides with MYMISSILE, the system should process a collision routine.

Choose a pair of collision detect bits not yet assigned within MeMask, one to represent
ENEMYTANK, the other to represent MYMISSILE. You will use the same two bits in the
corresponding HitMask.

Animation 159

MeMask HitMask

Bit # 21 21

GEL #1 01 10 ENEMYTANK
GEL #2 01 10 ENEMYTANK
GEL #3 1 0 01 MYMISSILE

In the example, bit 1 represents ENEMYTANK objects. In the MeMask, bit 1 is a 1 for GEL

#1 and says “I am an ENEMYTANK.” Bit 2 is a zero says this object is not a MYMISSILE
object.

In bit 1 of the HitMask of GEL #1, the O bit there says, “I will not register collisions with
other ENEMYTANK objects.’’ However, the 1 bit in bit 2 says, “I will register collisions with
MYMISSILE objects.”

Thus when a call to DoCollision() occurs, for any objects that appear to be colliding, the sys-
tem ands the MeMask of one object with the HitMask of the other object. If there are non-
zero bits present, the system will call one (or more) of your collision routines.

In this example, suppose that the system senses a collision between ENEMYTANK #1 and
ENEMYTANK #2. Suppose also that ENEMYTANK #1 is the top/leftmost object of the
pair. Here is the way that the collision testing routine performs the test to see if the system will
call any collision-handling routines:

Bit #

| bo
| ==

ENEMYTANK #1 MeMask 0 1

p—_
©

ENEMYTANK #2 HitMask

Result of and 0 O

Therefore, the system does not call a collision routine.

Suppose that DoCollision() finds an overlap between ENEMYTANK #1 and MYMISSILE,
and MYMISSILE is the top/leftmost of the pair:

160 Animation

Bit # 2 1
MYMISSILE #1 MeMask 1 0
ENEMYTANK #2 HitMask 1 0
Result of and 1 0

Therefore, the system calls the collision routine at position 2 in the table of collision-handling
routines.

BOB/VSPRITE COLLISION BOUNDARIES WITHIN A RASTPORT

To specify a region within the RastPort (drawing area) that the system will use to define the
outermost limits of the GEL boundaries, you use the following variables: topmost, bottom-
most, leftmost, and rightmost. The DoCollision() routine tests these boundaries when
determining collisions within this RastPort.

Here is a typical program segment that assigns the variables correctly. It assumes that you
already have a RastPort structure named myRastPort.

my RastPort- > GelsInfo->topmost = 50;

my RastPort- > GelsInfo- >bottommost = 100;
my RastPort- > GelsInfo-> leftmost = 80;

my RastPort- > GelsInfo->rightmost = 240;

The current release of the system software makes use of the clipping-rectangle feature of the
RastPorts to create clipping to the RastPort’s limits. However, you may base the “boundary
collision” limits for this RastPort on the variables shown here.

ADDING NEW FEATURES TO BOB/VSPRITE DATA STRUCTURES

This section describes how to expand the size and scope of the VSprite or Bob data structures.
In the definition for the VSprite and the Bob structures, there is an item called UserExt at
the end of the structure. If you want to add something to these structures (specifically, a user
extension), you simply specify that the UserExt variable is composed of a specific type.

Why would you want to add things to the structure? When the DoCollision() routine passes

control to your collision-processing function, you may wish to change some variable associated
with the GEL. The example below places speed and acceleration figures with each GEL. When

Animation 161

you perform the collision routine, it exchanges these values between the two colliding objects.
The system uses additional routines during the no-collision times to calculate the new positions
for the objects.

You could define a structure similar to the following:

struct myInfo {
short xvelocity;
short yvelocity;
short xaccel;
short yaccel;

3

that you want to have associated with each of the GELS. These variables are, for example,
your user extensions.

You would also provide the following line:

For VSprites:
#define VUserStuff struct myInfo

For Bobs:
#-define BUserStuff struct myInfo

For Anim Obs:
#-define AUserStuff struct myInfo

When the system is compiling the graphics/gels.h file with your program, the compiler substi-
tutes “struct myInfo’’ everywhere that UserExt is used in the header. The structure is thereby
customized to include the items you wish to associate with it.

Note: The header files include the following UserStuff variables for VSprites, Bobs, and
AnimObs:

VSprites: VUserStuff

Bobs: BUserStuff
AnimObs: AUserStuff

162 Animation

Animation Structures and Controls

This section outlines the system animation support for Bobs only. In the section called ‘‘Bob
Priorities”’ you learned how to control the priorities of Bobs with respect to one another by
specifying the drawing sequence. The following sections explain how to link objects and how to
specify an animation completely by linking different views of objects into a sequence.

To perform animation, an artist produces a series of drawings. Each drawing differs from the
preceding one so that when they are sequenced, the object appears to move naturally. An ani-
mation in the Amiga consists of a linked list of the components of the animation object and
each component as a linked list of the different drawings in its sequence.

To perform the actual animation, you make a call to a system routine called Animate(). When
you call Animate(), the software follows all of your animation instructions and ‘‘moves” the
objects accordingly. When you next call DrawGList(), the system draws all objects in the

position caused by your calls to Animate(). Essentially, Animate() simply manipulates a set

of instructions in a set of object lists. Only when the system draws the objects are your instruc-
tions displayed visually.

Remember, the system draws the currently sorted objects from its GELS list.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANIMATION SYSTEM

The animation system lets you define a series of Bobs, which it then links into an overall
object. The combined object consists of one or more Bobs that comprise the overall object and
additional Bobs that comprise alternate appearances (animation sequences) for the various com-
ponent parts.

You specify the following:
o The initial appearance of an overall object by defining Bobs as its components
o Alternate views of various components by defining additional Bobs

o The drawing precedence for the initial appearance of the object among the Bobs that
comprise the initial appearance

The animation system does the following:

o Moves all linked objects simultaneously

Animation 163

o Maintains inter-object prioritization

o Sequences alternate views to provide animation through user-specified timing variables

KEEPING TRACK OF GRAPHIC OBJECTS

The section called “Getting the List of Bobs in Order” described how the system maintains a
list of Bobs to draw on the screen according to your instructions. The animation system selec-
tively adds items to and removes items from this list of screen objects during the Animate()

routine. The next time you call DrawGList(), the system will draw the current Bobs in the
list into the selected RastPort.

CLASSES OF ANIMATION OBJECTS

You have two classes of animation objects to consider: AnimObs and AnimComps. The
AnimOb is the primary animation object. It is this object whose position you are specifying
with respect to the coordinates of the drawing area. Actually, an AnimOb itself contains no
imagery. It is merely the top-level data structure that organizes the components that it
manages and that specifies a position relative to which everything else is drawn. The
AnimComp, on the other hand, is an animation component — for example, an arm, leg, or
head — of an animation object. The animation object consist of animation components that
you specify.

To define an AnimOb, you specify several characteristics of the primary animation object,
including the following:

o The initial position of this object

o Its velocity and acceleration in the X and Y directions

o How many calls to DrawGList() you have made while this object has been active
o A pointer to a special animation routine related to this object (if desired)

o <A pointer to the first of its animation components

o Your own extensions to this structure, if desired

164 Animation

POSITIONS OF ANIMATION OBJECTS

The next two sections tell how to specify the initial position of an AnimOb and _ its
AnimComp.

Position of an AnimOb

To specify a registration point within the drawing area (the RastPort) for all components, you
use the variables AnX and AnY in the AnimOb structure. Figure 3-5 illustrates that each
component has its own offset from the object’s registration point.

RastPort Drawing Area

Y increases from
top to bottom of

Registration point drawing area

(reference) for all
parts of an AnimOb.

X increases from left to right

Figure 3-5: Specifying an AnimOb Position

Position of an AnimComp

To specify where the component is to be located relative to the position of the registration point,
you use variables in the AnimComp structure. When you move the animation object, all of
the component parts of this animation object move with it, as illustrated in figure 3-6.

Animation 165

XTrans

RastPort Drawing Area

Y Trans Object #2

X Trans

Y Trans
Object #3

Figure 3-6: Specifying an AnimComp Position

To specify the relative placement of a component with respect to the registration point of the
AnimOb, you assign the values of X Trans and YTrans in the AnimComp structure. These

values can be positive (as shown for object #3), negative (as shown for object #2), or zero (as
shown for component #1) in figure 3-6 above.

Now that the system knows the position of the objects and components you wish to animate,
you can tell the system how to animate them. The following sections describe the animation
choices provided for you by the system.

ANIMATION TYPES

The system software allows two forms of animation: sequenced drawing and motion control.

Sequenced Drawing

In sequenced drawing, an artist produces a sequence of views of an object, where each view is a
modification of a preceding view. To produce apparent motion of the object, the artist draws

each new view of an object at a position somewhat farther from a common reference point than
the preceding view.

166 Animation

If an animation is to be continuous, based on a repeating sequence, then the last drawing in the
series should allow the first drawing in the series to be the next in line, creating a continuity of
motion. Figure 3-7 shows four out of a sequence of drawings that could use this technique for
animation. (The other intermediate steps are not shown.)

As you will notice, each of the drawings, reading from right to left, is a little closer to its regis-
tration point (the reference point). The upper level of the figure shows the figures individually.
The lower level shows the figures overlaid, demonstrating that smooth motion would be possi-
ble. To the left of the overlaid figures is a second set, drawn in gray, representing the reinitiali-
zation of the sequence of drawings, beginning with number one.

Animator’s Registration Marks

The figure moves
as each of the
sequenced
drawings is
produced in
place of the
previous one

in the sequence.

When the sequenced
drawing reaches the end
and restarts with drawing 1
again, the registration mark
is moved so that a smooth
transition is formed.

Figure 3-7: A Sequenced Drawing
Sequenced animation often consists of a closed “ring” of drawings. When the last drawing of
the sequence has been completed, the first drawing in the sequence is repeated again, becoming

the first in the next part of the animation, offset by a specific position in space.

To specify sequenced drawing, use the variables called compFlags in the AnimComp struc-
ture, and RingX Trans and RingYTrans in the AnimOb structure.

Animation 167

To move the registration mark to a new location, you set the RINGTRIGGER bit for a com-
ponent in its compF lags variable. The system software adds the values of RingX Trans and
RingYTrans found in the AnimOb structure to the values of AnX and AnyY of the head
object (the registration mark), thereby moving the reference point to the new location. The
next time you execute DrawGList(), the drawing sequence starts over again at the new loca-
tion, mating properly with the final drawing of the sequence at the old registration mark.

You usually set RINGTRIGGER in only one of the animation components in a sequence; how-

ever, you can choose to use this flag and the translation variables in any way you wish.

Motion Control

In the second form of animation, you can specify objects that have independently controllable
velocities and accelerations in the X and Y directions. Components can still sequence. Further-
more, you can use ring and velocity simultaneously if you wish.
The variables that control this motion are located in the AnimOb structure and are called:

o YVel, XVel—the velocities in the y and x directions

o Y<Accel, XAccel—the accelerations in the y and x directions

Velocities and accelerations can be either positive or negative.

The system treats the velocity numbers as though they are fixed-point binary fractions, with the
decimal point fixed at position 6 in the word. That is:

vvvvvvvvvv.efffff

where v stands for actual values that you add to the x or y (AnX, AnY) positions of the object
for each call to Animate(), and f stands for the fractional part. By using a fractional part, you
can specify the speed of an object in increments as precise as 1/64th of an interval.

In other words, if you set the value of XVel at 0x0001, it will take 64 calls to the Animate()
routine before the system will modify the object’s x coordinate position by a step of one. The

system requires a value of 0x0040 to move the object one step per call to Animate().

Each call you make to Animate() simply adds the value of XAccel to the current value of
XVel, and YAccel to the current value of YVel, modifying these values accordingly.

168 Animation

Using Sequenced Drawing and Motion Control

If you are using sequenced drawing, you will probably set the velocity and acceleration variables
to zero. This allows you to produce the animation exactly in the form in which the artist has
designed it in the first place.

Consider an example of a person walking. As each foot falls, with sequenced drawing, it is posi-
tioned on the ground exactly as originally drawn. If you include a velocity value, then the
person’s foot will not be stationary with respect to the ground, and the person appears to

“skate” rather than walk. If you set the velocity and acceleration variables at zero, you can
avoid this problem.

INITIALIZING THE ANIMATION SYSTEM

To initialize the system, you must define a pointer to an AnimOb. The system uses this
pointer to keep track of all of the real AnimObs that you create. The following typical code
sequence accomplishes this:

struct AnimOb *animKey;

animKey = NULL;

Note: Before you can use the animation system, you must call the routine InitGels(). There-
fore, you must initialize the GEL system as well as the animation system. See the “Initializing
the GEL System” section for details on InitGels(), the Bob-control system that eventually
displays the objects that you manipulate.

SPECIFYING THE ANIMATION OBJECTS

To add animation objects to the controlled object list, you use the routine AddAnimOD().
Figure 3-8 shows how to build a list of controlled objects using this routine. The animKey
always points to the object most recently added to the list.

Animation 169

M animKey — always points to the
ie ee last AnimOb added
ee to the list
This AnimOb list

Next AnimOb is the complete
list of all of the
Previous AnimOb AnimObs being

nee handled by the

Other AnimOb ee
Variables added to

a list
Next AnimOb
Previous AnimOb

Other Typical

Variables middle
AnimOb

Next AnimOb
Previous AnimOb Null

First
Other AnimOb
Variables added to
a list

Figure 3-8: Linking AnimObs into a List

Next, you tell the system about the components that make up the object.

SPECIFYING ANIMATION COMPONENTS

As previously stated, each animation object consists of one or more individual component parts.
The parts may be, for example, the body of an object, its arms, its legs, and so on. Not only
does the system animator move parts from place to place, but it also offers different views of
each of the parts. To specify the relationships between the individual parts and views of those
parts, you initialize various pointers within the AnimComp structure.

You use the pointers called PrevSeq and NextSeq to build a doubly-linked list of a set of ani-

mation components used for sequenced drawing, as outlined above. In all cases, when you
specify AnimComps, you must initialize these pointers to build the sequence that you wish the

170 Animation

system to follow for drawing the various views of this component. The ‘‘Animation Sequenc-
ing” section below shows how the system uses these pointers.

To link the components together into a whole object, use the pointers called PrevComp and
NextComp. When you build an animation object, you must initialize the PrevComp and
NextComp pointers for only the initial view of the animation object. Whenever the animation
system senses that one of the animation objects has ‘“‘timed out’’ and switched to a new
sequence of that component, the system automatically adjusts the PrevComp and NextComp
pointers so that it retains the complete animation object.

Figure 3-9 shows an animation object built of several components. The AnimOb points to the
head component. Notice that the ‘“head’’ component may be any one of the components of the
object. A pointer in the structure of the head component, in turn, points to the next one, and
so on (building the initial view of the object).

To point around the ring for each of the component sequenced views (although the objects do
not necessarily have to form a ring), you initialize the sequence pointers NextSeq and
PrevSeq. The animation system ignores the PrevComp and NextComp pointers for each of
the non-current components.

Animation 171

ro . NON-CURRENT
Next AnimOb CA ala additional views of
Previous AnimOb designed by the user. each component,

waiting to be used.

HeadComp Next AnimComp
Previous AnimComp Previous AnimComp

Sequence Linkage Sequence Linkage

Next AnimComp Next AnimComp
Previous AnimComp Previous AnimComp

Sequence Linkage Sequence Linkage

Next AnimComp Next AnimComp
Previous AnimComp Previous AnimComp

Sequence Linkage Sequence Linkage

Figure 3-9: Linking AnimComps To Form an AnimOb

DRAWING PRECEDENCE

The sequence in which you link the components in a list to define the object itself is immaterial.
The system simply uses this list of components to define the overall object. To specify the
drawing precedence for the objects in an animation object, you use the Before and After
pointers in the Bob structure for the initial sequence of the animation object.

If you refer to the description of adding Bobs in the section called ‘““Adding a Bob,” you will see
that when you add Bobs to the system, the Before and After pointers control the drawing
sequence and thereby the precedence of the objects. Once you have added the Bobs to the sys-

tem with AddBob(), you must assign a fixed set of pointers to establish the correct drawing
order.

172 Animation

Animation components may have several views, each of which points to a Bob structure. How-
ever, only one of those views is actually “active” for that component at any one time, making
up part of the overall animation object. The animation system adjusts the Before and After
pointers of the Bob structure for each of the current views to maintain the sequence of drawing
for each of the components the same as that you have defined for the initial view. Adjustments
take place in the sequencing any time any one of the animation components ‘‘times out’? and
shows a new sequence. Therefore, if you are defining Bobs as part of the animation system,
you need only initialize the Before and After pointers within the Bob structure for the initial
sequence of each of the components.

You may wish to define multiple animation objects. To assure that one complete object always
has priority over another object, you can use the initial sequence linkage to control this as well.
You use the Bob Before and After pointers to link together the last AnimComp’s Bob of
one AnimOb to the first AnimComp’s Bob of the next AnimOb. The system maintains the
drawing order during calls to Animate() from that time onward.

You may modify the drawing order during part of the animation (such as to make one object
pass in front of another during one display sequence, then pass behind it on the next sequence).
You can perform this kind of activity, if you wish, during an AnimORoutine or AnimCRoutine.
See the section called ‘“Your Own Animation Routine Calls” for details.

ANIMATION SEQUENCING

To perform sequenced drawing, you must define the sequence in which you wish the drawings to
be made. For each of the animation components, there is a set of pointers that allows you to
define the exact sequence in which the drawings should appear.

After a period of time that you have specified, which is separately controllable for each com-
ponent, the system software automatically switches from the current drawing in the sequence to
the next one. For this purpose, you provide three pieces of information in the AnimComp
structure: pointers to the previous and next drawings in the sequence that you have defined, a
user flag variable called Flags, and a TimeSet variable.

After the specified time interval for each of the sequenced drawings, the system software
switches to show the next drawing specified in the sequence. The next section shows how you

specify the time.

Figure 3-10 illustrates how the system uses the “next sequential image’”’ pointer to step from one
image to the next at the specified time.

If you set the RINGTRIGGER bit in the Flags variable, the system adjusts the reference point
for the sequenced drawing. See the ‘““Sequenced Drawing” section above for details.

Animation 173

Sample Animation Sequence

AnimComp
alll AnimBob = Bob! .

AnimBob = Bob2

(also called ‘“Bob4’’) AnimBob = Bob 2

NN AnimBob = Bob 3 a

Notice that, in the sample shown, it is only
necessary to store 3 images in order to
allow a four image animation to be performed.

Figure 3-10: Linking AnimComps for Sequenced Drawing

SPECIFYING TIME FOR EACH IMAGE

When you have defined all of your animation objects and components, you call the Animate()
routine. To manipulate the objects, you set the variable called Timer in the AnimComp

structure and you set a corresponding variable called TimeSet (also in the AnimComp struc-
ture).

When the system selects the animation component, the system copies the value currently in
TimeSet into the variable named Timer. If Timer has a nonzero value when you call
Animate(), then the current view of the animation component remains the active view for as
many calls to Animate() as you specify with the value in Timer. When the Timer value
counts down to zero, the system makes the next sequential view active. If you set the value in
TimeSet to zero, Timer remains zero. Timer never triggers from a non-zero state and, there-
fore, does not cause any change in the view.

174 Animation

When the system activates a new sequence component, it checks that component’s compF lags
to see if the RINGTRIGGER flag bit is set. If so, the system performs ring processing, which
means that it adds the values RingYTrans and RingX Trans to AnY and AnX respectively.
See the section called ‘‘Animation Types” for details.

Now let’s see how this process works in an actual animation. Let’s say that you are animating
the figure of a man. As he walks across the screen, he swings his arm back and forth at a fixed
rate. Assume that you have three drawings of the arm: swung forward, at a center position,
and swung back. To animate the arm, you may follow these steps:

1. Define four Bobs: the first for the forward swing, the second for the center, the third
for the back swing, and the fourth centered again.

2. Define four AnimComps, one for each of these Bobs. To link them together in a
sequence (forward, center, back, center), use the PrevSeq and NextSeq pointers.

3. Link one of the AnimComps in this sequence to the AnimComp that defines the
body of the man, using the AnimComp, PrevComp, and NextComp pointers.

4. Set the Timer variable for each sequenced AnimComp to a value appropriate for him
to hold that pose. For example, three calls to Animate() for forward and back, and
two calls for each of the two centered positions of his arm might be appropriate values.

5. Set the value of XTrans and YTrans for each AnimComp to position the arm prop-
erly with respect to the rest of the body for each sequence of the arm swing.

6. Continue the arm sequence by setting the RINGTRIGGER bit in the flags variable of
the last sequence, thereby triggering a return to the first view when the timer of the
last view times out.

Now, each time you call Animate(), the animation system checks all of the Timer variables, as
well as calling your AnimCRoutines and AnimORoutines. When each of the Timer variables
becomes a zero, the next sequenced view of the AnimComp replaces the current sequence.
When an AnimComp becomes “current,’’ the value in its TimeSet variable is copied into its
Timer variable.

This also means that you have told the system two things: first, to remove the Bob of the
current sequence from the system Bob list the next time you call DrawGList(); and second, to
use the Bob representing the new sequence in its place. The system automatically copies the
Bob Before and After pointers from the current sequence into the new sequence
AnimComp’s Bob to assure that the object is still drawn in the same order, maintaining its
priority relative to other objects in the drawing area.

Animation 175

YOUR OWN ANIMATION ROUTINE CALLS

The AnimOb and AnimComp structures include pointers to your own routines that you want
the system to call. If you want a routine to be called, you must specify the address of the rou-
tine in this variable. If no routine is to be called, you must set this variable to zero. No values
are passed to these routines, except a pointer to its AnimOb or AnimComp, respectively.
However, because you set each AnimORoutine (the AnimOb routine) and AnimCRoutine (the
AnimComp routine), you can use the extensions to the AnimOb or Bob or VSprite struc-
tures to hold the variables you need for your own routines.

Suppose you are creating the following animation:

O

A man is walking a dog down a street. There is a fireplug at one side of the screen.
Let’s say you wish to change the appearance of the fireplug if the dog approaches too

closely. You would, therefore, design an AnimORoutine to do a proximity check on the
dog.

To allow the fireplug to have different appearances, you might provide three individual
views. One is normal, one is an intermediate view (comparable to the center arm-swing
mentioned earlier), and the final view is a “strength pose,” saying ‘‘back off dog!”’

You may set the TimeSet and Timer variables for the “normal’’ appearance for the
fireplug at zero. This means that it should never change from this appearance no
matter how many calls to Animate() occur, as defined above. (If it is already zero, it
will not decrement; therefore, it can never go from non-zero to zero).

You may set the TimeSet variable for the intermediate view to 1 (stay in the inter-
mediate pose for only one call to Animate()). In addition, you may set the TimeSet
variable for the strength pose to 10 (stay strong for ten calls to Animate()).

For each call to Animate(), the AnimORoutine for the fireplug checks how close the
dog has approached. If it is within a certain range, the AnimORoutine changes the
Timer variable for the normal fireplug pose to a 1.

The next call to Animate() finds a value of 1 in the Timer variable and decrements it.
This makes a value of 0, forcing a change to the next sequence (the intermediate pose).
The system will remove the normal pose Bobs from the system Bob list it is to draw,
and the next call to DrawGList() will therefore draw the intermediate pose instead.

The next call to Animate() finds a value of 1 in the Timer variable for the intermedi-
ate pose and decrements it, causing a change to the strength pose. The fireplug remains
in the strength pose for ten calls to Animate(), returning through the intermediate
pose for one call, then to the normal pose again.

176 Animation

o Now that the Timer value has become zero again, the fireplug returns to the original
state, staying in its normal pose until the dog again approaches within range.

MOVING THE OBJECTS

When you have defined all of the structures and have established all of the links, you can call
the Animate() routine to move the objects. Animate() adjusts the positions of the objects as
described above, and calls the various subroutines (AnimCRoutines and AnimORoutines) that
you have specified.

After the system has completed the Animate() routine, as the screen objects have been moved,
their order in the graphics objects list may possibly be incorrect. Therefore, as always, before
ordering the system to redraw the objects, you must sort them first.

If you perform DoCollision() when the system has newly positioned the objects after your call
to Animate(), your collision routines may also have an effect on the ultimate position of the
objects. Therefore, you should again call SortGList() to assure that the system correctly ord-
ers the objects before you call DrawGList(), as illustrated in the following typical call
sequence:

/* ... setup of graphics elements and objects */

Animate( key, rp ); /* ”»move” objects per instructions */
SortGList( rp ); /* put them in order */

DoCollision( rp ); /* software collision detect/action */
SortGList( rp ); /* put them back into right order */

DrawGList( vp, rp ); /* draw into current RastPort */

Complete Example Program

The following program produces a single-buffered display with two Bobs and two Vsprites.

Animation 177

178 Animation

/* SAMPLE PROGRAM THAT USES GELTOOLS TO PRODUCE A DOUBLE BUFFERED DISPLAY
* SCREEN CONTAINING TWO BOBS AND TWO VSPRITES
a

* Author: David Lucas
ay

/* Leave this structure definition at the top. Look at gels.h. */
struct vinfo {
short vx, vy; /* This VSprites velocity. */
short id;

}:
#define VUserStuff struct viInfo

/* Things to notice:

Default value in sprite/pl oe priority register has all
hardware sprites having a higher priority than either of the
two playfields. Areas containing color 0 of both the bob and
veprite are shown as transparent (see hole in center of each).

You can specify bob drawing order by using the before and after
pointers, thereby always maintaining an apparent precedence of
a bob over another. Re Vsprites.... because they are assigned

entially from top of screen to bottom, in sprite numerical
or er (0, 1, 2, 3 etc), and because the lowest numbered hardware

rite has the highest video precedence, the sprite that is

osest to the top of the screen always appears in front of the
sprite beneath it.

Without drape aie gaat 1 there would be flicker on the part

of the bobs. Double buffering consists of writing into an area
that is not reat displayed. Some of the flicker could have been
alleviated by waiting for the video beam to reach top-of- frame
before doing the drawing, but when the bobs are near the top,

it makes it all the more difficult to draw without ap arent

flicker in that case. Also note that multitasking wi

occasionally upset even this plan in that it can delay the

drawing operation until the beam is in the area that is being drawn.

ne

OIG IUISI III IIIIOIOIOOOOIOIOIIII IK
* A sprite and a bob on a screen.
a

#include “intuall .h"

#define SBMWIDTH 320 /* My screen size constants. */
#define SBMHEIGHT 200
#define SBMDEPTH 4

#define RBMWIDTH 330 /* My rastport size constants. */
#define RBMHEICHT 210
#define RBMDEPTH SBMDEPTH

#define VSPRITEWIDTH 1 /* My VSprite constants. */
#define VSPRITEHEIGCHT 12

#define VSPRITEDEPTH 2

#define NSPRITES 2

#define BOBWIDTH 62 /* My Bob constants. */
#define BOBHEIGHT 31

#define BOBDEPTH 4

#define NBOBS 2

struct IntuitionBase *IntuitionBase
struct CfxBase *GfxBase = NULL;

NULL;

eo

struct IntuiMessage *MyIntuiMessage = NULL;

struct TextAttr TestFont = { /* Needed for opening screen. */
} (STRPTR) "topaz. font", TOPAZ_EICHTY, 0, 0

/* DBL BUF */
struct BitMap *MyBitMapPtrs[2] = {NULL, NULL};
WORD ToggleFrame = 0;

@

struct GelsiInfo GInfo; /* For all Gels. */

struct VSprite _veprd tes (NSERITES|
WORDBITS VSpriteImage([] = {

/* Piane 0, Plane l *

OxEFEF, OxFFFF, /* Line l, first. */
OxEFFFF, 0xC003,

OxFFFF, 0xC003,

OxEFOOF, OxCFE3,

OxFOOF, OxCFE3,

OxFOOF, 0xCC33,

OxFOOF, 0xCC33,

OxFOOF, OxCFF3,

OxFOOF, OxCFF3,

OxFFEFF, 0xC003,

OxFFFF, 0xC003,

OxFEFF, OxFFEFF, /* Line 12, last. */

USHORT *VSpriteImage_chip = 0;

/

17,18,19
21,22, 23
25, 26, 27
29, 30,31

MM Me Me HH He MH OM OM
Mm

sprite
sprite
sprite
sprite

WORD MyVSpriteColors [

0x0 £0Q,

}:

/* Fu
Ox00f0, /* Full
Ox000f /* Full

struct Bob *Bobs [NBOBS]

short Pon mage
OxFFEE,

0xC000,
OxCFEFE,
0xCC00,
OxCCFE,
0xCCCO,
OxCCCE,
0xCCCC

OxF000,
OxF000,
OxFOFE,
OxFOFFE,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOEFO,
OxFOFO,
OxEFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxEFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFE,
OxFOFF,
OxF000,
OxF000,
OxEFFFE,
OxFEFE,

OxEFFF,
OxFEFE,
OxFFFE,
OxFEFE,
OxFEOO,
OxEFFOO,
OxFEOO,
OxFE00,
OxFEOO,
OxFEOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFEOO,
QOxFEOO,
OxFEF0O,
OxFEOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFEOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFEOO,

OxFEFE,
0x0000,
OxFFEF,
0x0000,
OxFFEE,
0x0000,
OxFFEE,
0x0000,
OxFEFE,
0xC000,
OxCFEE,
0xCC00,

0x0000,
0x0000,
OxFFEFE,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,

OxFOEFO,
OxFOFO,
OxFOFFE,
OxFOFE,
OxF000,
OxF000,
OxFFEF,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
0x0000,
OxFEFE,
OxFEFE,
0x0000,
0x0000,
OxFEEFE,
OxFFEF,

OxEFFE,
OxFFFE,
OxFFFE,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
0x0000,
0x0000,
0x0000,
OxFEFE,
OxFFFE,
OxEFFF,
OxFFFE,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxEFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFFO0,
OxFFOO,
OxFFOO,
OxFEFE,
OxFEFE,
OxFFFE,
OxFFEE,
0x0000,
0x0000,
0x0000,

Ve

in sets of
0 and 1,
2 and 3,
4 and 5,
6 and 7.
Please read the section on how VSprites are assigned in the RKM.

a */

These are the colors that will be used for
colors, not color register numbers. High to
down to LSB, there are four bits each of red, green and blue. Please read the

sprite section of the hardware manual. The gels system will put them into the
proper color registers when th
use color registers

green. */

blue. */

OxFFEFE,
0x0000,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
OxFFEC,
0x000C,

0x00CC,

0x00CC,

0x000C,
OxFEEC,

’ 0x0000,

OxFFEF,
0x0000,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
OxFFEF,
0x0000,
OxFFFE ,

OxFFFE,
OxEFFE,

0x0000,
0x0000,
OxFFFE,
OxFFFE,
0x0000,
0x0000,
OxFEFEC,
OxEFFEC,
0x003C,
0x003C,

0x0000,

OxFEEC,
0x000C,
OxFECC,
0x00CC,

0x0CCC,

0x0CCC

OxFEEC,
OxFFEC,

0x003C,
0x003C,
OxFC3C,
OxEC3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3IC,
0x3C3C,
0x3C3C,
OxEC3C,
OxFC3C,
0x003C,
0x003C,
OxFFEC,
OxEFEFEC,

OxFEEC,
OxFEFEC,
OxFFEC,
OxFFFC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
Ox03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x0 3EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03FC,
Oxo are
Ox03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EFC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x03EC,
0x0 3EC,

/* Plane 0,

/* Plane 0,
/* Plane 1,

/* Plane 1, line 31. */
line 1.

/* Piane 2,

line 1.

line 31. */
line 1.

ae

a7

*/

VSprites. Note I really do mean
ow, starting at bit 12 and going

“Y are displayed. Reminder: Sprites can only

Animation 179

180 Animation

OxFE00, 0x0000, 0x0000, Ox03EC,
OxFEFE, OxFFFE, OxEFFFE, OxFFEC,
OxFFFE, OxFFFE, OxFFFE, OxEFFEC,
OxFEFE, OxFFEF, OxFEFE, OxFFEC,
OxFFEE, OxFFFF, OxFFEF, OxFFFC, /* Plane 2, line 31. */

OxFFFF, OxFFEF, OxFFFF, OxFFFC, /* Plane 3, line 1. */
OxFEFE, OxFFEFF, OxFEFEFE, OxEFEC,

OxFEFE, OxFEEE, OxFEFE, OxFFEC,

OxFFFE, OxFEFF, OxEFEFE, OxFEEC
OxFFFE, OxFFEE, OxEFEF, OxFEEFC,
OxEFEFF, OxFFFE, OxEFFE, OxFEEC,
OxFFFE, OxFEFF, OxFFFF, OxFFEC,
OxFFFE, OxFFFE, OxEFFEF, OxFFFC,
OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFEFC,
OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,
OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC
OxFEFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxEFEC
OxFFEFF, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,

OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,

OxFEFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,

OxFFEEF, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxEFEC,

OxFEFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,

OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxEFFEC,

OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,

OxFEFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFEFC,

OxFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFFEC,

OxFEFF, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxEFFEC,

OxEFFFE, 0x0000, 0x0003, OxFEFEC,

OxFFFE, OxFFFE, OxEFFEF, OxEFEC,

OxFFFE, OxFEFFE, OxEFFF, OxFEFC,

OxFFFE, OxEFFEF, OxFFEF, OxEFEC,

OxFFFE, OxFFFF, OxEFFF, OxEFEFC,

OxFFFF, OxFFFE, OxEFEF, OxFEFC,

OxFFFE, OxFFFE, OxEFEF, OxFFFC,

OxFFFE, OxFEFF, OxEFFFE, OxFEFC,

OxFFFE, OxFFFE, OxEFEF, OxFEFC /* Plane 3, line 31. */

SsHoRT *BobImage_chip = 0;

/* These are for wy custom screen. */
struct Screen *screen =

,

struct NewScreen ns = {
0, 0, /* Start position. */
SBMWIDTH, SBMHEICHT, SBMDEPTH, /* Width, height, q th. */
0, 0, /* Default detail pen, block pen.
NULL, /* Viewing mode. *
CUSTOMSCREEN | CUSTOMBITMAP , /* Screen type. DBL BUF */
&TestFont, /* Font to use. *
NULL, /* No default title. */
NULL, /* No pointer to additional gadgets. a/
NULL /* No pointer to CustomBitMap.

}:

/* These are for my window. */
struct Window *window = NULL;

qe

struct NewWindow nw = {
52.05 /* Start position. */
SBMWIDTH, SBMHEIGHT, Me Width, each gh oa
°

0, 0, Detail

CLOSEWINDOW, * IDCMP flags. */

WINDOWCLOSE | BORDERLESS, jr Flags

NULL, /* No pointer to (eget *(
NULL, /* No pointer to first CheckMar */
NULL, /* No default Title. */

NULL, /* No pointer to Screen. */

Nae /* No aa to BitMap. */

0, 0, /* MinWidth MinHeight inot used). */

SBMWIDTH, SBMHEIGHT, /* MaxWidth, Macdiet ght not used). */
CUSTOMSCREEN /* Screen type.

}:

BGA IG IIIS IGIOI SII TIOCIGIOIOIIR TOTES AIT ISIS ATI IAAI AIA
* This will be called if a sprite collision with the border is detected.
nh

borderPatrol (s, b)
struct VSprite *s;
co b;
register struct vinfo *info;

info = &s->VUserExt;

if (b & (TOPHIT | BOTTOMHIT) ) /* Top/Bottom hit, change direction. */
info- ies rf ne ae

if (b & (LEETHIT | RI IT)) /* Left/Right hit, change direction. */
info->vx = - (info->vx) ;

2

JERS GIGI OGIGIUISIUIUIGIIOIDIOIDIOIIDIOIIGIOIGIIICISIGIOIIIDISISITIEISISIUISIOIOIGIDIOIISIIOIGISIIISITOICIEI IIE TIO ITSO
* Fun Starts.
x

main ()
SHORT 1, j;

/* Open libraries that will be used directly */

if IY Geen inraret = (struct TntuitionBase 4)
ibrary (“intuition. libra Y_VERSION)) == 0
#ifdef pEBuc “ )) )¢
kprintf("Main: Can't open Intuition.\n”) ;
#endif 0:
MyCleanup
Exit (-1);

if ((GfxBase = (struct CfxBase *)

nLibrary raphics.libra , LIBRARY_VERSION == 0
#ifdef DEBUG FAP Zs )) Ȣ

kprintf("Main: Can't open Graphics.\n");

#endif
MyCleanup () ;
Exit (-1);

JG EISSIISISISISIOIIGISIOISIEIDITISIISISIDISISISIISICISISIOISISIIISICIIIDITIDISIISIOIDI IDSC IDI SIDIGIDISIDISISIDIOIDI IOI II IOI I II IT
: DBL BUF
for (j=0; jf<2; j++) {
if Ay Bi Mepe cre Ly) = (struct BitMap .

llocMem (sizeof (struct BitMap), —CHIP))

#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf("Main: Can't allocate BitMap.\n") ;

#endif

ersten 0.

== 0) {

ee ah eye pete el ]. RBMDEPTH, RBMWIDTH, RBMHEIGHT) ;
for (i4=0; i<RBMDEPTH; i++

if BitMapPtrs ->Planes [i] = (PLANEPTR)AllocRaster (RBMWIDTH,
C(teye seater eve ld- eNansellt) Si ) ®
#ifdef DEBUG

kprintf("Main: Can't allocate BitMaps' Planes.\n") ;:
#endif

acc

1tClear (MyBitMapPtrs([j]->Planes(i], (RBMWIDTH / 8) * RBMHEIGHT, 1);

ns .CustomBitMap = pias epee) /* tt */
screen->RastPort.Flags = DBUFFER;

/* Open My Very Own Screen. *

if ((screen = (struct Screen 4) OpenScreen (éns)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG |

kprintf ("Main: Can't open Screen.\n") ;

#endi f (
MyCleanup () ;
Exit (-1);
‘ /* Now get that flashing title bar off the display. DBL BUF */
/
screen->ViewPort .RasInfo->RxO0ffset = 5;
‘ screen->ViewPort .RasInfo->RyOffset = 5;
/

/* Set screens’ colors (Could've used LoadRGB4()). */
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 00, 00, 00, 00);

SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 01, 15, 00, 00);
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 02, 00, 15, 00);
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 03, 00, 00, 15);
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 04, 15, 15, 00);
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 05, 15, 00, 15);
SetRGB4 (&4screen->ViewPort, 06, 08, 15, 15);

SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 07, 15, 11, 00
SetRGB4 (Sscreen->ViewPort, 08, 05, 13, 00
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 09, 14, 03, 00
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 10, 15, 02, 14
SetRCB4 (&4screen->ViewPort, 11, 15, 13, 11
SetRGB4 (&4screen->ViewPort, 12, 12, 09, 08
SetRGB4 (&screen->ViewPort, 13, 11, 11, 11
SetRGB4 (&4screen->ViewPort, 14, 07, 13, 15
SetRCB4 (4screen->ViewPort, 15, 15, 15, 15

Be Vo Vea Ve Ve Ba Be Ye Bo

nw.Screen = screen;

if ((window = (struct Window *) OpenWindow(4nw)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf ("Main: Can't open Window.\n") ;
#endif

mrcueenye 0

[BRR EREREREREEER MEEKER ERA REE AREER ERR ER EKER EER ER ARERR EERE REE IRIE

* Now that the screen envirionment is set up, It's time to set up the
: gels systen.
/

/* ReadyGels is in CelTools(). */
if Raacyceta (sGrn te: &screen->RastPort) != 0) {
#ifdef DEBU
kprintf("Main: ReadyGels failed.\n”") ;
#endif

rn

SetCollision(0, borderPatrol, &GInfo) ;

/* Co Images to chip memory. */
if (iInitImages()) {
#ifdef DEBUG

kprintf(“Main: InitImages() failed.\n");
#endif

1 ;
tee

DRS GIGGIG ISIS ISIDIGIGISI I SIDIGISIOIGITIOITIGIIGICIOI TOIT TOT GEIS SOO IAAI AIA
* System is set up, now set up each Cel.
aA

/* First use the routines in geltools to get the sprite. */
for(i = 0; i < NSPRITES; i++)
if CWSprttes i] = (struct VSprite *)MakeVSprite (VSPRITEHEICHT,
VSpriteImage_chip, &MyVS peers LY , 1*6, (1*8)+10,
VSPRITEWIDTH, VSPRITEDEPTH, VSPRITE)) == 0)
#ifdef DEBUG 7 1
kprintf("Main: MakeVSprite failed.\n") ; Animation 181

#endif

MyCleanup () ;

Exit (-1);
VSprites [i] ->VUserExt.vx = 1;
VSprites (ij->VUserExt.vy = 1;
VSprites [i] ->VUserExt.id = i;

AddVSprite(VSprites [i], &screen->RastPort) ;
}

/* First use the routines in geltools to get the bob. */
for(i = 0; i < NBOBS ; i++)
if ( (Bobs ij = (struct Bob *)MakeBob yey. BOBHEIGHT, BOBDEPTH,
Bob nage eee kOe ee coS i*6), (i*8) +10,
SAVEBACK | OVERLAY)) =
#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf("Main: MakeBob Tad a
#endif

piece

~>BobVSprite->VUserExt .vx
->BobVSprite->VUserExt .vy
->BobVSprite->VUserExt .id

Bobs |i
i

/* DBL BUE */
if (bobs a). “spBut ter = SESCaIEN) ta a aaa *)AllocMem (sizeof (struct

acket) , IP))
#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf("Main: Can't allocate double buffers’ packet for a bob.\n");
#endif

eee

te (Bere OB peer eT cee a sccn ae LEO Mca ee *
BWIDTH+15S) /16) * BOBHEI * BOBDEPTH, MEME_CHIP) ) {
#ifdef pEsuc!

Bobs [i

be js
»

Bobs

kprintf("Main: Can't allocate double buffer for a bob.\n");
#endi f 0:
MyCleanup
Exit (-1);
dBob (Bobs [i], &screen->RastPort) ;
/* The ee relies on the fact that AddBob sets the before
* and after nters to 0, so the first before and last after.
* are left alone.
* Earlier bob has higher priority, thus this bob'll be drawn
* AFTER that one, thus this bob will appear on top of all earlier
* ones. One could set the bobs to be drawn in any order by rearranging
* these pointers.
*/

if (i > 0)

Bobs {(i]->After = Bobs [i-1];
Bobs {|i|->After->Before = Bobs [i];

} . End of for. */

DRG IGG ISI IIIS IGT TAS AIA IA II IO IAI IIA IIIA I III IA
: Hey, wow, everything opened, and allocated, and initialized! Whew.

tor (3 t5();

while dotvagiwiniowes = (struct IntuiMessage *)
(window->UserPort) )
switch (tyIntuiMessage- >Class) {
case CLOSEWINDOW:

ReplyMsg ( poe nares

BYTE aR

Exit (TRUE) ;

break;

}

FOO OOO IOI GIGI IOI IOI IOI OISIOISIUIGIOI II IGISIGIOI OI IOI IOI OIC III OIG OT ITOK
* DrawGels part of loop.
oe

reine
register struct VSprite *pSprite;

/* Move everything in the sprite list. This includes Bobs. */

pSprite = Ginfo.gelHead->NextVSprite;

while (pSprite != CInfo. gelTaii} {
pSprite->X += pSprite->VUserExt .vx;
pSprite->Y += pSprite->VUserExt .vy;
pSprite = pSprite->NextVSprite;

SortGList (&screen->RastPort) ; /* Put the list in order. */

DoCollision (&screen- >RastPort) ; /* Collision routines il called now. */
DrawGList (&screen->RastPort, &screen- >ViewPort) ; /* Draw oe
screen->ViewPort .RasInfo->BitMap = MyBitMapPtrs (ToggleFrane] ; /* DBL BUF */
WaitTOF () ; /* When the beam hits the top... */
MakeScreen (screen) ; /* Tell intuition to do it's stuff. xy
RethinkDisplay () ; /* Does a MrgCop & LoadView. */
ToggleFrame “=1;

; /* DBL BUE */
} screen->RastPort .BitMap = MyBitMapPtrs [ToggleFrame] ; /* DBL BUF */

[DO IUIOIGISICICICITIGISINIDISIGOIOIGICIGIOIIGI OIC OICICICISIOIOIDIOIDIGIGIGIGISIDISISISISIDIDIOIICISIGISI IOI GIO GISI III SIDI II I
9 ‘ ‘ * This will be called in case of error, or when main is done.
182 Animation + /

MyCleanup ()
short i, j:

for 7 0; i < NBOBS; i++) {
(Bobs (1) 1= L {
Delet (Bobs [i] ->BobVSprite) ;

}
for it =0; i< Sti} t= ih i++) {
(VSprites (4) != NULL
DeleteGel (VSprites [i]

hircetais (&GIn fo) ;

Freel mages () ;

if (window 1= NULL
{onenindow Window);

if Apcreen 1=
topederoan Gcreen\:

/* DBL BUE ee

fore
ten Joe != NULL
aa ern
if MyBitMapPtrs [1 ]->Planes i] != 0)
reeRaster (MyBitMapPtrs [j]->Planes [i], RBMWIDTH, RBMHEIGHT) ;

+ reeMem (MyBitMapPtre [J]. sizeof (struct BitMap)) ;

}

if (CfxBase != NULL

loseLibrary (Gf. ane) 5
if (IntuitionBase !=

} ieee sbrary (EAtuielenbaaey:

foe

extern USHORT Bete eee ae
extern USHORT *BobImage_chip;
int i;

if (Spr Atelmage__ chip = (USHORT *
cMen (sizeof (VSpriteImage), MEMF_CHIP)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG

PErAnee ( iateimages: No Memory for VSpriteImage.\n”") ;
#endi f
return (FALSE) ;

if ((BobImage_chip = (USHORT *
AllocMenm (sizeof (BobImage), MEMF_CHIP)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG

rintf("InitImages: No Memo for BobImage.\n") ;
‘ ce? ( g ry g )
return (FALSE) ;

for (1=0; 1<24; i++)

Spritermage.ch vent [1] = VSpriteImage [i];
for (1=0; 1<49

obImage_: chip[i} = BobImage [i];
return (TRUE) ;

pet

extern USHORT eect ace ecto
extern USHORT *BobImage_chip;

if (Weer tt elmage. chip != 0)

fesse en Le chip, sizeof (VSpriteImage) ) ;
if (Bop inage. chip. |

FreeMem (Bo peace. chip, sizeof (BobImage) ) ;

Animation 183

184 Animation

723% Zonta] oh RSS ISSUES ISIS ISIE SISI IO IDI SIS SISISISI IIIS I IOI I i

eee Hee HHH HD DH

#include
#include
#include

intuall.h, general includer for intuition

Confidential Information: Commodore-Amiga, Inc.
Copyright (c) Commodore-Amiga, Inc.

Modification History

1-30-85 -=RJ=- cre

<exec/types .h>
<exec/nodes .h>
<exec/lists .h>

/* #include <exec/interrupts.h> */

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#include
#include
#include
#include

<exec/menory .h>
<exec/ports .h>
<exec/tasks .h>
<exec/libraries .h>
<exec/devices .h>
<exec/io.h>

<exec /devices .h>

<devices/console.h>
<devices/timer .h>
<devices /keymap .h>
<devices /inputevent .h>

#define Msg IOStdReq /*

#include
#include

#include
#include
#include

<libraries/dos .h>
<libraries/dosextens .h>

<graphics/gfx.h> /*
ede /
<hardware/blit .h>

*

#define blitNode bltnode /*

#include
#include
#include
#include

#include
#include
#include

<graphics/collide.h>
<graphics/copper .h>
oer ce ee
<hnardware/dmabits .h>
<graphics/gels .h>
<graphics/clip.h>
<graphics/rastport .h>
<graphics/view .h>
<graphics/gfxbase .h>
<graphics/text .h>

/* #include <hardware/intbits.h> */

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

<hardware/custom .h>
ee ee eon
<graphics/layers .h>
<intuition/intuition .h>
<devices/gameport .h>

date author : Comments

ated this file!

HAKKAR EE RAR REREEK ER RR REAR REE KERR RRR AERKREERR EERE RRR EEE A ERE EEK RARER EERE /

temporary kluge for dosextens.h */

ALWAYS INCLUDE GEX.H before other includes */
new as of 7/9/85 */

temporary kludge for gels.h */

/* changed so I can get gadget addr */

GELTOOLS.C -

A FILE CONTAINING USEFUL SETUP TOOLS FOR THE ANIMATION SYSTEM

author: Rob Peck, incorporating valuable comments and changes from
Barry Whitebook and David Lucas.

#include <exec/types .h>

#include <exec/menory .h>

#include <graphics/gfx.h> /* ALWAYS INCLUDE GEX.H before other includes */
#include <graphics/gels.h>

#include <graphics/clip.h>

#include <graphics/rastport .h>

#include <graphics/view.h>

#include <graphics/gfxbase .h>

[BERR ERERAR ERR EAR ARERR AREA EERIE RAR IKRAR EAR TE REET REAR KREE IKE AE EKER RENTER TER

* This file is a collection of tools which are used with the vsprite and
bob software. It contains the following:

ReadyGels( *gelsinfo, *rastport );
PurgeGels( *gelsinfo );

struct VSprite *MakeVSprite (lineheight, *image, *colorset,x,y,
wordwidth, imagedepth, flags) ;
DeleteVSprite( &VSprite ) ;

struct Bob *MakeBob (bitwidth, lineheight, imagedepth, *image,
planePick, planeOnOff,x,y)
DeleteBob( &Bob );

Rea ls sets up the defaults of the gel stem by initializing the
Gelsinfo structure you provide. Firat it allocates room for and
links in lastcolor and nextline. It then uses information in your
RastPort structure to establish boundary collision defaults at

the outer edges of the raster. It then links together the GelsInfo
and the RastPort which you provide. Next it allocates space for two
dummy virtual sprite structures, calls InitCels and SetCollision.
You must already have run LoadView before ReadyGels is called.

PurgeGels deallocates all memory which ReadyGels and NewGelList have
allocated. The system will crash if you have not used these
routines to allocate the space (you cant deallocate something

which you havent allocated in the first place).

cecueles allocates enough space for and inits a normal vsprite.
DeleteVSprite deallocates the memory it used.

MakeBob initializes a standard bob and allocates as much memory as is needed
for a normal bob and its vsprite structure, links them together.

To find the associated vsprite, look at the back-pointer (see the
routine doc itself).

DeleteBob deallocates the memory it used.
Written by Rob Peck, with thanks to Barry Whitebrook and David Lucas.

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
x
x
*
x
*
x
x
x
*
x
*
!
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
x
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
x
eK I TK TRI TIT TTR IR IT TI ITT III I III IKI IIT ITI AI IDI IIIT KIARA I IIR ERR IAT TAIT /

Animation 185

void border_dumny ()

return;

/* Caller passes a pointer to his GelsInfo structure which he wants to init,
* along with a pointer to his IVPArgs. Default init places the topmost
* bottommost etc at the outermost boundaries of callers rastport parameters.
* Caller can change all this stuff after this routine returns.
*/

extern struct RastPort *myRast;

struct VSprite *SpriteHead

NULL ;
struct VSprite *SpriteTail

NULL;

[ BRRRRRERHEERER EERE ERERR EEE ERR EERE REE KERR ER REE KER IK A EEE RARER EEEEEREREEREEEEEEE

* This routine cannot be run until the first LoadView (&view) has been

* executed. InitGels works with an already active View, so LoadView
must have been run first.
/

ReadyGels(g, r)
struct RastPort *r;
struct CelsInfo *g;

/* Allocate head and tail of list. */
if ((SpriteHead = (struct VSprite *)AllocMem (sizeof
(struct VSprite), MEMF_PUBLIC | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0) {

#ifdef DEBUG

kprintf ("ReadyGels: No memory for sprite head.\n") ;
#endif
return (-1);

if ((SpriteTail = (struct VSprite *)AllocMem (sizeof
struct VSprite), MEMF_PUBLIC | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG

kprintf ("ReadyGels: No memory for sprite tail.\n”) ;
#endi f
return (-1);

/* By setting all bits here, it means that there are NO
* reserved sprites. The system can freely use all of the
* hardware sprites for its own Purposes: The caller will not be
: trying to independently use any hardware sprites!

g->saprRsrvd = -1;

* The nextline array is used to hold stem information about
z "t
* "at which line number on the screen is this hardware sprite

* aan going to become available to be given a new vsprite to
* display”.
/

if ((g->nextLine = *)AllocMem (sizeof * 8,
(¢ MEMF _PUBLIC 1 GENE CLEAR) ) oe ore) pe
#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf ("ReadyGels: No memory for nextline.\n”") ;

#endi f
return (-1) ;

In the lastcolor pointer array, the system will store
a pointer to the color definitions most recently used
by the system. .... as a reminder, virtual sprites can
be assigned to any of the real hardware sprites which
may be available at the time. The vsprite colors will
be written into the hardware eeccre register set for
the hardware sprite to which that veprite is assigned.
This pointer array contains one pointer to the last

set of three colors (from the vsprite structure ‘*saprColors)
for each hardware sprite.

As the system is scanning to determine which hardware

pe should next be used to represent a vsprite, it
ecks the contents of this array. If a hardware sprite

is available and already has been assigned this set of

colors, no color assignment is needed, and therefore

no color change instructions will be generated for the

copper list.

If all vsprites use a different set of sprColors, (pointers
to sprColors are different for all vsprites), then there

is a limit of 4 vsprites on a horizontal line. If, on

the other eer define, lets wae | 8 vsprites, with

1 and 2 having the same sprColors, and 4 the same as

each other, 5 and 6 the same as each other, and 7 and 8
also having the same vsprite colors, then you will be

able to have all 8 vsprites on the same horizontal line.

In this case, you will be able to put all 8 vsprites on

the same horizontal line. The reason this helps is that
the system hardware shares the color registers between pairs
of hardware sprites. The system thus has enough resources
to assign all vsprites to hardware sprites in that there

are 4 color-sets for 8 vsprites, exactly matching the
hardware maximum capabilities.

% 4 OO OO OO
™

Note that lastcolor will not be used for bobs. Just sprites.

if ((g->lastColor = ee hn oe * 8,
MEMF_PUBLIC | MEME_CLEAR)) == NULL) {
#ifdef DEBUG

kprintf ("ReadyGels: No memory for lastcolor.\n") ;
#endif

return (-1) ;

/* This is a table of pointers to the routines which should
186 Animation * be performed when DoCollision senses a collision. This

* declaration may not be necessary for a basic vsprite with
* no collision corec ton implemented, but then it makes for
: a complete example.

if ((g->collHandler = (struct collTable * OLE
collTable), MEMF_PUBLIC | MEME_: ») = {
#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf ("ReadyCGels: No memory for collHandler.\n");
#endi f
return (-1);

* When any part of the object touches or passes across
* this boundary, it will cause the bounda collision
* routine to be called. This is at smash [0] in the

: collision handler table and is called only if

c DoCollision is called.

g->leftmost = 0;

g->rightmost = = r->BitMap->BytesPerRow * 8 - 1;
g->topmost = 0;

g->bottommost = r->BitMap->Rows - 1;

r->GelsInfo = g; /* Link together the two structures */
InitGels (SpriteHead, SpriteTail, g );

/* Pointers initialized to the dummy sprites which will be
used by the system to keep track of the animation systen.

SetCollision 0, border_dummy, g
WaitTOEF (); ( ue
return (0) ;

}

[RRR RRR IIIT RRO I IIIT IK

* Use this to get rid of the gels stuff when it is not needed any more.
* You must have allocated the gels info stuff (use the ReadyGels routine).
*/

Por gece (9?
oo Gelsinfo *g;

if (g->collHandler != NULL)

reeMen (g->collHandler, sizeof (struct collTable)) ;
if os lor != NULL

->lastColor, sizeof(LONG) * 8);

if ce eeneke ine != NULL

reeMem (g->nextLine, sizeof (WORD) * 8);
if £3, >gelHead != NULL

peeton(s, Arpad sizeof (struct VSprite));
if {3 >gelTail
} reeMen (g- soeitsil, sizeof (struct VSprite) ) ;

[BERR REH KERR AER ER ERK ERR IR ERI RARER IIR IRR AIRE ITAA RIT AAAI AER IITA RITA

* Because MakeVSprite is called by MakeBob, MakeVSprite only creates the
* VSprite,it doesn't add it to the system list. The calling routine must
oe an AddVSprite after it is created.

struct VSprite *MakeVSprite(lineheight, image, colorset, x, ¥’
s

wordwidth, imagedepth, flag
SHORT lineheight; /* How tall is this vsprite? */
WORD *image; /* Where is the vsprite image data, should be
twice as many words as the value of lineheight */
WORD *colorset; /* Where is the set of three words which describes
the colors that this vsprite can take on? */
SHORT x, y; /* What is its initial onscreen position? */

SHORT wordwidth, imagedepth, flags;

struct VSprite *v; /* Make a pointer to the vsprite structure which
this routine dynamically allocates */

if ((v = (struct VSprite mye ey VSprite),
( MEME PUB CIC | MEME_CLEAR)) = == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG

printf ("MakeVSprite: Couldn't allocate VSprite.\n") ;
#endi ft

return (0) ;

v->Flags = flags; /* Ie this a vsprite, not a bob? */

v->Y
v->X

yy: /* Establish initial position relative to */
x; /* the Display coordinates. */

v->Height = lineheight; /* The Caller says how high it is. */

v->Width = wordwidth; /* A vseprite is always 1 word (16 bits) wide. */

/* There are two kinds of depth... the depth of the ge itself, and the

depth of the playfield into which it will be drawn a a depth

says how much data space will be needed to store an image if it's

2 Gpremegue 4 allocated. The playfield oc establishes Row much space
11 be needed to save and restore the ackgr ound when a bob is drawn.

A vsprite is always 2 Peenes deep, but if it's being used to make a
bob, rat may be deeper..

/
v->Depth = imagedepth;

+ He eM

* Assume that the caller at least has a default boundary collision
* routine.... bit 1 of this mask is reserved for boundary collision
* detect during DoCollision(). The only collisions reported will be
; with the borders. The caller can change all this later.

v->MeMask = 1;
v->HitMask = 1;

v->ImageData = image; /* Caller says where to find the image. */

Animation 187

188

Animation

/* Show system where to find a mask which is a squished down version
* of the vsprite (allows for fast horizontal border collision detect).

ae
if v->BorderLine = (WORD aoe sizeof RD) *wordwidth
CN eee MEME EdRY) {( (WORD) ).

UBLIC |
#ifdef DEBUG
Oetne Fists Vasnicet: Couldn't allocate BorderLine.\n”") ;
#endi f
return (0) ;

/* Show system where to find the mask which contains a 1 bit for
* position in the object in any plane where there is a 1 bit (all planes
: OR ‘ed together) .
7

if Mee GHP | = ( WORD EE) ae ee

ME_CHIP
#ifdef DEBUG
[DEBUG savgprite: Couldn't allocate CollMask.\n") ;
#endif
return (0) ;

/* This isn't used for a Bob, just a VSprite. It’s where the
* Caller says where to find the VSprites colors.
x

v->SprColors = colorset;

/* These aren't used for a VSprite, and MakeBob'll do set up for Bob. */
v->PlanePick = 0x00;
v->PlaneOnOff = 0x00;

InitMasks (v) ; /* Create the collMask and borderLine */
return (v) ;

}

struct Bob *MakeBob (bitwidth, lineheight, imagedepth, image,

Proneen | ,planeOnOff, x,y, flags
SHORT bitwidth, lineheight, imagedepth, planePick, planeOnOff,x,y, flags;
WORD *image;

struct Bob *b;
struct VSprite *v;
SHORT wordwidth;

wordwidth = (bitwidth+15) /16;

/* Create a vsprite for this bob, it will need to be deallocated
* later jiree) when this bob gets deleted.
: Note: No color set for bobs.

/

if ((v = Maloy -pra ce (LAnshetgne, image, NULL, x, y, wordwidth,
imagedepth, flags) 0) {

#ifdef DEBUG

kprintf ("MakeBob: MakeVSprite failed.\n") ;
#endi f
return (0) ;

/* Caller selects which bit planes into which the image is drawn. */
v->PlanePick = planePick;

/* What happens to the bit planes into which the image is not drawn. */
v->PlaneOnOff = planeOnOff;

if ((b = (struct Bob ele CLEAR)) 20) Bob) ,
PUBLIC | MEME_CLEAR) ) 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG

a ae Couldn't allocate bob.\n") ;
#endi f

return (0) ;

v->VSBob = b; /* Link together the bob and its vsprite structures */

b->Flags = 0; /* Not part of an animation (BOBISCOMP) and don't keep the
image present after bob is removed (SAVEBOB) */

/* Tell where to save Poa Must have enough space for as many
bitplanes deep as the display into which everything is being drawn.
/

if ((b->SaveBuffer = (WORD *)AllocMem(sizeof (SHORT) * wordwidth
* lineheight * imagedepth, MEMF_CHIP | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
kprintf("“MakeBob: Couldn't allocate save buffer .\n") ;
#endif
return (0) ;

b->ImageShadow = v->CollMask;

/* Interbob priorities are set such that the earliest defined bobs have
* the lowest priority, last bob defined is on top.

ae

b->Before = NULL; /* Let the caller worry about priority later. */
b->After = NULL;

b->BobVSprite = v;

/* InitMasks does not preset the imageShadow ... caller may elect to use
* the collMask or to create his own version of a shadow, although it

* is usually the same.
we

b->BobComp = NULL; /* this is not part of an animation */
b->DBuffer = NULL; /* this is not double buffered */

/* Return a pointer to this newly created bob for additional caller

: interaction or for AddBob (b) ;

return (b) ;

/* Deallocate memory which has been allocated the routines Makes. */
* Assumes images and imageshadow deallocated elsewhere. */

leteGel (v)
struct VSprite *v;

if “ !1= NULL) {
f (v->VSBob != NULL) {
if (v->VSBob->SaveBuffer != NULL) {
reeMem (v->VSBob- Se Destnh: sizeof (SHORT) * v->Width

* v->Height * v->Depth

f (v->VSBob->DBuffer != wet) {
if (v->VSBob->DBuffer->BufBuffer != 9) -t
reeMen (v->VSBob- >DBu ffer->Bu £Bu ffe
sizeof (SHORT) * v->Width * v- SHeight * v->Depth) ;

}
i

Fi eaea (v->VSBob->DBuffer, sizeof (struct DBu fPacket) ) ;
reeMem( v->VSBob, sizeof (struct Bob)) ;

}
if (v->CollMask != NULL) {
reeMem (v->CollMask, sizeof (WORD) * v->Height * v->Width) ;

if (v->BorderLine != NULL) {
reeMem (v->BorderLine, sizeof (WORD) * v->Width) ;

reeMen(v, sizeof (struct VSprite)) ;

Animation 189

Chapter 4

Text

Introduction

Text on the Amiga is simply another graphics primitive. Because of this, you can easily inter-
mix text and graphics on the same screen. Typically, a 320-by-200 graphics screen can contain
40-column, 25-line text using a text font defined in an 8-by-8 matrix. The same type of font
can be used to display 80-column text if the screen resolution is extended to 640 by 200. Win-
dow borders and other graphics embellishments may reduce the actual available area.

Text 191

The text support routines use the RastPort structure to hold the variables that control the
text drawing process. Therefore, any changes you make to RastPort variables affect both the
drawing routines and the text routines.

In addition to the basic fonts provided in the ROMs, you can link your own font into the sys-
tem, and ask that it be used along with the other system fonts.

This chapter shows you how to:
o Print text into a drawing area
o Specify the character color
o Specify which font to use
o Access disk-based fonts
o Link in a new font
o Define a new font

o Define a disk-based font

Printing Text into a Drawing Area

The placement of text in the drawing area depends on several variables. Among these are the
current position for drawing operations, the font width and height, and the placement of the
font baseline within that height.

CURSOR POSITION

Text position and drawing position use the same variables in the RastPort structure—cp_y
and cp_x, the current vertical and horizontal pen position. The text character begins at this
point. You use the graphics call Move(&rastPort, x, y) to establish the ep_y and cp_x
position.

192 Text

BASELINE OF THE TEXT

The cp_y position of the drawing pen specifies the position of the baseline of the text. In other
words, all text printed into a RastPort using a single “write string’? command is positioned
relative to this cp_y as the text baseline. Figure 4-1 shows some sample text that includes a

character that has 1 dot below the baseline and a maximum of 7 dots above and including the
baseline.

For clarity, blank squares and shaded squares, rather than Os and ls, are used for the figure.

Baseline for the
character set

Figure 4-1: Text Baseline

The figure shows that for this font, the baseline value is 6. The baseline value is the number of
lines from the top of the character to the baseline.

When the text routines output a character to a RastPort, the leftmost edge of the character
position is specified by the ep_x (current horizontal position) variable.

After all characters have been written to the RastPort, the variable cp_y is unchanged. The
value of cp_x will be changed by the number of horizontal positions that were needed to write

all characters of the specified text. Both fixed-width and proportionally spaced character sets
are accommodated.

The default fonts in the system are all designed to be above and below the baseline, where the
baseline position is at line 6 of the character font. This means that you must specify a cp_y
value of at least 6 when you request that text be printed to a RastPort in order to assure that
you stay within the memory bounds of the RastPort itself. Location (0,0) specifies the upper
left-hand corner of the memory space that is dedicated to the RastPort. Because all text will
be written above and below the baseline, you must start at a proper position or the routines will
write into non-RastPort memory.

You should not request that the text routines write beyond the outer bounds of the RastPort
memory, either horizontally or vertically. Text written outside the RastPort bounds may be
clipped if the RastPort supports clipping (most do). Clipping means that the system will
display only that portion of the text that is written into the boundaries of the RastPort.

Text 193

SIZE OF THE FONT

Font design is covered later in this chapter. For now, simply note that the width and height of
the font affect how many characters you may print on a line. The position of the baseline
affects where you print a line.

PRINTING THE TEXT

You may print text into a RastPort by using the Text() routine. A typical call to this routine
is:

Text( &rastPort, string, count )

where
&rastPort is a pointer that describes where the text is to be output
string is the address of the string output
count is the string length

SAMPLE PRINT ROUTINE

Here is an example showing a string to be written to a RastPort. This example assumes that
you have already prepared a RastPort into which the text can be rendered.

/* sample routine to print a single line of text to the screen. */
struct RastPort *rp;
test( )

SetAPen(rp,1); = _/* use color number 1 to draw the text */
Move( rp, 0, 40); /* start down a few lines from the top */
Text( rp, ” This is test text”, 17 );

return();

}

194 Text

Selecting the Font

Character fonts each have a name. Two default character fonts are provided in the ROMs.
One font produces either 40- or 80-column text (depending on the use of a 320 or 640 horizontal
resolution, respectively). The other font produces either 32- or 64-column text. The names and
specifications of these default fonts are are shown in table 4-1.

Table 4-1: Default Character Fonts

Font Type Height Name
40/80 8 topaz.font

32/64 9 topaz.font

To specify which font the system should use, you call the system routine OpenFont() or
OpenDiskFont(), followed by SetFont(). A typical call to these routines follows.

font—OpenFont(textattr);
font—OpenDiskFont(textattr);
SetFont( font, rp )

where

font

is a pointer to a TextFont data structure, returned by either OpenFont() or
OpenDiskFont().

textattr
is a structure located in the include file graphics/text.h. It contains a pointer to a null-

terminated string that specifies the name of the font, font height, font style bits, and
font preference bits.

rp is the address of the RastPort that is to use that font until told to use a different one.

The call to OpenFont() or OpenDiskFont() says ‘“‘give me a font with these characteristics.”
The system attempts to fulfill your request by providing the font whose characteristics best
match your request. The table above shows that both of the system fonts have the name
“topaz.font.’’ In the system font selections, the height of the characters distinguishes between
them. If OpenFont() cannot be satisfied, it returns a 0.

Text 195

Note: In chapter 1, ‘‘Graphics Primitives,” you saw that the routine InitRastPort() initializes
certain variables to default values. This routine automatically sets the default to topaz.font
with the correct width according to Preferences.

The example below shows how a new font is selected. This example prints two lines of text to
the screen, each line of text in a different font. It assumes that a RastPort is already set up
elsewhere.

#include ”graphics/text.h”

test( )
{
struct TextAttr f;
/* provide a font structure to build on for font change */
struct TextFont *font;
f.ta_Name = ”topaz.font”;
/* set font name into font descriptor struct */
/* initial font default is ‘“‘topaz.font”’ */
f.ta_YSize = 8;
/* define font size * /
f.ta_Style = 0;
/* define font style */
f.ta_Flags = 0;
/* define font preferences * /
font—OpenFont(&f);
if (font !=0) {
SetFont( rp, font);
/* ask system to find & set one like this */
Move( rp, 0, 40);
Text( rp, ’topaz.font, 8 dots high”, 23 );
CloseFont(font);
}
f.ta_Ysize=9;
font=OpenFont(&f);
if (font != 0) {
SetFont(rp,font);
Move( rp, 0, 48);
/* start a few lines down from the top */
Text( rp, *topaz.font, 9 dots high”, 23);
CloseFont(font);

return(0);

}

196 Text

Selecting the Text Color

You can select which color to use for the text you print by using the graphics calls SetAPen()
and SetBPen() and by selecting the drawing mode in your RastPort structure. The combina-
tion of those values determines exactly how the text will be printed.

Selecting a Drawing Mode

The DrawMode variable of a RastPort determines how the text will be combined with the
graphics in the destination area.

Note: The DrawMode selections are values, not bits. You can select from any one of the fol-
lowing drawing modes.

If DrawMode is JAM1, it means that the text will be drawn in the color of FgPen (the fore-
ground, or primary, drawing pen). Wherever there is a 1-bit in the text pattern, the FgPen
color will overwrite the data present at the text position in the RastPort. This is called over-
strike mode.

If DrawMode is JAM2, it means that the FgPen color will be used for the text, and the
BgPen color (the background or secondary drawing color pen) will be used as the background
color for the text. The rectangle of data bits that defines the text-character completely overlays
the destination area in your RastPort. Where there is a 1 bit in the character pattern
definition, the FgPen color is used. Where there is a O bit in the pattern, the BgPen color is
used. This mode draws text with a colored background.

If DrawMode is COMPLEMENT, it means that wherever the text character is drawn, a posi-
tion occupied by a 1 bit causes bits in the destination RastPort to be changed as follows (see

also figure 4-2):

o If a text-character 1 bit is to be written over a destination area O bit, it changes the
destination area to a 1 bit.

o If a text-character 1 bit is to be written over a destination area 1 bit, the result of com-
bining the source and destination is a O bit. In other words, whatever the current state

of a destination area bit, a 1 bit in the source changes it to the opposite state.

o Zero bits in the text character definition have no effect on the destination area.

Text 197

Example aligns left edges of both areas.

a
pes
ES
a
cr
od
BoE

eee bebe
De pee Eke
Be re eke
eee hee Ep key
DOPE ECE CEE eg
See ee Le
ee ee ek
Done orecpeg

Text Character Memory Area Result of printing it in complement

mode with left edges aligned as shown.

Figure 4-2: Complement Mode

If you set the INVERSVID flag to a 1, it will change all 1 bits to O bits and vice versa in a text
or other RastPort writing operation before writing them into the destination area. If the
drawing mode at that time is JAM2, then the pattern colors will be reversed as well. If
DrawMode is INVERSVID, you can produce inverse video characters.

Here is an example showing each of the three modes of text that you can produce. Again it
assumes that your RastPort has been set up elsewhere.

/* sample routine to print four lines of text to
* the screen, each line in a different mode */

test( )

SetAPen( rp, 2); /* use color 2 as primary drawing color */
SetBPen( rp, 3); /* use color 3 as secondary drawing color */
Move( rp, 0, 6); /* move the drawing position near upper left */

SetDrMd( rp, JAM1 );_ /* Jam 1 color into target raster */

Text( rp, ” This is JAM1 mode’, 17 );

Move{( rp, 0, 46); /* move the drawing position for next line */

SetDrMd( rp, JAM2 );_ _/* Jam 2 colors into target raster */

Text( rp, ” This is JAM2 mode”, 17 );

Move( rp, 0, 86); /* move the drawing position for next line * /
/* use exclusive-or (COMPLEMENT) to write */

SetDrMd( rp, COMPLEMENT );

Text( rp, ” This is COMPLEMENT mode’, 23 );

Move( rp, 0, 126 );

SetDrMd(rp,JAM1+INVERSEVID);

Text( rp, “INVERSE”, 7 );

return;

}

198 Text

Effects of Specifying Font Style

When you call OpenFont(), specifying certain style characteristics, the system searches the
loaded fonts to find the closest match to the font you requested. If the remainder of the charac-
teristics match what you have requested, but the style does not match, the text routines
AskSoftStyle() and SetSoftStyle() create a font styled as you have requested by modifying
the existing font (that is, modifying a normal font to italic or bold by modifying its characters.)
Because many fonts do not lend themselves to such modifications, it is always preferred that the
font of the specific style be loaded for use. The system always tries to find the exact specified
font before attempting to modify another to fit your request.

If there is a font present in the system that matches your OpenFont() request both in name
and size, but not in style, (as determined by looking at the font style field), you may use
SetSoftStyle() to generate the selected style algorithmically as follows:

NORMAL

The font is used exactly as defined.

UNDERLINED

An underline is generated one pixel below the baseline position.

ITALIC

The character is given a slant to the right, starting from the bottom line, and shifting
subsequent upward line positions to the right one bit position for every second count up
from the bottom of the character.

EXTENDED
This attribute cannot be set with SetSoftStyle(). See “Font Style” below.

If you use a font that has the various style characteristics built in, rather than generated, the
internal spacing and kerning tables tell the system how to leave the proper amount of space
between characters if you are simply printing them one at a time.

If you ask Text() to output the characters individually, Text() calculates character positioning
and width based on the normal width and inter-character spacing that it finds in the font
descriptor. After printing one or more characters, it automatically positions the drawing pen
(cp_x) at the position it believes to be correct for the next output character. This may cause
adjacent characters to overlap when printed individually.

There is a solution to this problem. If you are using generated style for a font, you must take
care to build your output strings of characters before calling Text() to output them. Text()

can handle character strings, correctly generating the desired style with correct inter-character
spacing.

Text 199

To increase inter-character spacing, you can set a field called rp_TxSpacing in the RastPort.
The spacing is specified in pixels.

Adding a New Font to the System

The ROM Exec code maintains a list of the text fonts that are currently linked into the system.
To add another font, you must open a disk font using the diskfont library or define the font.
You must also reserve some memory where the font can be loaded, move the font definition into
that memory area, and link the font name and location into the system font list.

Using a Disk Font

To use an existing disk font, you must open the diskfont library and open a disk font. Here are

the program fragments you need to open the library. This gives you access to whatever rou-
tines the diskfont library contains:

struct Library *DiskfontBase;

DiskfontBase = (struct Library *)
OpenLibrary(” diskfont.library” ,O);

Before trying to use the diskfont routines, you should check that the OpenLibrary() call
returned a value other than NULL.

Here is the program fragment you need to actually load a disk-based font. It assumes that you
already know the name of the font you want to load.

struct TextFont *font;
struct TextAttr myTextAttr;

font = OpenDiskFont(&myTextAttr);

200 Text

Finding Out Which Fonts Are Available

The function AvailFonts() fills in a memory area designated by you to hold a list of all of the
fonts available in the entire system. AvailFonts() searches the AmigaDOS directory path
currently assigned to FONTS: and locates all available fonts. If you haven’t issued a DOS

ASSIGN command to change the FONTS: directory path, the system will search the sys:fonts
directory.

The test program ‘“‘whichfont.c’’ at the end of this chapter provides a list of the fonts you can
use and shows you how to find the appropriate items to put into the text attribute data struc-
ture for the call to OpenDiskFont/().

Contents of a Font Directory

In a font directory, you will usually find two names for each font type. A typical pair of entries
in the fonts directory is as follows:

sapphire.font
sapphire(dir)

The file named sapphire.font does not contain the actual font. It contains the description of the
contents of that font family. The contents are described by a FontContentsHeader and one
or more FontContents data structure entries. The FontContentsHeader structure is
defined in libraries/diskfont.h as:

struct FontContentsHeader {
UWORD §fch_FileID; /* FCH_ID */
UWORD fch_NumEntries; /* the number of FontContents elements */
/* FontContents (1 or more) follow here */
I

where

fch_FileID
is simply a numeric identifier for this file type. The value is Oxf00.

fch_NumEntries
says how many entries of type FontContents follows this header.

Text 201

The FontContents structure is defined as follows:

struct FontContents {
char fe_FileName[MAXFONTPATH];
UWORD fc_YSize;
UBYTE fc_Style;
UBYTE fc_Flags;

}3
where

fc_FileName
is the pathname that AmigaDOS must follow to find the actual diskfont descriptive
header, along with the TextFont data structure of which this font is composed. Once

AmigaDOS reaches the path named in FONTS:, it finds the filename by the path shown
in this entry in FontContents.

fe_YSize, fc_Style, and fc_Flags
correspond to their equivalents in the TextAttr data structure (ta_YSize, ta_Style,
and ta_F lags).

As an example, a typical entry in sapphire.font is:

”sapphire/14”, a null-terminated string, padded out with
zeros for a length of MAXFONTPATH bytes,

14, the value for fc_YSize,

00, the value for fc_Style,

60 (hex) the value for fc_Flags.

This entry indicates that the actual DiskFontHeader for the font to be loaded is in path
FONTS:sapphire/14. This means that the sapphire subdirectory in the fonts directory must
have a file named 14 in order to allow this font to be loaded.

The Disk Font

A disk font is constructed as a loadable, executable module. In this manner, AmigaDOS can be
used to perform LoadSegment() and UnloadSegment() on it. AmigaDOS can therefore allo-
cate memory for the font, and return the memory when the font is unloaded. The contents of
the DiskFont are described in the include-file libraries/diskfont.h. The most significant item in

this structure, the embedded TextFont structure, is described below in the topic ‘‘Defining a
Font.”

202 Text

Defining a Font

To define a font, you must specify its characteristics using the TextFont structure. The
TextFont structure is specified in the include file named graphics/tezt.h. The following topics
show the meaning of the items in a TextFont structure. Following the structure description is
an example showing a four-character font, which is defined using this structure and can be
linked into the system using AddFont().

THE TEXT NODE

The first item in the TextFont structure is a listNode by which the system can link this font
structure into the system TextFonts list. You specify the name of the font using the name
pointer field of the font listNode.

For example:

struct TextFont suitFont;
/* name chosen for sample font here */
suitFont.textNode.ln_name = “‘suits.font’’;

FONT HEIGHT

You specify the height in the ySize variable. All characters of the font must be defined using
this number of lines of data even if they do not require that many lines to contain all font data.
Variable-height fonts are not supported.

For example:

suitFont.ySize = 8; /* all characters are 8 lines high */

FONT STYLE

You can specify the style of the font by specifying certain bits as 1s in the TextFont Style
variable. The value of Style is determined by the sum of the style bits, defined as:

Text 203

NORMAL (value = 0), The text font is used exactly as defined.
UNDERLINED (value = 1), The font is underlined.

BOLD (value = 2), The font is bold.

ITALIC (value = 4), The font is italic.

EXTENDED (value = 8), The font is stretched out (width).

In the font structure, these bits indicate style attributes as intrinsically a part of the font; that
is, the font already has them and you can never take them away.

FONT PREFERENCES

This variable provides additional information that tells the font routines how to create or access

the characters. The Preferences variable is composed of the sum of the preference bits, defined
as follows:

FPB_ROMFONT (value = 0)

The font is located in ROM. If you are making up your own font, this variable will not
be zero unless you are burning new system ROMs yourself.

FPB_REVPATH (value = 2)
The font is designed to be rendered from right to left (for example, Hebrew).

FPB_PROPORTIONAL (value = 32)

The characters in the font are not guaranteed to be xSize wide (see “Font Width”
below). Each character has its own width and positioning in the character space. The
bit-packing of the characters is of great importance, as described below. The variables
modulo, charloc, and charspace define how the characters are defined and bit-
packed.

FONT WIDTH

The xSize variable specifies the nominal width of the font. For example:

suitFont.tf_XSize = 14; /* specify 14 bits width */

204 Text

FONT ACCESSORS

If you have added a font to the system list, it is possible that more than one task will be access-
ing a character font. A variable in the font structure keeps track of how many accessors this
font currently has. Whenever you call OpenFont() or OpenDiskFont(), this variable is incre-
mented for the font and decremented by CloseFont(). The font accessor value should never be
reduced below zero. This accessor count should be initialized to zero before you first link a new
font into the system, but it is managed by the system after the link is performed.

If you wish to remove a font from the system to free the memory that it is currently using, you
must ensure that the number of accessors is zero before ordering its removal.

CHARACTERS REPRESENTED BY THIS FONT

It is possible to create a font consisting of 0 to 255 characters. Some fonts can be exceedingly
large because of their design and the size of the characters. For this reason, the text system
allows the design and loading of fonts that may consist of only a few of the characters. The
variables tf_loChar and tf_hiChar specify the numerical values for the characters represented
in this font. As an example, one font could contain only the capital letters. A second font could
contain the small letters, and a third could contain the punctuation marks and numerals.
Depending on the size of the font itself, you may arrange to subdivide the font even further.

In the example that is being built for this chapter, a font consisting of four playing card suits is
being constructed. This font might consist of only four items, one for each of the playing suits.
For example:

suitFont.tf_LoChar = 160;
/* value to use for first character chosen at whim */

suitFont.tf_HiChar = 163;
/* 160 to 163 range says that there are 4 characters
* represented in this font */

As part of the character data, in addition to defining the included character numbers, you must
also define a character representation to be used as the image of a character number requested

but not defined in this font. This character is placed at the end of the font definition.

For this example, any character number outside the range of 160-163 inclusive would print this
‘not in this font” character.

Text 205

THE CHARACTER DATA

The font structure includes a pointer to the character set data along with descriptions of the

how the data is packed into an array. The variables used are defined in graphics/tezt.h; their
usage is as follows:

tf_CharData

This is a pointer to the memory location at which the font data begins. This is the
bit-packed array of character information.

tf_Modulo

This is the row modulo for the font. The font is organized with the top line of the first
character bit adjacent to the top line of the second character and so on.

For example, if the bit-packed character set needs 10 words of 16 bits each to hold the
top line of all of the characters in the set, then the value of the modulo will be 20
(bytes). Twenty is the number which must be added to the pointer into the character
matrix to go from the first line to the second line of a specific character.

tf_CharLoc

This is a pointer to an array of paired values. The values are the bit offset into the
bit-packed character array for this character, and the size of the character in bits.
Expressed in C language, this array of values can be expressed as:

struct charDef = {
WORD charOffset;
WORD charBit Width;

}

In the program definition, the array to which charLoc points can be expressed as:

struct charDef suitDef[5];
/* define an array of four sets of character and one "not a
* character” bit-packed placement and width information */

For all proportional fonts, there must be one set of descriptors for each character
defined in the character set.

tf_CharSpace

This is a pointer to an array of words of proportional spacing information. This 1s the
width of each character rectangle, in other words, how many bits width are used to con-
tain the edge-to-edge width of this character’s bit definition.

For example, a narrow character may still be stored within a wide space (see figure 4-3).

206 Text

(Value = 5 for this example) Kern = 2

Figure 4-3: CharSpace Figure
If this pointer is null, use the nominal width for each character (xSize).

tf_CharKern
This is a pointer to an array of words of character kerning data. Kerning is the offset
from the character pointer to the start of the bit data (see figure 4-4). If this pointer is
null, kerning is zero.

(Value = 2 for this example)

Figure 4-4: CharKern Figure

A COMPLETE SAMPLE FONT

The sample font below pulls together all of the pieces from the above sections. It defines a font
whose contents are the four suits from a set of playing cards: clubs, hearts, spades and
diamonds.

The suits are defined as proportionally spaced to provide a complete example, even though each

suit could as easily have been defined in a 14-wide-by-8-high matrix. There is an open-centered
square, which is used if you ask for a character not defined in this font.

Text 207

* A complete sample font. To test this font, the following must be done:

In the AmigaDOS SYS:fonts directory, install a file named
test. font, containing 264 bytes.

The first two bytes must contain the value hex Of00, the identifier
for a font header.

The next word (2 bytes), should contain the value 0001, which is
the number of FontContents elements. There will be only one
font in the directory that this font description covers.

Follow this header material with the ASCII value for ’test/8’;

the next 250 bytes should be set to zero. This represents the
pathname for AmigaDOS to follow from the directory SYS:fonts to
reach this test font. *test’ is the directory it should go to and

8’ is the font file itself, as assembled and linked below.

The next two bytes (as one word) contain the font YSize; in this
case, 0008.

The next byte contains the font Flags, in this case 00.

The last byte contains the font characteristics, in this case hex 60.
This says it is a disk-based font (bit 1 set) and the font has been
removed (bit 7 set), saying that the font is not currently resident.

Summary (all in hex) of test.font file:

Of00 0001 test/8 ........ 0008 00 60
word word 256-bytes...... word byte byte

Create a directory named ’test’ in SYS:fonts.

Copy the file created by assembling and linking the test font
below into a file named ’8’ in subdirectory SYS:fonts/test.

Use the font under the Notepad program or any other. It defines ASCII
characters ’a’ ’b’ ’c’ and ’d’ only. All other characters print an
>unknown character,” a rectangle.

INCLUDE ” exec /ty pes.1”
INCLUDE ” exec /nodes.i”

208 Text

INCLUDE

fontName:

font:

” libraries /diskfont.i”

MOVEQ #0,D0

RTS
DC.L
DC.L
DC.B
DC.B
DC.L
DC.W
DC.W
DC.L

DS.B

DC.L
DC.L
DC.B
DC.B
DC.L
DC.L
DC.W
DC.W
DC.B
DC.B
DC.W
DC.W

‘provide an easy exit in case somebody
‘tries to RUN this file instead of loading it.

0 - In_Succ

0 - In _ Pred
NT_FONT ; In_Type

0 > In_Pri
fontName - In_Name
DFH_ID ; FileID

1 ; Revision

0 - Segment
MAXFONTNAME _— ; Name

0 > In_Succ

0 - In_Pred
NT_FONT ; In_Type

0 > In_Pri
fontName - In_Name

0 ; mn_ReplyPort
fontEnd-font ; mn_Length
8 : tf_YSize

0 ; tf_Style
FPF_DESIGNED+FPF_PROPORTIONAL : tf_Flags
14 : tf_XSize

6 ; tf_Baseline

* baseline must be no greater than YSize-1, otherwise algorithmically-
* generated style (italic particularly) can corrupt system memory.

DC.W
DC.W
DC.B
DC.B
DC.L
DC.W

DC.L

DC.L
DC.L

1

0

97

100
fontData
8

fontLoc

fontSpace
fontKern

- tf_BoldSmear

; tf_Accessors

- tf LoChar

- tf_HiChar

- tf_CharData

- tf Modulo, no of bytes to add to
- data pointer to go from one row of
- a character to the next row of it.
- tf CharLoc, bit position in the

- font data at which the character
- begins.

. tf_CharSpace

- tf_CharKern

Text 209

FOO GOO OO GCI aa GK kak aK

* These are the suits characters that this font data defines. ASCII lower-case

* ab,c,d. The font descriptor says that there are 4 characters described here.
* The fifth character in the table is the character to be output when there is

* no character in this character set that matches the ASCII value requested.
*

*

* 97 98 99 100 256

F< > on >< >< >
* @aad @@e@ @ @ @@Q@ GAGOQGGEGAQGE@
* @@QGQ@ aacae @@e@Ga@ @@a G@GGO@ @@ @@
* @aGQeGGGQ QGAGAGQGQ @@@G@@ CG @ @G@ @@ @@
* @@QGQGOQ GAGAGEGGQEGOQ @AGCGEGGOQ GQCAGQGGQ@E@ @@ @@
* Q@GaQ@ @G@ @ ace @O CCE Ge a @ @@ @@
* @G@ @ @@@ @ @@ @@
* @ @Ga@a@@ @ @@G@@@ QEAAGAGAGEAGQ

KRKEKKKKKEKKEKKKHEKREKEKKEEKKKKKEKRKEKKEEKEKEKRKEKEKEKEKKEKRKEKEKEKEEKKEKRKEKRKEKR KKK KEK KKK KKK KK

fontData:
DC.W $07 1C0,$08040,$070F F ,$0F 000
DC.W SOF BE3,$0E0E0, $0F 8CO,$03000
DC.W $07F CF ,$0F 9F3,$026C0,$03000
DC.W $03F9F $OF FFF ,$0FFC0,$03000
DC.W $01F0E,$0B9F3,$026C0,$03000
DC.W $00E00,$080E0,$020C0,$03000
DC.W $00403,$0E040,$0F 8FF ,$0F000
DC.W $00000,$00000,$00000,$00000
DC.W $00000,$00000,$00000 ,$00000

* font data is bit-packed edge to edge to save space; that’s what the
* fontLoc 1s all about.

fontLoc:

DC.L $00000000B, ,$0000B000B,$0001 60007 ,$0001 DOOOB
DC.L $00028000C

* Kach pair of words specifies how the characters are bit-packed. For
* example, the first character starts at bit position 0000, and is 000B

+ (11) bits wide. The second character starts at bit position O00B and
* is OOOB bits wide, and soon. Tells font handler how to unpack the
* bits from the array.

fontSpace:
DC.W 000012,000012,000008,000012,000013

210 Text

* fontSpace array: Use a space this wide to contain this character
* when it 1s printed.

fontKern:

DC.W 000001 ,000001 ,000001 ,000001 ,000001
fontEnd:

END

Sample Program

The following sample program asks AvailFonts() to make a list of the fonts that are available,
then opens a separate window and prints a description of the various attributes that can be ap-
plied to the fonts, in the font itself. Notice that not all fonts accept all attributes (garnet9 for
example, will not underline). If you run this program, note also that not all fonts are as easily
readable in the various bold and italicized modes. This rendering is done in a fixed manner by
software and the fonts were not necessarily designed to accept it. It is always best to have a

font that has been designed with a bold or italic characteristic built in rather than trying to
italicize and embolden an existing plain font.

/* >whichfont.c” */
#-define AFTABLESIZE 2000

#include ” exec/types.h”
#include ” exec/io.h”

#include ”exec/memory.h”

#include ” graphics/gfx.h”
#include ”hardware/dmabits.h”
#include ”hardware/custom.h”
#include ”hardware/blit.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxmacros.h”
#include ” graphics /copper.h”
#include ” graphics/view.h”
#include ” graphics/gels.h”
#include ” graphics/regions.h”
#include ” graphics/clip.h”
#include ” exec/exec.h”
#include ” graphics/text.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxbase.h”
#include ”devices/keymap.h”
#include ” libraries/dos.h”
#include ” graphics/text.h”

Text 211

#include ” libraries/diskfont.h”

#include ” intuition /intuition.h”

struct AvailFonts *af;
struct AvailFontsHeader *afh;
extern int AvailFonts();

struct TextFont *tf;
struct TextAttr ta;

ULONG DosBase;
ULONG DiskfontBase;
ULONG IntuitionBase;
ULONG GfxBase;

struct NewWindow nw = {

10, 10, /* starting position (left,top) */
620,40, /* width, height */

=1571; /* detailpen, blockpen */

0, /* flags for IDCMP */

WINDOWDEPTH]|WINDOWSIZING|WINDOWDRAG|SIMPLE_REFRESH|
ACTIVATE|GIMMEZEROZERO, /* window gadget flags */

0, /* pointer to Ist user gadget */
NULL, /* pointer to user check */
*Text Font Test”, /* title */

NULL, /* pointer to window screen */
NULL, /* pointer to super bitmap */
100,45, /* min width, height */
640,200, /* max width, height */
WBENCHSCREEN};

struct Window *w;
struct RastPort *rp;

SHORT text_styles| |] = { FS_NORMAL, FSF_UNDERLINED, FSF_ITALIC, FSF_BOLD,
FSF_ITALIC | FSF_BOLD, FSF_BOLD | FSF_UNDERLINED,
FSF_ITALIC | FSF_BOLD | FSF_UNDERLINED };

char *text| |] = { ” Normal Text”, ” Underlined”, ” Italicized”, ” Bold”,
” Bold Italics”, ” Bold Underlined”,
” Bold Italic Underlined” };

char textlength[{ |] = { 12, 11, 11, 5, 13, 16, 23 };

char *pointsize|| ass { ” 0” ,” 1?” 2 8 4” ” a” 6”,.” Co 8” ” 9” ,
EOP PIE 1 1s 1a 16 dae 1S

212 Text

> 90” a 91” me 99” = 93” — 94” - 95” — 96” hs QF? - IR” as 99”
” 30” _ 31” };

char fontname[40];

char dummy/100]; /* provided for string length calculation */
char outst|100); /* build something to give to Text, see note in the
* program body about algorithmically generated styles */
main()
{

UBYTE fonttypes;

int j,k,m;

SHORT afsize;

SHORT style;

SHORT sEnd; /* numerical position of end of string terminator,
* and coincidentally the length of the string. */

if( (DosBase = OpenLibrary(” dos.library”, 0)) =— NULL) exit(-1);

if((DiskfontBase—OpenLibrary(” diskfont. library” ,0))==—NULL) exit(-4);
if((IntuitionBase—OpenLibrary(” intuition.library” ,0))—=—NULL) exit(-2);
if((GfxBase—=OpenLibrary(” graphics. library” ,0))—=—=NULL) exit(-3);

tf—NULL,; /* no font currently selected */
afsize = AFTABLESIZE; /* show how large a buffer is available */
fonttypes = Oxff; /* show us all font types */

afh = (struct AvailFontsHeader +) AllocMem(afsize, MEMF_CLEAR);
if(afh == NULL) exit(-5);

printf(” \nSearching for Fonts\n”);
AvailFonts(afh, afsize, fonttypes);

af = (struct AvailFonts *) &afh/{1]; /* bypass header to get to the
* first of the availfonts */

for (j = 0; j < afh->afh_NumEntries; j++)

if((af->af_Attr.ta_Flags & FPF_REMOVED) ||
(af->af_Attr.ta_Flags & FPF_REVPATH) ||
((af- > af_Type&AFF_MEMORY)&&
(af->af_Attr.ta_Flags&FPF_DISKFONT)))
/* do nothing if font is removed, or if font
* designed to be rendered rt->left (simple
* example writes left to right) or if font
* both on disk and in ram, don’t list it twice. */

Text 213

/* AvailFonts performs an AddFont to the system list; if run twice, you
* get two entries, one of ”af_Type 1” saying that the font is memory-

* resident, and the other of ”af_Type 2” saying the font is disk-based.
* The third part of the if-statement lets you tell them apart if you

* are scanning the list for unique elements; it says "if it’s in

* memory and it is from disk, then don’t list it because you’ll find

* another entry in the table that says it is not in memory, but is on

* disk.” (Another task might have been using the font as well, creating
* the same effect.)

+)

else

{

printf(”\nFont name found was: %|s” ,af- >af_Attr.ta_Name);
printf(” and its point size is: %ld” ,af->af_Attr.ta_YSize);

/* Style parameter is in af->af_Attr.ta_Style,

* Flags parameter is in af- >af_Attr.ta_Flags.

7
}
af++:

}

/* now that we’ve listed the fonts, let’s look at them */

w= (struct Window +)Open Window(&nw);
rp —= w- >RPort;

for(m=0; m<2; m++) /* do normal video, then inverse video */

{

af = (struct AvailFonts *)&afh(1|; /* reset value of af to original */
SetAPen(rp,1);

if(m == 0)SetDrMd(rp,JAM1);
else SetDrMd(rp, JAM1+INVERSVID);

/* now print a line that says what font and what style it is */

for (j=0; j < afh->afh_NumEntries; j++)

{

CStringAppend(&fontname|0],af- >af_Attr.ta_Name);
/* copy name into build-name area */
/* already has ”.font” onto end of it */

ta.ta_Name = &fontname|0};
ta.ta_YSize = af->af_Attr.ta_YSize; /* ask for this size */

214 Text

ta.ta_Style — af->af_Attr.ta_Style; /* ask for designed style */
ta.ta_Flags = FPF_ROMFONT|FPF_DISKFONT|
FPF_PROPORTIONAL|FPF_DESIGNED,
/* accept it from anywhere it exists */
style = ta.ta_Style;

if('((af->af_Attr.ta_Flags & FPF_REMOVED) ||
(af->af_Attr.ta_Flags & FPF_REVPATH) ||
((af- > af_Type&AFF_MEMORY)&&
(af->af_Attr.ta_Flags&FPF_DISKFONT))))

/* this is an IF-NOT, the reverse of the earlier if-test on
* these same parameters

+)

{
tf = (struct TextFont *) OpenDiskFont(&ta);
if (tf !== 0)
{

SetFont(w->RPort, tf);

for(k=0; k<7; k++)
{
style = text_styles|k];
SetSoftStyle(w- >RPort,style,255);
SetRast(rp,0); /* erase any previous text */
Move(rp,10,20); = /* move down a bit from the top */
sEnd = CStringAppend(&outst(0],af- > af_Attr.ta_Name);
sEnd = sEnd + CStringAppend(outst|sEnd],” ”);
sEnd = sEnd + CStringAppend(outst|sEnd],

pointsizelaf- >af_Attr.ta_YSize]):

sEnd = sEnd + CStringAppend(&outst|sEnd],” Points, ” );
CStringA ppend(outst|sEnd],text/|k]);
Text(rp,doutst|0],CStringAppend(&dummy/(0],£outst|0}));

/* Have to build the string before sending it out to text IF

* ALGORITHMICALLY GENERATING THE STYLE since the kerning and
* spacing tables are based on the vanilla text, and not the

* algorithmically generated style. If you send characters out

* individually, it is possible that the enclosing rectangle of

* a later character will chop off the trailing edge of a

* preceding character.

+7

Text 215

| asi TuitelaiteTaitooilaateTuilotadiaaiinsadiasidiedieiadiaiaiietaiteiadietaiiodadiociaiediataiieiadieladieiaiteiediedaiieiadediaiadiedestadadietailedealadtadesiedadleduiiededaselaiesaiaaustated
* This alternate method, when in INVERSVID, exhibits the problem described above.
*
* Text(rp,af- >af_Attr.ta_Name,STRLEN(af- > af_Attr.ta_Name));
* Text(rp,” ”,2);
* Text(rp,pointsizelaf- >af_Attr.ta_YSize],2);
* Text(rp,” Points, ”,9);

x

* Text(rp,text(k],textlength |k]);
2k Ke 2 ok 2 ik fe 2 2 2 ok 2k 2c ok ok otc ok ok 2 2k 2k 2 2 2 2k ok 2K KK 2k a 2 ok 2 2k oe ok 2 ok 2k 2K 2 ok 2 2 2k 2 i 2k 2k ok 2 2 2 2 2c 2k 2k 2K 2K 2k ok 2K 2k ok ok 2k ok ok 2k ok 2K 2k ok

Delay(40); = /* use the DOS time delay function
* specifies 60ths of a second */

CloseFont(tf); /* close the old one */

/* NOTE: Even though you close a font, it doesn’t get unloaded from
* memory unless a font with a different name is specified for loading.
+ In this case, any font that has been closed (except the topaz set)

* can have its memory area freed, and that font will no longer be

* accessible. If you close a font to go to a different point size, it

* will NOT cause a disk access.

*

\ /* end of if-tf-ne-O */
} /* end of if-(in memory but from disk) */
af++;
} /* Do next font now */ |
} /* end of for-loop, controlled by m */

FreeMem(afh,AFTABLESIZE);
CloseWindow(w);
CloseLibrary(IntuitionBase);
CloseLibrary(DosBase);
CloseLibrary(DiskfontBase);
CloseLibrary(GfxBase);

j

/* copy a string and return the number of characters added to a string.
* Effectively returns the length of the string if not adding anything */

216 Text

int CStringAppend(dest, source)
char *dest;
char *source;
{
int 1=0;
char *s = source;
char *d = dest;
while (( 1 <79 )&&( *d = *s )) { d++; s+; i++; }
/* if a NULL found in source, end the copy, but the NULL itself gets
* copied over to the destination. If no NULL, then 79 characters get
* copied, then a terminating NULL is added */
if(i < 79) return(i);
else {*d = 0; return(i); }
/* value returned is the position of the terminating NULL to
* allow other strings to be appended simply using the next
* append command in sequence */

Text

217

PART II

Chapter 5

Audio Device

Introduction

The Amiga has four hardware audio channels—two of the channels produce audio output from
the left audio connector and two from the right. These channels can be used in many ways.
You can combine a right and a left channel for stereo sound, use a single channel, or play a
different sound through each of the four channels.

Audio Device 221

The audio software is implemented as a standard Amiga input/output device with commands
that allocate audio channels and control the sound output.

Some of the audio device commands isolate the programmer from idiosyncrasies of the special-
chip hardware. You can also produce sound on the Amiga by directly accessing the hardware
registers. For certain types of sound synthesis, this is more CPU-efficient. Some of the audio
commands make most sound synthesis easier. Other commands enable your program to co-
reside with other programs using the multitasking environment to produce sound at the same
time. Programs can co-reside because the audio device handles allocation of audio channels and
arbitrates among programs competing for the same resources.

Most personal computers that produce sound have hardware designed for one specific synthesis
technique. The Amiga uses a very general method of digital sound synthesis that is quite simi-
lar to the method used in digital hi-fi components and state-of-the-art keyboard and drum syn-
thesizers, with one significant difference. The Amiga has a tightly-coupled 68000 microprocessor
capable of generating and modifying the digital data while the sound is playing. How much of
the CPU you can afford to use for sound synthesis depends on your application.

For programs that can afford the memory, playing sampled sounds gives you a simple and very
CPU-efficient method of sound synthesis. When a sound is sampled, the amplitude of the
waveform that represents a sound is measured (sampled) by an analog-to-digital converter at a
fixed interval (period) in time. This results in a table of numbers. When the sound is played
back by the Amiga, the table is fed by a DMA channel into one of the four digital-to-analog
converters in the custom chips. The digital-to-analog converter converts the samples into vol-
tages that can be played through amplifiers and loudspeakers, reproducing the sound.

On the Amiga you can create sound data in many other ways. For instance, you can use tri-
gonometric functions in your programs to create the more traditional sounds—sine waves,
square waves, or triangle waves—by using tables that describe their shapes. Then you can
combine these waves for richer sound effects by adding the tables together. Once the data is
entered, you can modify it with techniques described in the section called ‘“‘Audio Functions and
Commands.”

For information about the limitations of the audio hardware and suggestions for improving sys-
tem efficiency and sound quality, refer to the Amiga Hardware Reference Manual.

The following works are recommended for information about computer sound generation in
general:

o Musical Applications of Microprocessors, by Hal Chamberlain (Hayden, 1980)

o Foundations of Computer Music, by Curtis Roads and John Strawn (Cambridge: MIT
Press, 1985)

222 Audio Device

o Digital Audio Signal Processing, by John Strawn (Los Altos, California: William Kauf-
mann, Inc., 1985)

Definitions

Terms used in the following discussions may be unfamiliar. Some of the more important terms
are defined below.

Amplitude

The height of a waveform, which corresponds to the amount of voltage or current in
the electronic circuit.

Amplitude modulation

A means of producing special audio effects by using one channel to alter the amplitude
of another.

Buffer

An area of continuous memory, typically used for storing blocks of data.

Channel
One “‘unit’’ of the audio device.

Cycle

One repetition of a waveform.

Frequency
The number of times per second a waveform repeats.

Frequency modulation

A means of producing special audio effects by using one channel to affect the period of
the waveform produced by another channel.

Period

The time elapsed between the output of successive sound samples, in units of system
clock ticks.

Precedence
Priority of the user of a sound channel.

Sample
Byte of audio data, one of the fixed-interval points on the waveform.

Audio Device 223

Volume
The decibel level of sound coming from an audio channel.

Waveform

Graph that shows a model of how the amplitude of a sound varies over time— usually
over one cycle.

Audio Functions and Commands

The first part of this section gives some general information about audio functions and com-
mands. Following the general information there is a brief description of each command. For
complete specifications, see the command and function reference section and the header files
devices/audio.i and devices/audio.h in the “Include Files” appendix.

AUDIO AS A DEVICE

The audio device has much in common with the other I/O devices, so general information about
device I/O is not repeated here. Before reading further, you should become familiar with the
general description of device I/O in the Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec.

Audio device commands use an extended [ORequest block instead of the standard [ORequest
block. When using an audio command, refer to the devices/audio.1 and devices/audto.h files for
the extended fields.

SCOPE OF COMMANDS

All audio commands (except for CMD_WRITE, ADCMD_WAITCYCLE, and CMD_READ) can
operate on multiple channels. CMD_WRITE, ADCMD_WAITCYCLE, and CMD_READ
operate on only one channel. You tell the audio device driver which channels you want a com-
mand to act upon by setting the least significant four bits of the io_unit field of the
TORequest block. You specify a 1 in the position of the channel you want to affect and a 0 in
all other positions. For instance, you specify 5 (0101) to use channels 0 and 2.

Certain of the audio device commands are actually higher-level functions in that they execute
more than one audio device command with a single call. For example, the OpenDevice() func-
tion, when used for the audio device, can perform an ADCMD_ALLOCATE command so that
you can start writing data immediately. The CloseDevice() function can perform a
ADCMD_FREE command to relinquish the channel(s) so you can exit immediately after closing
the audio device.

224 Audio Device

ALLOCATION AND ARBITRATION

You request the use of one or more audio channels by performing the ADCMD_ALLOCATE
command. If possible,s ADCMD_ALLOCATE obtains the channels for you. When you request
a channel, you specify a precedence number from -128 (the lowest precedence) to 127 (the
highest). If a channel you want is being used and you have specified a higher precedence than
the current user, ADCMD_ALLOCATE will “steal” the channel from the other user. Later on,
if your precedence is lower than that of another user who is performing an allocation, the chan-
nel may be stolen from you. If, after allocating a channel with the appropriate precedence, you
raise the precedence to the maximum precedence with the ADCMD_SETPREC command, then
no other allocation call can steal a channel from you. When you have finished with a channel,
you must relinquish it with the ADCMD_FREE command to make it available for other users.

Table 5-1 shows suggested precedence values.

Predecence

127

90 - 100

80 - 90
79
90 - 70

-00 - 50

-70 - O

-100 - -80
-128

Table 5-1: Suggested Precedences for Channel Allocation

Type of Sound

Unstoppable. Sounds first allocated at lower precedence, then set
to this highest level.

Emergencies. Alert, urgent situation that requires immediate
action.

Annunciators. Attention, bell (CTRL-G).
Speech. Synthesized or recorded speech (narrator.device).

Sonic cues. Sounds that provide information that is not provided
by graphics. Only the beginning of each sound (enough to recog-
nize it) should be at this level; the rest should be set to sound
effects level.

Music program. Musical notes in music-oriented program. The
higher levels should be used for the attack portions of each note.
Notes should separately allocate channels at the start and free
them at the end.

Sound effects. Sounds used in conjunction with graphics. More
important sounds should use higher levels.

Background. Theme music and restartable background sounds.

Silence. Lowest level (freeing the channel completely is preferred).

Audio Device

225

When you first perform a channel allocation request, the audio device provides you with an
“allocation key’’ that is unique to the granting of your current allocation request. The alloca-
tion key is also copied in the ioa_AllocKey field of your I/O control block and is used by all
audio commands. Later, as you queue output requests to the audio device, the device can com-
pare the allocation key in your request block to the key currently assigned for that channel (or
channels). If the channel is stolen from you by another channel user that has a higher pre-
cedence, the copy of the key maintained by the audio channel is changed. If you attempt to
perform a command on a channel that has been stolen from you, an AUDIO_NOALLOCATION
error is returned and the bit in the io_unit field corresponding to the stolen channel is cleared
so you know which channel was stolen.

There is no specific separate ‘‘audio resource.” Instead, the audio device, with its allocation key
management, arbitrates the use of the physical audio resources.

PERFORMING AUDIO COMMANDS

To perform an audio command, sometimes you must use the system function BeginIO() rather
than SendIO() or DoIO(). This is because the latter two functions clear the device-specific
bits in the io_Flags field of the I[ORequest (bits 4 thru 7). Some of the audio commands use
these bits to select options. If you use SendIO() or DoIO(), the flags will be set to 0 (FALSE),

which may not be desirable.

COMMAND TYPES

Commands and functions for audio use can be divided into three categories: system functions,
allocation /arbitration commands, and hardware control commands. There are also three audio
device flags.

The system functions are
o OpenDevice()
o CloseDevice()
o BeginIO()
o <AbortIO()

The allocation/arbitration commands are

226 Audio Device

o0 ADCMD_ALLOCATE
o ADCMD_FREE
o ADCMD_SETPREC
o ADCMD_LOCK
The hardware control commands are
o CMD_WRITE
o0 ADCMD_FINISH
o ADCMD_PERVOL
o CMD_FLUSH
o CMD_RESET
o ADCMD_WAITCYCLE
o CMD_STOP
o CMD_START
o CMD_READ

The following paragraphs describe each function and command.

SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

These are standard Amiga device functions. They are used for communication with the device.

OpenDevice()

The audio device adds to the normal operation of this function. When you open the audio dev-
ice with a nonzero ioa_Length field, OpenDevice() will attempt to allocate channels based on
allocation mask just as if you had called the ADCMD_ALLOCATE command. This allocation
is done with the ADIOF_NOWAIT flag set, so ADCMD_ALLOCATE will return immediately if
it fails. If you are opening the device and are not ready to have a channel allocated to you just
then, set the ioa_Length field to zero.

Audio Device 227

CloseDevice()

When used with the audio device, CloseDevice() performs an ADCMD_FREE command on
any channels selected by the io_Unit field. If you have different allocation keys for the chan-
nels you are using, you cannot use this function to close all of them at once. Instead, you will
have to issue one ADCMD_FREE command for each unique allocation that you are using.
After issuing the ADCMD_FREE command(s), you can call CloseDevice().

BeginIO()

Audio use of this function differs from normal use only in that it takes a pointer to an
IOAudio structure as its only argument.

AbortIO()

This function can be used to cancel requests for ADCMD_ALLOCATE, ADCMD_LOCK,
CMD_WRITE, or ADCMD_WAITCYCLE. When used with the audio device, AbortIO()

always succeeds.

ALLOCATION/ARBITRATION COMMANDS

These commands allow the audio channels to be shared among different tasks and programs.
None of these commands can be called from interrupt code.

ADCMD_ALLOCATE

This command gives access to channels. You perform this command with a pointer to a data
array that describes the channels you want to allocate. For example, if you want a pair of
stereo channels and you have no preference about which of the left and right channels the sys-
tem will choose for the allocation, you can pass the command a pointer to an array containing
3, 5, 10, and 12. Channels 0 and 3 output sound on the left side, and channels 1 and 2 on the
right side. Table 5-2 shows how this array corresponds to all the possible combinations of a
right and a left channel.

228 Audio Device

Table 5-2: Possible Channel Combinations

Decimal
Channel 3 Channel 2 Channell Channel 0 Value of
left right right left Allocation Mask
0 0 1 1 3
0 1 0 1 5
1 0 1 0 10
1 1 0 0 12

How ADCMD_ALLOCATE Operates. The ADCMD_ALLOCATE command tries the first
combination, 3, to see if channels O and 1 are not being used. If they are available, the 3 is
copied into the io_unit field and you get an allocation key for these channels. You copy the
key into other I/O blocks for the other commands you may want to perform using these chan-
nels. When finished with the channels, you perform the ADCMD_FREE command. If channels
O and 1 are being used, ADCMD_ALLOCATE tries the other combinations in turn. If all the
combinations are in use, ADCMD_ALLOCATE checks the precedence number of the users of
the channels and finds the combination that requires it to steal the channel or channels of the
lowest precedence. If all the combinations require stealing a channel or channels of equal or
higher precedence, the I/O request ADCMD_ALLOCATE fails. Precedence is in the In_Pri

field of the io_Message in the IORequest block you pass to ADCMD_ALLOCATE;; it has a
value from -128 to 127.

The ADIOF_NOWAIT Flag. If you need to produce a sound right now and otherwise you
don’t want to allocate, set the ADIOF_NOWAIT flag to 1. This will cause the command to
return an IJOERR_ALLOCFAILED error if it cannot allocate any of the channels. If you are
producing a non-urgent sound and you can wait, set the ADIOF_NOWAIT flag to 0. Then, the
TORequest block returns only when you gets the allocation. If ADIOF_NOWAIT is set to 0,
the audio device will continue to retry the allocation request whenever channels are freed until
it is successful. If the program decides to cancel the request, AbortIO() can be used.

ADCMD_ALLOCATE Examples. The following are some more examples of how to tell
ADCMD_ALLOCATE your channel preferences. If you want any channel, but want to try to
get a left channel first, use an array containing 1, 8, 2, and 4:

0001
1000
0010
0100

Audio Device 229

If you want only a left channel, use 1 and 8 (channels O and 3):

0001
1000

For a right channel, use 2 and 4 (channels 1 and 2):

0010
0100

To produce special effects, such as hardware-controlled amplitude and frequency modulation,
you may need to allocate channels that can be ‘‘attached”’ to each other. The following alloca-
tion map specifies the allowable combinations. (For further information about amplitude and
frequency modulation, see the Amiga Hardware Reference Manual.)

0011 3
0110 6
1100 12

If you want all the channels, use the following allocation map:

1111 15

If you want to allocate a channel and keep it for a sound that can be interrupted and restarted,
allocate it at a certain precedence. If it gets stolen, allocate it again with the ADIOF_NOWAIT
flag set to 0. When the channel is relinquished, you will get it again.

The Allocation Key. If you want to perform multi-channel commands, all the channels must
have the same key since the I[ORequest block has only one allocation key field. The channels
must all have that same key even when they were not allocated simultaneously. If you want to
use a key you already have, you can pass in that key in the allocation key field and
ADCMD_ALLOCATE can _ allocate other channels with that existing key. The
ADCMD_ALLOCATE command returns a new and unique key only if you pass in a zero in the
allocation key field.

ADCMD_FREE

ADCMD_FREE is the opposite of ADCMD_ALLOCATE. When you perform ADCMD_FREE
on a channel, it does a CMD_RESET command on the hardware and ‘“‘unlocks’’ the channel. It
also checks to see if there are other pending allocation requests. You do not need to perform

ADCMD_FREE on channels stolen from you.

230 Audio Device

ADCMD_SETPREC

This command changes the precedence of an allocated channel. As an example of the use of
ADCMD_SETPREC, assume that you are making sound of a chime that takes a long time to
decay. It is important that user hears the chime but not so important that he hears it decay all
the way. You could lower precedence after the initial attack portion of the sound to let another
program steal the channel. You can also set the precedence to maximum (127) if you cannot
have the channel(s) stolen from you.

ADCMD_LOCK

The ADCMD_LOCK command performs the ‘‘steal verify”? function. When a user is attempt-
ing to steal a channel or channels, ADCMD_LOCK gives you a chance to clean up before the
channel is’ stolen. You’ perform a ADCMD_LOCK command right after the
ADCMD_ALLOCATE command. ADCMD_LOCK does not return until a higher-priority user
attempts to steal the channel(s) or you perform an ADCMD_FREE command. If someone is
attempting to steal, you must finish up and ADCMD_FREE the channel as quickly as possible.

ADCMD_LOCK is necessary only if you want to store directly to the hardware registers instead
of using the device commands. If your channel is stolen, you are not notified unless the
ADCMD_LOCK command is present, and this could cause problems for the user who has stolen
the channel and is now using it. ADCMD_LOCK sets a switch that is not cleared until you per-
form an ADCMD_FREE command on the channel. Canceling an ADCMD_LOCK request with
AbortIO() will not free the channel.

The following outline describes how ADCMD_LOCK works when a channel is stolen and when
it is not stolen.

1. User A allocates a channel.
2. User A locks the channel.
If User B allocates the channel with a higher precedence:

3. User B’s ADCMD_ALLOCATE command is suspended (regardless of the setting of the
ADIOF_NOWAIT flag).

4. User A’s ADCMD_LOCK command is_ replied to with an _— error
(ADIOERR_CHANNELSTOLEN).

5. User A does whatever is needed to finish up when a channel is stolen.

Audio Device 231

6. User A frees the channel with ADCMD_FREE.
7. User B’s ADCMD_ALLOCATE command is replied to. Now user B has the channel.
If the channel is not allocated by another user:
3. User A finishes the sound.
4. User A performs the ADCMD_FREE command.
5. User A’s ADCMD_LOCK command is replied.
Never make the freeing of a channel (if the channel is stolen) dependent on allocating another

channel. This may cause a deadlock. To keep a channel and never let it be stolen, set pre-
cedence to maximum (127). Do not use a lock for this purpose.

HARDWARE CONTROL COMMANDS

The following commands change hardware registers and affect the actual sound output.

CMD_WRITE

This 1s a single-channel command and is the main command for making sounds. You pass the
following to CMD_WRITE:

o A pointer to the waveform to be played (must start on a word boundary and must be
in memory accessible by the custom chips, MEMF_CHIP)

o The length of the waveform in bytes (must be an even number)
o Account of how many times you want to play the waveform

If the count is 0, CMD_WRITE will play the waveform from beginning to end, then repeat the
waveform continuously until something aborts it.

If you want period and volume to be set at the start of the sound, you set the WRITE
command’s ADIOF_PERVOL flag. If you do not do this, the previous volume and period for
that channel will be used. This is one of the flags that would be cleared by DoIO() and
SendIO(). The ioa_WriteMsg field in the I[ORequest block is an extra message field that
can be replied at the start of the CMD_WRITE. This second message is used only to tell you
when the CMD_WRITE command _ starts processing, and it is used only when the
ADIOF_WRITEMESSAGE flag is set to 1.

232 Audio Device

If a CMD_STOP has been performed, the CMD_WRITE requests are queued up.

The CMD_WRITE command does not make its own copy of the waveform, so any modification
of the waveform before the CMD_WRITE command is finished may affect the sound. This is
sometimes desirable for special effects.

To splice together two waveforms without clicks or pops, you must send a separate, second
CMD_WRITE command while the first is still in progress. This technique is used in double-
buffering, which is described below.

Double-buffering. By using two waveform buffers and two CMD_WRITE requests you can
compute a waveform continuously. This is called double-buffering. The following describes how
you use double-buffering.

1. Compute a waveform in memory buffer A.

2. Issue CMD_WRITE command A with io_Data pointing to buffer A.

3. Continue the waveform in memory buffer B.

4. Issue CMD_WRITE command B with io_Data pointing to Buffer B.

5. Wait for CMD_WRITE command A to finish.

6. Continue the waveform in memory buffer A.

7. Issue CMD_WRITE command A with io_Data pointing to Buffer A.

8. Wait for CMD_WRITE command B to finish.

9. Loop back to step 3 until the waveform is finished.

10. At the end, remember to wait until both CMD_WRITE command A and CMD_WRITE

command B are finished.

ADCMD_FINISH

The ADCMD_FINISH command aborts (calls AbortIO()) the current write request on a chan-
nel or channels. This is useful if you have something playing, such as a long buffer or some
repetitions of a buffer, and you want to stop it.

ADCMD_FINISH has a flag you can set (ADIOF_SYNCCYCLE) that allows the waveform to

finish the current cycle before aborting it. This is useful for splicing together sounds at zero
crossings or some other place in the waveform where the amplitude at the end of one waveform

Audio Device 233

matches the amplitude at the beginning of the next. Zero crossings are positions within the
waveform at which the amplitude is zero. Splicing at zero crossings gives you fewer clicks and
pops when the audio channel is turned off or the volume is changed.

ADCMD_PERVOL

ADCMD_PERVOL lets you change the volume and period of a CMD_WRITE that is in pro-
gress. The change can take place immediately or you can set the ADIOF_SYNCCYCLE flag to
have the change occur at the end of the cycle. This is useful to produce vibratos, glissandos,
tremolos, and volume envelopes in music or to change the volume of a sound.

CMD_FLUSH

CMD_FLUSH aborts (calls AbortIO()) all CMD_WRITEs and all ADCMD_WAITCYCLEs

that are queued up for the channel or channels. It does not abort ADCMD_LOCKs (only
ADCMD_FREE clears locks).

CMD_RESET

CMD_RESET restores all the audio hardware registers. It clears the attach bits, restores the
audio interrupt vectors if the programmer has changed them, and performs the CMD_FLUSH
command to cancel all requests to the channels. CMD_RESET also unstops channels that have
had a CMD_STOP performed on them. CMD_RESET does not unlock channels that have been
locked by ADCMD_LOCK.

ADCMD_WAITCYCLE

This is a single-channel command. ADCMD_WAITCYCLE is replied to when the current cycle
has completed, that is, after the current CMD_WRITE command has reached the end of the
current waveform it is playing. If there is no CMD_WRITE in progress, it returns immediately.

CMD_STOP

This command stops the current write cycle immediately. If there are no CMD_WRITEs in
progress, it sets a flag so any future CMD_WRITEs are queued up and do not begin processing
(playing).

234 Audio Device

CMD_START

CMD_START undoes the CMD_STOP command. Any cycles that were stopped by the
CMD_STOP command are actually lost because of the impossibility of determining exactly
where the DMA ceased. If the CMD_WRITE command was playing two cycles and the first one
was playing when CMD_STOP was issued, the first one is lost and the second one will be
played.

This command is also useful when you are playing the same wave form with the same period
out of multiple channels. If the channels are stopped, when the CMD_WRITE commands are

issued, CMD_START exactly synchronizes them, avoiding cancellation and distortion. When
channels are allocated, they are effectively started by the CMD_START command.

CMD_READ

CMD_READ is a single-channel command. Its only function is to return a pointer to the
current CMD_WRITE command. It enables you to determine which request is being processed.

Example Programs

STEREO SOUND EXAMPLE

This program demonstrates allocating a stereo pair of channels using the allocation /arbitration
commands. For simplicity, it uses no hardware control commands and writes directly to the
hardware registers. To prevent another task from stealing the channels before writing to the
registers, it locks the channels.

Audio Device 235

aaa aaa aaa ala eal ladldlacedladadlaadledadtaladteabaaiteladealadaitaladiabadaatebasibelaitelaitelaieiiebasibelaiie
*

* Stereo Sound Example

*

* Sam Dicker

* 3 December 1985

* (created: 17 October 1985)

*

EEO E IO AGIOS IGG ICIS IO OIA I I Ir Ia a ak /

/* If you are using the Amiga C compiler, turn off stack-checking
* in phase 2, e.g., ‘“‘Ic2 -v filename.q.”’

,

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ”exec/memory.h”
#include ” hardware/custom.h”
#include ”hardware/dmabits.h”
#include ” libraries/dos.h”

# include ”devices/audio.h”

/* audio channel assignment */
#define LEFTOB
#define RIGHTOB
#define RIGHT1B
#define LEFTIB
#define LEF TOF
#define RIGHTOF
#define RIGHTIF
#define LEFTIF

corr WOK WN — CO

/* used by example sound */
#define WAVELENGTH 2
#define CLOCK 3579545
#define LEFTFREQ 50.0
#define RIGHTFREQ 50.1
#define MAXVOLUME 64
#define SOUNDPREC -40

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct AudChannel aud| J;

extern UWORD dmacon;

/* four possible stereo pairs */

UBYTE allocationMap| | = {

236 Audio Device

}

LEFTOF | RIGHTOF,
LEFTOF | RIGHTIF,
LEFTIF | RIGHTOF,
LEFTIF | RIGHTIF

struct IOAudio *alloclIOB = 0; /* used by cleanUp to determine

* what needs to be ’cleaned up’ */

struct IOAudio *lockIOB = 0;
struct Device *device = 0;
struct MsgPort *port = 0;
BYTE *squareWaveData — 0;

main()

{

UBYTE channels;
struct AudChannel *leftRegs, «rightRegs;

/* allocate I/O blocks from chip public memory and initialize to zero */

if (((allocIOB = (struct IOAudio *)AllocMem(sizeof(struct I[OAudio),
MEMF_PUBLIC | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0) ||
((lockKIOB = (struct IOAudio *)AllocMem(sizeof(struct [OAudio),
MEMF_PUBLIC | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0))
cleanUp(” Out of memory”);

/* open the audio device */

if (OpenDeviceiAUDIONAME, 0, allocIOB, 0) != 0)
cleanUp(” Cannot open audio device”);
device = alloclIOB- >10a_Request.io_Device;

/* initialize I/O block for channel allocation */

alloclOB- >ioa_Request.io_Message.mn_Node.]In_Pri = SOUNDPREC;
if ((port = CreatePort(”sound example”, 0)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Cannot create message port” ):
alloclOB- >ioa_Request.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort = port;
allocIOB- >ioa_Request.io_Command = ADCMD_ALLOCATE;

/* if no channel is available immediately, abandon allocation */
alloclOB- > i0a_Request.io_Flags = ADIOF_NOWAIT;
alloclOB- >ioa_Data = allocationMap;

allocIOB->ioa_Length = sizeof(allocationMap);

Audio Device 237

/* allocate channels now. Alternatively, ADCMD_ALLOCATE could have been
* preformed when audio was first OpenDevice’d by setting up 1oa_Data and
* ioa_Length before OpenDevice’ing */

BeginIO(allocIOB);
if (WaitIO(allocIOB))
cleanUp(” Channel allocation failed” );

/* initialize I/O block for to lock channels */

lockIOB- > ioa_Request.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort = port;
lockIOB- > ioa_Request.io_Device = device;

/* one lock command to lock both channels */

lockIOB- > ioa_Request.io_Unit = alloclIOB->10a_Request.io_Unit;
lockIOB- > ioa_Request.io_Command = ADCMD_LOCK;
lockIOB- >i0a_AllocKey = allocIOB->ioa_AllocKey;

/* lock the channels */
SendIO(lJockIOB);

/* if lock returned there is an error */

if (CheckIO(lockIOB))

/* the channel must have been stolen */
cleanUp(” Channel stolen” );

/* compute the hardware register addresses */

channels = (ULONG)(allocIOB- > ioa_Request.io_Unit);
leftRegs = (channels & LEFTOF) ? &aud|LEFTOB] : &aud|LEFT1B);
rightRegs = (channels & RIGHTOF) ? &aud{|RIGHTOB] : &aud[RIGHT 1B};

/* allocate waveform memory from chip-addressable ram. AllocMem always

* allocates memory on a word boundary which is necessary for audio
* waveform data */

if ((squareWaveData = (BYTE *)AllooMem(WAVELENGTH, MEMF_CHIP)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Out of memory” );

/* a two cycle square wave (how complex!) */

squareWaveData|0| = 127;
squareWaveData|1| = -127;

238 Audio Device

/* these registers are described in detail in the Amiga Hardware Manual */

/* write-only hardware registers must be loaded separately.

* <regl > = <reg2> = <data> may not work with some compilers */
leftRegs- >ac_ptr = (UWORD *)squareWaveData;

rightRegs->ac_ptr = (UWORD +*)squareWaveData:;

leftRegs- >ac_len = WAVELENGTH / 2;

rightRegs- >ac_len = WAVELENGTH / 2;

/* a slightly different frequency is used in each channel to make the
* sound a bit more interesting */

leftRegs->ac_per = CLOCK / LEFTFREQ / WAVELENGTH;
rightRegs->ac_per = CLOCK / RIGHTFREQ / WAVELENGTH;

leftRegs- >ac_vol = MAXVOLUME:;:
rightRegs- >ac_vol = MAXVOLUME;
dmacon = DMAF_SETCLR | channels << DMAB_AUDO;

/* play sound until the user press CTRL-C or lock is replied*/

puts(” Press CTRL-C to stop”);
putchar(0);
while(Wait(SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C | 1 << port->mp_SigBit) != SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C)

/* each time the port signals, check if lock is replied
+ (a signal is not guaranteed to be valid) */

if (CheckIO(lockIOB)) {
puts(” Channel stolen”);
break;

}

/* free any allocated audio channels. In this instance explicitly
* performing the ADCMD_FREE command is unnecessary. CloseDevice’ing
* with allocIOB performs it and frees the channels automatically */

allocIOB- > ioa_Request.io_Command = ADCMD_FREE;
DoIO(allocIOB);

/* free up resources and exit */
cleanUp(””);

Audio Device 239

/* print an error message and free allocated resources */

cleanU p( message)
TEXT *message;
{
puts( message);
if (squareWaveData != 0)
FreeMem(squareWaveData, WAVELENGTH);
if (port != 0)
DeletePort(port);
if (device != 0)
CloseDevice(allocIOB);
if (lockIOB != 0)
FreeMem(lockIOB, sizeof(struct IOAudio));
if (allocIOB != 0)
FreeMem(allocIOB, sizeof(struct IOAudio));
exit();

DOUBLE-BUFFERED SOUND SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE

This program demonstrates double-buffered writing to an audio channel using the hardware
control commands. This technique can be used to synthesize sound in ‘‘real-time.’’ This pro-

gram uses the mouse as a simple input device; to keep the example simple, the program directly
reads the mouse register.

Real-time synthesis code should always be written in the fastest assembly language possible
(unlike this example) and should try to precompute as much data as possible. In this example,
a sine wave look-up table is precomputed. Then, while the sound is being played, the table is
scanned at a rate dependent on a variable (frequency) and the scanned values are copied into
temporary buffers. This frequency variable is modified by mouse movement, effectively making
the mouse a pitch control. In a ‘“‘real” program, because pitch is the only parameter being con-
trolled, it would be much more efficient to modify the “period’’ and play one fixed sine-wave
waveform buffer (or one waveform for each octave).

Two temporary buffers are used. One must be computed and sent to the audio device before
the other one has finished playing. Otherwise, the audio device turns off the sound, making a

pop. This program runs in software interrupts to make sure that it gets adequate processor
time to avoid this problem.

240 Audio Device

SERBS OSE IIIA TCO IACOCCA AAA CK
*

* Double-Buffered Sound Synthesis Example

Bd

* Sam Dicker

* 3 December 1985 (created: 8 October 1985)

>

FO SOO GO dojo jaa io ror rok kak kak ka kok kkk dak kok kaa /

/* If you are using the Amiga C compiler, turn off stack-checking
* in phase 2, e.g., ‘“‘Ic2 -v filename.q.”

+)

#include ”exec/types.h”

#include ”exec/memory.h”

#include ”exec/interrupts.h”

#-include ”exec/errors.h”

#include ”hardware/custom.h”

#include ” libraries/dos.h”

#include ” devices /audio.h”

#define BUFFERSIZE 250

#define SINETABLEPOWER2 — 10

#define SINETABLESIZE (1 << SINETABLEPOWER2)
#define SINETABLESTEP (2 * 3.141593 / SINETABLESIZE)

/* mouse register addresses * /
#define XMOUSEREG (*((BYTE *)&joyOdat + 1))
#define YMOUSEREG (-(+(BYTE *)&joyOdat))

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct Library *OpenLibrary();
extern struct Task *FindTask();
extern UWORD joyOdat;

/* channel allocation map */
UBYTE allocationMap| | = { 1, 8, 2, 4 };

struct Library *MathBase = 0; /* used by cleanUp to determine
* what needs to be ’cleaned up’ */

struct MsgPort *allocPort = 0;

struct IOAudio *alloclOB = 0;

struct Device *device = 0;

struct Interrupt *interrupt = 0;

struct MsgPort *soundPort = 0;

BYTE *buffer|2} = { 0 };

Audio Device 241

struct IOAudio *soundIOB/2] = { 0 };

int newBuffer();

UBYTE sineTable[SINETABLESIZE];
ULONG angle = 0;

ULONG frequency = 0x2000000;
BYTE last YMouse;

main()

{
int 1;
FLOAT sine = 0.0;
FLOAT cosine = 1.0;

/* open the math library */

if ((MathBase = OpenLibrary(” mathffp.library”, 0)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Cannot open math library”);

/* generate the sine lookup table */
for (1 = 0;1 < SINETABLESIZE; ++i) {

/* generate table values between -128 and 127 */
sineTable[i] = 127 * sine + 0.5;

/* compute the next point in the table. The table could have been

* computed by calling the ’sin’ function for each point, but this

* method is a little faster where great accuracy is not required */

sine += SINETABLESTEP * (cosine -= SINETABLESTEP * sine);
}

/* read the starting mouse count */
last YMouse = YMOUSEREG;

/* initialize I/O block to allocate a channel when the audio device is OpenDevice’d */

if ((allocPort = CreatePort(”sound example”, 0)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Cannot create reply port”);
if ((allocIOB = (struct IOAudio *)AllocMem(sizeof(struct IOAudio),
MEMF_PUBLIC | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Out of memory”);

/* allocation precedence */
alloclOB- > ioa_Request.io_Message.mn_Node.]n_Pri = -40;

)

242 Audio Device

alloclOB- >10a_Request.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort = allocPort;

/* allocate from any channel */
allocIOB- >i0a_Data = allocationMap;
alloclOB->ioa_Length = sizeof(allocationMap);

/* open the audio device with channel allocation and check for errors */

switch (OpenDevice(AUDIONAME, 0, allocIOB, 0)) {
case IOERR_OPENFAIL:

cleanUp(” Cannot open audio device”);
case ADIOERR_ALLOCFAILED:

cleanUp(” Cannot allocate audio channel”);
device = alloclOB- >1i0a_Request.io_Device;
/* initialize the software interrupt structure */

if (interrupt = (struct Interrupt *)AllocMem(sizeof(struct Interrupt),
MEMF_CLEAR | MEMF_PUBLIC)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Out of memory”);
interrupt->is_Code = (VOID (+*)())newBuffer;

/* initialize the reply port for CMD_WRITE’s to generate software interrupts */

if ((soundPort = (struct MsgPort *)AllocMem(sizeof(struct MsgPort),
MEMF_CLEAR | MEMF_PUBLIC)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Out of memory”);
soundPort->mp_Flags = PA_SOFTINT;
soundPort->mp_SigTask = (struct Task *)interrupt;
soundPort->mp_Node.In_Type = NT_MSGPORT;
NewList(&soundPort->mp_MsgList);

/* initialize both I/O blocks for the CMD_WRITES */
for (i = 0;1 < 2; ++) {
/* allocate waveform memory from chip addressable ram. AllocMem
* always allocates memory on a word boundary which is necessary
* for audio waveform data */
if ((buffer[i] = (BYTE *)AllocMem(BUFFERSIZE, MEMF_CHIP))
cleanUp(” Out of memory”);

if ((soundIOB|i] = (struct IOAudio *)AllocMem(sizeof(struct IOAudio),

Audio Device 243

}

}

MEMF_PUBLIC | MEMF_CLEAR)) == 0)
cleanUp(” Out of memory”);
soundIOB(il- > ioa_Request.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort = soundPort;
soundIOB|i|- >ioa_Request.io_Device = device;
soundIOB\|i]- >ioa_Request.io_Unit = alloclOB- > ioa_Request.io_Unit;
soundIOB|i]- >ioa_Request.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;

/* load the volume and period registers */
soundIOB|i]- >ioa_Request.io_Flags = ADIOF_PERVOL;

soundIOB(i|- >ioa_AllocKey = allocIOB->ioa_AllocKey;
soundIOB(|i|->ioa_Data = buffer|i];
soundIOB|i|->ioa_Length = BUFFERSIZE;

/* some arbitrary period and volume */

soundIOB\|i|- >ioa_Period = 200;
soundIOB|i|- >ioa_Volume = 64;

/* play one cycle of each buffer, then reply */
soundIOB|i]- >ioa_Cycles = 1;

/* this really ” primes the pump” by causing the reply port
* to generate a software interrupt and write the first buffers */
Reply Msg(soundIOBIi});

/* wait for CTRL-C to stop the program */

puts(” Press CTRL-C to stop”);
putchar(0);
Wait(SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C);

/* free up resources and exit */
cleanUp(””);

/* print an error message and free allocated resources */

cleanUp(message)
TEXT *message;

{

int 1;

puts( message);

244 Audio Device

}

if (device != 0)

/* CloseDevice’ing with ’allocIOB’ preforms an ADCMD_FREE on any

* channel allocated with ’alloclOB’s ioa_AllocKey. ADCMD_FREE

* performs a CMD_RESET, which performs a CMD_FLUSH, which AbortIO’s
* any CMD_WRITES to those channels */

CloseDevice(allocIOB);

for (1 = 0;1 < 2; ++i) {
if (soundIOB|i})
FreeMem(soundIOB|il, sizeof(struct IOAudio));
if (buffer|i])
FreeMem(buffer|i]|, BUFFERSIZE);
}

if (soundPort)

FreeMem(soundPort, sizeof(struct MsgPort));
if (interrupt)

FreeMem(interrupt, sizeof(struct Interrupt));
if (allocIOB)

FreeMem(allocIOB, sizeof(struct IOAudio));
if (allocPort)

DeletePort(allocPort, sizeof(struct MsgPort));
if (MathBase)

CloseLibrary(MathBase);
exit();

/* software interrupt server code */

newBuffer()

{

int 1;

struct IOAudio *i0a:;

BYTE *buffer;

BYTE mouseChange, cur Y Mouse;
ULONG newF reg;

/* get I/O block from reply port */
ioa = (struct [OAudio *)GetMsg(soundPort);

/* check if there really was an I/O block on the port and if there are no

* errors. An error would indicate either the channel was aborted from

+ being stolen IOERR_ABORTED), it was stolen before the write was

* performed and had the wrong allocation key (ADIOF_NOALLOCATION), or it
* was aborted by being CloseDevice’d. In any case, if there is an error do

Audio Device 245

* not send the next write. The program will just wait around silently */
if (ioa && ioa- >ioa_Request.io_Error == 0) {
/* determine how far the mouse has moved */

curYMouse = YMOUSEREG;
mouseChange = curY Mouse - last YMouse;
last YMouse = curY Mouse;

/* modify the frequency proportionally */
newF req = frequency + mouseChange * (frequency >> 6);

/* limit the frequency range */

if (newFreq > 0x800000 && newFreq < 0x40000000)
frequency — newF req;

/* scan the table and copy each new sample into the audio waveform buffer */
for (i = 0, buffer = ioa->ioa_Data; 1 < BUFFERSIZE; +++)
+buffer++ = sineTable|(angle += frequency) >>
(32 - SINETABLEPOWER2)|:

/* send the write I/O block */
BeginIO(ioa);

246 Audio Device

Chapter 6

Timer Device

Introduction

The Amiga timer device provides a general time-delay capability. It can signal you when at
least a certain amount of time has passed. Because the Amiga is a multitasking system, the
timer device cannot guarantee that exactly the specified amount of time has elapsed.

To use a timer device you open up a channel of communication to the device and send the dev-
ice a message saying how much time should elapse. At the end of that time, the device returns
a message to you stating that the time has elapsed.

Timer Device 247

Timer Device Units

There are two units in the timer device. One uses the vertical blank interrupt for its ‘‘tick” and
is called UNIT_VBLANK. The other uses a programmable timer in the 8520 CIA chip and is
called UNIT_MICROHZ. These are the names you use when calling OpenDevice(). The
examples at the end of the chapter demonstrate how you call OpenDevice().

The VBLANK timer unit is very stable and has a precision comparable to the vertical blanking
time, that is, +/- 16.67 milliseconds. When you make a timing request, such as “signal me in 21
seconds,” the reply will come in 21 +/- .017 seconds. This timer has very low overhead and
should be used for all long duration requests.

The MICROHZ timer unit uses the built-in precision hardware timers to create the timing inter-
val you request. It accepts the same type of command—‘“‘signal me in so many seconds and
microseconds.” The microhertz timer has the advantage of greater resolution than the vertical
blank timer, but it has less accuracy over comparable periods of time. The microhertz timer

also has much more system overhead. It is primarily useful for short burst timing for which
critical accuracy is not required.

Specifying the Time Request

Both timer units have identical external interfaces. Time is specified via a timeval structure.

struct timeval {
ULONG tv_secs;
ULONG tv_micro;

bs

The time specified is measured from the time the request is posted. For example, you must post
a timer request for 30 minutes, rather than for a specific time such as 10:30 p.m. The micro
field is the number of microseconds in the request. Logically, seconds and microseconds are con-

catenated by the driver. The number of microseconds must be ‘‘normalized;” it should be a
value less than one million.

The primary means of specifying a requested time is via a timeRequest structure. A time
request consists of an [ORequest structure followed by a timeval structure, as shown below.

248 Timer Device

struct timeRequest {
struct [ORequest tr_node;
struct timeval tr_time;

3

Note that the timer driver does not use a “‘standard extension” TORequest block. It only uses
the base [ORequest structure. When the specified amount of time has elapsed, the driver will
send the IORequest back via ReplyMsg() (the same as all other drivers). This means that
you must fill in the ReplyPort pointer of the IJORequest structure if you wish to be signaled.

When you submit a timer request, the driver destroys the values you have provided in the
timeval structure. This means that you must reinitialize the time specification before reposting

the [ORequest.

Multiple requests may be posted to the timer driver. For example, you can make three time
requests in a row to the timer, specifying:

Signal me in 20 seconds (request 1)
Signal me in 30 seconds (request 2)
Signal me in 10 seconds (request 3)

As the timer queues these requests, it changes the time values and sorts the timer requests to
service each request at the requested interval, resulting effectively in the following order:

(request 3) in now+10 seconds
(request 1) 10 seconds after request 3 is satisfied
(request 2) 10 seconds after request 1 is satisfied

A sample timer program is given at the end of this chapter.

Opening a Timer Device

To gain access to a timer unit, you must first open that unit. This is done by using the system
command OpenDevice(). A typical C-language call is shown below:

struct timereg timer_request_block
error = OpenDevice(TIMERNAME, unit_number,timer_request_block,0);

Timer Device 249

The parameters shown above are as follows:

TIMERNAME
This is a define for the null-terminated string, currently ‘“‘timer.device.”’

unit_number

This indicates which timer unit you wish to use, either UNIT_VBLANK or
UNIT_MICROHZ as defined in ‘‘Timer Device Units” above.

timer_request_block
This is the address of an I[ORequest data structure that will be used later to communi-

cate with the device. The OpenDevice() command will fill in the unit and device
fields of this data structure.

Adding a Time Request

You add a timer request to the device by passing a correctly initialized I/O request to the timer.
The code fragment below demonstrates a sample request:

set_timer(seconds,microseconds)
ULONG seconds, microseconds;

{
timermsg- >io_Command = TR_ADDREQUEST;
timermsg- >tr_time.tv_secs = seconds;
timermsg- >tr_time.tv_micro = microseconds;
DolIO(timermsg);

}

Note: Using DoIO() here puts your task to sleep until the time request has been satisfied (see
the sample program at the end of the chapter).

If you wish to send out multiple time requests, you have to create multiple request blocks (refer-
enced here as “‘timermsgs’’) and then use SendIO() to transmit each to the timer.

Closing a Timer

After you have finished using a timer device, you should close it:

250 Timer Device

CloseDevice(timermsg);
Additional Timer Functions and Commands

There are two additional timer commands (accessed as standard device commands, using an

IORequest block as shown above) and three additional functions (accessed as though they were
library functions).

The additional timer commands are as follows:
o TR_GETSYSTIME — get the system time
o TR_SETSYSTIME — set the system time
The additional timer library-like functions are:
o SubTime( Dest, Source ) — subtract one time request from another
o AddTime( Dest, Source ) — add one time request to another

o result = CmpTime( Dest, Source) — compare the time in two time requests

SYSTEM TIME

The “system timer’’ is unrelated to the system time as it appears in the DateStamp command

of AmigaDOS. It is provided simply for the convenience of the developer and is utilized by
Intuition.

The command TR_SETSYSTIME sets the system’s idea of what time it is. The system starts
out at time “‘zero’’ so it is safe to set it forward to the “real’’ time. However, care should be

taken when setting the time backwards. System time is specified as being monotonically
increasing.

The time is incremented by a special power supply signal that occurs at the external line fre-
quency. This signal is very stable over time, but it can vary by several percent over short
periods of time. System time is stable to within a few seconds a day. In addition, system time
is changed every time someone asks what time it is using TR_GETSYSTIME. This way the re-

turn value of the system time is unique and unrepeating. This allows system time to be used as
a unique identifier.

Timer Device 251

Note: The timer device sets system time to zero at boot time. AmigaDOS will set the system
time when it reads in the boot disk, if it has not already been set by someone else (more exactly,
if the time is less than 86,400 seconds [one day]|). AmigaDOS sets the time to the last
modification time of the boot disk. The time device does not interpret system time to any phy-
sical value. AmigaDOS treats system time relative to midnight, 1 January 1978.

Here is a program that can be used to inquire the system time. Instead of using the Exec sup-
port function CreateStdIO() for the request block, the block is initialized “correctly” for use

as a timeval request block. The command is executed by the timer device and, on return, the
caller can find the data in his request block.

/* getsystime.c - get system time */

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ”exec/lists.h”
#include ”exec/nodes.h”
#include ”exec/ports.h”
#include ”exec/io.h”
#include ”exec/devices.h”
#include ” devices/timer.h”

#:define msgblock tr.tr_node.io_Message
struct timerequest tr;

main()

int error;

error = OpenDevice(TIMERNAME,UNIT_MICROHZ,&tr,0);
msgblock.mn_Node.In_Type = NT_MESSAGE;
msgblock.mn_Node.In_Pri = 0;

msgblock.mn_Node.In_Name = NULL;
msgblock.mn_ReplyPort = NULL;

tr.tr_node.io_Command = TR_GETSYSTIME;
DolO(&tr);

printf(”\nSystem Time is:\n”);

printf (”’Seconds Microseconds\n” );

printf (”"%10ld %10ld\n” ,tr.tr_time.tv_secs, tr.tr_time.tv_micro);
CloseDevice(&tr);

} /* end of main */

252 Timer Device

USING THE TIME ARITHMETIC ROUTINES

As indicated above, the time arithmetic routines are accessed in the timer device structure as
though it were a routine library. To use them, you create an [ORequest block and open the
timer. In the T[ORequest block is a pointer to the device’s base address. This address is need-
ed to access each routine as an offset—for example, LWVOAddTime, _LVOSubTime,

_LVOCmpTime—from that base address. (See the “(Device Summaries” appendix for these
commands.)

There are C-language interface routines in amiga.lib that perform this interface task for you.
They are accessed through a variable called TimerBase. You prepare this variable by the fol-
lowing method (this is only a partial example):

struct timeval timel, time2, time3;

SHORT result;

struct Device *TimerBase; /* declare the interface variable */
TimerBase = timermsg- > Device;

/* now that TimerBase is initialized, it is permissible to call
* the time-comparison or time-arithmetic routines * /

timel.tv_secs = 3; timel.tv_micro — 0; /* 3.0 seconds */
time2.tv_secs = 2; time2.tv_micro =— 500000; /* 2.5 seconds */
time3.tv_secs = 1; time2.tv_micro = 900000; /* 1.9 seconds */

/* result of this example is +1 ... first parameter has
* greater time value than second parameter
+]

result = CmpTime( &timel, &time2 );

/* add to timel the values in time2 */

AddTime( &timel, &time2);

/* subtract values in time3 from the value currently in timel.
* Results in timel. */

SubTime( &timel1, &time3);

Timer Device 253

WHY USE TIME ARITHMETIC?

As mentioned earlier in this section, because of the multitasking capability of the Amiga, the ti-
mer device can provide timings that are at least as long as the specified amount of time. If you
need more precision than this, using the system timer along with the time arithmetic routines

can at least, in the long run, let you synchronize your software with this precision timer after a
selected period of time.

Say, for example, that you select timer intervals so that you get 161 signals within each 3-
minute span. Therefore, the timeval you would have selected would be 180/161, which comes
out to 1 second and 118,012 microseconds per interval. Considering the time it takes to set up
a call to set_timer and delays due to task-switching (especially if the system is very busy) it is
possible that after 161 timing intervals, you may be somewhat beyond the 3-minute time. Here
is a method you can use to keep in sync with system time:

1. Begin.

2. Read system time; save it.

3. Perform your loop however many times in your selected interval.

4. Read system time again, and compare it to the old value you saved. (For this example,
it will be more or less than 3 minutes as a total time elapsed.)

5. Calculate a new value for the time interval (timeval); that is, one that (if precise)

would put you exactly in sync with system time the next time around. Timeval will

be a lower value if the loops took too long, and a higher value if the loops didn’t take
long enough.

6. Repeat the cycle.

Over the long run, then, your average number of operations within a specified period of time
can become precisely what you have designed.

Sample Timer Program

Here is an example program showing how to use a timer device.

254 Timer Device

/* Simple Timer Example Program:

*

* Includes dynamic allocation of data structures needed to communicate
* with the timer device as well as the actual device I/O

+

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ” exec/nodes.h”
#include ” exec/lists.h”
#include ”exec/memory.h”
#include ”exec/interrupts.h”
#include ”exec/ports.h”
#include ”exec/libraries.h”
#include ”exec/tasks.h”
#include ”exec/io.h”
#include ”exec/devices.h”
#include ” devices /timer.h”

APTR TimerBase; /* to get at the time comparison functions */

/* manifest constants -- ”never will change” */
#-define SECSPERMIN (60)

#define SECSPERHOUR (60*60)
#define SECSPERDAY (60*60*24)

extern struct timerequest *CreateTimer();

main()

{

/* save what system thinks is the time.... we’ll advance it temporarily */
LONG seconds;

struct timerequest *tr;

struct timeval oldtimeval;

struct timeval mytimeval;

struct timeval currentval;

printf(” Oimer testO);

/* sleep for two seconds */
currentval.tv_secs = 2;

currentval.tv_micro = 0;

TimeDelay( &currentval, UNIT_VBLANK );
printf( ” After 2 seconds delay0O );

Timer Device 255

/* sleep for four seconds */
currentval.tv_secs = 4;

currentval.tv_micro = Q;

TimeDelay( &currentval, UNIT_VBLANK );
printf( ” After 4 seconds delay0 );

/* sleep for 500,000 micro-seconds = 1/2 second */
currentval.tv_secs = 0;

currentval.tv_micro = 500000;

TimeDelay( &currentval, UNIT_MICROHZ );
printf( ” After 1/2 second delay0 );

printf(”0 );

(void) Execute( ”date”, 0, 0 );

printf( ”0 );

GetSysTime( &oldtimeval );

printf( ”Current system time is %ld current seconds0,
oldtimeval.tv_secs );

printf(” Setting a new system time0);

seconds = 1000 * SECSPERDAY + oldtimeval.tv_secs;

SetNewTime( seconds );
/* (if user executes the AmigaDOS DATE command now, he will
* see that the time has advanced something over 1000 days */

printf( ”0 );
(void) Execute( ”date”, 0, 0 );

printf(”0 );

/* added the microseconds part to show that time keeps

* increasing even though you ask many times in a row */

GetSysTime( &mytimeval );

printf( ” Original system time is %1d.%061d0,
mytimeval.tv_secs, mytimeval.tv_micro );

GetSysTime( &mytimeval );

printf( ”First system time is %ld.%061d0,
mytimeval.tv_secs, mytimeval.tv_micro );

256 Timer Device

}

GetSysTime( &mytimeval );
printf( ”Second system time is %1ld.%061d0,
mytimeval.tv_secs, mytimeval.tv_micro );

printf( ”Resetting to former time );
SetNewTime( oldtimeval.tv_secs });

GetSysTime( &mytimeval );
printf( ”Current system time is %1d.%061d0,
mytimeval.tv_secs, mytimeval.tv_micro );

/* just shows how to set up for using the timer functions, does not

* demonstrate * the functions themselves. (TimerBase must have a

+ legal value before AddTime, SubTime or CmpTime are performed. */
tr = CreateTimer( UNIT_MICROHZ );

TimerBase = (APTR)tr->tr_node.io_Device;

/* and how to clean up afterwards */
TimerBase = (APTR)(-1);
DeleteTimer( tr );

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct [ORequest *CreateExtIO();

struct timerequest *
CreateTimer( unit )
ULONG unit;

{

/* return a pointer to a time request. If any problem, return NULL */
int error;

struct MsgPort *timerport;
struct timerequest *timermsg;

timerport = CreatePort( 0, 0 );
if( timerport =— NULL )

return( NULL );
j

timermsg = (struct timerequest *)
CreateExtIO( timerport, sizeof( struct timerequest ) );

Timer Device 257

if( timermsg == NULL ) {
return( NULL );
}

error = OpenDevice( TIMERNAME, unit, timermsg, 0 );
if( error != 0 )

DeleteTimer( timermsg );
return( NULL );

}

return( timermsg );

}

/* more precise timer than AmigaDOS Delay() */
TimeDelay( tv, unit )

struct timeval *tv;

int unit;

{

struct timerequest *tr;

/* get a pointer to an initialized timer request block */
tr = CreateTimer( unit );

/* any nonzero return says timedelay routine didn’t work. */

if( tr === NULL ) return( -1 );
WaitForTimer( tr, tv );

/* deallocate temporary structures */
DeleteTimer( tr );
return( 0 );

int
WaitForTimer( tr, tv )
struct timerequest *tr;
struct timeval *tv;
{
tr- >tr_node.io_Command = TR_ADDREQUEST; /* add a new timer request */

/* structure assignment */
tr- >tr_time = *tv;

/* post request to the timer -- will go to sleep till done */

258 Timer Device

}

int

DolO( tr );

SetNewTime( secs )
LONG secs; /* seconds since 1 Jan 78 */

{

struct timerequest *tr;
tr = CreateTimer( UNIT_MICROHZ );

/* non zero return says error */
if( tr == 0 ) return( -1 );

tr- >tr_node.io_Command = TR_SETSYSTIME;
tr- >tr_time.tv_secs = secs;
tr- >tr_time.tv_micro = 0;

DolO( tr );
DeleteTimer(tr);
return(0);

}

int

GetSysTime(tv)

struct timeval *tv;

{

struct timerequest *tr;,
tr = CreateTimer( UNIT_MICROHZ );

/* non zero return says error */
if( tr == 0 ) return( -1 );

tr- >tr_node.io_Command = TR_GETSYSTIME;
DolO( tr );

/* structure assignment */
*tv — tr->tr_time;

DeleteTimer( tr );
return( 0 );

Timer Device 259

int
DeleteTimer( tr )
struct timerequest *tr;

{

struct MsgPort *tp;

if( tr != 0 )
tp = tr->tr_node.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort;
if(tp !== 0) {
DeletePort(tp);

}

CloseDevice( tr );
DeleteExtIO( tr, sizeof(struct timerequest) );

260 Timer Device

Chapter 7

Trackdisk Device

Introduction

The Amiga trackdisk device directly drives the disk, controls the disk motors, reads raw data
from the tracks, and writes raw data to the tracks. Normally, you use the AmigaDOS functions
to write or read data from the disk. The trackdisk driver is the lowest-level software access to
the disk data and is used by AmigaDOS to get its job done. The trackdisk device supports the
usual commands such as CMD_WRITE and CMD_READ. In addition, it supports an extended

form of these commands to allow additional control over the disk driver.

Trackdisk Device 261

The trackdisk device can queue up command sequences so that your task can do something else
while it is waiting for a particular disk activity to occur. If several sequenced write commands
are queued to a disk, a task assumes that all such writes are going to the same disk. The track-
disk driver itself can stop a command sequence if it senses that the disk has been changed,
returning all subsequent [ORequest blocks to the caller with an error (‘“‘disk changed”’).

When the trackdisk device is requested to provide status information for commands such as
TD REMOVE or TD_CHANGENUM, the value is returned in the io_Actual field of the
TORequest.

The Amiga Floppy Disk

The Amiga floppy disk consists of NUMHEADS (2) heads, NUMCYLS (80) cylinders, and
NUMSECS (11) sectors per cylinder. Each sector has TD_SECTOR (512) usable data bytes
plus TD_LABELSIZE (16) of sector label area. This gives useful space of 880K bytes plus 28K
bytes of label area per floppy disk.

Although the disk is logically divided up into sectors, all I/O to the disk is implemented as an
entire track. This allows access to the drive with no interleaving and increases the useful
storage capacity by about 20 percent. Normally, a read of a sector will only have to copy the
data from the track buffer. If the track buffer contains another track’s data, then the buffer
will first be written back to the disk (if it is “dirty’’) and the new track will be read in. All

track boundaries are transparent to the user. The driver ensures that the correct track is
brought into memory.

The performance of the disk is greatly enhanced if you make effective use of the track buffer.

The performance of sequential reads will be up to an order of magnitude greater than reads
scattered across the disk.

The disk driver uses the blitter to encode and decode the data to and from the track buffer.
Because the blitter can access only chip memory (memory that is accessible to the special-
purpose chips and within the lowest 512K bytes of the system, known as MEMF_CHIP to the
memory allocator AllocMem()), all buffers submitted to the disk must be in chip memory. In

addition, only full-sector writes on sector boundaries are supported. Note also that the user’s
buffer must be word-aligned.

The disk driver is based upon a standard driver structure. It has the following restrictions:

o All reads and writes must use an io_Length that is an integer multiple of

TD_SECTOR bytes (the sector size in bytes).

962 Trackdisk Device

o The offset field must be an integer multiple of TD_SECTOR.
o The data pointer must be word-aligned.

o The data pointer must be in MEMF_CHIP memory. This is because the disk driver
uses the blitter to fill the data buffer.

o Only the 3 1/2-inch disk format is supported by the trackdisk driver. The 5 1/4-inch
format is supported by the IBM PC emulation software.

Trackdisk Driver Commands

The trackdisk driver allows the following system interface functions and commands. In addition
to the usual device commands, the trackdisk driver has a set of extended commands.

The system interface functions are

OpenDevice() Obtain exclusive use of a particular disk unit
CloseDevice() Release the unit to another task

Expunge() Remove the device from the device list
BeginIO() Dispatch a device command; queue commands
AbortIO() Abort a device command

The device-specific commands are

CMD_READ Read one or more sectors

CMD_WRITE Write one or more sectors

CMD_UPDATE Write out a track buffer

CMD_CLEAR Mark a track buffer as invalid

TD_MOTOR Turn the motor on or off

TD_SEEK Move the head to a specific track

TD_FORMAT Initialize one or more tracks

TD_REMOVE Establish a software interrupt procedure for disk removal

TD_CHANGENUM Discover the current disk-change number
TD_CHANGESTATE _ See if there is a disk present in a drive
TD_PROTSTATUS See if a disk is write-protected

In addition to the device-specific commands listed above, the trackdisk driver has a number of
extended commands. These commands are similar to their normal counterparts but have addi-
tional features: they allow you to control whether a command will be executed if the disk has
been changed, and they allow you to read or write to the sector label portion of a sector.

Trackdisk Device 263

Extended commands take a slightly larger I/O request block, which contains information that is
needed only by the extended command and that is ignored by the standard form of that com-
mand. The extra information takes the form of two extra longwords at the end of the data
structure. These commands are performed only if the change count is less than or equal to the
one in the iotd_Count field of the command’s I/O request block. The extended commands are
listed below:

ETD_READ Read one or more sectors
ETD_WRITE Write one or more sectors
ETD_MOTOR Turn the motor on or off
ETD_UPDATE Write out a track buffer

ETD _CLEAR Mark a track buffer as invalid
ETD_SEEK Move the head to a specific track

Creating an I/O Request

The trackdisk device, like other devices, requires that you create an I/O request message that

you pass to the device for processing. The message contains the command and several other
items of control information.

Here is a program fragment that can be used to create the message block that you use for track-
disk communications. In the fragment, the routine CreateStdIO() is called to return a pointer
to a message block. This is acceptable for the standard form of the commands. If you wish to
use the extended form of the command, you will need an extended form of the request block. In
place of CreateStdIO(), you can use the routine CreateExtIO(), a listing of which appears in
the appendixes of the Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Ezec.

struct [OStdReq *diskreq; /* I/O request block pointer
* for non-extended commands */
struct IOExtTD *diskextreq; /* I/O request block pointer
* for extended commands */
struct Port *diskreqPort; /* a port at which to receive replies * /

diskreqPort = CreatePort(” diskreq.port” ,O);

if(diskreqPort === 0) exit(100); /* error in CreatePort() */

diskreq = CreateStdIO(diskreqPort);

if(diskreq == 0) { DeletePort(diskreqPort); exit(200); } /* error in CreateStdIO()
diskextreq = CreateExtIO(diskreqPort,sizeof(struct IOExtTD));

if(diskextreq == 0) { DeletePort(diskreqPort); exit(300) };

264 Trackdisk Device

The routine CreatePort() is part of amiga.léb. It returns a pointer to a Port structure that
can be used to receive replies from the trackdisk driver.

The routine CreateStdIO() is also in amiga.lib. It returns a pointer to an IOStdReq block
that becomes the message you pass to the trackdisk driver to tell it the command to perform.

The data structure IOExtTD takes the form:

struct IOExtTD {
struct [OStdReq iotd_Req;
ULONG iotd_Count;
ULONG §iotd_SecLabel;

ie
where

IOStdReq

is a standard [ORequest block that contains fields used to transmit the standard com-
mands (explained below).

iotd Count

helps keep old I/O requests from being performed when the diskette has been changed.
All extended commands treat as an error any case where the disk change counter is
greater than iotd_Count. Any I/O request found with an iotd_Count less than the
current change counter value will be returned with a characteristic error
(TDERR_DiskChange) in the io_Error field of the I/O request block. This allows stale
I/O requests to be returned to the user after a disk has been changed. The current
disk-change counter value can be obtained by TD_CHANGENUM.

If the user wants extended disk I/O but does not care about disk removal, then
iotd_Count may be set to the maximum unsigned long integer value (OxFFFFFFFF).

iotd_SecLabel

allows access to the sector identification section of the sector header.

Each sector has 16 bytes of descriptive data space available to it; the disk driver does
not interpret this data. If iotd_SecLabel is null, then this descriptive data is ignored.
If it is not null, then iotd_SecLabel should point to a series of 16-byte chunks (one for
each sector that is to be read or written). These chunks will be written out to the
sector’s label region on a write or filled with the sector’s label area on a read. If a
CMD_WRITE (the standard write call) is done, then the sector label area is left

unchanged.

Trackdisk Device 265

Opening a Trackdisk Device

To gain access to a disk unit, you must first open the unit by using the system command
OpenDevice(). A typical C-language call is shown below:

error = OpenDevice(TD_NAME,unit_number,disk_request_block,flags);
where:

TD_NAME

is a define for the null-terminated string, currently ‘“‘trackdisk.device.”’

unit_number
is the disk unit you wish to use (defined below).

disk_request_block
is the address of an IORequest data structure that will later be used to communicate
with the device. The OpenDevice() command will fill in the unit and device fields of
this data structure.

flags
tell how the I/O is to be accomplished. For an OpenDevice() command, this field is
normally set to zero.

The unit_number can be any value from 0 to 3. Unit 0 is the built-in 3 1/2-inch disk. Units
1 through 3 represent additional 3 1/2-inch disks that may be daisy-chained from the external
disk unit connector on the back of the Amiga. The first unit (plugged directly into the Amiga)
is unit 1. The second unit (plugged into unit 1), is designated as unit 2. The end-unit, farthest
electrically from the Amiga, is unit 3.

The following are some common errors that may be returned from an OpenDevice() call.

Device in use
Some other task has already been granted exclusive use of this device.

Bad untt number
Either you have specified a unit number outside the range of 0-3 or you do not have a
unit connected in the specified position.

Bad device type

You may be trying to use a 5 1/4-inch drive with the trackdisk driver. This is not
supported.

266 Trackdisk Device

Sending a Command to the Device

You send a command to this device by initializing the appropriate fields of your IOStdReq or
IOExtTD and then using SendIO(), DoIO(), or BeginIO() to transmit the command to the

device. Here is an example:

MotorOn()

{
diskreq->io_Length = 1; /* 1 says turn it on */
diskreq- >io_Command = TD_MOTOR;
DolO(diskreq); /* task sleep till command done */
return(0);

Terminating Access to the Device

As with all exclusive-access devices, you must close the trackdisk device when you have finished

using it. Otherwise, the system will be unable to allocate the device to any other task until the
system is rebooted.

Device-specific Commands

The device-specific commands that are supported are explained below.

ETD_READ AND CMD_READ

ETD_READ obeys all of the trackdisk driver restrictions noted above. ETD_READ transfers
data from the track buffer to the user’s buffer, if and only if the disk has not been changed. If
the desired sector is already in the track buffer, no disk activity is initiated. If the desired sec-
tor is not in the buffer, the track containing that sector is automatically read in. If the data in
the current track buffer has been modified, it is written out to the disk before the new track is
read. CMD_READ does not check if the disk has been changed before executing this command.

TRACKDISK NAME
TRACK DISK REQUEST (NO)

Trackdisk Device 267

ETD_WRITE AND CMD_WRITE

ETD_WRITE obeys all of the trackdisk driver restrictions noted above. E’‘TD_WRITE transfers
data from the user’s buffer to track buffer if and only if the disk has not been changed. If the
track that contains this sector is already in the track buffer, no disk activity is initiated. If the
desired sector is not in the buffer, the track containing that sector is automatically read in. If
the data in the current track buffer has been modified, it is written out to the disk before the
new track is read in for modification. CMD_WRITE does not check for disk change before per-
forming the command.

ETD_UPDATE AND CMD_UPDATE

The Amiga trackdisk driver does not write data sectors unless it is necessary (you request that a
different track be used) or until the user requests that an update be performed. This improves
system speed by caching disk operations. The update commands ensure that any buffered data
is flushed out to the disk. If the track buffer has not been changed since the track was read in,
the update commands do nothing. In addition, ETD_UPDATE can make sure that the disk
was not changed before it writes the buffer. This prevents writing the buffered data onto a
different diskette.

ETD_CLEAR AND CMD_CLEAR

ETD_CLEAR marks the track buffer as invalid, forcing a reread of the disk on the next opera-
tion. ETD UPDATE or CMD_UPDATE would be used to force data out to the disk before
turning the motor off. ETD CLEAR or CMD_CLEAR is usually used after the disk has been
removed, to prevent caching of data to the new diskette. ETD_CLEAR or CMD_CLEAR will

not do an update, nor will an update command do a clear. CMD_CLEAR does not check for
disk change.

ETD_MOTOR AND TD_MOTOR

TD_MOTOR is called with a standard IORequest block. The io Length field contains the
requested state of the motor. A 1 will turn the motor on; a O will turn it off. The old state of
the motor is returned in io_Actual. If io_Actual is zero, then the motor was off. Any other
value implies that the motor was on. If the motor is just being turned on, the driver will delay
the proper amount of time to allow the drive to come up to speed. Normally, turning the drive
on is not necessary —the driver does this automatically if it receives a request when the motor
is off. However, turning the motor off is the user’s responsibility. In addition, the standard
instructions to the user are that it is safe to remove a diskette if and only if the motor is off

(that is, if the disk light is off).

268 Trackdisk Device

TD_FORMAT

TD_FORMAT is used to write data to a track that either has not yet been formated or has had
a hard error on a standard write command. TD_FORMAT completely ignores all data
currently on a track and does not check for disk change before performing the command.
TD_FORMAT is called with a standard I[ORequest. The io_Data field must point to at least
one track worth of data. The io_Offset field must be track aligned, and the io_Length field
must be in units of track length (that iss NUMSECS*TD_SECTOR ). The driver will format
the requested tracks, filling each sector with the contents of the io_Data field. You should do a
read pass to verify the data. The command TD_FORMAT does not check whether the disk has
been changed before the command is performed.

If you have a hard write error during a normal write, you may find it necessary to use the
TD_FORMAT command to reformat the track as part of your error recovery process.

TD_REMOVE

TD_REMOVE is called with a standard IORequest. The APTR io_Data field points to a
software interrupt structure. The driver will post this software interrupt whenever a disk is
inserted or removed. To find out the current state of the disk, TD_CHANGENUM and
TD_CHANGESTATE should be used. If TD REMOVE is called with a null io Data argu-

ment, then disk removal interrupts are suspended.

Status Commands

The commands that return status on the current disk in the unit are TD_CHANGENUM,
TD_CHANGESTATE, and TD_PROTSTATUS.

TD_CHANGENUM

TD_CHANGENUM returns the current value of the disk-change counter (as used by the
extended commands—see below). The disk change counter is incremented each time the disk is
inserted or removed.

Trackdisk Device 269

TD_CHANGESTATE

TD_CHANGESTATE returns zero if a disk is currently in the drive, and nonzero if the drive
has no disk.

TD_PROTSTATUS

TD_PROTSTATUS returns nonzero if the current diskette is write-protected. All these rou-
tines return their values in io_Actual. These routines are safe to call from an interrupt routine
(such as the software interrupt specified in TD_REMOVE ). However, care should be taken
when calling these routines from an interrupt. You should never Wait() for them to complete
while in interrupt processing — it is never legal to go to sleep on the interrupt stack.

Commands for Diagnostics and Repair

Currently only one command, TD_SEEK, is provided for internal diagnostics and for disk
repair.

TD_SEEK is called with a standard [ORequest. The io_Offset field should be set to the
(byte) offset to which the seek is to occur. TD_SEEK will not verify its position until the next

read. That is, TD_SEEK only moves the heads; it does not actually read any data and it does
not check to see if the disk has been changed.

Trackdisk Driver Errors

Table 7-1 is a list of error codes that can be returned by the trackdisk driver. When an error
occurs, these error numbers will be returned in the io_Error field of your I[ORequest block.

270 Trackdisk Device

Table 7-1: Trackdisk Driver Error Codes

Error
Error Name Number Meaning

TDERR_NotSpecified 20 Error could not be determined
TDERR_NoSecHdr 21 Could not find sector header
TDERR_BadSecPreamble 22 Error in sector preamble
TDERR_BadSecID 23 Error in sector identifier
TDERR_BadHdrSum 24 Header field has bad checksum
TDERR_BadSecSum 25 Sector data field has bad checksum
TDERR_TooFewSecs 26 Incorrect number of sectors on track
TDERR_BadSecHdr 27 Unable to read sector header
TDERR_WriteProt 28 Disk is write-protected
TDERR_DiskChanged 29 Disk has been changed

or is not currently present
TDERR_SeekError 30 While verifying seek position,

found seek error
TDERR_NoMem 31 Not enough memory to do this operation
TDERR_BadUnitNum 32 Bad unit number

(unit # not attached)
TDERR_BadDriveType 33 Bad drive type

(not an Amiga 3 1/2 inch disk)
TDERR_DrivelnUse 34 Drive already in use

(only one task exclusive)
TDERR_PostReset 35 User hit reset; awaiting doom

Example Program

The following sample program exercises a few of the trackdisk driver commands.

#-include ” exec /types.h”
#include ” exec /nodes.h”
#include ” exec /lists.h”
#include ”exec/memory.h”
#include ” exec /interrupts.h”
#include ” exec /ports.h”
#include ” exec /libraries.h”
#include ” exec /io.h”
#include ” exec /tasks.h”
#include ” exec /execbase.h”
#include ”exec/devices.h”

Trackdisk Device 271

#include ” devices/trackdisk.h”

#define TD_READ CMD_READ
#define BLOCKSIZE TD_SECTOR

SHORT error;

struct MsgPort *diskport;
struct IOExtTD *diskreq;
BYTE diskbuffer[|BLOCKSIZE];
BYTE *diskdata;

SHORT testval;

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct IORequest *CreateExtIO();

ULONG diskChangeCount;

ReadCy|Sec(cyl, sec, hd)
SHORT cyl, sec, hd;

{

LONG offset;

diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Length —= BLOCKSIZE;
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Data = (APTR)diskbuffer;

/* show where to put the data when read */
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Command = ETD_READ;

/* check that disk not changed before reading */
diskreq- >iotd_Count = diskChangeCount;

/* convert from cylinder, head, sector to byte-offset value to get
* right one (as dos and everyone else sees it)...*/

/* driver reads one CYLINDER at a time (head does not move for
* 22 sequential sector reads, or better put, head does not move for
* 2 sequential full track reads.)

us

offset = TD_SECTOR * (sec + NUMSECS * hd + NUMSECS * NUMHEADS ¥ cyl);
diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Offset = offset;

DolO(diskreq);
return(0);

}

MotorOn()

{

/* TURN ON DISK MOTOR ... old motor state is returned in io_Actual */
diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Length — 1;

/* this says motor is to be turned on */

diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Command —= TD_MOTOR;

/* do something with the motor */

DolO(diskregq);

printf(”\\nOld motor state was: %1d” ,diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Actual);

972 Trackdisk Device

printf(” \nio_Error value was: %1d” ,diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Error);
return(0);

MotorOff()
{
printf(” \n\nNow turn it off”);
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Length = 0;
/* says that motor is to be turned on */
diskreq- >10td_Req.io_Command = TD_MOTOR;
/* do something with the motor */
DolO(diskreq);
printf(”\nOld motor state was: %1d” ,diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Actual);
printf(” \nio_Error value was: %1d” ,diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Error);
return(0);

}

SeekFullRange(howmany)
SHORT howmany;
-
int 1;
for(i=0; i<howmany; i++)
‘
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Offset =
((NUMCYLS -1)*NUMSECS*NUMHEADS -1 ) * 512:
/* seek to cylinder 79, head 1 */
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Command = TD_SEEK;
DolO(diskreq);
if(diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Error != 0)
printf(”\nSeek Cycle Number %ld, Error = %1d”,
i, diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Error);
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Offset = 0;
/* seek to cylinder 0, head 0 */
diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Command = TD_SEEK;
DolO(diskreq);
if(diskreq- > iotd_Req.io_Error != 0)
printf(”\nSeek Cycle Number %ld, Error = %1d”,
i, diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Error);
printf(” \nCompleted a seek” );

}

return(0);

main()
SHORT cylinder,head,sector;

diskdata = &diskbuffer|0];
/* point to first location in disk buffer */
diskport = CreatePort(0,0);
if(diskport == 0) exit(100); _/* error in createport */
diskreq = (struct IOExtTD *)CreateExtIO(diskport, sizeof(struct IOExtTD));

Trackdisk Device

/* make an io request block for communicating with the disk */
if(diskreq == 0) { DeletePort(diskport); exit(200); }

error = OpenDevice(TD_NAME,0,diskreq,0);
/* open the device for access, unit 0 is builtin drive */
printf(” \nError value returned by OpenDevice was: %1x”, error);

/* now get the disk change value */

diskreq- >10td_Req.io_Command = TD_CHANGENUM;
DolO(diskreq);

diskChangeCount = diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Actual;

printf(” \nChange number for disk is currently % ld” ,diskChangeCount);

MotorOn();

SeekFullRange(10);

for(cylinder=0; cylinder< 80; cylinder++) /* tracks to test */
for(head—0; head <2; head++) /* number of heads to test */

for(sector—=0; sector<11; sector++) /* sectors to test */

ReadCyl]Sec(cylinder, sector, head);
if(diskreq- >iotd_Req.io_Error != 0)
printf(” \nError At Cyl=%ld, Sc=%1ld, Hd=% 1d, Error=% 1d”,
cylinder,sector,head,
diskreq >iotd_Req.io_Error);

printf(” \nCompleted reading Cylinder=% 1d” ,cylinder);

}
MotorOff();
CloseDevice(diskreq);

DeleteExtIO(diskreq, sizeof(struct IOExtTD));

DeletePort(diskport);
} /* end of main */

274 Trackdisk Device

Chapter 8

Console Device

This chapter describes how you do console (keyboard and screen) input and output on the
Amiga. The console device acts like an enhanced ASCII terminal. It obeys many of the stan-
dard ANSI sequences as well as additional special sequences unique to the Amiga.

Introduction

Console I/O is tied closely to the Amiga Intuition interface; a console must be tied to a window
that is already opened. From the Window data structure, the console device determines how
many characters it can display on a line and how many lines of text it can display in a window

Console Device 275

without clipping at any edge.

You can open the console device many times, if you wish. The result of each open call is a new
console unit. AmigaDOS and Intuition see to it that only one window is currently active and its
console, if any, is the only one (with a few exceptions) that receives notification of input events,
such as keystrokes. Later in this chapter you will see that other Intuition events can be sensed
by the console device as well.

Note: For this entire chapter the characters ‘“<CSI>” represent the control sequence intro-
ducer. For output you may use either the two-character sequence ‘‘“<Esc>|” or the one-byte
value $9B (hex). For input you will receive $9B’s.

System Functions

The various system functions—such as DoIO(), SendIO(), AbortIO(), CheckIO(), and so
on—operate normally. The only caveats are that CMD_WRITE may cause the caller to wait
internally, even with SendIO(), and a task waiting on response from a console is at the user’s
whim. If a user never reselects that window, and the console response provides the only wake-
up call, that task may well sleep indefinitely.

Console I/O

The console device may be thought of as a kind of terminal. You send character streams to the
console device; you also receive them from the console device. These streams may be characters
or special sequences.

GENERAL CONSOLE SCREEN OUTPUT

Console character screen output (as compared to console command sequence transmission) out-
puts all standard printable characters (character values hex 20 thru 7E and AO thru FF) nor-
mally. Many control characters such as BACKSPACE and RETURN are translated into their
exact ANSI equivalent actions. The line-feed character is a bit different, in that it can be
translated into a new-line character. The net effect is that the cursor moves to the first column
of the next line whenever a <LF> is displayed. This code is set via the mode control
sequences discussed under ‘Control Sequences for Screen Output.”

276 Console Device

CONSOLE KEYBOARD INPUT

If you read from the console device, the keyboard inputs are preprocessed for you and you will
get ASCII characters, such as “B.” Most normal text-gathering programs will read from the con-
sole device in this manner. Special programs, such as word processors and music keyboard pro-
grams, will use raw input. Keys are converted via the keymap associated with the unit.

The sections below deal with the following topics:
o Setting up for console I/O (creating an I/O request structure)
o Writing to the console to control its behavior
o Reading from the console

o Closing down a console device

Creating an I/O Request

This section shows you how to set up for console I/O. Console I/O, like that used with other
devices, requires that you create an I/O request message that you pass to the console device for
processing. The message contains the command as well as a data area. In the data area, for a
write, there will be a pointer to the stream of information you wish to write to the console. For
a read, this data pointer shows where the console is to copy the data it has for you. There is

also a length field that says how many characters (maximum) are to be copied either from or to
the console device.

Here is a program fragment that can be used to create the message block that you use for con-
sole communications.

For writing to the console:

struct IOStdReq *consoleWriteMsg; /* I/O request block pointer */
struct Port *consoleWritePort; /* a port at which to receive replies* /

consoleWritePort = CreatePort(” mycon.write’” ,O);

if(consoleWritePort == 0) exit(100); =//* error in createport */
consoleWriteMsg = CreateStdIO(consoleWriteP ort);
if(consoleWriteMsg —= 0) exit(200); = /* error in createstdio */

Console Device 277

For reading from the console:

struct IOStdReq *consoleReadMsg; /* I/O request block pointer */
struct Port *consoleReadPort; /* a port at which to receive replies */

consoleReadPort = CreatePort(” mycon.read” ,O);

if(consoleReadPort == 0) exit(300); | _/* error in createport */
consoleReadMsg — CreateStdIO(consoleReadPort);
if(consoleReadMsg == 0) exit(400); /* error in createstdio */

These fragments show two messages and ports being set up. You would use this set-up if you
want to have a read command continuously queued up while using a separate message with its
associated port to send control command sequences to the console. In addition, if you want to
queue up multiple commands to the console, you may wish to create multiple messages (but
probably just one port for receiving replied messages from the device).

Opening a Console Device

For other devices, you normally use OpenDevice() to pass an uninitialized IORequest block
to the device. For a console device, a slightly different method is used. You must have initial-
ized two fields in the request block; namely, the data pointer and the length field. Here is a
subroutine that can be used to open a console device (attach it to an existing window). It
assumes that intuition.library is already open, a window has also been opened, and this new
console is to be attached to the open window.

278 Console Device

/* this function returns a value of 0 if the console
* device opened correctly and a nonzero value
* (the error returned from OpenDevice) if there was an error.

*/

OpenConsole(writerequest,readrequest,window)

struct IOStdReq *writerequest;

struct [OStdReq *readrequest;

struct Window *window;

{
int error;
writerequest->io_Data = (APTR) window;
writerequest- >io_Length = sizeof(*window);
error = OpenDevice(”console.device”, 0, writerequest, 0);
readrequest- >io_Device = writerequest- > io_Device;
readrequest->io_Unit = writerequest->io_Unit;

/* clone required parts of the request * /

return(error);

}

Notice that this routine opens the console using one I/O request (write), then copies the write

request values into the read request. This assures that both input and output go to the same
console device.

SENDING A CHARACTER STREAM TO THE CONSOLE DEVICE

To perform console I/O, you fill in fields of the console I/O standard request and pass this block
to the console device using one of the normal I/O functions. When the console device has com-
pleted the action, the device returns the message block to the port you have designated within
the message itself. The function CreateStdIO() initializes the message to contain the address
of the ReplyPort.

The following subroutines use the IOStdReq created above. Note that the [OStdReq itself
contains a pointer to the unit with which it is communicating. Thus, a single function can be
used to communicate with multiple consoles.

Console Device 279

/* output a single character to a specified console * /

ConPutChar(request,character)

struct [OStdReq *request;

char character;

{
request- >io_Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >io_Data = &character;
request- >io_Length = 1;
DolO(request);
return;

}

/* output a stream of known length to a console */

ConWrite(request,string,length)

struct [OStdReq *request;

char *string;

int length;

{
request- >io_Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >io_Data = string;
request->io_Length = length;
DolO(request);
return;

}
/* output a NULL-terminated string of characters to a console */

ConPutStr(request,string)

struct [OStdReq *request;

char *string;

{

request- >io_ Command = CMD_WRITE;

request- >io_Data = string;

request->io_Length = -1; /* tells console to end when it sees a

* terminating zero on the string. */
DoIO(request);
return;
j

280 Console Device

Control Sequences for Screen Output

Table 8-1 lists the functions that the console device supports, along with the character stream
that you must send to the console to produce the effect. Where the function table indicates
multiple characters, it is more efficient to use the ConWrite() function rather than
ConPutChar() because it avoids the overhead of transferring the message block multiple
times. The table below uses the second form of <CSI>, that is, the hex value 9B, to minimize
the number of characters to be transmitted to produce a function.

In table 8-1, if an item is enclosed in square brackets, it is optional and may be omitted. For
example, for INSERT |N] CHARACTERS the value for N or M is shown as optional. The con-
sole device responds to such optional items by treating the value of N as if it is not specified.

The value of N or M is always a decimal number, having one or more ASCII digits to express its
value.

Table 8-1: Console Control Sequences

Command Sequence of Characters

(in Hexadecimal Form)

BACKSPACE (move left one column) 08
LINE FEED (move down one text line as OA
specified by the mode function below)
VERTICAL TAB (move up one text line) OB
FORM FEED (clear the console’s screen) OC
CARRIAGE RETURN (move to first column) OD
SHIFT IN (undo SHIFT OUT) OE
SHIFT OUT (set MSB of each character OF

before displaying)

ESC (escape; can be part of the control 1B
sequence introducer)
CSI (control sequence introducer)

RESET TO INITIAL STATE 1B 63
INSERT [N] CHARACTERS 9B [N] 40

(Inserts one or more spaces, shifting the
remainder of the line to the right.)

CURSOR UP [N| CHARACTER POSITIONS — 9B [N| 41
(default = 1)

CURSOR DOWN |N] CHARACTER 9B |N] 42
POSITIONS
(default = 1)

Console Device 281

CURSOR FORWARD [N] CHARACTER 9B |N] 43
POSITIONS (default = 1)

CURSOR BACKWARD |[N] CHARACTER 9B [N] 44
POSITIONS (default = 1)
CURSOR NEXT LINE |[N] (to column 1) 9B [N] 45
CURSOR PRECEDING LINE [N| 9B |N] 46
(to column 1)
MOVE CURSOR TO ROW; COLUMN 9B [N] [3B N] 48

where N is row, M is column, and
semicolon (hex 3B) must be present

as a separator, or if row is left

out, so the console device can tell

that the number after the semicolon
actually represents the column number.

ERASE TO END OF DISPLAY 9B 4A

ERASE TO END OF LINE 9B 4B

INSERT LINE (above the line containing 9B 4C
the cursor)

DELETE LINE (remove current line, move 9B 4D

all lines up one position to fill
gap, blank bottom line)

DELETE CHARACTER |N] (that cursor is 9B [N] 50
sitting on and to the right if
[N] is specified)

SCROLL UP [N] LINES (Remove line(s) from = 9B [N] 53
top of screen, move all other lines
up, blanks [N] bottom lines)

SCROLL DOWN |[N] LINES (Remove line(s) 9B [N] 54
from bottom of screen, move all
other lines down, blanks [N] top lines)

SET MODE (cause LINEFEED to respond as 9B 32 30 68
RETURN-LINEFEED)

RESET MODE (cause LINEFEED to respond 9B 32 30 6C
only as LINEFEED)

DEVICE STATUS REPORT (cause console to 9B 36 6E
insert into your read-stream a CURSOR
POSITION REPORT; see ‘“‘Reading from
the Console’’ for more information)

SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION See note below.
<style>;<fg>;<bg>6D
(select text style foreground
color, background color)
(See the note below.)

282 Console Device

Note: For SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION, any number of parameters, in any order, are

valid. They are separated by semicolons. The parameters follow:

<style> =

0 Plain text

1 Bold-face

3 Italic

4 Underscore

7 Inverse-video
aie ==

30 - 37 Selecting system colors 0-7 for foreground.

Transmitted as two ASCII characters.

<bg> =

40 - 47 selecting system colors 0-7 for background.

Transmitted as two ASCII characters.

For example, to select bold face, with color 3 as foreground and color 0 as back-
ground, send the sequence:

9B 31 3B 33 33 3B 34 30 6D

representing the ASCII sequence:

” < CSI>1;33;40m”

where <CSI> is the control sequence introducer, here used as the single-character

value 9B hex.

The sequences in table 8-2 are not ANSI standard sequences; they are private Amiga

sequences.

In these command descriptions, length, width, and offset are comprised of one or more
ASCII digits, defining a decimal value.

Console Device 283

Table 8-2: Amiga Console-control Sequences

Command Sequence of Characters
(in Hexadecimal Form)

SET PAGE LENGTH (in character raster lines,
causes console to recalculate,
using current font, how many text 9B <length> 74
lines will fit on the page.

SET LINE LENGTH (in character positions,
using current font, how many characters
should be placed on each line). 9B <width> 75

SET LEFT OFFSET (in raster columns, how far
from the left of the window
should the text begin). 9B <offset> 78

SET TOP OFFSET (in raster lines, how far
from the top of the window’s
RastPort should the topmost
line of the character begin). 9B <offset> 79

SET RAW EVENTS — see the separate
topic “Selecting Raw Input Events’’
below for more details.

RESET RAW EVENTS — see

‘Selecting Raw Input Events” below.
SET CURSOR RENDITION - make the

cursor visible or invisible:

Invisible: 9B 30 20 70
Visible: 9B 20 70

WINDOW STATUS REQUEST - ask the
console device to tell you the
current bounds of the window,
in upper and lower row and
column character positions.
(User may have resized or

repositioned it.) See
‘“Window Bounds Report”’ below. 9B 30 20 71

Note: The console device normally handles the SET PAGE LENGTH, SET LINE
LENGTH, SET LEFT OFFSET, and SET TOP OFFSET functions automatically.
To allow it to do so again after setting your own values, you can send the function
without a parameter.

284 Console Device

Examples

Move cursor right by lL:

Character string equivalents: <CSI>C or <CSI>1C
Numeric (hex) equivalents: 9B 43 9B 31 43

Move cursor right by 20:

Character string equivalent: <CSI>20C
Numeric (hex) equivalent: 9B 32 30 43

Move cursor to upper left corner (home):

Character string equivalents:
<CSI>H or
<CSI>1;1H or
<CSI>;1H or
<CSI>1;H

Numeric (hex) equivalents:
9B 48
9B 31 3B 31 48
9B 3B 31 48
9B 31 3B 48

Move cursor to the fourth column of the first line of the window:

Character string equivalents:
<CSI>1;4H or
<CSI>;4H

Numeric (hex) equivalents:
9B 31 3B 34 48
9B 3B 34 48

Console Device

289

Clear the screen:

Character string equivalents:
<FF> or CTRL-L {clear screen character} or
<CSI>H<CSI>J {home and clear to end of screen} or

Numeric (hex) equivalents:
OC
9B 48 9B 4A

READING FROM THE CONSOLE

Reading input from the console device returns an ANSI 3.64 standard byte stream. This stream
may contain normal characters and/or RAW input event information. You may also request
other RAW input events using the SET RAW EVENTS and RESET RAW EVENTS control

sequences discussed below. See ‘“‘Selection of Raw Input Events.’’

The following subroutines are useful for setting up for console reads. Only a single-character-
at-a-time version is shown here.

Note: This example does not illustrate the fact that a request for more than one character can
be satisfied by only one, thus requiring you to look at io_Actual.

/* queue up a read request to a console, show where to put the character when ready
* to be returned. Most efficient if this is called right after console is opened */

QueueRead(request, whereto)

struct IOStdReq *request;

char *whereto;

{
request- >1io_Command = CMD_READ;
request- >10_Data = whereto;
request- >10_Length = 1;
SendIO(request);

return;

}

/* see if there is a character to read. If none, don’t wait,
* come back with a value of -1 */

int

ConMayGetChar(consolePort,request, whereto)

struct Port *consolePort;

286 Console Device

struct IOStdReq *request;
char *whereto;

{

register temp;

if ( GetMsg(consolePort) === NULL ) return(-1);
temp = *whereto;

QueueRead(request,whereto);

return(temp);

}

/* go and get a character; put the task to sleep if
* there isn’t one present */

UBYTE
ConGetChar(consolePort,request,whereto)
struct [OStdReq *request;
struct Port *consolePort;
char *whereto;
{
register temp;
while((GetMsg(consolePort) === NULL)) WaitPort(consolePort);

temp = *whereto; /* get the character */
QueueRead(request,whereto);
return(temp);

INFORMATION ABOUT THE READ-STREAM

For the most part, keys whose keycaps are labeled with ANSI standard characters will ordi-
narily be translated into their ASCII-equivalent character by the console device through the use
of its keymap. A separate section in this chapter has been dedicated to the method used to
establish a keymap and the internal organization of the keymap.

For keys other than those with normal ASCII equivalents, an escape sequence is generated and
inserted into your input stream. For example, in the default state (no raw input events
selected) the function and arrow keys will cause the sequences shown in table 8-3 to be inserted
in the input stream.

Console Device 287

Table 8-3: Special Key Report Sequences

Key Unshifted Sends Shifted Sends

F1 <CSI>0° <CSI>107

F2 <CSI>1° <CSI>11°

F3 <CSI>2° <CSI>12°

F4 <CSI>3° <CSI>13°

F5 <CSI>4° <CSI>14°

F6 <CSI>5— <CSI>15"

F7 <CSI>6° <CSI>16™

F8 <CSI>7~ <CSI>17—

F9 <CSI>8" <CSI>18"

F10 <CSI>9° <CSI>19°

HELP <CSI>?" <CSI>?" (same)

Arrow keys:

Up <CSI>A <CSI>T

Down <CSI>B <CSI>$

Left <CSI>D <CSI> A (notice the space
Right <CSI>C <CSI> @ after <CSI>)

CURSOR POSITION REPORT

If you have sent the DEVICE STATUS REPORT command sequence, the console device

returns a cursor position report into your input stream. It takes the form:

<CSI><row>;<column>R

For example, if the cursor is at column 40 and row 12, here are the ASCII values you receive in
a stream:

9B 34 30 3B 31 32 52

288 Console Device

WINDOW BOUNDS REPORT

A user may have either moved or resized the window to which your console is bound. By issu-
ing a WINDOW STATUS REPORT to the console, you can read the current position and size
in the input stream. This window bounds report takes the following form:

<CSI>1;1;<bottom margin>;<right margin>r

Note that the top and left margins are always 11 for the Amiga. The bottom and right margins
give you the window row and column dimensions as well. For a window that holds 20 lines
with 60 characters per line, you will receive the following in the input stream:

9B 31 3B 31 3B 32 30 3B 36 30 20 72

SELECTING RAW INPUT EVENTS

If the keyboard information — including ‘‘cooked”’ keystrokes— does not give you enough infor-
mation about input events, you can request additional information from the console driver.

The command to SET RAW EVENTS is formatted as:

” <CSI> |event-types-separated-by-semicolons]{”

If, for example, you need to know when each key is pressed and released you would request
“RAW keyboard input.” This is done by writing ‘““<CSI>1{” to the console. In a single SET
RAW EVENTS request, you can ask the console to set up for multiple event types at one time.
You must send multiple numeric parameters, separating them by semicolons (;). For example,
to ask for gadget pressed, gadget released, and close gadget events, write “<CSI>7;8;11{” (all
as ASCII characters, without the quotes).

You can reset, that is, delete from reporting, one or more of the raw input event types by using
the RESET RAW EVENTS command, in the same manner as the SET RAW EVENTS was

used to establish them in the first place. This command stream is formatted as:

<CSI> [event-types-separated-by-semicolons]}

So, for example, you could reset all of the events set in the above example by transmitting the
command sequence: ‘“<CSI>7;8;11}.” Table 8-4 is a list of the valid raw input event types.

Console Device 289

Table 8-4: Raw Input Event Types

Request
Number Description

No-op Used internally

1 RAW keyboard input Intuition swallows all except
the select button

2 RAW mouse input

3 Event Sent whenever your
window is made active

4 Pointer position

5 (unused)

6 Timer

7 Gadget pressed

8 Gadget released

9 Requester activity

10 Menu numbers

11 Close Gadget

12 Window resized

13 Window refreshed

14 Preferences changed

15 Disk removed

16 Disk inserted

Complex Input Event Reports

If you select any of these events you will start to get information about the events in the follow-
ing form:

<CSI> <class>;<subclass>;<keycode>;<qualifiers>;<x>;<y>;
<seconds>;< microseconds > |

where

<CSI>

is a one-byte field. It is the ‘“‘control sequence introducer’’, 9B in hex.

<class >
is the RAW input event type, from the above table.

290 Console Device

<subclass >

is usually 0. If the mouse is moved to the right controller, this would be 1.

<keycode>

indicates which key number was pressed (see figure 8-1 and table 8-6). This field can also
be used for mouse information.

< qualifiers >

indicates the state of the keyboard and system. The qualifiers are defined as shown in table

8-5.

Bit

Noe ©

12
13
14
lo

Mask

0001
0002
0004

0008
0010
0020
0040
0080
0100
0200
0400
0800

1000
2000
4000
8000

Table 8-5: Input Event Qualifiers

Key

Left shift

Right shift

Caps Lock Associated keycode is
special; see below.

Ctrl

Left Alt

Right Alt

Left Amiga key pressed
Right Amiga key pressed
Numeric pad

Repeat
Interrupt Not currently used.
Multi-broadcast This window (active one)

or all windows.
Left mouse button
Right mouse button
Middle mouse button (Not available on standard mouse)
Relative mouse Indicates mouse coordinates
are relative, not absolute.

The Caps Lock key is handled in a special manner. It generates a keycode only when it is
pressed, not when it is released. However, the up/down bit (80 hex) is still used and reported.
If pressing the Caps Lock key causes the LED to light, keycode 62 (Caps Lock pressed) is sent.
If pressing the Caps Lock key extinguishes the LED, keycode 190 (Caps Lock released) is sent.
In effect, the keyboard reports this key as held down until it is struck again.

The <x> and <y> fields are filled by some classes with an Intuition address: x << 16+.

Console Device 291

The <seconds> and <microseconds> fields contain the system time stamp taken at the time
the event occurred. These values are stored as long-words by the system.

With RAW keyboard input selected, keys will no longer return a simple one-character “‘A”’ to
“7 but will instead return raw keycode reports of the form:

<CSI>1;0;<keycode>;< qualifiers > ;0;0;<seconds>;< microseconds > |

For example, if the user pressed and released the “‘B” key with the left Shift and right Amiga
keys also pressed, you might receive the following data:

<CSI> 1;0;35;129;0;0;23987;99|
<CSI> 1;0;163;129;0;0;24003;18|

The <keycode> field is an ASCII decimal value representing the key pressed or released.
Adding 128 to the pressed key code will result in the released keycode. Figure 4-1 lets you con-
vert quickly from a key to its keycode. The tables let you convert quickly from a keycode to a
key.

F7 F8 F9 DEL
56 |'s7 |'ss | 60 [a6
; A i 7 8 9
08 '02 om 08 Loc] oo
U \ Oo P ' 4 5 6
16/17 [a | ro [vale

CTRL aoe A ) D H J K L ‘ RETURN A
SHIFT Zz Xx Cc B N M < > ? SHIFT + >
a1 | 3 2 jor _|ac
Al ALT v = ENTER
wr Fs

Figure 8-1: The Amiga Keyboard, Showing Keycodes in Hex

The default values given correspond to the values the console device will return when these keys
are pressed and the keycaps as shipped with the standard American keyboard.

992 Console Device

Table 8-6: System Default Console Key Mapping

Raw Unshifted Shifted

Key Keycap Default Default
Number Legend Value Value

00 = ‘(Accent grave) ~ (tilde)

01 1! 1 !

02 2@ 2 @

03 3 #: 3 a

04 4 $ 4 $

05 5 % 5 %

06 6 * 6 7

07 7 & i &

08 8 * 8 *

09 9 ( 9 (

OA 0 ) 0 )

OB - - (Hyphen) _ (Underscore)
OC = = af

oD \I \ |

OE (undefined)

OF 0 0 0 (Numeric pad)
10 Q q Q

11 W Ww W

12 E e E

13 R r R

14 T t T

15 Y y Y

16 U u U

17 | i I

18 O O O

19 r p P

1A 4 | {

1B ls | }

1C (undefined)

1D 1 1 1 (Numeric pad)
1E 2 2 2 (Numeric pad)
1F 3 3 3 (Numeric pad)
20 A a A

21 S S S

22 D d D

23 F f F

24 G g G

Console Device 293

Raw
Key Keycap
Number Legend

29 H
26 J
27 K
28 L
29
2A es
2B

2C

2D 4
2E
2F

oO ON

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
3A
3B
3C .
3D 7
3K 8
3F 9

ZZ2w<axXn

Saad

sae

40 (Space bar)
41 Back Space
42 Tab

43 Enter

44 Return

45 Esc

46 Del

47

48

49

4A

4B

994 Console Device

Unshifted
Default
Value

h
J
k

single quote)
RESERVED)
undefined)

a ww Ne

moo

(RESERVED)

Z
Xx
c
Vv
b
n
m

, (comma)
. (period)

/
(undefined)

7
8
9

20
O8
O9
OD
OD
1B
7F
(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)
(

undefined )

Shifted
Default
Value

93

(RESERVED)

4 (Numeric pad)
5 (Numeric pad)
6 (Numeric pad)

(RESERVED)

Z
xX
C
V
B
N
M
<<
=

oo)

. (Numeric pad)
7 (Numeric pad)
8 (Numeric pad)
9 (Numeric pad)

20
O8
O9
OD (Numeric pad)
OD
1B
7F

- (Numeric Pad)

Raw
Key
Number

4C
4D
4

4

50
ol
o2
o3
54
55
56
57
o8
o9
5A
5B
5C
5D
5E
SF

Keycap
Legend

Up arrow

Down arrow
Forward arrow
(note blank space
after <CSI>)
Backward arrow
(note blank space
after <CSI>)

Fl
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10

HELP

Unshifted
Default
Value

<CSI>A
<CSI>B
<CSI>C

<CSI>D

<CSI>0°
<CSI>1°
<CSI>2°
<CSI>37
<CSI>4°
<CSI>57
<CSI>67
<CSI>7~
<CSI>8"
<CSI>9°
(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)
<CSI>?"

Shifted
Default
Value

<CSI>T
<CSI>S
<CSI> A

<CSI> @

<CSI>10°™
<CSI>11°
<CSI>12°
<CSI>13°
<CSI>14"
<CSI>15"
<CSI> 16"
<CSI>177
<CSI>18"
<CSI>19°

<CSI>?"

Console Device

295

Raw
Key

Number
60
61
62

63

64
65

66
67

68

69

6A

6B
6C
6D
6E
6F

296 Console Device

Function or
Keycap
Legend

Shift (left of space bar)
Shift (right of space bar)
Caps Lock

Ctrl

(Left) Alt
(Right) Alt

Amiga (left of space bar)
Amiga (right of space bar)

Left mouse button
(not converted)

Right mouse button
(not converted)

Middle mouse button
(not converted)

(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)
(undefined)

Close Amiga
Open Amiga

Inputs are only for the
mouse connected to Intuition,
currently “gameport”’ one.

Raw Key Number

70-7F
80-F'8

F9

FA
FB

FC

FD

FE
FF
FF

Notes about the preceding table:

1) “(undefined)” indicates that the current keyboard design should not generate this
number. If you are using SetKeyMap() to change the key map, the entries for these
numbers must still be included.

2) ‘(not converted)” refers to mouse button events.
“<CSI>2{” to inform the console driver that you wish to receive mouse events; other-

Function

(undefined)

Up transition (release or unpress key of one
of the above keys) (80 for 00, F8 for 7F)

Last keycode was bad
(was sent in order to resynchronize)

Keyboard buffer overflow

(undefined, reserved for
keyboard processor catastrophe)

Keyboard selftest failed

Power-up key stream start.
Keys pressed or stuck at power-up
will be sent between FD and FE.

Power-up key stream end
(undefined, reserved)

Mouse event, movement only,
no button change (not converted)

wise these will not be transmitted.

3) “(RESERVED)” indicates that these keycodes have been reserved for non-US key-
boards. The ‘‘2B” code key will be between the double-quote(”) and Return keys. The

‘*30”’ code key will be between the Shift and ‘‘Z” keys.

Keymapping

The Amiga has the capability of mapping the keyboard in any manner that you wish. In other
computers, this capability is normally provided through the use of “keyboard enhancers.”’ In the
Amiga, however, the capability is already present and the vectors that control the remapping

are user-accessible.

Console Device

You must use the sequence

The functions called AskKeyMap() and SetKeyMap() each deal with a set of eight longword
pointers, known as the KeyMap data structure. The KeyMap data structure is shown below.

struct KeyMap {

UBYTE *km_LoKeyMapTypes;
ULONG *km_LoKeyMap;
UBYTE *km_LoCapsable;
UBYTE *km_LoRepeatable;
UBYTE *km_HikeyMapTypes;
ULONG *km_Hikey Map;
UBYTE *km_HiCapsable;
UBYTE *km_HiRepeatable;

3

The function AskKeyMap() shown below does not return a pointer to a table of pointers to
currently assigned key mapping. Instead, it copies the current set of pointers to a user-
designated area of memory. AskKeyMap() returns a TRUE/FALSE value that says whether
or not the function succeeded.

The function SetKeyMap(), also shown below, copies the designated key map data structure
to the console device. Thus this routine is complementary to AskKeymap() in that it can
restore an original key mapping as well as establish a new one.

/* this include file is needed as well as
* other normal console includes * /

#include ” devices/keymap.h”

int AskKeyMap(request,keymap)
struct [OStdReq *request;
struct KeyMap *keymap;

int i;

request- >io_Command = CD_ASKKEYMAP;
request- >io_Length = sizeof(struct KeyMap);
request- >io_Data = keymap;/* where to put it */
DolO(request);

i = request- >io_Error;

if(i) return(FALSE);

else return(TRUE);/* if no error, it worked. */

298 Console Device

int SetKeyMap(request,keymap)
struct [OStdReq *request;
struct KeyMap *keymap;

int 1;

request- >io_Command = CD_SETKEYMAP;
request->io_Length = sizeof(struct KeyMap);
request- >io_Data = keymap; /* where to get it */
DoIO(request);

i = request->io_Error;

if(i) return(FALSE);

else return(TRUE); /* if no error, it worked. */

}

As a prelude to the following material, note that the Amiga keyboard transmits raw key infor-
mation to the computer in the form of a key position and a transition. Figure 8-1 shows a phy-
sical layout of the keys and the hexadecimal number that is transmitted to the system when a
key is pressed. When the key is released, its value, plus hexadecimal 80, is transmitted to the
computer. The key mapping described herein refers to the translation from this raw key
transmission into console device output to the user.

The low key map provides translation of the key values from hex 00-3F; the high key map pro-
vides translation of key values from hex 40-67. Raw output from the keyboard for the low key

map does not include the space bar, Tab, Alt, Ctrl, arrow keys, and several other keys (see
figure 8-2 and table 8-7).

00 01 02 03 04 O05 06 O07 O08 09 OA OB OC OD 3D 3E 35

10 11 12 #13 14 #15 16 17 #18 #19 1A 4I1B 2D 2E 2F
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 1D 1E IF
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A OF 3C
~~ 1! 2@ 34 48 5% 67 7& 8* 9( O) -_L =+ \ 7 8 9
qQ wW eE rR tT yY uJ iI o0 pP [{ J} 4 5 6
ak sS @D fF gG hH jJ kK 1L ;: ' 1 2 3
zZ xX cC vV bB nN mM ,< .> /? 0

Figure 8-2: Low Key Map Translation Table

Console Device 299

Table 8-7: High Key Map Hex Values

Key Number

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
4A
AC
4D
4E
4F
50-59
5F
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

The keymap table for the low and high keymaps consists of 4-byte entries, one per hex keycode.

Function or
Keycap Legend

Space

Backspace

Tab

Enter

Return

Escape

Delete

Numeric Pad - character
Cursor Up
Cursor Down
Cursor Forward
Cursor Backward
Function keys F1-F10
Help

Left Shift

Right Shift

Caps Lock
Control

Left Alt

Right Alt

Left Amiga
Right Amiga

These entries are interpreted in one of two possible ways:

o As four separate bytes, specifying how the key is to be interpreted when pressed alone,
with one qualifier, with another qualifier, or with both qualifiers (where a qualifier is one

of three possible keys: Ctrl, Alt, or Shift).

o As alongword containing the address of a string descriptor, where a string of hex digits
is to be output when this key is pressed. If a string is to be output, any combination of

qualifiers may affect the string that may be transmitted.

Note: The keymap table must begin aligned on a word boundary. Each entry is four bytes
long, thereby maintaining word alignment throughout the table. This is necessary because some
of the entries may be longword addresses and must be aligned properly for the 68000.

300 Console Device

ABOUT QUALIFIERS

As you may have noticed, there are three possible qualifiers, but only a 4-byte space in the table
for each key. This does not allow space to describe what the computer should output for all
possible combinations of qualifiers. This problem is solved by only allowing all three qualifiers
to affect the output at the same time in string mode. Here is how that works.

For ‘‘vanilla’”’ keys, such as the alphabetic keys, use the 4 bytes to represent the data output for
the key alone, Shifted key, Alt’ed key, and Shifted-and-Alt’ed key. Then for the Ctrl-key-plus-
vanilla-key, use the code for the key alone with bits 6 and 5 set to 0.

For other keys, such as the Return key or Esc key, the qualifiers specified in the keytypes table
(up to two) are the qualifiers used to establish the response to the key. This is done as follows.
In the keytypes table, the values listed for the key types are those listed for the qualifiers in
devices/keymap.h and devices/keymap.t. Specifically, these qualifier equates are:

KC_NOQUAL 0x00
KCF_SHIFT 0x01
KCF_ALT Ox02

KCF_CONTROL — 0x04
KC_VANILLA 0x07
KCF_DOWNUP 0x08
KCF_STRING 0x40

As shown above, the qualifiers for the various types of keys occupy specific bit positions in the
key types control byte.

In assembly code, a keymap table entry looks like this:

SOME_KEY:
DC.B VALUE_1, VALUE_2, VALUE_3, VALUE_4

Table 8-8 shows how to interpret the keymap for various combinations of the qualifier bits.

Console Device 301

Table 8-8: Keymap Qualifier Bits

If Keytype is: Then value in this position in the
keytable is output when the key is
pressed along with:

KC_NOQUAL - - - alone
KCF_SHIFT - - Shift alone
KCF_ALT - - Alt alone
KCF_CONTROL - - Ctrl alone
KCF_ALT+KCF_SHIFT Shift+Alt Alt Shift alone

KCF_CONTROL+KCF_ALT Ctrl+Alt Ctrl Alt alone
KCF_CONTROL+KCF_SHIFT Ctrl+Shift Ctrl Shift alone
KC_VANILLA Shift+Alt Alt Shift alonex

* Special case— Ctrl key, when pressed with one of the alphabet keys and certain others,
is to output key-alone value with the bits 6 and 5 set to zero.

KEYTYPE TABLE ENTRIES

The vectors named km_LoKeyTypes and km_HikKeyTypes contain one byte per raw key code.
This byte defines the entry type that is made in the key table by a set of bit positions.

Possible key types are:
o Any of the qualifier groupings noted above

o KCF_STRING + any combination of KCF_SHIFT, KCF_ALT, KCF_CONTROL (or
KC_NOQUAL) if the result of pressing the key is to be a stream of bytes (and key-
with-one-or-more-qualifiers is to be one or more alternate streams of bytes).

Any key can be made to output up to eight unique byte streams if KCF_STRING 1s set
in its keytype. The only limitation is that the total length of all of the strings assigned
to a key be within the “jump range” of a single byte increment. See the “‘String-
Output Keys” section below for more information.

The low keytype table covers the raw keycodes from hex 00-3F and contains one byte per key-
code. Therefore this table contains 64 (decimal) bytes. The high keytype table covers the raw
keycodes from hex 40-67 and contains 38 (decimal) bytes.

302 Console Device

STRING-OUTPUT KEYS

When a key is to output a string, the keymap table contains the address of a string descriptor
in place of a 4-byte mapping of a key as shown above. Here is a partial table for a new high
key map table that contains only three entries thus far. The first two are for the space bar and
the backspace key; the third is for the tab key, which is to output a string that says “‘/TAB).”
An alternate string, ‘““[SHIFTED-TAB],” is also to be output when a shifted TAB key is pressed.

newHiMapTypes:

DC.B
DC.B

newHiMap:

DC.B
DC.B
DC.L

newkey42:
DC.B

DC.B

DC.B

DC.B

new42us:

DC.B
new42ue:

new 42ss:

DC.B

new 42se:

KCF_ALT,KC_NOQUAL,
KCF_STRING+KCF_SHIFT,

0,0,$A0,$20
0,0,0,$08
newkey42

new42ue - new42us

new42us - newkey42

new42se - new42ss

new42ss - newkey42

*(TAB)’

*>(SHIF TED-TAB]’

;(more)

sspace bar, and Alt-space bar
;Back Space key only

snew definition for string to
soutput for Tab key

;(more)

slength of the
sunshifted string

snumber of bytes from start of
;string descriptor to start of
sthis string

slength of the shifted string
snumber of bytes from start of

sstring descriptor to start of
sthis string

The new high map table points to the string descriptor at address newkey42. The new high
map types table says that there is one qualifier, which means that there are two strings in the

Console Device 303

key string descriptor.

Each string in the descriptor takes two bytes in this part of the table: the first byte is the
length of the string, and the second byte is the distance from the start of the descriptor to the
start of the string. Therefore, a single string (KCF_STRING + KC_NOQUAL) takes 2 bytes of
string descriptor. If there is one qualifier, 4 bytes of descriptor are used. If there are two
qualifiers, 8 bytes of descriptor are used. If there are 3 qualifiers, 16 bytes of descriptor are
used. All strings start immediately following the string descriptor in that they are accessed as
single-byte offsets from the start of the descriptor itself. Therefore, the distance from the start
of the descriptor to the last string in the set (the one that uses the entire set of specified
qualifiers) must start within 255 bytes of the descriptor address.

Because the length of the string is contained in a single byte, the length of any single string
must be 255 bytes or less while also meeting the ‘‘reach’’ requirement. However, the console
input buffer size limits the string output from any individual key to 32 bytes maximum.

The length of a keymap containing string descriptors and strings is variable and depends on the
number and size of the strings that you provide.

CAPSABLE BIT TABLE

The vectors called km_LoCapsable and km_HiCapsable point to the first byte in an 8-byte table
that contains more information about the keytable entries. Specifically, if the Caps Lock key
has been pressed (the Caps Lock LED is on) and if there is a bit on in that position in the caps-
able map, then this key will be treated as though the Shift key is now currently pressed. For
example, in the default key mapping, the alphabetic keys are “‘capsable” but the punctuation
keys are not. This allows you to set the Caps Lock key, just as on a normal typewriter, and get
all capital letters. However, unlike a normal typewriter, you need not go out of Caps Lock to
correctly type the punctuation symbols or numeric keys.

In the table, the bits that control this feature are numbered from the lowest bit in the byte, and
from the lowest memory byte address to the highest. For example, the bit representing capsable
status for the key that transmits raw code 00 is bit O in byte 0; for the key that transmits raw
code 08 it is bit 0 in byte 1, and so on.

There are 64 bits (8-bytes) in each of the two capsable tables.

304 Console Device

REPEATABLE BIT TABLE

For both the low and high key maps there is an 8-byte table that provides one bit per possible
raw key code. This bit indicates whether or not the specified key should repeat at the rate set

by the Preferences program. The bit positions correspond to those specified in the capsable bit
table.

If there is a 1 in a specific position, the key can repeat. The vectors that point to these tables
are called km_LoRepeatable and km_HiRepeatable.

DEFAULT LOW KEY MAP

In the default low key map, all of the keys are treated in the same manner:
o When pressed alone, they transmit the ASCII equivalent of the unshifted key.

o When Shifted, they translate the ASCII equivalent of the shifted value when printed on
the keycap.

o When “Alt’ed”’ (pressed along with an Alt key), they transmit the alone-value with the
high bit of a byte set (value plus hex 80).

o When Shifted and Alt’ed, they transmit the shifted-value plus hex 80.

In this table, the bytes that describe the data to be transmitted are positioned as the example
for the “A” key shown here:

key_A DC.B_ (’A’)+380 _— ;Shifted and Alt’ed
DC.B_ (’a’)+$80 _ ;Alt’ed only
DC.B- (A’) sShifted only
DC.B_ (’a’) snot Shifted or Alt’ed

In addition to the response to the key alone, Shifted, Alt’ed, and Shifted-and-Alt’ed, the default
low keymap also responds to the key combination of ‘“‘Ctrl + key” by stripping off bits 6 and 5
of the generated data byte. For example, Ctrl + A generates the translated keycode 01 (61 with
bits 6 and 5 set to 0).

All keys in the low key map are mapped to their ASCII equivalents, as noted in the low key
map key table shown above.

Because the low key table contains 4 bytes per key, and describes the keys (raw codes) from hex
00-3F, there are 64 times 4 or 256 bytes in this table.

Console Device 305

DEFAULT HIGH KEY MAP

Most of the keys in the high key map generate strings rather than single-character mapping.
The following keys map characters with no qualifier, along with their byte mapping:

Key

BACKSP
ENTER
DEL

Generates Value:

$08
$0D
$7F

The following keys map characters and use a single qualifier:

Key

SPACE
RETURN
ESC

numeric pad “‘-”’

Generates Value:

$20
$0D
$1B

$2D

The following keys generate strings:

306 Console Device

If Used with Qualifier,

Generates Value:

$A0 (qualifier = ALT)
$0A (qualifier = CONTROL)
$9B (qualifier = ALT)

$FF (qualifier = ALT)

Key Generates Value: If Used with <SHIFT>,

generates Value:

TAB $09 $9B, followed by ’Z’
cursor:

UP $9B, followed by ’A’ $9B, followed by ’T”

DOWN $9B, followed by ’B’ $9B, followed by ’S’

FWD $9B, followed by ’C’ $9B, followed by ’ ’,

followed by ’@’

BACKWD $9B, followed by ’D’ $9B, followed by ’ ’,
followed by ’A’

function

keys:
Fl $9B, followed by ’0° ’ $9B, followed by 10° ’
F2 $9B, followed by ’17 ’ $9B, followed by 7117 ’
F3 $9B, followed by ’2° ’ $9B, followed by ’127 ’
F4 $9B, followed by ’37 ’ $9B, followed by 7137 ’
F5 $9B, followed by 4° ’ $9B, followed by 14° ’
F6 $9B, followed by ’5™ ’ $9B, followed by 7157 ’
F7 $9B, followed by ’6™ ’ $9B, followed by ’167 ’
F8 $9B, followed by ’77 ’ $9B, followed by 7177 ’
F9 $9B, followed by ’8” ’ $9B, followed by ’18° ’
F10 $9B, followed by 9° ’ $9B, followed by ’19° ’

HELP $9B, followed by ?” ’ (no qualifier used)

Closing a Console Device

When you have finished using a console, it must be closed so that the memory areas it utilized
may be returned to the system memory manager. Here is a sequence that you can use to close a
console device:

CloseDevice(requestBlock);

Note that you should also delete the messages and ports associated with this console after the
console has been closed:

Console Device 307

DeleteStdIO(consoleWriteMsg);
DeleteStdIO(consoleRead Msg);
DeletePort(consoleWritePort);
DeletePort(consoleReadPort);

If you have finished with the window used for the console device, you can now close it.

Example Program

The following is a console device demonstration program with supporting macro routines.

/* cons.c */

/* This program is supported by the Amiga C compiler, version 1.1 and beyond.
* (v1.0 compiler has difficulties if string variables do not have their initial

* character aligned on a longword boundary. Compiles acceptably but won’t run
* correctly.)

*

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ”exec/io.h”
#include ”exec/memory.h”

#include ” graphics/gfx.h”
#include ”hardware/dmabits.h”
#include ”hardware/custom.h”
#include ”hardware/blit.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxmacros.h”
#include ” graphics/copper.h”
#include ” graphics/view.h”
#include ” graphics/gels.h”
#include ” graphics /regions.h”
#include ” graphics/clip.h”
#include ” exec/exec.h”
#include ” graphics /text.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxbase.h”

#include ” devices /console.h”
#include ”devices/keymap.h”

#include ” libraries/dos.h”

308 Console Device

#include ” graphics /text.h”
#include ” libraries/diskfont.h”
#include ” intuition /intuition.h”

UBYTE escdata[| = { Ox9b, ’@’,
Ox9b, ’A’,
Ox9b, ’B’,
Ox9b, ’C’,
Ox9b, ’D’,
Ox9b, ’E’,
Ox9b, ’F’,
Ox9b, ’J’,
Ox9b, ’K’,
Ox9b, ’L’,
Ox9b, "M’,
Ox9b, ’P’,
Ox9b, ’S’,
Ox9b, ’T’,
Oxlb, ’c’,
Ox9b, ’q’,
Ox9b, ’n’,
Ox9b,’’, ’p’
Ox9b,

Ox9b,

» PP,
0’, ) “ Dp’,
Ox9b,
}

Op? ITV? IRD
2,0’, *h’,
96)? ITV? 779
2-0. 1,

)

/* insert character */

/* cursor up */

/* cursor down */

/* cursor left */

/* cursor right */

/* cursor next line */

/* cursor prev line */

/* erase to end of display */
/* erase to end of line */
/* insert line */

/* delete line */

/* delete character */

/* scroll up */

/* scroll down */

/* reset to initial state */
/* window status request */
/* device status report */
/* cursor on */

/* cursor off */

/* set mode */

/* reset mode */

/* COVER A SELECTED SUBSET OF THE CONSOLE AVAILABLE FUNCTIONS */

#define INSERTCHARSTRING
#define CURSUPSTRING
#define CURSDOWNSTRING
#-define CURSFWDSTRING
#define CURSBAKSTRING
#define CURSNEXTLINE
#define CURSPREVLINE
#define ERASEEODSTRING
#define ERASEEOLSTRING
#define INSERTLINESTRING
#define DELETELINESTRING
#-define DELCHARSTRING
#define SCROLLUPSTRING
#-define SCROLLDOWNSTRING
#define RESETINITSTRING

#define WINDOWSTATSTRING

&escdata|0|
&escdata|0+2]
&escdata|0+4]
&escdata|0+6|
&escdata/0+8]
&escdata[0+10]
‘&escdata/0+12]
&escdata|0+14|
&escdata|0+16]
&escdata|0+18]
&escdata|0+20]
&escdata/0+22]
S&escdata|0+24|
&escdata|0+26|
&escdata[0+28]
&escdata|0+30]

Console Device 309

#define DEVSTATSTRING
#define CURSONSTRING
#define CURSOFFSTRING
#define SETMODESTRING
#define RESETMODESTRING

#define BACKSPACE(r)
#-define TAB(r)

#define LINEFEED(r)
#define VERTICALTAB(r)
#define FORMFEED(r)
#define CR(r)

#define SHIFTOUT(r)
#define SHIFTIN(r)
#define CLEARSCREEN(r)

#define RESET(r)

#define INSERT(r)
#define CURSUP(r)
#define CURSDOWN(r)
#define CURSF WD(r)
#define CURSBAK(r)
#define CURSNEXTLN(r)
#define CURSPREVLN(r)
#define ERASEEOD(r)
#define ERASEEOL(r)
#define INSERTLINE(r)
#define DELETELINE(r)
#define SCROLLUP(r)
#define SCROLLDOWN(r)
#define DEVICESTATUS(r)
#define WINDOWSTATUS(r)
#define DELCHAR(r)
#define CURSORON(r)
#define CURSOROFF(r)
#define SETMODE(r)
#define RESETMODE(r)

#-define CloseConsole(r)
ULONG DosBase;
ULONG DiskfontBase;

ULONG IntuitionBase;
ULONG GfxBase;

310 Console Device

S&escdata|0+32|
&escdata|0+34|
&escdata|0+37|
S&escdata|0+41|
&escdata|0+45]

ConPutChar(r,0x08)
ConPutChar(r,0x09)
ConPutChar(r,0x0a)
ConPutChar(r,0x0b)
ConPutChar(r,0x0c)
ConPutChar(r,0x0d)
ConPutChar(r,0x0e)
ConPutChar(r,0x0f)
ConPutChar(r,0x0c)

Con Write(r,RESETINITSTRING, 2)
ConWrite(r, INSERTCHARSTRING,2)
Con Write(r,CURSUPSTRING,2)

Con Write(r, CURSDOWNSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, CURSF WDSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, CURSBAKSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, CURSNEXTLINE,2)
ConWrite(r, CURSPREVLINE,2)

Con Write(r, ERASEEODSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, ERASEEOLSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, INSERTLINESTRING,2)
Con Write(r, DELETELINESTRING,2)
Con Write(r, SCROLLUPSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, SCROLLDOWNSTRING,2)
ConWrite(r,DEVSTATSTRING,2)
Con Write(r, WINDOWSTATSTRING, 2)
Con Write(r, DELCHARSTRING,2)
ConWrite(r, CURSONSTRING,3)
ConWrite(r, CURSOFFSTRING,4)
Con Write(r, SETMODESTRING, 4)
Con Write(r, RESETMODESTRING, 4)

CloseDevice(r)

struct NewWindow nw = {

10, 10, /* starting position (left,top) */
620,90, /* width, height */

-1,-1, /* detailpen, blockpen */

0 /* flags for idcmp */

WINDOWDEPTH]|WINDOWSIZING|WINDOWDRAG|SIMPLE_REFRESH
|ACTIVATE|GIMMEZEROZERO, /* window gadget flags */

O, /* pointer to Ist user gadget */
NULL, /* pointer to user check */
”Console Test”, /* title */

NULL, /* pointer to window screen */
NULL, /* pointer to super bitmap */
100,45, /* min width, height */
640,200, /* max width, height */
WBENCHSCREEN};

struct Window *w;
struct RastPort *rp;

struct IOStdReq *consoleWriteMsg; /* I/O request block pointer */

struct MsgPort *consoleWritePort; /* a port at which to receive */
struct IOStdReq *consoleReadMsg; /* I/O request block pointer */
struct MsgPort *consoleReadPort; /* a port at which to receive */

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct I[OStdReq *CreateStdIO();

char readstring|200]; /* provides a buffer even though using only one char */

main()

{

SHORT 1;
SHORT status;
SHORT problem;
SHORT error;
problem — QO;

if((DosBase = OpenLibrary(” dos.library”, 0)) =— NULL)
{ problem = 1; goto cleanup]; }
if((DiskfontBase—OpenLibrary(” diskfont.library” ,0))=—NULL)
{ problem = 2; goto cleanup2; }
if((IntuitionBase=OpenLibrary(” intuition. library” ,0))—=—NULL)
{ problem = 3; goto cleanup3; }
if((GfxBase—OpenLibrary(” graphics.library” ,0))——NULL)

Console Device 311

{ problem = 4; goto cleanup4; }

consoleWritePort = CreatePort(” my.con.write” ,O);
if(consoleWritePort == 0)

{ problem = 5; goto cleanup5; }
consoleWriteMsg = CreateStdIO(consoleWritePort);
if(consoleWritePort == 0)

{ problem = 6; goto cleanup6; }

consoleReadPort = CreatePort(” my.con.read” ,O);
if(consoleReadPort == 0)

{ problem = 7; goto cleanup7; }
consoleReadMsg = CreateStdIO(consoleReadPort);
if(consoleReadPort == 0)

{ problem = 8; goto cleanup8; }

w = (struct Window *)OpenWindow(&nw); /* create a window */
if(w == NULL)
{ problem = 9; goto cleanup9; }

rp = w->RPort; /* establish its rastport for later */

/* 7K OK OK 2K 2 2 EK EK 2 2K 2K 2K 2 KK 2K eK 2 2 2 2k 2 2 2K 2 2 2K 2K 2 KK 2 2c 2 2 2 2h 2 KK EK 2 2 2K 2 2 2 2 2 fe ie ote 2g 2 2 2 ok 6 Ek + /

/* NOW, Begin using the actual console macros defined above. + /
[ROBBIE AGG E COGS EE IIA CI ICICI ER aE /

error = OpenConsole(consoleWriteMsg,consoleReadMsg,w);
if(error != 0)

{ problem = 10; goto cleanup10; }

/* attach a console to this window, initialize

* for both write and read */

QueueRead(consoleReadMsg, &readstring(0]); /* tell console where to
* put a character that
* it wants to give me

* and queue up first read */
ConWrite(console WriteMsg,” Hello, World\r\n” 14);

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing BACKSPACE” );
for(i=0; 1<10; i++)

{ BACKSPACE(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing TAB\r”);

312 Console Device

for(i=0; 1<6; i++)
{ TAB(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing LINEFEED\r”);
for(i=0; i<4; i++)
{ LINEFEED(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing VERTICALTAB\r”);
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)
{ VERTICALTAB(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing FORMFEED\r” );
Delay(30);
for(i=0; 1<2; i++)

{ FORMFEED(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CR”);
Delay(30);

CR(consoleWriteMsg);

Delay(60);

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing INSERT\r”);
for(i=0; i<4; i++)

{ INSERT(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing DELCHAR\r” );
CR(consoleWriteMsg);
for(i=O0; 1<4; i++)

{ DELCHAR(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing INSERTLINE\r” );
CR(consoleWriteMsg);

Console Device 313

for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{ INSERTLINE(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing DELETELINE\r’ );
CR(consoleWriteMsg);
LINEFEED(consoleWriteMsg);
Delay(60);
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{ DELETELINE(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSUP\r” );
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{ CURSUP(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSDOWN\r”);
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{ CURSDOWN(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSF WD\r”);
for(i=0; i<4; i++)

{ CURSFWD(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSBAK”);
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{ CURSBAK(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSPREVLN?” );
for(i=0; i<4; i++)

{ CURSPREVLN(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSNEXTLN”);

for(i=0; 1<4; i++)
{ CURSNEXTLN(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

314 Console Device

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing ERASEEOD”);
CURSPREVLN(consoleWriteMsg);
CURSPREVLN(consoleWriteMsg);
CURSPREVLN(consoleWriteMsg);
Delay (60);
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{ ERASEEOD(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing ERASEEOL. junk”);
CURSBAK(consoleWriteMsg);
CURSBAK(consoleWriteMsg);
CURSBAK(consoleWriteMsg);
( )
( )

)

CURSBAK(consoleWriteMsg
CURSBAK(consoleWriteMsg
Delay(60);
ERASEEOL(consoleWriteMsg);
Delay(30);
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

)

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing SCROLLUP”);
for(i=0; i<4; i++)
{ SCROLLUP(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing SCROLLDOWN?”);
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \n\n\n” );
for(i=0; 1<4; i++)

{ SCROLLDOWN(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30); }

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n”);

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSOROFF” );
CURSOROFF(consoleWriteMsg);
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg, ” printed.with.cursor.off” );
Delay(60);

ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” \r\n” );

CURSORON(consoleWriteMsg); Delay(30);
ConPutStr(consoleWriteMsg,” testing CURSORON?” );

Console Device 315

/* OOO RO IO oR km kok kk aR kk ak ak a kok ak * /

Delay(120); /* wait 2 seconds (120/60 ticks) */

status = CheckIO(consoleReadMsg); /* see if console read

* anything, abort if not */
if(status =— FALSE) AbortIO(consoleRead Msg);
WaitPort(consoleRead Port); /* wait for abort to complete */
GetMsg(consoleRead Port); /* and strip message from port */

CloseConsole(console WriteMsg);
cleanupl0:
cleanup9:
CloseWindow(w);
cleanup8:
DeleteStdIO(consoleRead Msg);
cleanup7:
DeletePort(consoleReadPort);
cleanup6:
DeleteStdIO(consoleWriteMsg);
cleanups:
DeletePort(consoleWritePort);
cleanup4:
CloseLibrary(GfxBase);
cleanups:
CloseLibrary(IntuitionBase);
cleanup2:
CloseLibrary(DiskfontBase);
cleanupl:
CloseLibrary(DosBase);
if(problem > 0) exit(problem+1000);
else
return(0);

} /* end of main() */

/* Open a console device */

/* this function returns a value of 0 if the console
* device opened correctly and a nonzero value (the error
* returned from OpenDevice) if there was an error.

vi

int
OpenConsole(writerequest,readrequest, window)

316 Console Device

struct IOStdReq *writerequest;
struct IOStdReq *readrequest;
struct Window *window;

{

}

int error;

writerequest- >io_Data = (APTR) window;
writerequest- >io_Length = sizeof(*window);

error = OpenDevice(” console.device”, 0, writerequest, 0);
readrequest- >10_Device = writerequest- >io_Device;

readrequest- >io_Unit = writerequest->io_Unit;
/* clone required parts of the request */
return(error);

/* Output a single character to a specified console */

int

ConPutChar(request,character)
struct IOStdReq *request;
char character;

{

}

request- >10_Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >io_Data = (APTR)&character;
request- >1i0_Length = 1;
DolO(request);
/* command works because DolO blocks until command is
* done (otherwise pointer to the character could become
* invalid in the meantime).
*
/

return(0);

/* Output a stream of known length to a console */

int

Con Write(request,string,length)
struct LOStdReq *request;
char *string;
int length;

{

request- >10_Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >io_Data = (APTR)string;
request- >io_Length = length;
DolO(request);

/* command works because DolO blocks until command is

Console Device 317

* done (otherwise pointer to string could become
* invalid in the meantime).

ry

return(0);

j
/* Output a NULL-terminated string of characters to a console */

int
ConPutStr(request,string)

struct IOStdReq *request;

char *string;

{
request- >10_Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >io_Data = (APTR)string;
request- >io_Length = -1; /* tells console to end when it sees

* a terminating zero on the string. */

DolO(request);
return(0);

}

/* queue up a read request to a console, show where to put the
* character when ready to be returned. Most efficient if this is
* called right after console is opened */

int
QueueRead(request, whereto)

struct IOStdReq *request;

char *whereto;

{
request- >i0o_Command = CMD_READ;
request->io_Data = (APTR)whereto;
request- >10_Length = 1;
SendIO(request);
return(0);

j

/* see if there is a character to read. If none, don’t wait,
* come back with a value of -1 */

int

ConMay GetChar(request,requestPort, whereto)
struct IOStdReq *request;
char *whereto;

{

318 Console Device

register temp;

if ( GetMsg(requestPort) == NULL ) return(-1);
temp = *whereto;

QueueRead(request, whereto);

return(temp);

}

/* go and get a character; put the task to sleep if
* there isn’t one present */

UBYTE
ConGetChar(consolePort,request, whereto)
struct IOStdReq *request;
struct MsgPort *consolePoft;
char *whereto;
{
register UBYTE temp;
while((GetMsg(consolePort) === NULL)) WaitPort(consolePort);

temp = *whereto; /* get the character */
QueueRead(request, whereto):;
return(temp);

Console Device 319

Chapter 9

Input Device

This chapter describes the Amiga input device, which is a combination of three other
devices: keyboard device, gameport device, and timer device. The input device merges separate
input event streams from the keyboard, mouse, and timer into a single stream. This single

stream can then be interpreted by the prioritized linked list of input handlers that are watching
the input stream.

Note that two additional messages can appear in the input stream: “‘disk inserted’’ and “disk

removed.” These messages come from AmigaDOS and are sent to the input device for further
propagation.

Input Device 321

Introduction

The input device is automatically opened by AmigaDOS by any call to open the console device.
When the input device is opened, a task, appropriately named “‘input.device’’, is started. The
input device task communicates directly with the keyboard device to obtain raw key inputs. It
also communicates with the gameport device to obtain mouse button and mouse movement
events and with the timer device to obtain time events. In addition to these event streams, you
can also directly input an event to the input device, to be fed to the handler chain. This topic
is also covered below.

The keyboard device is also accessible directly (see chapter 10). However, while the input device

task is operating, that task attempts to retrieve all incoming keyboard events and add them to
the input stream.

The gameport device has two units. As you view the Amiga, looking at the gameport connec-
tors, connector ‘‘l”’ is assigned as the primary mouse input for Intuition and contributes
gameport input events to the input event stream. Connector ‘‘2”’ is handled by the other
gameport unit and is currently unassigned. Each unit of the gameport device is an exclusive
access object, in that you can specify what type of controller is attached. It is then assumed
that only one task is sending requests for input from that unit. While the input device task is
running, that task expects to read the input from connector 1. Direct use of the gameport dev-
ice is covered in a separate chapter of this manual.

The timer device provides time events for the input device. It also provides time interval reports
for controlling key repeat rate and key repeat threshold. The timer device is a shared-access
device and is described in its own separate chapter.

Input Device Commands

The input device allows the following system functions:

Command Operation

OpenDevice() Obtain shared use of the input device
CloseDevice() Relinquish use of the input device

DoIO() Initiate a command, and wait for it to complete
SendIO() Initiate a command, and return immediately
AbortIO() Abort a command already in the queue

322 Input Device

Only the Start, Stop, Invalid, and Flush commands have been implemented for this device. All
other commands are no-operations.

The input device also supports the device-specific commands shown in table 9-1.

I/O Command

IND_WRITEEVENT
IND_ADDHANDLER
IND_REMHANDLER
IND_SETTHRESH
IND_SETPERIOD
IND_SETMPORT
IND_SETMTRIG

IND_SETMTYPE

Table 9-1: Input Device Commands

Operation

Propagate an input event stream to all devices
Add an input-stream handler into the handler chain
Remove an input-stream handler from the handler chain
Set the repeating key hold-down time before repeat starts
Set the period at which a repeating key repeats.
Set the gameport port to which the mouse is connected
Read conditions that must be met by a mouse before

a pending read request will be satisfied
Set the type of device at the mouse port

The device-specific commands outlined above are described in the following paragraphs. A
description of the contents of an input event is given first because the input device deals in
input events. An input event is a data structure that describes the following:

O

O

The class of the event—often describes the device that generated the event

The subclass of the event —space for more information if needed

The code— keycode if keyboard, button information if mouse, others

A qualifier such as “Alt key also down,”’ “key repeat active”’

A position field that contains a data address or a mouse position count

A time stamp, showing the sequence in which events have occurred

A link-field by which input events are linked together

The various types of input events are listed in the include file devices/inputevent.h. That infor-
mation is not repeated here. You can find more information about input events in the chapters
titled ‘““Gameport Device’’ and ‘‘Console Device.”’

There is a difference between simply receiving an input event from a device (gameport, key-
board, or console) and actually becoming a handler of an input event stream. A handler is a
routine that is passed an input event, and it is up to the handler to decide if it can process the

Input Device 323

input event. If the handler does not recognize the event, it passes the address of the event as a
return value.

Because of the input event field called ie_ NextEvent, it is possible for the input event to be a
pointer to the first event in a linked list of events to be handled. Thus, the handler should be
designed to handle multiple events if such a link is used. Note that handlers can themselves
generate new linked lists of events which can be passed down to lower priority handlers.

IND_ADDHANDLER COMMAND

You add a handler to the chain using the command IND_ADDHANDLER. Assuming that you
have a properly initialized an IOStdReq block as a result of a call to OpenDevice() (for the
input device), here is a typical C-language call to the IND-ADDHANDLER function:

struct Interrupt handlerStuff;
handlerStuff.is_Data = &hsData;

/* address of its data area */
handlerStuff.is_Code = myhandler;

/* address of entry point to handler */
handlerStuff.is_Node.lIn_Pri = 51;

/* set the priority one step higher than Intuition, so that our

* handler enters the chain ahead of Intuition.

a

/

inputRequestBlock.io_Command = IND_ADDHANDLER;
inputRequestBlock.io_Data = &handlerStuff;

DolIO(&inputRequestBlock);
Notice from the above that Intuition is one of the input device handlers and normally distri-
butes all of the input events. Intuition inserts itself at priority position 50. You can choose the
position in the chain at which your handler will be inserted by setting the priority field in the
list-node part of the interrupt data structure you are feeding to this routine.
Note also that any processing time expended by a handler subtracts from the time available

before the next event happens. Therefore, handlers for the input stream must be fast.

Rules for Input Device Handlers

The following rules should be followed when you are designing an input handler:

324 Input Device

o If an input handler is capable of processing a specific kind of an input event and that
event has no links (ie_NextEvent = 0), the handler can end the handler chain by
returning a NULL (0) value.

o If there are multiple events linked together, the handler is free to delink an event from

the input event chain, thereby passing a shorter list of events to subsequent handlers.
The starting address of the modified list is the return value.

o If a handler wishes to add new events to the chain that it passes to a lower-priority
handler, it may initialize memory to contain the new event or event chain. The
handler, when it again gets control on the next round of event handling, should assume
nothing about the current contents of the memory blocks it attached to the event
chain. Lower priority handlers may have modified the memory as they handled their
part of the event. The handler that allocates the memory for this purpose should keep
track of the starting address and the size of this memory chunk so that the memory can
be returned to the free memory list when it is no longer needed.

Your routine should be structured so that it can be called as though from the following C-
language statement:

newEventChain = yourHandlerCode(oldEventChain, yourHandlerData);
where
o yourHandlerCode is the entry point to your routine
o oldEventChain is the starting address for the current chain of input events

o newEventChain is the starting address of an event chain which you are passing to the
next handler, if any

A NULL (0) value terminates the handling.

Memory that you use to describe a new input event that you have added to the event chain 1s
available for reuse or deallocation when the handler is called again or after the

IND_REMHANDLER command for the handler is complete.
Because IND_ADDHANDLER installs a handler in any position in the handler chain, it can, for

example, ignore specific types of input events as well as act upon and modify existing streams of
input. It can even create new input events for Intuition or other programs to interpret.

Input Device 325

IND_REMHANDLER COMMAND

You remove a handler from the handler chain with the command IND _REMHANDLER.
Assuming that you have a properly initialized [OStdReq block as a result of a call to
OpenDevice() (for the input device) and you have already added the handler using
IND_ADDHANDLER, here is a typical C-language call to the IND-REMHANDLER function:

inputRequestBlock.io_ Command = IND_REMHANDLER;
inputRequestBlock.io_Data = &handlerStuff;
/* tell it which one to remove */

DolO(&inputRequestBlock);

IND_WRITEEVENT COMMAND

As noted in the overview of this chapter, input events are normally generated by the timer dev-
ice, keyboard device or gameport device. A user can also generate an input event and send it to
the input device. It will then be treated as any other event and passed through to the input
handler chain. You can create your own stream of events and then send them to the input dev-
ice using the IND_WRITEEVENT command. Here is an example, assuming a correctly initial-

ized input_request_block. The example sends in a single event, which is a phony mouse-
movement:

struct InputEvent phony;

input_request_block.io_Command = IND_WRITEEVENT;
input_request_block.io_Flags = 0;
input_request_block.io_Length = sizeof(struct InputEvent);
input_request_block.io_Data = &phony;

phony.ie_NextEvent = NULL; /* only one */
phony.ie_Class = IECLASS_RAWMOUSE;
phony.ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs = 0;
phony.ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro = 0;
phony.ie_Code = IEFCODE_NOBUTTON;
phony.ie_Qualifier = IFEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE;
phony.ie_X = 10;
phony.ie_Y = 5;
/* mouse didn’t move, but program made system think that it did. */
DolIO(&input_request_block);

Note: This command adds the input event to the end of the current event stream. The system

links other events onto the end of this event, thus modifying the contents of the data structure
you constructed in the first place.

326 Input Device

IND_SETTHRESH COMMAND

This command sets the timing in seconds and microseconds for the input device to indicate how
long a user must hold down a key before it begins to repeat. This command is normally per-
formed by the Preferences tool or by Intuition when it notices that the Preferences have been
changed. If you wish, you can call this function. The following typical sequence assumes that

you have already correctly initialized the request block by opening the input device. Only the
fields shown here need be initialized.

struct InputEvent thresh_event;

input_request_block.io_Command = IND_SETTHRESH;
input_request_block.io_Flags = 0;
input_request_block.io_Data = &thresh_event;

thresh_event.ie_NextEvent = 0;
thresh_event.ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs = 1; /* one second */
thresh_event.ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro = 500000;

/* 500,000 microseconds = 1/2 second */
DolIO(&input_request_block);

IND_SETPERIOD COMMAND

This command sets the time period between key repeat events once the initial period threshold
has elapsed. Again, it is a command normally issued by Intuition and preset by the Preferences

tool. A typical calling sequence is as shown above; change the command number and the timing
period values to suit your application.

Input Device and Intuition

There are several ways to receive information from the various devices that are part of the
input device. The first way is to communicate directly with the device. This way is, as
specified above, occasionally undesirable (while the input device task is running). The second

way is to become a handler for the stream of events which the input device produces. That
method is also shown above.

The third method of getting input from the input device is to retrieve the data from the console
device or from the IDCMP (Intuition Direct Communications Message Port).

Input Device 327

If you choose this third method, you should be aware of what happens to input events if your
task chooses not to respond to them. If there is no active window and no active console, then
input events (keystrokes or left-button mouse clicks usually) will simply be ignored. If, how-
ever, there is an active window (yours), and you choose to simply let the messages pile up
without responding to them as quickly as possible, here is what happens:

o Another event occurs. If the system has no empty message that it can fill in to report
this new event, then memory is dynamically allocated to hold this new information and
the new message is transmitted to the message port for the task.

o When the task finally responds to the message, the allocated memory is not returned to
the system until the window is closed. Therefore, a task that chooses not to respond to
its incoming messages for a long period of time can potentially remove a great deal of
memory from the system free-memory list, making that memory space unavailable to
this or other tasks until this task is completed.

Thus it 1s always a good idea to respond to input messages as quickly as possible to maximize
the amount of free memory in the system while your task is running.

Sample Program

/* Sample program for adding an input handler to the input stream
* Note that compiling this program native on the Amiga requires
* a separate compile for this program, a separate assembly for the
* handler.interface.asm, and a separate alink phase. Alink will
* be used to tie together the object files produced by the separate
* language phases. If compiling under Amiga C, disable stack checking
* code in pass 2 of the compiler ( e.g., lc2 -v filename.q).
k

Linking information:

inputdev.with:

TO inputdev
LIBRARY lhib:le.lib, ib:amiga.lib

-

ok
*
*
* FROM lib:Lstartup.obj,inputdev.o, input.timerstuff.o, handler.interface.o
*
*

#include <exec/types.h >
#include <exec/ports.h >
#include <exec/memory.h>
#include <exec/io.h>
#include <exec/tasks.h >

328 Input Device

#include <exec/interrupts.h >
#include <devices/input.h>
#include <exec/devices.h >
#include <devices/inputevent.h >

#define FIKEYUP OxDO
struct InputEvent copyevent; /* local copy of the event */
/* assumes never has a next.event attached */
struct MsgPort *inputDevPort;
struct I[OStdReq *inputRequestBlock;
struct Interrupt handlerStuff;

struct InputEvent dummyEvent;

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct I[OStdReq *CreateStdIO();

struct MemEntry me([10];

/* If we want the input handler itself to add anything to the

* input stream, we will have to keep track of any dynamically

* allocated memory so that we can later return it to the system.
* Other handlers can break any internal links the handler puts
* in before it passes the input events.

+)

struct InputEvent

*myhandler(ev, mydata)
struct InputEvent *ev;/* and a pointer to a list of events */
struct MemEntry *mydatal||;
/* system will pass me a pointer to my own data space. */

/* Demo version of program simply reports input events as
* its sees them; passes them on unchanged. Also, if there
* is a linked chain of input events, reports only the lead
* one in the chain, for simplicity.
+)

if(ev- >ie_Class === IECLASS_TIMER)

}

/* don’t try to print timer events!!! they come every 1/10th sec. */
else

return(ev);

Forbid(); /* don’t allow a mix of events to be reported */

Input Device 329

copyevent.ie_Class = ev- >1e_Class;

copyevent.ie_SubClass = ev->ie_SubClass;

copyevent.ie_Code = ev->1e_Code;

copyevent.ie_Qualifier = ev- >ie_Qualifier;

copyevent.le_X == ev->1ie_X;

copyevent.ie_Y = ev->1e_Y;

copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs = ev->1e_TimeStamp.tv_secs;
copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro = ev- >ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro;
Permit();

}

/* There will be lots of events coming through here;

* rather than make the system slow down because something
* is busy printing the previous event, let’s just print what

* we find is current, and if we miss a few, so be it.

*

* Normally this loop would ”handle” the event or perhaps

* add a new one to the stream. (At this level, the only

* events you should really be adding are mouse, rawkey or timer,
* because you are ahead of the intuition interpreter.)

* No printing is done in this loop (lets main() do it) because
* printf can’t be done by anything less than a ’process’
return(ev);

/* pass on the pointer to the event (most handlers would

* pass on a pointer to a changed or an unchanged stream)

* (we are simply reporting what is seen, not trying to

* modify it in any way) */

}

/* NOTICE: THIS PROGRAM LINKS ITSELF INTO THE INPUT STREAM AHEAD OF
* INTUITION. THEREFORE THE ONLY INPUT EVENTS THAT IT WILL SEE AT

* ALL ARE TIMER, KEYBOARD AND GAMEPORT. AS NOTED IN THE PROGRAM,
* THE TIMER EVENTS ARE IGNORED DELIBERATELY */

extern struct Task *FindTask();
struct Task *mytask;

LONG mysignal;

extern VOID HandlerInterface();

struct timerequest *mytimerRequest;
extern struct timerequest *PrepareTimer();

extern int WaitTimer();
extern int DeleteTimer();

330 Input Device

main()

{

SHORT error;
ULONG oldseconds, oldmicro, oldclass;

/* init dummy event, this is what we will feed to other handlers
* while this handler is active */

dummyEvent.ie_Class = IECLASS_NULL; /* no event happened */
dummyEvent.ie_NextEvent = NULL; /* only this one in the chain */

inputDevPort — CreatePort(0,0); /* for input device */

if(inputDevPort =— NULL) exit(-1); /* error during createport */
inputRequestBlock — CreateStdIO(inputDevPort);
if(inputRequestBlock == 0) { DeletePort(inputDevPort); exit(-2); }

/* error during createstdio */

mytimerRequest = PrepareTimer();
if(mytimerRequest === NULL) exit(-3);

handlerStuff.is_Data = (APTR)&me(0);

/* address of its data area */
handlerStuff.is_Code = HandlerInterface;

/* address of entry point to handler */
handlerStuff.is_Node.In_Pri = 51;

/* set the priority one step higher than

* Intuition, so that our handler enters

* the chain ahead of Intuition.

+)
error = OpenDevice(” input.device” ,O,inputRequestBlock,0);
if(error == 0) printf(”\nOpened the input device”);

inputRequestBlock- >i0_Command = IND_ADDHANDLER;
inputRequestBlock- >io_Data = (APTR)&handlerStuff;

DolO(inputRequestBlock);
copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs = 0;
copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro = 0;
copyevent.ie_Class = 0;

oldseconds = QO;

oldmicro = 0;

oldclass —0;

for(;;) /* FOREVER */
{

Input Device 331

WaitForTimer(mytimerRequest, 0, 100000);
/* TRUE = wait; time = 1/10th second */

/* note: while this task is asleep, it is very very likely that
* one or more events will indeed pass through the input handler.
* This task will only print a few of them, but won’t intermix
* the pieces of the input event itself because of the Forbid()
* and Permit() (not allow task swapping when a data structure
+ isn’t internally consistent)
*
/
if(copyevent.ie_Class === IECLASS_RAWKEY && copyevent.ie_Code == FIKEYUP)

break; /* exit from forever */
else
{
Forbid();
if(copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs != oldseconds ||
copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro !== oldmicro ||
copyevent.ie_Class != oldclass )

oldseconds = copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs;
oldmicro = copyevent.ie_TimeStamp.tv_micro;
oldclass = copyevent.ie_Class;
showEvents( &copyevent);
}
Permit();
}
}
/* Although this task sleeps (main loop), the handler is independently
* called by the input device.

a?

/* For keystrokes that might be recognized by AmigaDOS, such as
* alphabetic or numeric keys, you will notice that after the

* first such keystroke, AmigaDOS appears to lock out your task

* and accepts all legal keystrokes until you finally hit return.

* This is absolutely true.... when both you and AmigaDOS try to
* write into the same window, as is true if you run this program

* from the CLI, the first keystroke recognized by AmigaDOS locks
* the layer into which it is writing. Any other task trying

* to write into this same layer is put to sleep. This allows

* AmigaDOS to edit the input line and prevents other output to
* that same window from upsetting the input line appearance.

* In the same manner, while your task is sending a line of output,

* AmigaDOS can be put to sleep it too must output at that time.
*

332 Input Device

* You can avoid this problem if you wish by opening up a separate
* window and a console device attached to that window, and output
* strings to that console. If you click the selection button on

* this new window, then AmigaDOS won’t see the input and your

* task will get to see all of the keystrokes. The other alternative

* you can use, for demonstration sake, is to:

*

* 1. Make the AmigaDOS window slightly smaller in the
* vertical direction.

* 2. Then click in the Workbench screen area outside

* of any window.

*

* Now there is no console device (particularly not AmigaDOS’s
* console) receiving the raw key stream and your task will report
* as many keystrokes as it can catch (while not sleeping, that is).

+)

/* remove the handler from the chain */
inputRequestBlock->io_Command = IND_REMHANDLER;
inputRequestBlock- >io_Data = (APTR)&handlerStuff;
DolO(inputRequestBlock);

/* close the input device */
CloseDevice(inputRequestBlock);

/* delete the IO request */
DeleteStdIO(inputRequestBlock);

/* free other system stuff */
DeletePort(inputDevPort);
DeleteTimer(mytimerRequest);

\ /* end of main */

int

showEvents(e)

struct InputEvent *e;

{
printf(” \n\nNew Input Event”);
printf(” \nie_Class = %lx” ,e- >ie_Class);
printf(” \nie_SubClass = %lx” ,e- >ie_SubClass);
printf(” \nie_Code = %lx”, e->ie_Code);
printf(” \nie_Qualifier = %lx” ,e- >ie_Qualifier);
printf(”\nie_X = %ld”, e->ie_X);

printf(”\nie_Y = %ld”, e->ie_Y);

printf(”\nie_TimeStamp(seconds) = %lx”, e- >ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs);

Input Device 333

return(0);

}

/* input.timerstuff.c */

# include
# include
#include
#:include
# include
#include
# include
#include
#include
#include
#-include
#include

” exec /types.h”

” exec /nodes.h”

” exec /lists.h”
”exec/memory.h”
” exec /interrupts.h”
” exec /ports.h”

” exec /libraries.h”
” exec /io.h”

” exec /tasks.h”

” exec /execbase.h”
” exec /devices.h”

” devices /timer.h”

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct [ORequest *CreateExtIO();

struct timerequest
+*PrepareTimer(precision)

SHORT precision;

{

/* return a pointer to a time request. If any problem, return NULL */

int error;

SHORT whichunit;

struct MsgPort *timerport;
struct timerequest *timermsg;

timerport = CreatePort(0,0);
if (timerport == NULL)

return(NULL); /* error during CreatePort */

timermsg = (struct timerequest *)

CreateExtIO(timerport,sizeof(struct timerequest));

if (timermsg === NULL)

{

DeletePort(timerport);
return(NULL); /* error during CreateExtIO */

}

334 Input Device

}

int

if(precision ) /* if true, use precision timer ( under 1 second ) */
whichunit = UNIT_MICROHZ;

else

whichunit = UNIT_VBLANK;

error = OpenDevice(TIMERNAME, whichunit, timermsg, 0);
if (error !== 0)

DeleteExtIO(timermsg,sizeof(struct timerequest));
DeletePort(timerport);

return(NULL); /* Error during OpenDevice */
}

return(timermsg);

WaitForTimer(tr,seconds,microseconds)
ULONG seconds,microseconds;
struct timerequest *tr;

{

tr- >tr_node.io_Command = TR_ADDREQUEST; /* add a new timer request */

tr- >tr_time.tv_secs = seconds; /* seconds */
tr- > tr_time.tv_micro = microseconds; /* microseconds */
DolO( tr ); /* post request to the timer */
/* goes to sleep till done */
return(0);
}
int
DeleteTimer(tr)

struct timerequest *tr;

{

struct MsgPort *tp;

tp = tr->tr_node.io_Message.mn_Reply Port;
if(tr !== 0)

CloseDevice(tr);
DeleteExtIO(tr,sizeof(struct timerequest));

j

if(tp != 0)
DeletePort(tp);

return(0);

Input Device 335

* handler.interface.asm

Cette te tet eter Cet Steet eC err ret rr crt er eter erttrtterc rrr rrrererrr rere ts S.
HandlerInterface()

This code is needed to convert the calling sequence performed by
the input.task for the input stream management into something
that a C program can understand.

This routine expects a pointer to an InputEvent in AO, a pointer
to a data area in Al. These values are transferred to the stack

in the order that a C program would need to find them. Since the
actual handler is written in C, this works out fine.

*¥ &* &* &* &* &F¥ F&F F&F FF F

XREF _myhandler
XDEF —_HandlerInterface

_HandlerInterface:
MOVEM.L A0O/A1,-(A7) ; save registers
JSR _myhandler_ ; go to the C language routine we provided
ADDQ.L #8 ,A7 ; restore the registers on the way out.
RTS
END

336 Input Device

Chapter 10

Keyboard Device

Introduction

The keyboard device gives system access to the Amiga keyboard. When you send this device
the command to read one or more keystrokes from the keyboard, for each keystroke (whether
key-up or key-down) the keyboard device creates a data structure called an input event to
describe what happened. A keyboard input event includes the key code (including up or down
transition status), information about the current state of the left and right Shift keys, and
whether the key came from the numeric keypad area.

Keyboard Device 337

Thus, the keyboard device provides more information than simply the “raw” key input that
might be obtained by directly reading the hardware registers. In addition, the keyboard device
can buffer keystrokes for you. If your task takes more time to process prior keystrokes, the key-
board device senses additional keystrokes and saves several keystrokes as a type-ahead feature.
If your task takes an exceptionally long time to read this information from the keyboard, any
keystrokes queued up beyond the number the system can handle will be ignored. Normally, the
input device task processes these keyboard events, turning them into input device events so that
no keystrokes are lost. You can find more information about keyboard event-queuing in the
chapter, ‘Input Device,’ in the topic titled “Input Device and Intuition.”

Keyboard Device Commands

The keyboard device allows the following system functions. The system functions operate
normally.

Command Operation

OpenDevice() Obtain shared use of the keyboard device
CloseDevice() Relinquish use of the keyboard device

DoIO() Initiate a command, and wait for it to complete
SendIO() Initiate a command, and return immediately
AbortIO() Abort a command already in the queue

The keyboard device also responds to the following commands:

I/O Command Operation

KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER Add a reset handler to the device
KBD_REMRESETHANDLER Remove a reset handler from the device
KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE _ Indicate that a handler has completed
its job and reset could possibly occur now
KBD_READMATRIX Read the state of every key in the keyboard
KBD_READEVENT Read one (or more) key event from the
keyboard device

338 Keyboard Device

KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER

This command adds a routine to a chain of reset-handlers. When a user presses the key
sequence Ctrl-left Amiga-right Amiga (the reset sequence), the keyboard device senses this and
calls a prioritized chain of reset-handlers. These might be thought of as clean-up routines that
‘“must’’ be performed before reset is allowed to occur. For example, if a disk write is in pro-
gress, the system should finish that before resetting the hardware so as not to corrupt the con-
tents of the disk. There are probably a few reasons why a program may wish to add its own
reset handler as well. Note that if you add your own handler to this chain, you must ensure
that your handler allows the rest of reset processing to occur. Reset must continue to function.

You add a handler to the chain by the command KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER. Assuming that
you have a properly initialized IOStdReq block as a result of a call to OpenDevice() (for the
input device), here is a typical C-language call to the KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER function:

struct Interrupt resetHandlerStuff;
resetHandlerStuff.is_Data = &resetHandlerData;

/* address of its data area */
resetHandlerStuff.is_Code = myResetHandler;

/* address of entry point to handler */
resetHandlerStuff.is_Node.ln_Pri = myPriority;
key boardRequestBlock.io_Command = KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER;
key boardRequestBlock.io_Data = &resetHandlerStuff;

DolIO(&key boardRequestBlock);
The priority field in the list node structure establishes the sequence in which reset handlers are

processed by the system. Your routine should be structured so that it can be called as though
from the following C-language sequence:

my ResetHandler(resetHandlerData);

Any return value from this routine is ignored. All keyboard reset handlers are activated if time
permits.

The final command in your handler routine should be KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE, as
described below.

Note: Because of the time-critical nature of handlers, handlers are usually written in assembly
code. However, keyboard reset processing can take a little longer and is therefore less critical if
written in a language such as C.

Keyboard Device 339

KBD_REMRESETHANDLER

This command is used to remove a keyboard reset handler from the system. The only difference
from the calling sequence shown in KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER above is a change in the com-
mand number to KBD_REMRESETHANDLER, and there is no need to specify the priority of
the handler.

KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE

This command tells the system that this handler is finished with its essential activities. If this
is the last handler in the chain, it completes the reset sequence. If not, the next handler in the
chain gets its chance to function.

Here is a typical statement sequence used to end a keyboard reset handler, again assuming a
properly initialized inputRequestBlock:

key boardRequestBlock.io_Command = KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE;
key boardRequestBlock.io_Data = &resetHandlerStuff;
SendIO(&keyboardRequestBlock);

return; /* return so that other handlers can also do their jobs */

Note that SendIO() is used instead of DoIO(). This routine is being executed within a
software interrupt, and it is illegal to allow a Wait() within such routines.

KBD_READMATRIX

This command lets you discover the current state (UP = 0, DOWN = 1) of every key in the
key matrix. You provide a data area that is at least large enough to hold one bit per key,
approximately 16 bytes. The keyboard layout is shown in figure 10-1 below, indicating the
numeric value each transmits (raw) when it is pressed. This value is the numeric position that
this key occupies in the key matrix read by this command.

340 Keyboard Device

CTRL oo A Ss
63 | €2| 20 | 2

Figure 10-1: Raw Key Matrix

Assuming that you have already initialized an IOStdReq block for communication with the
keyboard device, here is a typical calling sequence for sending the read-matrix command:

UBYTE keyMatrix [16];
key boardRequestBlock.io_Command = KBD_READMATRIX;
key boardRequestBlock.io_Data = &keyMatrix(0];
/* where to put the key matrix */
DolO(&key boardRequestBlock);

To find the status of a particular key (for example, to find out if the F2 key is down), you find
the bit that specifies the current state by dividing the key matrix value (hex 51 = decimal 81)
by 8. This indicates that the bit is in byte number 10 of the matrix. Then take the same
number (decimal 81) modulo 8 to determine which bit position within that byte represents the
state of the key. This yields a value of 1. So, by reading bit position 1 of byte number 10, you
determine the status of the function key F2.

KBD_READEVENT

Reading keyboard events is normally not done through direct access to the keyboard device.
See chapter 9, “Input Device,” for the intimate linkage between that device and the keyboard

device. This section is provided primarily to show you the component parts of a keyboard
input event.

The figure above shows the code value that each key places into the ie_Code field of the input

event for a key down event. For a key-up event, a value of hexadecimal 80 is or’ed with the
value shown above. Additionally, if either shift key is down, or if the key is one of those in the

Keyboard Device 341

numeric keypad, the qualifier field of the keyboard input event will be filled in accordingly.

Note: The keyboard device can queue up several keystrokes without a task requesting a report
of keyboard events. However, when the keyboard event buffer has been filled with no task
interaction, additional keystrokes will be discarded.

Example Keyboard Read-event Program

Note: This sample program will run properly only if AmigaDOS and the input device are not
active.

/* sample program to demonstrate direct communications with the keyboard,
* won’t work unless input device is disabled, so that keyboard can

* be accessed individually. (It will compile and it will run, but

* this program will get some of the keyboard’s inputs, and the input

* device will steal the rest... no guarantee that Fl Key can break it out.)

ok

* ‘To try the program, if run under the AmigaDOS CLI, strike any key, then
* hit return. (You won’t see any responses until each return key... DOS

* is sitting on the input stream with its input editor as well as the

* input device.) By rapidly hitting F1 then Return several times,

* eventually you can generate a hex 50 that exits the program. This

* program is provided for those who are taking over the machine. It

* is not intended as a general purpose keyboard interface under DOS.

+)

#include <exec/types.h >
#finclude <exec/io.h>

#include <exec/devices.h >
#include <devices/keyboard.h>
#include <devices/inputevent.h >

#define FIKEY 0x50

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct IOStdReq *CreateStdIO();

SHORT error;
struct I[OStdReq *keyregq;
struct MsgPort *keyport;

struct InputEvent *keydata; /* pointer into the returned data area
* where an input event has been sent */

342 Keyboard Device

BYTE keybuffer|sizeof( struct InputEvent }|;

main()
{
keyport = CreatePort(0,0);
if(key port == 0) { printf(”\nError during CreatePort” );
exit(-1);
}
keyreq = CreateStdlO(keyport);
/* make an io request block for
* communicating with the keyboard */
if(keyreq == 0) { printf(”\nError during CreateStdIO” );
DeletePort(keyport);
exit(-2);

error = OpenDevice(” keyboard.device” ,O,keyreq,0);
/* open the device for access */

if (error != 0) { printf(”\nCan’t open keyboard!” );
ReturnMemory ToSystem();
exit(-100);

keyreq->io_Length = sizeof(struct InputEvent);
/* read one event each time we go back to the keyboard */

keyreq- >io_Data = (APTR)keybuffer;
/* show where to put the data when read */

keydata = (struct InputEvent *)keybuffer;

keyreq- >io_Command = KBD_READEVENT; __//* get an event!! */

for(;;) /* FOREVER */

printf(”\n Ready to retrieve another key0);

DolO( keyreq );

if(keydata->ie_Code == F1IKEY) break;

printf(”\n Raw key found this time was %|x” ,|keydata- > ie_Code);

printf(”\nFINALLY found an F1 key!!! Exiting...”);
ReturnMemoryToSystem(); /* can’t get here because of FOREVER,

* but if user provides an exit..... */

Keyboard Device 343

ReturnMemoryToSystem()
DeleteStdIO(keyreq);

DeletePort(key port);
return(0);

344 Keyboard Device

Chapter 11

Gameport Device

Introduction

The gameport device is the means of access to the Amiga gameports. There are two units in
the gameport device. Unit 0 controls the front gameport connector (connector 1). Unit 1 con-
trols the rear gameport connector (connector 2).

You must tell the system the type of device connected to the gameport connector and how the
device is to respond. That is, should the device return status immediately each time you ask for
information or should it only return status once certain conditions have been met?

Gameport Device 345

When the input device is operating, the left gameport connector is usually dedicated to that
device. Therefore, this chapter’s examples concentrate on the right connector, which is not
dedicated to the input device. Note that if the input device is not started, the left connector, as
gameport unit 0, can perform the same functions as shown below for the right connector.

When a gameport unit finally reponds to a request for input, it formulates an input event. The

contents of the input event vary based on the type of device you have told the unit is connected
and the trigger conditions it must look for.

Gameport Device Commands

The gameport device allows the following system functions.

Command Operation

OpenDevice() Obtain exclusive use of one unit of the gameport device.
Returns an error value of -1 if another task already has
control of the unit you have requested.

CloseDevice() Relinquish use of the gameport device

DoIO() Initiate a command and wait for it to complete
SendIO() Initiate a command and return immediately
AbortIO() Abort a command already in the queue

The gameport device also responds to the following commands:

I/O Command Operation

GPD_SETCTYPE Set the type of the controller to be monitored
GPD_ASKCTYPE Ask the type of the controller being monitored
GPD_SETTRIGGER Preset the conditions that will trigger a gameport event
GPD_ASKTRIGGER _ Inquire the conditions that have been preset for triggering
GPD_READEVENT Read one or more gameport events from an initialized unit

GPD_SETCTYPE

This command establishes the type of controller that is to be connected to the specific gameport
device. You must have already successfully opened that specific unit before you will be able to
tell it what type of controller is connected. As of this writing, there are three different legal
controller types: mouse, absolute joystick, relative joystick, and “no controller.”

346 Gameport Device

A mouse controller can report input events for one, two, or three buttons and for positive or
negative (x,y) movements. A trackball controller or driving controller for various games is gen-
erally of the same type, and can be declared as a mouse controller.

An absolute joystick is one that reports one single event for each change in its current location.
If, for example, the joystick is centered and a user pushes the stick forward, a forward-switch
event will be generated. A relative joystick, on the other hand, is comparable to an absolute
joystick with “‘autorepeat’’ installed. As long as the user holds the stick in a position other
than centered, the gameport device continues to generate position reports.

As of this writing, there is no direct system software support for proportional joysticks or pro-
portional controllers.

You specify the controller type by the following code or its equivalent:

struct [OStdReq *gamelOMsg;

setControllerType(type)
UBYTE *type;

{
/* set type of controller */
gamelOMsg->io_Command = GPD_SETCTYPE;
gamelIOMsg- >io_Data = type; /* show where data can be found */
DoIO(gameIOMsg);
return(0);

}

GPD_GETCTYPE

You use this command to find out what kind of controller has been specified for a particular
unit. This command puts the controller type into the data area that you specify with the com-
mand. Here is a sample call:

SHORT getControllerType(type);
UBYTE *type;

{
/* get type of controller */
gamelOMsg->io_Command = GPD_GETCTYPE;
gameIOMsg->io_Data = type; /* show where data should be placed */
DoIO(gameIOMsg);
return (gamebuffer(0});

}

Gameport Device 347

The value that is returned corresponds to one of the four controller types noted in
GPD_SETCTYPE above. Controller type definitions can be found in the include file named
devices/gameport.h.

GPD_SETTRIGGER

You use this command to specify the conditions that can trigger a gameport event. The device
won’t reply to your read request until the trigger conditions have been satisfied.

For a mouse device, you can trigger on a certain minimum-sized move in either the x or y direc-
tion, on up or down transitions of the mouse buttons, on a timed basis, or any combination of
these conditions. Here is an example that shows why you might want to use both time and
movement. Suppose you normally signal mouse events if the mouse moves at least 10 counts in
either the x or y directions. If you are moving the cursor to keep up with mouse movements
and the user moves the mouse less than 10 counts, after a period of time you will want to

update the position of the cursor to exactly match the mouse position. Thus the timed report
with current mouse counts will be desirable.

For a joystick device, you can select timed reports as well as button-up and button-down report
trigger conditions.

The information needed for gameport trigger setting is placed into a GameTrigger data
structure:

struct GamePortTrigger {

UWORD gpt_Keys; /* key transition triggers */

UWORD gpt_Timeout; /* time trigger (vertical blank units) */
UWORD gpt_XDelta; /* X distance trigger */

UWORD gpt_YDelta; /* Y distance trigger */

}3

The field gpt_Keys can be set to a value of GPTF_UPKEYS to report upward transitions or
GPTF_DOWNKEYS to report downward transitions.

The field gpt_Timeout is set to count how many vertical blank units should occur (1/60th of a

second each) between reports in the absence of another trigger condition. Thus, this specifies
the maximum report interval.

Note: If a task sets trigger conditions and does not ask for the position reports (by sending an
I/O request to be filled in with available reports), the gameport device will queue up several
additional reports. If the trigger conditions again occur and as many events as the system can
handle are already queued, the additional triggers will be ignored until the buffer of one or more
of the existing triggers is read by a device read request.

348 Gameport Device

struct GamePortTrigger mousetrigger = {
GPTF_UPKEYS + GPTF_DOWNKEYS,
1800,
XMOVE,
YMOVE };
/* trigger on all mouse key transitions, every 30 seconds,
* (1800 = 30 times 60 per sec) for any 10 in an x or y direction */

You set the trigger by using the following code or the equivalent:

gamelOMsg->io_Command = GPD_SETTRIGGER;
/* command to set the trigger conditions */
gamelOMsg->i0_Data = &mousetrigger;
/* show where to find the trigger condition info */
DolIO(gameIOMsg);

Example Programs

MOUSE PROGRAM

Here is a complete sample program that lets you open the right gameport device unit and define
it as a mouse device. You are directed to unplug the mouse and plug it into the right connec-
tor. Mouse moves and button clicks are reported to the console device that started the pro-
gram. If you do not move the mouse for 30 seconds, a report is generated automatically. If you
do not move it for 2 minutes, the program exits.

[BREA C EEG CAI IAAI I AC TC TTI TR RAIA AA

* mouse test, for right game port on the Amiga

*

* Notes: The right port is used for this test because the input.device task is
busy continuously with the lefthand port, feeding input events to Intuition or
* console devices. If Intuition is not activated (applications that take over the
* whole machine may decide not to activate Intuition) and if no console device is
* activated, * the input device will never activate, allowing the application free
*
*

*

rein to use either the left OR the right hand joystick /mouse port. If either
Intuition or the console device is activated, the lefthand port will yield, at

* best, every alternate input event to an external application such as this test program.
*

* This will undoubtedly mess up either of the two applications and should,

Gameport Device 349

therefore, be avoided. It was ok to use the right port in this case, because
the system has no particular interest in monitoring it.

Using a function called SetMPort(), you can reconfigure so that the
mouse is expected in the other port, but that isn’t demonstrated here.
Jo SSS SS dddaaaaiioiiinioiccai ici ioiinigioiiakaiciaiaiiioai tia ak nk okak ak ar ak rar kai. ak /

*
*
2k
*
*x

#include <exec/types.h >
#include <exec/devices.h >
#include <graphics/gfx.h>
#include <devices/gameport.h>
#include <devices/inputevent.h >

LONG GfxBase=0;

#define XMOVE 10
#define YMOVE 10
#define MAX(m,n) (m > n? m:n)

/* trigger on all mouse key transitions, and every
* 30 seconds, and for any 10 in an x or y direction */

struct GamePortTrigger mousetrigger = {
GPTF_UPKEYS + GPTF_DOWNKEYS,
1800,
XMOVE,
YMOVE };

struct InputEvent *game_data; /* pointer into the returned data area
* where input event has been sent */

SHORT error;

struct IOStdReq *game_io_msg;

BYTE gamebuffer|sizeof( struct InputEvent )|;
BYTE xeamedata;
SHORT testval:

struct MsgPort *game_msg_port;

SHORT movesize;
extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct [OStdReq *CreateStdIO();

350 Gameport Device

SHORT codeval, timeouts;

#-define IF_NOT_IDLE_TWO_MINUTES while(timeouts < 4)

main()

{

GfxBase = OpenLibrary(” graphics. library”, 0);

if (GfxBase == NULL)

{
printf(” Unable to open graphics library\n” );
exit(1000);

}

printf(” Mouseport Demo\n”);

printf(” \nMove Mouse from Left Port to Right Port\n”);

printf(”\nThen move the mouse and click its buttons”);

timeouts = 0;

gamedata = &gamebuffer(0};
/* point to first location in game buffer */

game_msg_port — CreatePort(0,0);
/* provide a port for the IO response */
if(game_msg_port == 0)

printf(”\nError While Performing CreatePort” );
exit(-1);

j

game_io_msg = CreateStdIO(game_msg_port);
/* make an io request block for communicating with

the keyboard */
if(game_io_msg == 0)
printf(”\nError While Performing CreateStdIO” );
DeletePort(game_msg_port);

exit(-2);

}

error = OpenDevice(” gameport.device” ,1,game_io_msg,0);
/* open the device for access, unit 1 is right port */

if(error != 0)

Gameport Device 351

printf(”\nError while opening the device, exiting” );
DeleteStdIO(game_io_msg);
DeletePort(game_msg_port);

exit(-3);

}

game_io_msg->io_Length = sizeof(struct InputEvent);
/* read one event each time we go back to the gameport */

game_io_msg->io_Data = (APTR)gamebuffer;
/* show where to put the data when read */

game_data = (struct InputEvent *)gamebuffer;

/* test the mouse in this loop */
set_controller_ty pe(GPCT_MOUSE),;

/* specify the trigger conditions */

game_lo_msg- >1i0_Command = GPD_SETTRIGGER;
/* show where to find the trigger condition info */
game_io_msg->io_Data = (APTR)&mousetrigger;

/* this command doesn’t wait... returns immediately */
SendIO(game_io_msg);

WaitPort(game_msg_port);

GetMsg(game_msg_port);

printf(” \nI will report:”);

printf(”?\n | Mouse X or Y moves if either is over 10 counts” );
printf(”\n Button presses (along with mouse moves if any)” );
printf(”\n Or every 30 seconds (along with mouse moves if any)” );
printf(” \n if neither move or click happens\n”);

printf(” \nIf no activity for 2 minutes, the program exits\n”);

/* from now on, just read input events into the input buffer, one at a
*time. read-event waits for the preset conditions */

game_io_msg->1io_Command = GPD_READEVENT;
game_io_msg- >io_Data = (APTR)gamebuffer;

IF_NOT_IDLE_TWO_MINUTES
{

game_io_msg->io_Length = sizeof(struct InputEvent);
/* read one event each time we go back to the gameport */

352 Gameport Device

printf(”\n Waiting For Mouse Report\n”);
SendIO(game_io_msg);

WaitPort(game_msg_port);
/* this is NOT a busy wait... it is a task-sleep */

GetMsg(game_msg_port);

codeval = game_data->1e_Code;
switch(codeval)

case IECODE_LBUTTON:
printf(” \nMouse Left Button Pressed” );
may be_mouse_moved();

break;

case IECODE_RBUTTON:
printf(” \nMouse Right Button Pressed” );
may be_mouse_moved();

break;

case (IECODE_LBUTTON + IECODE_UP_PREFIX):
printf(” \nMouse Left Button Released” );
may be_mouse_moved();
break;

case IECODE_RBUTTON + IECODE_UP_PREFIX):
printf(” \nMouse Right Button Released” );
may be_mouse_moved();
break;

case IECODE_NOBUTTON:
timeouts++; /* after 2 minutes, dump program if
* user loses interest */
movesize = maybe_mouse_moved();
if(movesize == 0)
{

printf(” \n30 seconds passed, no trigger events” );

else if(movesize < XMOVE && movesize < YMOVE )
{

printf(” \n(Even though less than trigger count,” );
printf(”\n reporting mouse move at the selected” );
printf(” \n timing interval for user info)” );

Gameport Device 353

}
break;

default:
break;
}

}

set_controller_ty pe(GPCT_NOCONTROLLER);

CloseDevice(game_io_msg);
DeleteStdIlO(game_io_msg);
DeletePort(game_msg_port);

printf(” \nExiting program... 2 minutes with no activity sensed\nl> ”);
return(0);

/* if mouse didn’t move far enough to trigger a report, then caller
* will also report that 30 seconds (1800 vblanks) has elapsed

+

int may be_mouse_moved()

{

int xmove, ymove;
xmove — game_data- >ie_X;
ymove = game_data->ie_Y;

if(xmove != 0 || ymove != 0)

printf(”\nMouse Moved by X-value %ld, Y-value % 1d”,
xmove, ymove);
timeouts = 0;

}

if(xmove < 0) xmove = -xmove;

if(ymove < 0) ymove = -ymove;

return(MAX(xmove,ymove));

j

int set_controller_ty pe(type)
SHORT type;

{

/* set type of controller to mouse */

game_io_msg->10o_Command = GPD_SETCTYPE;

354 Gameport Device

keamedata = type;

/* set it up */
/* this command doesn’t wait... returns immediately */
SendIO(game_io_msg);

WaitPort(game_msg_port);
GetMsg(game_msg_port);
return(0);

JOYSTICK PROGRAM

/* AK 2 2 oe 2 2 2c 2 2 2 2c oe 2k 2c oe 2 2K 2c 2 2c 2 2c 2K 2 2 2 2K 2K oe 2k 2 2 2c ok 2 2 2 ic 2K 2 2 2 2 2K 2 2c oe 2 2c oc 2 kc 2 2c ok 2K 2k 2k ok 2k 2k + /

* joystick test, for right game port on the Amiga.

* Notes: The right port is used for this test because the input.device task is
busy continuously with the lefthand port, feeding input events to Intuition or
console devices. If Intuition is not activated (applications that take over the
whole machine may decide not to activate Intuition) and no console device is
activated either, the input device will never activate, allowing the application
free rein to use either the left OR the right hand joystick/mouse port. If
either Intuition or the console device is activated, the lefthand port will

yield, at best, every alternate input event to an external application such as
this test program. This will undoubtedly mess up either of the two applications
and should therefore be avoided. It was ok to use the right port in this case,
* because the system has no particular interest in monitoring it.

* * © + *&© © KF KF

Ae EK 2 ee Ee EE 2 2K 2 2K 2 2 KE 2K 2 2K 2 2 2 2 2K kK KE a Ke 2 2k ef ee ke 2 2K 2K 2 2K 2K 2 2K 2 KE ee 2 2k 2k 2k 2c fe ke ce co 2 2k 2c 2k 2k 2k 2k * /

#include <exec/types.h >
#include <exec/devices.h >
#include <graphics/gfx.h >
#include <devices/gameport.h>
#include <devices/inputevent.h>

LONG GfxBase=—0;

#define XMOVE 10

#define YMOVE 10

#define MAX(m,n) (m > n? m:n)

#define FOREVER for(;;)

struct InputEvent *game_data; /* pointer into the returned data area
* where input event has been sent */

Gameport Device 355

SHORT - error;
struct IOStdReq *game_io_msg;

BYTE gamebuffer|sizeof( struct InputEvent )|;
BYTE kramebuff;

SHORT _ testval;
SHORT _ codevalue;

struct MsgPort *game_msg_port;

SHORT movesize;
extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct IOStdReq *CreateStdIO();

SHORT codeval, timeouts;

main()

{

int events_reported;

events_reported = 0;

printf(” Joystick Demo\n”);

printf(”\nPlug a Joystick Into Right Port\n”);
printf(”\nThen move the stick and click its buttons” );

/* point to first location in game buffer */
gamebuff = &gamebuffer|0];

/* SYSTEM DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT SETUP ROUTINES #**«# */
/* provide a port for the IO response */
game_msg_port — CreatePort(0,0);
if(game_msg_port == 0)
printf(”\nError While Performing CreatePort” );
exit(-1);

}

/* make an io request block for communicating with the gameport */
game_io_msg = CreateStdIO(game_msg_port);

if(game_io_msg == 0)

printf(”\nError While Performing CreateStdIO” );

356 Gameport Device

DeletePort(game_msg_port);
exit(-2);

}

/* EK 2 2 2k 2c 2k 2k 2c ek 2 2 KE 2 Ko 2 2 2K KK kK kK 2k 2k kK aK OK ak kk kak oko 2 kK KK 2 2k * /

/* OPEN THE DEVICE */

/* open the device for access, unit 1 is right port */
error = OpenDevice(” gameport.device” ,1,game_io_msg,0);

if(error != 0)

{
printf(”\nError while opening the device, exiting” );
DeleteStdIO(game_io_msg);
DeletePort(game_msg_port);
exit(-3);

}

/* 2K 2 Ae 2K 2 fe 2 ac ak 2 2 fe ok 2c oe 2 2 2c oe 2 ae ke 2 2 2 2 2 oc af ofc oo 2 2 2k ke oie ate fe ok a 2 afc ic oe 2 2 ake 2 ofc of ok 2 2k 2k * /

/* SET THE DEVICE TYPE */

game_data = (struct InputEvent *)gamebuffer;

/* test the joystick in this loop */

if (set_controller_type(GPCT_ABSJOYSTICK) != 0)

printf(”\nError while trying to set GPCT_ABSJOYSTICK”);
DeleteStdIO(game_io_msg);
DeletePort(game_msg_port);
exit(-4);
}
[36 BBA O SAGES ISIE AEE ACSIA SAGE IES IIE. /
/* SET THE DEVICE TRIGGER */
if (set_controller_trigger() != 0)
{
printf(”\nError while trying to set controller trigger” );
DeleteStdIO(game_io_msg);
DeletePort(game_msg_port);
exit(-4);
}
[36 ESSE AOS ASSO OSES EASES BE EAI IIA /

/* TELL USER WHAT YOU WILL BE DOING */
printf(” \nI will report: \n”);

printf(’?\n Stick X or Y moves”);
printf(”\n | Button presses (along with stick moves if any)” );

Gameport Device 357

/* FOO OIG RIG Ik a kk aK ka a ak ak ak kok ak ak ak + /

/* SETUP THE IO MESSAGE BLOCK FOR THE ACTUAL DATA READ */

/* from now on, just read input events into the input buffer, one at a
* time; read-event waits for the preset conditions */

game_lo_msg->io_Command = GPD_READEVENT;
game_io_msg->io_Data = (APTR)gamebuffer;

/* read one event each time we go back to the gameport */
game_io_msg->io_Length = sizeof(struct InputEvent);

/* don’t use quick io */
game_io_msg->10_F lags — 0;

/* AE 2 2 fe fc fe fe 2c ck 2 2K 2 akc oc 2 KK 2K 2K oe KK 2K 2c ic 2c 2h fe 2c of 2c fe fe ke 2c ke 2 2 2 2 ke 2c 2 2K 2 ok a 2c ic ok oc 2K 2k ok + /

/* LOOP FOREVER +*/

FOREVER

{
/* read one event each time we go back to the gameport */
game_io_msg->io_Length = sizeof(struct InputEvent);

printf{(”\n Waiting For Joystick Report\n”);
SendIO(game_io_msg);
WaitPort(game_msg_port);

/* this is NOT a busy wait... it is a task-sleep */
GetMsg(game_msg_port);

codevalue = game_data- > ie_Code;

if(codevalue == IECODE_LBUTTON)
printf(” \nFire Button pressed” );

if(codevalue =— (IECODE_LBUTTON + IECODE_UP_PREFIX))
printf(” \nFire Button released” );

which_direction();
showbugs();
if (events_reported++ >12) break;

}
set_controller_ty pe(GPCT_NOCONTROLLER);

CloseDevice(game_io_msg);
DeleteStdIO(game_io_msg);

358 Gameport Device

}

DeletePort(game_msg_port):;

printf(” \nExiting program... 12 events reported.\nl> ”);
return(0);

int which_direction()

}

SHORT xmove, ymove;
xmove = game_data->1e_X;
ymove = game_data->ie_Y;

switch(ymove)
{
case (-1):
printf(” \nForward” );
break;
case (1):
printf(” \nBack”);
break;
default:
break;
}

switch(xmove)

{
case (-1):
printf(” \nLeft” );
break;
case (1):
printf(”\nRight”);
break;

default:
break;

}

return(0);

int set_controller_ty pe(type)
SHORT type;

{

game_lo_msg->10_Command = GPD_SETCTYPE;
/* set type of controller to mouse */
game_io_msg->10_Length — 1;
game_io_msg->io_Data = (APTR)gamebuff;
*gamebuff = type;

Gameport Device 359

SendIO(game_io_msg);

/* set it up */

/* this command doesn’t wait... returns immediately */
WaitPort(game_msg_port);

GetMsg(game_msg_port);

return((int)game_io_msg- > io_Error);

}

int set_controller_trigger()

{

struct GamePortTrigger gpt;

game_lo_msg->10_Command = GPD_SETTRIGGER;
game_io_msg->io_Length = sizeof(gpt);
game_io_msg->io_Data = (APTR)&gpt;

gpt.gpt_Keys = GPTF_UPKEYS+GPTF_DOWNKEYS;
gpt.gpt_Timeout = 0;

gpt.gpt_XDelta = 1;

gpt.gpt_YDelta — 1;

return(DolO(game_io_msg));

}

showbugs()

{

struct InputEvent *e;

e = (struct InputEvent *)&gamebuffer|0];

/* where the input event gets placed */

printf(” \nie_Class = % |x” ,e- >ie_Class);

printf(” \nie_SubClass = % Ix” ,e- >ie_SubClass):
printf(” \nie_Code = %1x”, e- >ie_Code);

printf(” \nie_Qualifier = %1x” ,e- >ie_Qualifier);

(
(
(
(
(
(

printf(” \nie_X = %ld”, e- >ie_X);
printf(” \nie_Y = %ld”, e- >ie_Y);
printf(” \nie_TimeStamp(seconds) = %1x”, e- >ie_TimeStamp.tv_secs);

return(0);

360 Gameport Device

Chapter 12

Narrator Device

This chapter provides routines for accessing both the narrator device and the translator library
and shows how some of the parameters passed to the device can affect the output. In addition,
this chapter contains a nontechnical explanation of how to effectively utilize the speech device.

A more technical explanation is also provided for those who may be interested in how the
speech is actually produced.

Narrator Device 361

Introduction

Two different subsystems comprise the speech system on the Amiga. They are the narrator dev-
tce, Which communicates with the audio device to actually produce human-like speech, and the

translator library, which contains a routine that translates English text into phonemes suitable
for the narrator device.

The Translator Library
The translator library provides a single routine, named Translate(), that converts an English
language string into a phonetic string. To use this function, you must first open the library.

Setting a global variable, TranslatorBase, to the value returned from the call to
OpenLibrary() enables the Amiga linker to correctly locate the translator library:

struct Library *TranslatorBase;

TranslatorBase = OpenLibrary(”translator.library” ,RREVISION);
if(TranslatorBase === NULL) exit (CANT_OPEN_TRANSLATOR);

Note that for the OpenLibrary() call to succeed, the directory currently assigned by Amiga-
DOS as LIBS: must contain translator.library.

USING THE TRANSLATE FUNCTION

Once the library is open, you can call the translate function:

UBYTE *sampleinput; /* pointer to sample input string */
UBYTE outputstring[500];| _/* place to put the translation */
SHORT rtnCode; /* return code from function */
sampleinput — ”this is a test’; /* a test string of 14 characters */

rtnCode = Translate(sampleinput,14,outputstring,500);

The input string will be translated into its phoneme equivalent and can be used to feed the nar-
rator device. If you receive a nonzero return code, you haven’t provided enough output buffer
space to hold the entire translation. In this case, the Translate() function breaks the transla-
tion at the end of a word in the input stream and returns the position in the input stream at
which the translation ended. You can use the output buffer, then call the Translate() function
again, starting at this original ending position, to continue the translation where you left off.

362 Narrator Device

Note, however, that the value returned is negative. Therefore, you must use -rtnCode as the
starting point for a new translation.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ABOUT TRANSLATE

The English language has many words that do not sound the same as they are spelled. The
translator library has an exception table that it consults as the translation progresses. Words
that are not in the exception table are translated literally. Therefore, it is possible that certain
words will not translate well. You can improve the quality of the translation by handling those
words on your own, using the tutorial information included at the end of this chapter.

As with all other libraries of routines, if you have opened the translator library for use, be sure

to close it before your program exits. If the system needs memory resources, it can then expel
closed libraries to gain additional space.

The Narrator Device

The narrator device on the Amiga provides two basic functions:

o You can write to the device and ask it to speak a phoneme-encoded string in a specific
manner— pitch, male/female, various speaking rates, and so on.

o You can read from the device. As it speaks, the device can generate mouth shapes for
you and you can use the shapes to perform a graphics rendering of a face and mouth.

OPENING THE NARRATOR DEVICE

To use the narrator device, you must first open the device. The narrator device is disk-resident.
For the OpenDevice() call to succeed, the narrator device must be present in the directory
currently assigned by AmigaDOS to the DEVS: directory.

To communicate with the narrator device, like any other device, you must pass an IORequest
block to OpenDevice(). The block used by the narrator device for a write is a special format
called a narrator_rb. The block used for a read is also a special format, called a mouth_rb.
Both blocks are described in the sections that follow. A sample OpenDevice() sequence for the
narrator device follows. Notice that two request blocks are created, one for writing to the dev-
ice and one for reading from it. For brevity, the error checking is left out of this short example.
It is, however, utilized in the sample program later on.

Narrator Device 363

struct narrator_rb *writeNarrator;

struct narrator_rb *read Narrator;

writeport = CreatePort(0,0);

readport = CreatePort(0,0);

writeNarrator = (struct narrator_rb *)CreateExtIlO(writeport,
sizeof(struct narrator_rb));

readNarrator = (struct mouth_rb *)CreateExtIO(readport,
sizeof(struct mouth_rb));

The routine CreateExtIO() is in the “Other Routines” appendix of the Amiga ROM Kernel

Reference Manual: Exec. CreatePort() is contained in amiga.lib and can be accessed by link-
ing your program to amiga.lib.

CONTENTS OF THE WRITE REQUEST BLOCK

You can control several characteristics of the speech, as indicated in the narrator request block
structure shown below.

struct narrator_rb {

struct IOStdReq message; /* Standard IORB */

UWORD rate; /* Speaking rate (words/minute) */
UWORD pitch; /* Baseline pitch in Hertz */
UWORD mode; /* Pitch mode */
UWORD $s sex; /* Sex of voice */
UBYTE *ch_masks; /* Pointer to audio alloc maps */
UWORD nm_masks; /* Number of audio alloc maps */
UWORD volume; /* Volume. 0 (off) thru 64 */
UWORD sampfregq; /* Audio sampling freq */
UBYTE mouths; /* If non-zero, generate mouths */
UBYTE chanmask; /* Which ch mask used (internal)* /
UBYTE numchan; /* Num ch masks used (internal) */
UBYTE pad; /* For alignment */
i3
where
rate
is the speed in words per minute that you wish it to speak.
pitch

is the baseline pitch. If you are using an expressive voice rather than a monotone, the
pitch will vary above and below this baseline pitch.

364 Narrator Device

mode

determines whether you have a monotone or expressive voice.

sex

determines if the voice is male or female.

ch_masks, nm_masks, volume, sampfreq
are described in the chapter called ‘‘Audio Device.”’

mouths

is set to nonzero before starting a write if you want to read mouths using the read com-
mand while the system is speaking.

chanmask, numchan, pad
are for system use only.

The system default values are shown in the files devices/narrator.h and devices/narrator.t.
When you call OpenDevice(), the system initializes the request block to the default values. If
you want other than the defaults, you must change them after the device is open.

CONTENTS OF THE READ REQUEST

The mouth_rb data structure follows. Notice that it is an extended form of the narrator_rb
structure.

struct mouth_rb {
struct narrator_rb voice; /* Speech IORB */

UBYTE width; /* Width (returned value) */
UBYTE height; /* Height (returned value) */
UBYTE shape; /* Internal use, do not modify */
UBYTE pad; /* For alignment */

3

The fields width and height will, on completion of a read-request, contain an integer value pro-
portional to the mouth width and height that are appropriate to the phoneme currently being
spoken. When you send a read request, the system does not return a response until one of two
things happens. Either a different mouth size is available (this prevents you from drawing and
redrawing the same shape or having to check whether or not it is the same) or the speaking has
completed. You must check the error return field when the read request block is returned to
determine if the request block contains a new mouth shape or simply is returning status of
ND_NoWrite (no write in progress, all speech ended for this request).

Narrator Device 365

OPENING THE NARRATOR DEVICE

This section demonstrates opening the device as well as synchronizing a read request so that it
responds only to the write request for which the device is opened. You can read the mouth
shapes only if the write request contains the same unit number and a write is currently in pro-
gress; the system returns an error if the numbers don’t match or if the write has completed.
Note again that error checking is deferred to the example program at the end of the chapter.

SHORT openError;

openError = OpenDevice(”narrator.device” ,0,writeNarrator,0);
/* after error checking, synchronize the read and write requests * /
read Narrator- >narrator_rb.message.io_Device =

writeNarrator- >message.io_Device; /* copy device info */
read Narrator- >narrator_rb.message.io_Unit =
writeNarrator- >message.io_Unit; /* copy unit info */

At this point, it is acceptable to change the default values before issuing a write.

More details about what OpenDevice() performs are contained in the narrator device summary
pages.

PERFORMING A WRITE AND A READ

You normally perform a write command by using the functions BeginIO() or SendIO() to
transmit the request block to the narrator device. This allows the narrator’s task to begin the
I/O, while your task is free to do something else. The something else may be issuing a series of
read commands to the device to determine mouth shapes and drawing them on-screen. The fol-
lowing sample set of function calls implements both the write and read commands in a single
loop. Again, error checking is deferred to the sample program.

366 Narrator Device

SHORT readError;

writeNarrator- > message.io_Length = strlen(outputstring);

/* tell it how many characters the translate function returned * /
writeNarrator- > message.io_Data = outputstring;

/* tell it where to find the string to speak */
SendIO(writeNarrator);

/* return immediately, run tasks concurrently */

read Narrator- >voice.message.io_Error = 0;
while((readError = readNarrator->voice.message.io_Error) !=

ND_NoWrite)
{

DoIO(readNarrator);
/* put task to sleep waiting for a different mouth shape or
* return of the message block with the error field showing
* no write in progress
*/
DrawMouth(readNarrator- > width,read Narrator- > height);
/* user’s own unique routine, not provided here */
}
GetMsg(writeport); /* remove the write message from the
* writeport so that it can be reused */

The loop continues to send read requests to the narrator device until the speech output has
ended. DoIO() automatically removes the read request block from the readport for reuse.

SendIO() is used to transmit the write request. When it completes, the write request will be
appended to the writeport, and must be removed before it can be reused.

Sample Program

The following sample program uses the system default values returned from the OpenDevice()
call. It translates and speaks a single phrase.

Narrator Device 367

# include ”exec/types.h”
#include ” exec/exec.h”

#include ”exec/nodes.h”
#include ”exec/lists.h”
#include ”exec/memory.h”
#include ”exec/interrupts.h”
#include ”exec/ports.h”
#include ”exec/libraries.h”
#include ”exec/io.h”
#include ”exec/tasks.h”
#include ” exec/execbase.h”

#include ” devices /narrator.h”
#include ” libraries/translator.h”

struct MsgPort *readport—0;
struct MsgPort *writeport—0;

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct I[ORequest *CreateExtIO();

struct narrator_rb *writeNarrator=—0;
struct mouth_rb *read Narrator—0;
struct Library *TranslatorBase—0;

UBYTE *sampleinput; /* pointer to sample input string */
UBYTE outputstring|[500]; /* place to put the translation */
SHORT rtnCode; /* return code from function */

SHORT readError;

SHORT writeError;

SHORT error;

BYTE audChanMasks|/4] = { 3,5,10,12 }; /* which channels to use */

#define CANT_OPEN_TRANSLATOR -100
#define CANT_OPEN_NARRATOR -200
#define CREATE _PORT_PROBLEMS -300
#define CREATE_IO_ PROBLEMS -400
#define CANT_PERFORM_WRITE -500
#define REVISION 1

extern struct Library *OpenLibrary();
main()

{
TranslatorBase = OpenLibrary(” translator.library” ,REVISION);

368 Narrator Device

if(TranslatorBase === NULL) exit (CANT_OPEN_TRANSLATOR);
sampleinput = ”this is a test”; /* a test string of 14 characters */
rtnCode = Translate(sampleinput,14,outputstring,500);

error = rtnCode + 100;

if(rtnCode != 0) goto cleanup0;

writeport = CreatePort(0,0);
if(writeport == NULL) { error=CREATE_PORT_PROBLEMS; goto cleanup]; }
readport = CreatePort(0,0);
if(readport === NULL) { error=CREATE_PORT_PROBLEMS:; goto cleanup2; }
writeNarrator = (struct narrator_rb *)CreateExtlO(writeport,

sizeof(struct narrator_rb));
if(writeNarrator === NULL) { error—=CREATE_IO_PROBLEMS; goto cleanup3; }
readNarrator = (struct mouth_rb *)CreateExtIO(readport,

sizeof(struct mouth_rb));

if(readNarrator === NULL) { error—=CREATE_IO_PROBLEMS; goto cleanup4; }
/* SET UP PARAMETERS FOR WRITE-MESSAGE TO THE NARRATOR DEVICE */

/* show where to find the channel masks */
writeNarrator- >ch_masks = (audChanMasks);

/* and tell it how many of them there are */
writeNarrator- >nm_masks = sizeof(audChanMasks);

/* tell it where to find the string to speak */
writeNarrator- > message.io_Data = (APTR)outputstring;

/* tell it how many characters the translate function returned */
writeNarrator- > message.io_Length = strlen(outputstring);

/* if nonzero, asks that mouths be calculated during speech */
writeNarrator- > mouths = 1;

/* tell it this is a write-command */
writeNarrator- > message.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;

/* Open the device */

error = OpenDevice(” narrator.device”, 0, writeNarrator, 0);
if(error !== 0) goto cleanup4;

/* SET UP PARAMETERS FOR READ-MESSAGE TO THE NARRATOR DEVICE */

/* tell narrator for whose speech a mouth is to be generated */

Narrator Device 369

read Narrator- > voice.message.io_Device =
writeNarrator- > message.io_Device;

read Narrator- > voice.message.io_Unit =
writeNarrator- > message.io_Unit;

read Narrator-> width = 0;
readNarrator- >height = 0; /* initial mouth parameters */

read Narrator- > voice.message.io_Command = CMD_READ;
/* initial error value */
read Narrator- > voice.message.io_Error = 0;

/* Send an asynchronous write request to the device */

writeError = SendJO(writeNarrator);
if(writeError !== NULL) { error—=CANT_PERFORM_WRITE; goto cleanup5; }

/* return immediately, run tasks concurrently */
/* keep sending reads until it comes back saying ”no write in progress” */

while((readError = read Narrator- >voice.message.io_Error) !=

ND_NoWrite)
{

DolO(read Narrator);

/* put task to sleep waiting for a different mouth shape

* or return of the message block with the error field

* showing no write in progress

=)

DrawMouth(read Narrator- > width,read Narrator- > height);
/* user’s own unique routine, not provided here */

}

Delay(30);

rtnCode = Translate(” No it is not” ,13,outputstring,500);

writeNarrator- >sex = FEMALE;

writeNarrator- > pitch = MAXPITCH; /* raise pitch from default value */
writeNarrator- >message.io_Data = (APTR)outputstring;
writeNarrator- > message.io_Length = strlen(outputstring);
DolO(writeNarrator);

Delay(30);

rtnCode = Translate(” Please! I am speaking now!” ,26,outputstring,500);
writeNarrator- >sex = MALE;

370 Narrator Device

writeNarrator- > pitch = DEFPITCH;

writeNarrator- > message.io_Data = (APTR)outputstring;
writeNarrator- > message.io_Length = strlen(outputstring);
DolO(writeNarrator);

Delay(30);

rtnCode = Translate(
” Well, you are not very interesting, sol am going home!”,
55,outputstring,500);
writeNarrator- >sex = FEMALE;
writeNarrator- > pitch = MAXPITCH;
writeNarrator- > message.io_Data = (APTR)outputstring;
writeNarrator- >message.io_Length = strlen(outputstring);
DolO(writeNarrator);

Delay(30);

rtnCode = Translate(” Bye Bye” ,7,outputstring,500);
writeNarrator- >sex = MALE;

writeNarrator- > pitch = DEFPITCH;
writeNarrator->rate = 7; /* slow him down */
writeNarrator- > message.io_ Data = (APTR)outputstring;
writeNarrator- > message.io_Length = strlen(outputstring);
DolO(writeNarrator);

cleanupd:
if(writeNarrator != 0)
CloseDevice(writeNarrator);
/* terminate access to the device */

/* now return system memory to the memory allocator */

cleanup4:
if(readNarrator != 0)
DeleteExtIO(read Narrator,sizeof(struct mouth_rb));
cleanups:
if(write Narrator != 0)
DeleteExtIO(writeNarrator,sizeof(struct narrator_rb));

cleanup2:
if(readport != 0)
DeletePort(read port);
cleanupl:

if(writeport != 0)
DeletePort(writeport);

Narrator Device 371

cleanup0O:
if(TranslatorBase != 0)
CloseLibrary(TranslatorBase);
/* terminate access to the library */

if(error != 0) exit(error);
\ /* end of test */

DrawMouth(w,h)
SHORT w,h;
f return(0); /* dummy routine */ }

int strlen(string)
char *string;
{
int i,length;
length = -1;
for(i=0; i<256; i++) /* 256 characters max length at this time */
{
if(*string++ —=—’ ’) { length = i+1; break; };

}

return(length);

The loop continues to send read requests to the narrator device until the write request has com-
pleted. Then the program cleans up and exits.

You can experiment with the narrator device by using values other than the default, changing
them before the write command is sent to the device.

How to Write Phonetically for Narrator

This section describes in detail the procedure used to specify phonetic strings to the Narrator
speech synthesizer. No previous experience with phonetics is required. The only thing you may
need is a good pronouncing dictionary for those times when you doubt your own ears. You do
not have to learn a foreign language or computer language. You are just going to learn how to
write down the English that comes out of your own mouth. In writing phonetically you do not
have to know how a word is spelled, just how it is said.

Narrator works on utterances at the sentence level. Even if you want to say only one word,

Narrator will treat it as a complete sentence. ‘Therefore, Narrator wants one of two punctua-
tion marks to appear at the end of every sentence —a period (.) or a question mark (°). If no

372 Narrator Device

punctuation appears at the end of a string, Narrator will append a period to it. The period is
used for almost all utterances and will cause a final fall in pitch to occur at the end of a sen-
tence. The question mark is used at the end of yes/no questions only, and results in a final rise
in pitch. For example, the question, Do you enjoy using your Amiga? would take a question
mark at the end because the answer to the question is either yes or no. The question, What ts
your favorite color? would not take a question mark and should be followed by a period. Narra-
tor recognizes other punctuation marks as well, but these are left for later discussion.

PHONETIC SPELLING

Utterances are usually written phonetically using an alphabet of symbols known as I.P.A. (for
“International Phonetic Alphabet”). This alphabet is found at the front of most good dic-
tionaries. The symbols can be hard to learn and are not available on computer keyboards, so
the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) came up with Arpabet, a way of representing
each symbol using one or two upper-case letters. Narrator uses an expanded version of Arpabet
to specify phonetic sounds.

A phonetic sound, or phoneme, is a basic speech sound, almost a speech atom. Working back-
wards, sentences can be broken into words, words into syllables, and syllables into phonemes.
The word cat has three letters and (coincidentally) three phonemes. Looking at the table of
phonemes we find the three sounds that make up the word cat. They are K, AE, and T, writ-
ten as KAET. The word cent translates as S, EH, N and T, or SEHNT. Notice that both
words begin with a c but because the c says k in cat we use the phoneme K. In cent the c says
sso we use the phoneme S. You may also have noticed that there is no C phoneme.

The above example illustrates that a word rarely sounds like it looks in English spelling. These
examples introduce you to a very important concept: spell it like it sounds, not like it looks.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT VOWEL

Phonemes, like letters, are divided into the two categories of vowels and consonants. Loosely
defined, a vowel is a continuous sound made with the vocal cords vibrating and air exiting the
mouth (as opposed to the nose). All vowels use a two-letter code. A consonant is any other
sound, such as those made by rushing air (like S or TH), or by interruptions in air flow by the
lips or tongue (like B or T). Consonants use a one- or two-letter code.

In English we write with only five vowels: a, e, i, o and u. It would be easy if we only sazd five
vowels. Unfortunately, we say more than 15 vowels. Narrator provides for most of them. You
choose the proper vowel by listening. Say the word out loud, perhaps extending the vowel
sound you want to hear. Compare the sound you are making to the sounds made by the vowels
in the example words to the right of the phoneme list. For example, the a in apple sounds the
same as the a in cat, not like the as in Amiga, talk, or made. Notice also that some of the

Narrator Device 373

example words in the list do not even use any of the same letters contained in the phoneme
code; for example, AA as in hot.

Vowels are divided into two groups: those that maintain the same sound throughout their
durations and those that change their sound. The ones that change are called diphthongs.
Some of us were taught the terms long and short to describe vowel sounds. Diphthongs fall into
the long category, but these two terms are inadequate to fully differentiate between vowels and
should be avoided. The diphthongs are the last six vowels listed in the table. Say the word
made out loud very slowly. Notice how the a starts out like the e in bet but ends up like the e
in beet. The a therefore is a diphthong in this word and we would use EY to represent it.
Some speech synthesis systems require you to specify the changing sounds in diphthongs as
separate elements, but Narrator takes care of the assembly of diphthongal sounds for you.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT CONSONANT

Consonants are divided into many categories by phoneticians, but we need not concern our-
selves with most of them. Picking the correct consonant is very easy if you pay attention to
just two categories: voiced and unvoiced. A voiced consonant is made with the vocal cords
vibrating, and an unvoiced one is made when the vocal cords are silent. Sometimes English uses
the same letter combinations to represent both. Compare the th in thin and in then. Notice that
the first is made with air rushing between the tongue and upper teeth. In the second, the vocal
cords are vibrating also. The voiced th phoneme is DH, the unvoiced is TH. Therefore, thin is
spelled TH, IH, N or THIHN, and then is spelled DH, EH, N or DHEHN. A sound that is par-
ticularly subject to mistakes is voiced and unvoiced s spelled Zor S. To put it clearly, bats
ends in S, suds ends in Z. What kind of s does closet have? How about close? Say all of these
words out loud to find out. Actually close changes its meaning when the s is voiced or unvoiced:
I love to be close to you. versus Whai tame do you close?

Another sound that causes some confusion is the r sound. ‘There are two different r-like
phonemes in the Narrator alphabet: R under the consonants and ER under the vowels. Which
one do you use? Use ER if the r sound is the vowel sound in the syllable. Words that take ER
are absurd, computer and flirt. Use R if the r sound precedes or follows another vowel sound in

that syllable, such as in car, write, or craft. Rooster uses both kinds of r. Can you tell which is
which?

CONTRACTIONS AND SPECIAL SYMBOLS

There are several phoneme combinations that appear very often in English words. Some of
these are caused by our laziness in pronunciation. Take the word connector for example. The o
in the first syllable is almost swallowed out of existence. You would not use the AA phoneme;
you would use the AX instead. It is because of this relaxation of vowels that we find ourselves
using AX and IX very often. Since this relaxation frequently occurs before 1, m and n, Narrator

374 Narrator Device

has a shortcut for typing these combinations. Instead of personal being spelled PERSIXNAXL,
we can spell it PERSINUL, making it a little more readable. Anomaly goes from AXNAAMAX-
LIY to UNAAMULIY, and KAAMBIXNEYSHIXN becomes KAAMBINEYSHIN for combina-
tion. It may be hard to decide whether to use the AX or IX brand of relaxed vowel. The only
way to find out is to try both and see which sounds best.

Other special symbols are used internally by Narrator. Sometimes they are inserted into or sub-
stituted for part of your input sentence. You can type them in directly if you wish. The most
useful is probably the Q or glottal stop; an interruption of air flow in the glottis. The word
Atlantic has one between the t and the /. Narrator knows there should be a glottal stop there
and saves you the trouble of typing it. But Narrator is only close to perfect, so sometimes a
word or word pair might slip by that would have sounded better with a Q stuck in someplace.

STRESS AND INTONATION

It is not enough to tell Narrator what you want said. For the best results you must also tell
Narrator how you want it said. In this way you can alter a sentence’s meaning, stress impor-
tant words, and specify the proper accents in polysyllabic words. These things improve the
naturalness and thus the intelligibility of Narrator’s spoken output.

Stress and intonation are specified by the single digits 1-9 following a vowel phoneme code.
Stress and intonation are two different things but are specified by a single number. Stress is,
among other things, the elongation of a syllable. Because a syllable is either stressed or not, the
presence of a number after the vowel in a syllable indicates stress on that syllable. The value of
the number indicates the intonation. From this point onward, these numbers will be referred to
as stress marks. Intonation here means the pitch pattern or contour of an utterance. The
higher the stress mark, the higher the potential for an accent in pitch (a rise and fall). A
sentence’s basic contour is comprised of a quickly rising pitch gesture up to the first stressed
syllable in the sentence, followed by a slowly declining tone throughout the sentence, and finally
a quick fall to a low pitch on the last syllable. The presence of additional stressed syllables
causes the pitch to break its slow, declining pattern with rises and falls around each stressed
syllable. Narrator uses a very sophisticated procedure to generate natural pitch contours based
on how you mark the stressed syllables.

HOW AND WHERE TO PUT THE STRESS MARKS

The stress marks go immediately to the right of vowel phoneme codes. The word cat has its
stress marked after the AE so we get KAE5T or KAE9T. You generally have no choice about
the location of a number; there is definitely a right and wrong location. Either a number should
go after a vowel or it should not. Narrator will not flag an error if you forget to put a stress
mark in or if you place one on the wrong vowel. It will only tell you if a stress mark is in the
wrong place, such as after a consonant.

Narrator Device 375

The rules for placing stress marks are as follows:

Always place a stress mark in a content word. A content word is one that contains
some meaning. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives are all content words. Boat, huge, tonsils
and hypertensive are all content words; they tell the listener what you are talking
about. Words like but, the, if and is are not content words. They do not convey any
real-world meaning at all but are required to make the sentence function. Thus, they
are given the name function words.

Always place a stress mark on the accented syllable(s) of polysyllabic words, whether
they are content or function words. A polysyllabic word is any word of more than one
syllable. Commodore has its stress (or accent as it is often called) on the first syllable
and would be spelled KAASMAXDOHR. Computer is stressed on the second syllable,
producing KUMPYUW5STER.

If you are in doubt about which syllable gets the stress, look the word up in a diction-
ary and you will find an accent mark over the stressed syllable. If more than one syll-
able in a word receives stress, they usually are not of equal value. These are referred to
as primary and secondary stresses. The word understand has its first and last syllables
stressed, with stand getting primary stress and wun secondary, which produces
AHINDERSTAEAND. Syllables with secondary stress should be marked with a value
of only 1 or 2.

Compound words (words with more than one root) such as base/ball, soft/ware,
lunch/wagon, and house/boat can be written as one word but should be thought of as
separate words when marking stress. Thus, lunchwagon would be spelled
LAH5NCHWAE2GIN. Notice that lunch got a higher stress mark than wagon. This is
common in compound words; the first word usually receives the primary stress.

WHAT STRESS VALUE DO I USE?

If you get the spelling and stress mark positions correct, you are 95 percent of the way to a
good sounding sentence. The next thing to do is decide on the stress mark values. They can be
roughly related to parts of speech, and you can use table 12-1 as a guide to assigning values.

376

Narrator Device

Table 12-1: Recommended Stress Values

Part of Speech Stress Value

Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Quantifiers
Exclamations
Articles
Prepositions

(no stress)

Conjunctions
Secondary stress

—- OOWodDAda NIN ot Rh W Ol

(sometimes 2)

The above values merely suggest a range. If you want attention directed to a certain word,
raise its value. If you want to downplay a word, lower it. Sometimes even a function word can
be the focus of a sentence. It is quite conceivable that the word “to” in the sentence “Please
deliver this to Mr. Smith.” could receive a stress mark of 9. This would add focus to the word
“to” indicating that the item should be delivered to Mr. Smith in person.

PUNCTUATION

In addition to the period or question mark that is required at the end of a sentence, Narrator
recognizes several other punctuation marks: dashes, commas, and parentheses. The comma goes
where you would normally put a comma in an English sentence. It causes Narrator to pause
with a slightly rising pitch, indicating that there is more to come. The use of additional
commas—that is, more than would be required for written English—is often helpful. They
serve to set clauses off from one another. There is a tendency for a listener to lose track of the
meaning of a sentence if the words run together. Read your sentence aloud while pretending to
be a newscaster. The locations for additional commas should leap out at you.

The dash serves almost the same purpose as the comma, except that the dash does not cause
the pitch to rise so severely. A rule of thumb is: Use dashes to divide phrases, commas to
divide clauses. For a definition of these terms, consult a high school English book.

Parentheses provide additional information to Narrator’s intonation routine. They should be
put around noun phrases of two or more content words. This means that the noun phrase, “a
giant yacht” should be surrounded with parentheses because it contains two content words,
giant and yacht. The phrase my friend should not have parentheses around it because it con-
tains only one content word. Noun phrases can get pretty big, like “the silliest guy I ever saw”’

Narrator Device 377

or ‘‘a big basket of fruit and nuts.” The parentheses really are most effective around these large
phrases; the smaller ones can sometimes go without. The effect of parentheses is subtle, and in
some sentences you might not even notice their presence. In sentences of great length, however,
they help provide for a very natural contour.

HINTS FOR INTELLIGIBILITY

There are a few tricks you can use to improve the intelligibility of a sentence. Often, a polysyl-
labic word is more recognizable than a monosyllabic word. For instance, instead of saying huge,
say enormous. The longer version contains information in every syllable, thus giving the
listener three times the chance to hear it correctly. This can be taken to extremes, so try not to
say things like “This program has a plethora of insects in it.”

Another good practice is to keep sentences to an optimal length. Writing for reading and writ-
ing for speaking are two different things. Try not to write a sentence that cannot be easily spo-
ken in one breath. Such a sentence tends to give the impression that the speaker has an infinite
lung capacity. Try to keep sentences confined to one main idea. A run-on sentence tends to
lose its meaning after a while.

New terms should be highly stressed the first time they are heard. If you are doing a tutorial or
something similar, stress a new term at its first occurrence. All subsequent occurrences of that
term need not be stressed as highly because it is now ‘‘old news.”

The above techniques are but a few ways to enhance the performance of Narrator. You will
probably find some of your own. Have fun. |

EXAMPLE OF ENGLISH AND PHONETIC TEXTS

Cardiomyopathy. I had never heard of it before, but there it was listed as the form of heart
disease that felled not one or two but all three of the artificial heart recipients. A little research
produced some interesting results. According to an article in the Nov. 8, 1984, New England
Journal of Medicine, cigarette smoking causes this lethal disease that weakens the heart’s pump-
ing power. While the exact mechanism is not clear, Dr. Arthur J. Hartz speculated that nicotine
or carbon monoxide in the smoke somehow poisons the heart and leads to heart failure.

KAAIRDIYOWMAYAASPAXTHIY. AY /HAED NEHIVER HER4D AXV IHT BIXFOHSR,
BAHT DHEH5R IHT WAHZ - LIH4STIXD AEZ (DHAX FOH5RM AXV /HAASRT DIHZTY5Z)
DHAET FEH4LD (NAAT WAHS5N OHR TUW5S) - BAHT (AO7L THRIY5 AXV DHAX
AASRTAXFIHSHUL /HAASRT ~~ RIXSIHSPIYINTS). (AH LIH5TUL RIXSER5CH)
PROHDUW5ST (SAHM IH5NTRIHSTIHNX RIXZAHSLTS). AHKOHS5RDIHNX TUW (AEN
AASRTIHKUL IHN DHAX NOWVEHSMBER EY2TH NAYSNTIYNEYTIYFOHIR NUW
IYSNXGLIND JERS5NUL AXV MEHSDIXSIN), (SIHSGEREHT SMOWSKIHNX) KAO4ZIHZ

378 Narrator Device

(DHIHS LIY5THUL DIHZIY5Z) DHAET WIY4KINZ (DHAX /HAA5RTS PAH4MPIHNX
PAW2ER). WAYL (DHIY IHGZAE5KT MEHS5KINIXZUM) IHZ NAAT KLIY5R, DAA5KTER
AA5RTHER JEY2 /HAASRTS SPEHS5KYULEYTIHD DHAET NIH5KAXTIYN OHR
KAA5RBIN MUNAASKSAYD JTHN DHAX SMOW5K - SAH5M/HAW1 POY4ZINZ DHAX
/HAASRT - AEND LIY4DZ TUW (/HAASRT FEYSLYER).

CONCLUDING REMARKS

This guide should get you off to a good start in phonetic writing for Narrator. The only way to
get really proficient is to practice. Many people become good at it in as little as one day. Oth-
ers make continual mistakes because they find it hard to let go of the rules of English spelling,
so trust your ears.

The More Technical Explanation

The SoftVoice speech synthesis system is a computer model of the human speech production
process. It attempts to produce accurately spoken utterances of any English sentence, given
only a phonetic representation as input. Another program in the system, Translator, derives
the required phonetic spelling from English text. Timing and pitch contour are produced
automatically by the synthesizer software.

In humans, the physical act of producing speech sounds begins in the lungs. To create a voiced
sound, the lungs force air through the vocal folds (sometimes called the vocal cords), which are
held under tension and which periodically interrupt the flow of air, thus creating a buzz-like
sound. This buzz, which has a spectrum rich in harmonics, then passes through the vocal tract
and out the lips, which alters its spectrum drastically. This is because the vocal tract acts as a
frequency filter, selectively reinforcing some harmonics and suppressing others.

It is this filtering that gives a speech sound its identity. The amplitude versus frequency graph
of the filtering action is called the vocal tract transfer function. Changing the shape of the
throat, tongue, and mouth retunes the filter system to accent different frequencies.

The sound travels as a pressure wave through the air, and it causes the listener’s eardrum to
vibrate. The ear and brain of the listener decodes the incoming frequency pattern. From this
the listener can subconsciously make a judgment about what physical actions were performed
by the speaker to make the sound. Thus the speech chain is completed, the speaker having
encoded his physical actions on a buzz via selective filtering and the listener having turned the
sound into guesses about physical actions by frequency decoding.

Narrator Device 379

Now that we know how we do it, how does a machine do it? It turns out that the vocal tract is
not random, but tends to accentuate energy in narrow regions called formants. The formant
positions move smoothly as we speak, and it is the formant frequencies to which our ears are
sensitive. So, luckily, we do not have to model throat, tongue, teeth and lips with our com-
puter, we can imitate formant action.

A good representation of speech requires up to five formants, but only the lowest three are
required for intelligibility. We begin with an oscillator that produces a waveform similar to that
which is produced by the vocal folds, and we pass it through a series of resonators, each tuned
to a different formant frequency. By controlling the volume and pitch of the oscillator and the
frequencies of the resonators, we can produce highly intelligible and natural-sounding speech.
Of course the better the model, the better the speech; but more importantly, experience has
shown that the better the control of the model’s parameters, the better the speech.

Oscillators, volume controls and resonators can all be simulated mathematically in software, and
it is by this method that the SoftVoice system operates. The input phonetic string 1s converted
into a series of target values for the various parameters illustrated. A system of rules then
operates on the string to determine things such as the duration of each phoneme and the pitch
contour. Transitions between target values are created and smoothed to produce natural con-
tinuous changes from one sound to the next.

New values are computed for each parameter for every 8 milliseconds of speech, which produces
about 120 acoustic changes per second. These values drive a mathematical model of the speech
synthesizer. The accuracy of this simulation is quite good. Human speech has more formants

than the SoftVoice model, but they are low in energy content.

The human speech production mechanism is a complex and wonderful thing. The more we
learn about it, the better we can make our computer simulations. Meanwhile, we can use syn-
thetic speech as yet another computer output device to enhance the man/machine dialogue.

Table of Phonemes

Table 12-2 lists all the available phonemes.

380 Narrator Device

Table 12-2: Phonemes

Vowels

Phoneme Example Phoneme Example

LY beet IH bit
EH bet AE bat
AA hot AH under
AO talk UH look
ER bird OH border
AX* about [X* solid

*AX and [X should never be used in stressed syllables.

Diphthongs

Phoneme Example Phoneme Example

EY made AY hide
OY boil AW power
OW low UW crew
Consonants
Phoneme Example Phoneme Example
R red L yellow
W away Y yellow
M men N men
NX sing SH rush
S sail TH thin
F fed ZH pleasure
Z has DH then
V very J judge
CH check /C loch
/H hole P put
B but T toy
D dog G guest
K Commodore

Narrator Device 381

Digits 1-9

382 Narrator Device

Special Symbols

Phoneme Example
DX pity (tongue flap)
Q kitt_en (glottal stop)
Qx pause (silent vowel)
RX car (postvocalic
LX call R and L)
Contractions
(see text)

UL = AXL

IL = IXL

UM = AXM

IM = IXM

UN = AXN

IN = ‘DON

Digits and Punctuation

Syllabic stress, ranging from secondary through emphatic

Period — sentence final character
Question mark —sentence final character

Dash — phrase delimiter

Comma— clause delimiter
Parentheses— noun phrase delimiters (see text)

Chapter 13

Serial Device

This chapter describes software access to the serial port. The serial device is accessed via the

standard system device-access routines and provides some additional functions specifically
appropriate to use of this device.

Introduction

The serial device can be opened in either exclusive access mode or shared mode. It can be set to
transmit and receive many different baud rates (send and receive baud rates are identical). It
can support a seven-wire handshaking as well as a three-wire interconnect to a serial hardware

Serial Device 383

device. Handshaking and access mode must be specified before the serial device is opened.
Other serial parameters can be specified using the SDCMD_SETPARAMS command after
the device has been opened.

Opening the Serial Device

Typically, you open the serial device by using the following function calls:

LONG error;
struct Port *mySerPort;
struct IOExtSer *mySerReq;

/* create a reply port to which serial device can return the request */
mySerPort = CreatePort(” mySerial” ,O);
if(mySerPort == NULL) exit(100); /* can’t create port? */

/* create a request block appropriate to serial * /
mySerReq = (struct IOExtSer *)CreateExtIO(mySerPort,
sizeof(struct IOExtSer));
if(mySerReq == NULL) goto cleanup]; /* error during CreateExtIO? */

mySerReq->io_SerF lags = 0;

/* Accept the default, i.e., exclusive Access and XON/XOFF protocol
* is enabled. Remaining flags all zero, see devices/serial.h

* for bit-positions. Definitions included in this chapter. */

error = OpenDevice(”serial.device” ,0,mySerReq,0);
if(error != 0) goto cleanup2; /* device not available? * /

cleanup2:

DeleteExtIO(mySerRegq,sizeof(struct IOExtSer));
cleanupI:

DeletePort(mySerPort);

The routines CreatePort() and DeletePort() are part of amiga.lib. Information about the
routines CreateExtIO() and DeleteExtIO() can be found in the appendixes of the Amiga
ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec.

During the open, the only flags that the serial device pays any attention to are the
shared/exclusive-access flag and the seven-wire flag (the seven-wire flag enables RS-232-C
DTR/DSR,RTS/CTS handshaking protocol). All other bits in io_SerFlags are ignored. How-

ever, for consistency, the other flag bits should be set to zero when the device is opened.

384 Serial Device

When the serial device is opened, it opens the timer device and then allocates an input buffer of
the size last used (default and minimum = 512 bytes). As with any of the other serial port
parameters, you can later change the value used for the read buffer size with the
SDCMD_SETPARMS command. The OpenDevice() routine will fill the latest parameter
settings into the io_Request block.

Once the serial device is opened, all characters received will be saved, even if there is no current
request for them. Note that a parameter change cannot be performed while an I/O request is
actually being processed, because it would invalidate request-handling already in progress.
Therefore you must ure SDCMD_SETPARAMS only when you have no serial I/O requests
pending.

Reading from the Serial Device

You read from the serial device by sending your IORequest (IOExtSer) to the device with a
read command. You specify how many bytes are to be transferred and where the data is to be
placed. Depending on how you have set your parameters, the request may read the requested
number of characters or it may terminate early.

Here is a sample read command:

char myDataArea([100];
my SerReq- >IOSer.io_Data = &myDataArea[0]; /* where to put the data */

my SerReq- >IOSer.io_Length = 100; /* read 100 characters * /
my SerReq- >IOSer.io_Command = CMD_READ;/* say it is a read */
DoIO(mySerReq); /* synchronous request * /

If you use this example, your task will be put to sleep waiting until the serial device reads 100
bytes (or terminates early) and copies them into your read-buffer. Early termination can be
caused by error conditions or by the serial device sensing an end of file condition.

Note that the io_Length value, if set to -1, tells the serial device that you want to read a null-
terminated string. The device will read all incoming characters up to and including a byte
value of Ox00 in the input stream and will then report to you an io_Actual value that is the
actual length of the string, excluding the 0 value. Be aware that you must encounter a O value
in the input stream before the system fills up the buffer you have specified. The io_Length is,
for all practical purposes, indefinite. Therefore, you could potentially overwrite system memory
if you never encountered the null termination (zero value byte) in the input stream.

Serial Device 385

FIRST ALTERNATIVE MODE FOR READING

As an alternative to DoIO() you can use SendIO() to transmit the command to the device. In
this case, your task can go on to do other things while the serial device is collecting the bytes
for you. You can occasionally do a CheckIO(mySerRegq) to see if the I/O is completed.

struct Message *myIQO;

/* same code as in above example, except: */

SendIO(mySerReq);

/* do something */
/* (user code) */
myIO = CheckIO(mySerReq);
if(myIO != FALSE) goto ioDone; /* this IO is done */

/* do something else * /
/* (user code) */

WaitIO(mySerReq);

mylO = mySerRegq; /* if had to wait, need a value for myIO */
}

ioDone:

Remove(mySerPort->mp_MsgList,myIO);
/* use the Remove function rather than the GetMsg function */

/* now check for errors, and so on. */

The Remove() function is used instead of the GetMsg() function to demonstrate that you
might have established only one port at which all of your I/O requests will be returned, and you
may be checking each request, in turn, with CheckIO() to see if it has completed (maybe a
disk request, a serial request and a parallel request, all simultaneously outstanding, all using
SendIO() to transmit their commands to the respective devices).

It is possible that while you are doing other things and checking for completion of I/O, one dev-
ice may complete its operations and append its message block to your reply port while you are
about to check the status of a later-arriving block. If you find that this later one has completed
and you call GetMsg(), you will remove whichever message is at the head of the list. This
message may not necessarily be the one you expect to be removing from the port. CheckIO()
returns the address of the IORequest if the I/O is complete, and you can use this address for
the Remove() function to remove the correct request block for processing and reuse.

386 Serial Device

SECOND ALTERNATIVE MODE FOR READING

Instead of transmitting the read command with either DoIO() or SendIO(), you might elect to
use BeginIO(), (the lowest level interface to a device) with the “quick I/O” bit set in the
io_F lags field.

/* same code as in read example, except: */

mySerReq- >IOSer.io_Flags = IOF_QUICK; /* use QUICKIO */
BeginIO(mySerReq);

The serial device may support quick I/O for certain read requests. As documented in the
“Input/Output” chapter in Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec, this command may
be synchronous or asynchronous. Any write request always clears the quick I/O bit. Various
read commands may or may not clear it, depending on whether or not quick I/O occurs.

After executing the code shown above, your program needs to know if the I/O happened syn-
chronously, and it must also test to see if the I/O took place.

if((mySerReq->IOSer.io_Flags & IOF_QUICK) == 0)
{
/* QUICKIO couldn’t happen for some reason, so it did it normally...
* queued the request, cleared the QUICKIO bit, and used the equivalent
* of SendIO. Might want to have the task doing something else while
* awaiting the completion * of the I/O. After knowing it is done, must
* remove the message from the reply port for possible reuse.
*/
WaitIO(mySerReq);
/* assumes single-threaded I/O, as compared to
* the SendIO() example in the previous section * /

j
t

/* If flag is still set, IO was synchronous, [ORequest was NOT appended
* to the reply port and there is no need to remove the message from

else

* the reply port; continue on with something else.
+
)

}

The way you read from the device depends on your need for processing speed. Generally the
BeginIO() route provides the lowest system overhead when quick I/O is possible. However, if
quick I/O did not work, it still requires some overhead for handling of the IORequest block.

Serial Device 387

TERMINATION OF THE READ

Reading from the serial device can terminate early if an error occurs or if an end-of-file is
sensed. You can specify a set of possible end-of-file characters that the serial device is to look
for in the input stream. These are contained in an io_TermArray that you provide, using the
SDCMD_SETPARAMS command. Note: io_TermArray is used only when EOF mode is

selected.

If EOF mode is selected, each input data character read into the user’s data block is compared
against those in io_TermArray. If a match is found, the LORequest is terminated as com-
plete, and the count of characters read (including the TermChar) is stored in io_Actual. To
keep this search overhead as efficient as possible, the serial device requires that the array of
characters be in descending order (an example is shown in the summary page in the ‘‘Device
Summaries” appendix for SUCMD_SETPARAMS). The array has eight bytes and all must
be valid (that is, do not pad with zeros unless zero is a valid EOF character).

Fill to the end of the array with the least value TermChar. When making an arbitrary choice
of EOF character(s), it is advisable to use the lowest value(s) available.

Writing to the Serial Device

You can write to the serial device as well as read from it. It may be wise to have a separate
block for reading and writing to allow simultaneous operation of both reading and writing. The
sample code below creates a separate reply port and request for writing to the serial device.
Note that it assumes that the OpenDevice() function worked properly for the read. It copies
the initialized read request block to initialize the write request block. Error-checking has been
deliberately left out of this code fragment for brevity but should, of course, be provided in a
functional program.

/* code fragment to ”clone” an existing serial I/O request block instead of
* opening the device once for read and once for write */

/* pointer to an existing serial read request block initialized by a
* call to OpenDevice(SERIALNAME,0,mySerRegq,0) */

struct I[OExtSer *mySerReq;

LONG 1;

BYTE *b,*c;

struct Port *mySerWritePort; /* pointer to a MsgPort at which to receive
* replies to write requests * /

struct IOExtSer *mySerWriteReq; /* pointer to a new request block for serial
* communications * /

388 Serial Device

mySerWritePort = CreatePort(” mySerialWrite’” ,O);

mySerWriteReq = (struct IOExtSer *)CreateExtIO(mySerWritePort,
sizeof(struct IOExtSer));

b = (BYTE *)mySerReq; /* start of read request block */
c = (BYTE *)mySerWriteReq; /* start of write request block */

for(i=0; i< sizeof(struct IOExtSer); i++)

*c++ = *b+-+;
my Ser WriteReq- >IOSer.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort = mySerWritePort;
/* clones the request block on a byte by byte basis */
/* Note: it might simply be easier here to have opened the serial device
* twice. This would reflect the fact that there are two ”software entities”
* that are currently using the device. However, if you are using exclusive
* access mode, this is not possible and the request block must be copied anyway.

*/

Note that this code would require the following clean-up at the termination of the program:

cleanupWritelO:
DeleteExtIO(mySerWriteReq);
cleanup WritePort:

DeletePort(mySerWritePort);

Now, to perform a write:

char dataToWrite[100];
my SerReq->IOSer.io_Data = &dataToWrite[0]; /* where to get the data */

mySerReq- >I1OSer.io_Length = n; /* write n characters */
my SerReq- >IOSer.io_Command = CMD_WRITE; /* say it is a write */
DoIO(mySerReq); /* synchronous request * /

You can use the SendIO() or BeginIO() functions as well as DoIO(). The same warnings
apply as shown above in the discussions about alternative modes of reading.

Note that if io_Length is set to -1, the serial device will output your serial buffer until it
encounters a value of Ox00 in the data. It transmits this 0 value in addition to the data to

match the technique used for serial read shown above. (You can also read data zero-
terminated).

Serial Device 389

Setting Serial Parameters

You can control the following serial parameters. The parameter name within the serial data
structure 1s shown in table 13-1. All of the fields described in this section are filled in when you
call OpenDevice() to reflect the current settings of the serial device. Thus, you need not
worry about any parameter that you do not need to change.

390

Parameter Name

io_CtlChar

io _ RBufLen

io_ExtF lags

io_Baud

io _BrkTime

Serial Device

Table 13-1: Serial Parameters

Characteristic It Controls

Control characters to use for xON, xOFF, INQ, ACK respec-
tively. Positioned within an unsigned longword in the sequence
from low address to high as listed. INQ and ACK handshaking
is not currently supported.

Size of the buffer that the serial device should allocate for
incoming data. Minimum size is 512 bytes. It will not accept a
smaller value. This buffer is dynamically allocated by the serial
device. If, as you do an SDCMD_SETPARAMS command,
it senses a difference between its current value and the value of
buffer size you request, it deallocates the old buffer and allo-
cates a new one. Note that it discards all characters that may
already be in that old buffer and that you may not have yet
had a chance to read. Thus it is wise to make sure that you do
not attempt buffer size changes (or any change to the serial
device, for that matter) while any I/O is actually taking place.

Reserved for future use.

The real baud rate you wish to use. A long value from 110 to
292,000. When a value of 110 is requested, it defaults to 112
(the lowest value the hardware can support). Although baud
rates above 19,200 are supported by the hardware, software
overhead may limit your ability to ‘“‘catch”’ every single charac-
ter that should be received. Output data rate, however, 1s not
software-dependent.

If you issue a break command, this variable specifies how long,
in microseconds, the break condition lasts. This value controls
the break time for all future break commands until modified by

another SDCMD_SETPARAMS.

io_TermArray

io ReadLen
io_WriteLen
io _StopBits

io SerF lags

SERIAL FLAGS

A byte-array of eight termination characters, must be in des-
cending order. If EKOFMODE is set in the serial flags, this
array specifies eight possible choices of character to use as an
end of file mark. See the section above titled ‘‘Termination of
the Read” and the SDCMD_SETPARAMS summary page

in the “Device Summaries” appendix for more information.
How many bits per read character; typically a value of 7 or 8.
How many bits per write character; typically a value of 7 or 8.

How many stop bits are to be expected when reading a charac-
ter and to be produced when writing a character; typically 1.
A value of 2 is allowed if io_ WriteLen = 7.

Explained below; see ‘Serial Flags.”

Bit Active Function
0 low Busy
1 low Paper out
2 low Select
3 low Data set ready
4 low Clear to send
5 low Carrier detect
6 = low Ready to send
7 ~~ low Data terminal ready
8 high Read overrun
9 high Break sent
10 ~— high Break received
11 high Transmit x-OFFed
12 = high Receive x-OF Fed
13-15 (not) (reserved )

Table 13-2 shows the flags that can be set to affect the operation of the serial device. Note that
the default state of all of these flags is zero.

Serial Device 391

Flag Name

SERB_XDISABLED
SERB_EOFMODE

SERB_SHARED

SERB_RAD_BOOGIE

SERB_QUEUEDBRK

392 Serial Device

Effect on Device Operation

Disable XON-XOFF feature.

Set this bit if you want the serial device to check I/O
characters against io_TermArray and to terminate
the ILORequest immediately if an end-of-file character
has been encountered. Note: ‘This bit can be set and
reset directly in the user’s IORequest (IOExtSer)
block without a call to SDCMD_SETPARAMS.

Set this bit if you want to allow other tasks to simul-
taneously access the serial port. The default is
exclusive-access. If someone already has the port,
whether for exclusive or shared access, and you ask for
exclusive-access, your OpenDevice() call will fail

(should be modified only at OpenDevice()).

If set, this bit activates high-speed mode. Certain peri-
pheral devices (MIDI, for example) may require high
serial throughput. Setting this bit high causes the serial
device to skip certain of its internal checking code to
speed throughput. In particular, it:

- Disables parity checking

- Bypasses XON/XOFF handling

- Uses only 8-bit character length

- Will not test for a break signal

- Automatically sets SERB_XDISABLED bit

Note that the Amiga is a multitasking system and has
immediate processing of software interrupts. If there
are other tasks running, it is possible that the serial
driver may be unable to keep up with high data
transfer rates, even with this bit set.

If set, every break command that you transmit will be
enqueued. This means that the current serial output
commands will be executed in sequence. Then the
break command will be executed, all on a FIFO (first in,
first out) basis. If this bit is cleared (the default), a
break command takes immediate precedence over any
serial output already enqueued. When the break com-
mand has finished, the interrupted request will continue
(if it is not aborted by the user).

SERB_7WIRE If set (should be established only at OpenDevice()),
the serial device is to use a seven-wire handshaking for
RS-232-C communications. Default is three-wire (pins

2, 3, and 7).
SERB_PARTY_ODD If set, selects odd parity. If clear, selects even parity.
SERB_PARTY_ON If set, parity usage and checking is enabled.

SETTING THE PARAMETERS

You set the serial parameters by setting the flags and parameters as you desire and then
transmitting the command SDCMD_SETPARAMS to the device. Here is an example:

my SerReq- >IOSer.io_SerFlags &= ~ SERF_PARTY_ODD; /* ’and’ with inv¢
mySerReq- >IOSer.io_SerFlags |>= SERF_QUEUEDBRK | SERF_PARTY_ON;
mySerReq->io_BrkTime = 500000; /* 500k microseconds = 1/2 second */

my SerReq- >IOSer.io_Command = SDCMD_SETPARAMS;

DoIO(mySerReq); /* synchronous request * /

The above command would set the bits for queued break and even parity while leaving the
other flags unchanged. Notice the difference between the flag names and the flags that you
actually set using C. “SERB...’’ is the name applied to the bit position within the flag word.
“SERF...’’ is the name of a 1 bit in a mask at that bit position.

Errors from the Serial Device

The possible error returns from the serial device are listed in table 13-3.

Serial Device 393

Table 13-3: Serial Device Errors

#define SerErr_DevBusy
#define SerErr_BaudMismatch
#define SerErr_InvBaud
#define SerErr_BufErr
#-define SerErr_InvParam
#define SerErr_LineErr
#-define SerErr_NotOpen
#-define SerErr_PortReset
#-define SerErr_ParityErr
#-define SerErr_InitErr
#define SerErr_TimerErr
#define SerErr_BufOverflow 12
#define SerErr_NoDSR 13
#define SerErr_NoCTS 14
#define SerErr_DetectedBreak 15

Oeonoaa hh WD

ph meh,
—_— ©

Closing the Serial Device
When the (final, if shared access) CloseDevice() is performed, the input buffer is deallocated,
the timer device is closed, and the latest parameter settings are saved for the next open.

Typically, you close the serial device with the following function call:

CloseDevice(mySerReq);

This assumes that the serial device has completed all activities you have requested and has
returned all 1/O requests to you.

When you have finished with the serial device, it is up to you to deallocate any memory and
dependencies you might have used for the serial device communications. If you have used the
techniques shown earlier in this chapter to establish the communications in the first place, your
clean-up typically will consist of the following code:

394 Serial Device

cleanup2:

DeleteExtIO(mySerRegq,sizeof(struct IOExtSer));
cleanuplL:

DeletePort(mySerPort);
cleanupWritelO:

DeleteExtIO(mySerWriteReq);
cleanupWritePort:

DeletePort(mySerWritePort);

Example Program

Here is an example program that uses static rather than dynamic allocation of the IOExtSer
request block. It assumes that you have connected a serial terminal device to the Amiga serial
port, and it uses the baud rate you have established in Preferences. The program outputs the
following status lines to the CLI window:

Serial device opened and accepted parameters

Testing character exact-count output thru SendWaitWrite
Test string length of -1 (make system find end of string)
Type 16 characters to send to Amiga...

If no external terminal is attached, waits forever!

and outputs the following lines to the external terminal:

Device opened ok

User counts characters in string to send, or if null-terminated string, says ‘-1’

Types 16 characters to send to Amiga

At this point, you must type 16 characters on your external terminal. This sample program
does not echo characters that you type, so you will not see anything more until all 16 have been
typed. Finally the program will respond (to the external terminal) with:

You typed these printable characters:
<here it lists the 16 characters>
End of test

54321.....exit

Serial Device 395

Then the program exits, printing ‘““Test completed!” to the CLI window.

# include ” exec /types.h”

# include ” exec /nodes.h”
#include ” exec/lists.h”
#include ” exec /ports.h”
#-include ” exec/libraries.h”
#include ” exec /devices.h”
#include ” exec /io.h”
#include ” devices /serial.h”

struct IOExtSer *lORser;

struct MsgPort *port;

char buffer(200];

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();
extern struct [ORequest *CreateExtIO();

/* Note: to run this program, you must have an external terminal, set

* at 9600 baud, attached to the Amiga serial port. Additionally the

* serlal.device file must be located in the directory currently

* assigned to DEVS: (to check this, in AmigaDOS, type: ASSIGN

* then check the directory (usually the boot CLI disk volume, devs directory.)

a

main()

{
int error;
int actual;
unsigned long rb];
unsigned long brk;
unsigned long baud;
unsigned char rwl;
unsigned char wwl:
unsigned char sf;
unsigned long t0;
unsigned long tl;

/* SET UP the message port in the I/O request */
port == CreatePort (SERIALNAME,0);
if (port =— NULL) {
printf{(”\nProblems during CreatePort”);
exit(100);

j

/* Create the request block for passing info

396 Serial Device

open:

* to and from the serial device. */

IORser = (struct IOExtSer *)CreateExtIO(port,sizeof(struct IOExtSer));
if (IORser == NULL)

printf(”\nProblems during CreateExtIO” );
goto cleanupl1;

/* OPEN the serial.device */

if ((error = OpenDevice (SERIALNAME, 0, [ORser, 0)) != 0) {
printf (”Serial device did not open, error = %1d” ,error);
goto cleanupl1;

}

/* SET PARAMS for the serial.device */

rb] = 4096;
rwl == 0x08;
wwl = 0x08;
brk = 750000;
baud= 9600;
sf = 0x00;

tO = 0x51040303;
tl = 0x03030303;

if ((error = SetParams (JORser,rbl,rwl,wwl,brk,baud,sf,t0,t1)) !== 0) {
printf (’Set parameters command returned an error: %1ld” ,error);
goto cleanup2;

}

printf(” \nSerial Device opened and accepted parameters” );
WriteSer (IORser,” \n\015Device opened ok\n\015”, -1);

printf(”\nTesting character exact-count output thru SendWaitWrite” );
SendWaitWrite (IORser,

”User counts characters in string to send\n\015”, 42);

printf(”\nTest string length of -1 (make system find end of string)” );
SendWaitWrite (IORser,
or if null terminated string, say ’-1’\n\015”, -1);

printf(”\nType 16 characters to send to amiga...” );

printf(” \nIf no external terminal is attached, waits forever!!” );

WriteSer (IORser,

Serial Device 397

”\n\015Type 16 characters to send to amiga\n\015”, -1);
actual = ReadSer (IORser,buffer,16);
WriteSer (IORser,

”\n\015You typed these printable characters:\n\015”, -1);
WriteSer (IORser,buffer, actual);
WriteSer (IORser,”\n\015End of test\n\015”, -1);
WriteSer (IORser,” 54321.....exit\n\015”, 16);
printf(”\nTest completed!\n” );

/* CLOSE the serial.device */
cleanup2:

CloseDevice (IORser);
cleanupl:

DeletePort (port);

exit (0);

/* SERIAL I/O functions */
SetParams(io,rbuf_len,rlen,wlen,brk,baud,sf,ta0,ta1)

struct IOExtSer *io;
unsigned long rbuf_len;
unsigned char rlen;
unsigned char wlen;
unsigned long brk;
unsigned long baud;
unsigned char sf;
unsigned long ta0;
unsigned long tal;

{

int error;

10- >10_ReadLen = rlen;

io- >10_BrkTime = brk;

10- >10_Baud = baud;

io- >10_WriteLen = wlen;

10- >10_StopBits = 0x01;

10- >io_RBufLen == rbuf_len;
i0- >io_SerF lags == St:

io- >1OSer.io_Command = SDCMD_SETPARAMS;
io- >1i0o_TermArray.TermArray0O = ta0;
io- >io_TermArray.TermArrayl = tal;

398 Serial Device

if ((error = DolO (io)) != 0) {

printf (”serial.device setparams error %ld \n”, error);

return (error);

}

ULONG ReadSer(io,data,length)
struct IOExtSer *10;
char *data;

ULONG length;
{

int error;

io- >1OSer.io_Data = (APTR)data;
io- >1OSer.io_Length = length;
10- > lOSer.io_Command = CMD_READ;

if ((error = DolO (io)) != 0) {

printf (”serial.device read error %ld \n”, error);

return (io- >IOSer.io_Actual);

WriteSer(io,data, length)
struct IOExtSer +10;
char *data;

int length;

{

int — error;

io- >1OSer.io_Data = (APTR)data;
io- >lTOSer.io_Length = length;
10- > lOSer.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;

if ((error = DolO (io)) != 0) {

printf (”serial.device write error %ld \n”, error);

return (error);

}

ULONG SendWait Write(io,data,length)
struct IOExtSer *10;

char *data;

int length;

Serial Device 399

int error;

io- >IOSer.io_Data = (APTR)data;

io- >1OSer.io_Length = length;

io- >IOSer.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;
SendIO (io);

if ((error = WaitIO (io)) != 0) {
printf (”serial.device waitio error %ld \n”, error);
}

return (io- >IOSer.io_Actual);

400 Serial Device

Chapter 14

Parallel Device

This chapter describes software access to the parallel port. The parallel device is accessed via

the standard system device access routines and provides some additional functions specifically
appropriate to use of this device.

Introduction

The parallel device can be opened either in exclusive-access or shared mode. Other parallel dev-

ice parameters can be specified using the PDCMD_SETPARAMS command after the device has
been opened.

Parallel Device 401

Opening the Parallel Device

Typically, you open the parallel device by using the following function calls:

LONG error;
struct Port *myParPort;
struct IOExtPar *myParReq;

/* create a reply port to which parallel

* device can return the request */

myParPort = CreatePort(”myParallel” ,O);

if(myParPort == NULL) exit(100); | _/* can’t create port? */

/* create a request block appropriate to parallel */
myParReq = (struct IOExtPar *)CreateExtIO(myParPort,
sizeof(struct IOExtPar));
if(myParReq === NULL) goto cleanup]; /* error during CreateExtIO? */

my ParReq->io_ParF lags = 0; |
/* accept the default, i.e., exclusive access. Remaining flags all zero,

* see devices/parallel.h for bit-positions. Definitions included in this
* chapter. */

error = OpenDevice(” parallel.device” ,0,myParReq,0);

if(error != 0) goto cleanup2; /* device not available? */
cleanup2:

DeleteExtIO(myParRegq,sizeof(struct IOExtPar));
cleanupI1:

DeletePort(myParPort);

The routines CreatePort() and DeletePort() are part of amiga.lib. Information about the
routines CreateExtIO() and DeleteExtIO() can be found in the appendixes of the Amiga
ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec.

The parallel device is disk-resident. If it has not yet been loaded from disk, it will be read from

DEVS:parallel.device on the boot AmigaDOS disk. Its parameters will be set up from default
values.

During the opening process, the only flag used by the parallel device is the shared/exclusive-
access flag. For consistency, however, the other flag bits should be set to zero when the device
is opened.

402 Parallel Device

When the parallel device is opened, it opens the timer device and fills the latest parameter set-
tings into the io_Request block. The OpenDevice() routine will fill the latest parameter set-
tings into the io_Request block. Note that a parameter change cannot be performed while an
I/O request is being processed, because it would invalidate request handling already in progress.
Therefore, you must use PDCMD_SETPARAMS only when you have no parallel I/O
requests pending.

Reading from the Parallel Device

You read from the parallel device by sending your IORequest (IOExtPar) to the device with
a read command. You specify how many bytes are to be transferred and where the data is to
be placed. Depending on how you have set your parameters, the request may read the
sequested number of characters, or it may terminate early.

Here is a sample read command:

char myDataArea([100];
my ParReq- >1OPar.io_Data = &myDataArea/(0]; /* where to put the data «/

my ParReq- >IOPar.io_Length = 100; /* read 100 characters */
myParReq- >IOPar.io_Command = CMD_READ; /* say it is a read */
DolO(myParReq); /* synchronous request * /

If you use this example, your task will be put to sleep waiting until the parallel device reads 100
bytes (or terminates early) and copies them into your read-buffer. Early termination can be
caused by error conditions or by the parallel device sensing an end-of-file condition.

Note that the io_Length value, if set to -1, tells the parallel device that you want to read a
null-terminated string. The device will read all incoming characters up to and including a byte
value of Ox00 in the input stream, then report to you an io_Actual value that is the actual
length of the string, excluding the 0 value. Be aware that you must encounter a O value in the
input stream before the system fills up the buffer you have specified. The io_Length 1s, for all
practical purposes, indefinite. Therefore, you could potentially overwrite system memory if you
never encountered the null termination (zero-value byte) in the input stream.

Parallel Device 403

ALTERNATIVE MODE FOR READING

As an alternative to DoIO(), you can use SendIO() to transmit the command to the device.
In this case, your task can go on to do other things while the parallel device is collecting the
bytes for you. You can occasionally do a CheckIO(myParRegq) to see if the I/O is completed.

struct Message *myIO;

/* same code as in above example, except: */

SendIO(myParReq);

/* do something */
/* (user code) */
myIO = CheckIO(myParReq);
if(myIO != FALSE) goto ioDone; /* this IO is done */

/* do something else * /
/* (user code) */
WaitIO(myParRegq);
mylO = myParRegq; /* if had to wait, need a value for myIO */

j
ioDone:
Remove(myParPort- >mp_MsgList,myIO);
/* use the Remove function rather than the GetMsg function */

/* now check for errors, and so on. */

The Remove() function is used instead of the GetMsg() function to demonstrate that you
might have established only one port at which all of your I/O requests will be returned, and you
may be checking each request in turn with CheckIO() to see if it has completed. These
requests could be, for example, a disk request, a parallel request, and a serial request, all simul-
taneously outstanding and all using SendIO() to transmit their commands to the respective
devices.

It is possible that while you are doing other things and checking for completion of I/O, one dev-
ice may complete its operations and append its message block to your reply port when you are
about to check the status of a later-arriving block. If you find that this later one has completed
and you call GetMsg(), you will remove the message at the head of the list. This message may
not necessarily be the one you expect to remove from the port. CheckIO() returns the address
of the IORequest if the I/O is complete, and you can use this address for the Remove() func-
tion to remove the correct request block for processing and reuse.

404 Parallel Device

TERMINATION OF THE READ

Reading from the parallel device can terminate early if an error occurs or if end of file is sensed.
You can specify a set of possible end-of-file characters that the parallel device is to look for in
the input stream. These are contained in an io_TermArray that you provide, using the
PDCMD_SETPARAMS command. Note: io_TermArray is used only when EOF mode is

selected.

If EOF mode is selected, each input data character that is read into the user’s data block is
compared against those in io_TermArray. If a match is found, the I[ORequest is terminated
as complete, and the count of characters read (including the TermChar) is stored in
io_Actual. To keep this search overhead as efficient as possible, the parallel device requires
that the array of characters be in descending order (an example is shown in the
PDCMD_SETPARAMS summary in the ‘“‘Device Summaries” appendix. The array has
eight bytes and all must be valid (that is, do not pad with zeros unless zero is a valid EOF char-
acter). Fill to the end of the array with the least-value TermChar. When making an arbi-
trary choice of EOF character(s), it is advisable to use the lowest value(s) available.

Writing to the Parallel Device

You can write to the parallel device as well as read from it. It may be wise to have a separate
IORequest block for reading and writing to allow both operations to take place simultaneously.
If you wish to queue multiple commands to the parallel device (either read or write commands),
it is acceptable to clone (copy) the I/O request block you receive from the call to
OpenDevice(). A sample of cloning code is shown in the ‘‘Serial Device” chapter.

To perform a write:

char dataToWrite[100];
my ParReq->IOPar.io_Data = &dataToWrite[0]; /* where to get the data */

myParReq->IOPar.io_Length = n; /* write n characters */
my ParReq->IOPar.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;; /* say it is a write */
DoIO(myParReq); /* synchronous request */

You can use the SendIO() or BeginIO() functions as well as DoIO(). The same warnings
apply as shown above in the discussions about alternative modes of reading.

Note that if io Length is set to -1, the parallel device will output your parallel buffer until it
encounters a value of Ox00 in the data. It transmits this 0 value in addition to the data to
match the technique used for parallel read shown above. (You can also read data zero-
terminated.)

Parallel Device 405

Setting Parallel Parameters

You can control the parallel parameters shown in table 14-1. The parameter name within the
parallel data structure is shown below. All of the fields described in this section are filled in
when you call OpenDevice() to reflect the current settings of the parallel device. Thus, you
need not worry about any parameter that you do not need to change.

Table 14-1: Parallel Parameters

Parameter Name Characteristic It Controls
io_PExtFlags Reserved for future use.
io_PTermArray A byte-array of eight termination characters, must be in

descending order. If EOFMODE is set in the parallel flags,
this array specifies eight possible choices of character to
use as an end-of-file mark. See the
PDCMD_SETPARAMS summary page in the ‘‘Device
Summaries” appendix and the section above titled ‘“Term1-
nation of the Read” for more information.

io_ParF lags Explained below; see “Parallel Flags.”’

PARALLEL FLAGS

The flags shown in table 14-2 can be set to affect the operation of the parallel device. Note that
the default state of all of these flags is zero.

406 Parallel Device

Table 14-2: Parallel Flags

Flag Name Effect on Device Operation

PARB EOFMODE Set this bit if you want the parallel device to check I/O
characters against io_TermArray and terminate the
TORequest immediately if an end-of-file character has
been encountered. Note: This bit can be set and reset
directly in the user’s IORequest (IOExtPar) block
without a call to PDCMD_ SETPARAMS.

PARB SHARED Set this bit if you want to allow other tasks to simul-
taneously access the parallel port. The default is ex-
clusive access. If someone already has the port, whether
for exclusive or shared access, and you ask for exclusive
access, your OpenDevice() call will fail (should be
modified only at OpenDevice()).

SETTING THE PARAMETERS

You set the parallel parameters by setting the flags and parameters as you desire and then
transmitting the command PDCMD_SETPARAMS to the device. Here is an example:

my ParReq- >IOPar.io_ParFlags &= _ PARF_EOFMODE;
/* “and” with inverse * /

my ParReq- >IOPar.io_Command = PDCMD_SETPARAMS;

DoIO(myParReq); /* synchronous request * /

The above command would cancel EOFMODE (use of the io_TermArray), leaving the other
flags unchanged. Notice the difference between the flag names and the flags that you actually
set using C. “PARB...”? is the name applied to the bit position within the flag word.
“PARF...” is the name of a 1 bit in a mask at that bit position.

Errors from the Parallel Device

The possible error returns from the parallel device are listed in table 14-3.

Parallel Device 407

Table 14-3: Parallel Device Errors

#define ParErr_DevBusy
#define ParErr_BufToBig
#define ParErr_InvParam
#define ParErr_LineErr
#define ParErr_NotOpen
#define ParErr_PortReset
#define ParErr_InitErr

NIOoOo Rh WN

Closing the Parallel Device

When the (final, if shared access) CloseDevice() is performed, the timer device is closed, and
the latest parameter settings are saved for the next open.

Typically, you close the parallel device with the following function call:

CloseDevice(myParReq);

This assumes that the parallel device has completed all activities you have requested and has
returned all I/O requests to you. When you have finished with the parallel device, it is up to
you to deallocate any memory and dependencies you might have used for the parallel device
communications. If you have used the techniques shown earlier in this chapter to establish the
communications in the first place, your clean-up typically will consist of the following code:

cleanup2:

DeleteExtIO(myParRegq,sizeof(struct IOExtPar));
cleanupIL:

DeletePort(myParPort);
cleanupWrritelO:

DeleteExtIO(myParWriteReq);
cleanupWritePort:

DeletePort(myParWritePort);

408 Parallel Device

Example Program

Here is an example program that uses static rather than dynamic allocation of the IOExtPar
request block. It assumes that you have connected a parallel I/O device to the Amiga parallel

port.

#include ” exec/types.h”
#include ” exec/nodes.h”
# include ” exec/lists.h”
#include ”exec/ports.h”
#include ” exec/libraries.h”
#include ” exec/devices.h”
#include ”exec/io.h”

# include ” devices /parallel.h”

struct IOExtPar IORpar;

struct MsgPort *port;

char buffer|64000);

extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();

main()

{ .
int error;
int actual;
unsigned char pflags;
unsigned long pt0;
unsigned long ptl;

open:
/* OPEN the parallel.device */
if ((error = OpenDevice (PARALLELNAME, 0, &IORpar, 0)) != 0) {
printf ("bad news %ld on Open \n”, error);
exit (error);

}

/* SET UP the message port in the I/O request */
port = CreatePort (PARALLELNAME,0O);

IORpar.lOPar.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort — port;

/* SET PARAMS for the parallel.device */
pflags = PARF_EOFMODE;
ptO = 0x51040303;
ptl — 0x03030303:

Parallel Device 409

if ((error = setparams (pflags,pt0,pt1)) != 0) {
printf ("bad news %ld on setup \n”, error);
DeletePort();
exit (error);

}

actual = readPar (buffer,60000);

/* CLOSE the parallel.device */
CloseDevice (&I1ORpar);
DeletePort (port);
exit (0);

j
/* PARALLEL I/O functions */
setparams(pf,ta0,tal)

unsigned char pf;

unsigned long ta0;
unsigned long tal;

{
int error;
IORpar.io_ParF lags = pf;
lIORpar.[OPar.io_Command = PDCMD_SETPARAMS;
IORpar.io_PTermArray.PTermArrayO = ta0;
IORpar.io_PTermArray.PTermArrayl = tal;
if ((error = DolO (&1ORpar)) != 0) {
printf (” parallel.device setparams error %ld \n”, error);
return (error);
}
readPar(data,length)
char *data:;
ULONG length;
{
int error;

TORpar.lOPar.io_Data = data;
TORpar.lOPar.io_Length = length;
IORpar.JOPar.io_Command = CMD_READ;

410 Parallel Device

if (error = DolO (&IORpar)) != 0) {
printf (” parallel.device read error %ld \n”, error);

return (IORpar.[OPar.io_Actual);
}

writePar(data,length)
char *data;
int length;

{

int error;

1ORpar.lOPar.io_Data = data;
JORpar.JOPar.io_Length = length;
IORpar.JOPar.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;

if ((error = DolO (&IORpar)) != 0) {

printf (” parallel.device write error %ld \n”, error);

return (error);

Parallel Device 411

Chapter 15

Printer Device

Introduction

There are four basic ways of doing output to a printer on the Amiga computer and three basic
kinds of output you can send. You can send your output to these devices:

o PRT:—the DOS printer device

Printer Device 413

o SER:—the DOS serial device

o PAR:—the DOS parallel device

Oo printer.device— to directly access the printer device itself
Your output can take the following form:

o <A character stream, consisting of commands and data (if sent through DOS or directly
to the printer device)

o A command (if sent directly to the printer device)
o A graphics dump (also sent directly to the printer device)

The following section explains the various possible access pathways to the printer itself, along
with the advantages and disadvantages of each pathway.

PRT:— THE AMIGADOS PRINTER DEVICE

PRT: is the AmigaDOS printer device. By using the Workbench Preferences tool, you can
direct the output to either a serial or parallel printer, which is the generic printer configured on
the system. You may print (output) escape sequences to PRT: to specify the options you want.
The escape sequences you send are interpreted by the printer driver and (usually different)
escape sequences are forwarded to the printer. This is by far the easiest method for most appli-
cations. PRT: may be opened just like any other AmigaDOS file.

SER:— THE AMIGADOS SERIAL DEVICE

SER: is the AmigaDOS serial device. If you “know” that the printer is connected to the serial
port (you should not) and you “know” what kind of printer it is (again, you should not) then
you could use AmigaDOS to open SER: and output characters to it, causing it to print. This
practice 1s strongly discouraged! Characters you send are not examined or converted.

PAR:— THE AMIGADOS PARALLEL DEVICE

PAR: is the AmigaDOS parallel device. The warnings given in the paragraph above apply here
as well.

414 Printer Device

THE PRINTER DEVICE

By opening the Exec printer device directly, you have full control over the printer. You can
either send escape sequences as shown in the command definitions table below for printer con-
trol or call the RawWrite() routine to send raw characters directly to your printer with no
processing at all. Using this technique would be similar to sending raw characters to SER: or
PAR: from AmigaDOS (but you do not need to know which one is connected to the printer).
Also note that all “commands” to the printer transmitted through the DOS printer access path
must take the form of a character stream. Direct access to the printer device allows you to
transmit other commands, such as reset or flush or, for graphics dumps, DumpRPort() (dump
a raster to a graphics-capable printer).

Printer Device Output

The printer device can be thought of as kind of a filter, in that some printers respond in one
way to a command output and some respond in another. The printer device, as a standard
printer interface, recognizes command sequences. Depending on the _ printer-dependent
configuration that is currently loaded (by the Preferences tool), the printer device either ignores
the command sequences or perhaps translates them into an entirely different sequence that this
printer can actually understand and obey.

Opening the AmigaDOS Printer Device

You can open the DOS printer device just as though it were a normal DOS output file. Here is
an example program segment that accomplishes this:

struct File «file;

file = Open( ”PRT:”, MODE_NEWFILE );
if (file == 0) exit(PRINTER_WONT_OPEN);

Then, to print use code like this:

actual_length = Write(file, dataLocation, length);
where

file
is a file handle (see the AmigaDOS Developers Manual).

Printer Device 415

dataLocation
is a pointer to the first character in the output stream you wish to write.

length
is the length of the output stream.

actual_length
is the actual length of the write. For the printer device, if there are no errors, this is
likely to always be the same as the length of write requested. The only exception is if
you specify a value of -1 for length. In this case, -1 for length means that a null (0) ter-
minated stream is being written to the printer device. The device returns the count of
characters written prior to encountering the null. If it returns a value of -1 as
actual_length, there has been an error.

Note that the Open() function could be called with SER: or PAR: if you do not want to have
any character translation performed during the printer I/O. When the printer I/O is complete,
and your program is ready to exit, you should close the device. Here is a sample function call
that you could use:

Close(file);

Note that printer I/O through the DOS versions of the printer device must be done by a pro-
cess, not by a task. DOS utilizes information in the process control block and would become
confused if a simple task attempted to perform these activities. Printer I/O using the printer
device directly, however, can be performed by a task.

Data Structures Used During Printer I/O

This section shows you how to set up for Exec printer I/O. There are three distinct kinds of
data structures required by the printer I/O routines. Some of the printer commands, such as
start, stop, and flush, require only an IOStdReq. Others, such as write, require a larger data
structure called an IODRPReq (for “dump a RastPort’’) or IOPrtCmdReq (for “printer
command request”). For convenience, the printer device has defined a single data structure,
called printerIO, that can be used to represent any of the three different kinds of printer com-
munications request blocks.

The data structure type printerIO used in the following examples is a C-language union

defined as:

416 Printer Device

union printerIO{

struct [OStdReq ios;
struct I[ODRPReq iodrp;
struct [OPrtCmdReq iopc;

}

This means that one memory area can be used to represent three distinct forms of memory lay-
out for the three different types of data structures that must be used to pass commands to the
printer device. Some of the commands are simple and can use an IOStdReq. Some of the
commands require many more parameters and extend the basic I/O request block accordingly.

If you use the function CreateExtIO(), you can automatically allocate enough memory to hold
the largest structure in the union statement.

Creating an I/O Request

Printer I/O, like the I/O of other devices, requires that you create an I/O request message that
you pass to the printer device for processing. The message contains the command as well as a

data area. For a write, there will be a pointer in the data area to the stream of information you
wish to write to the printer.

The following program fragment can be used to create the message block that you use for
printer communications.

union printerIO *printerMsg; /* I/O request block pointer */
struct Port *printerPort; /* a port at which to receive * /

printerPort = CreatePort(”my.print.port” ,O);
printerMsg = (union printerIO *)CreateExtIO(printerPort,
sizeof(union printerIO));

Error handling is not shown here. It is deferred to the example at the end of the chapter.

The routine CreatePort(), which is part of amiga.lib, and the routine CreateExtIO() may be
found in the appendixes of the Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec.

Note that there are two additional kinds of I/O request blocks that, for some commands, must
be prepared for sending to the printer. They are called IODRPReq and 1OPrtCmdRegq.
Both are outlined in the include file devices/printer.h. The function call to CreateExtIO()
returns a pointer to a memory block the size of the largest form of printer [ORequest.

Printer Device 417

Opening a Printer Device

You open a path to the printer device using code like the following:

int
OpenPrinter(request)
union printerIO *request;

{
}

return(OpenDevice(” printer.device” ,0,request,0));

This routine returns a value of zero if the printer device was opened successfully and a value
other than zero if it did not open.

Writing to the Printer

There are three forms of writing to the printer. The first uses a character stream that you
create, possibly containing escape sequences to be processed by the printer driver (‘‘PrintString”’
example) or containing just about anything else that is to be passed directly to the printer
(‘“PrintRaw” example). The second form of write passes a command to the printer
(““PrintCmd”’ example). The third form asks for a graphics dump of a drawing area (‘‘Printer-
Dump” example).

To write to the printer, you pass to the printer device the system standard command
CMD_WRITE. Here are routines that can be used to send this command:

/* Send a NULL-terminated string to the printer */

/* Assumes printer device is open and printerMsg is correctly initialized.
* Watches for embedded ”escape-sequences’ and handles them as defined.

*/

int
PrintString(request,string)
union printerIO *request;
char *string;
{
request- >ios.io_ Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >ios.io_ Data = string;
request- >ios.io_Length = -1;
/* if -1, the printer assumes it has been given

418 Printer Device

* a null-terminated string.
“sh
return(DolO(request));

}

/* Send RAW character stream to the printer directly,
* avoid ”escape-sequence” parsing by the device.

*/

int

PrintRaw/(request,buffer,count)

union printerIO *request; /* a properly initialized request block */

char *buffer; /* where is the output stream of characters */
int count; /* how many characters to output */

{

/* queue a printer raw write */

request- >ios.io Command = PRD_RAWWRITE;
request- >ios.io_Data = buffer;

request- >ios.io_Length = count;
return(DolIO(request));

PRINTER COMMAND DEFINITIONS

The following table describes the supported printer functions. You can use the escape sequences
with PRT: and the printer device.

To transmit a command to the printer device, you can either formulate a character stream con-
taining the material shown in the “Escape Sequence’’ column of table 15-1 below or send an
TORequest to the printer device specifying which of these commands you wish to have per-

formed. A sample routine for transmitting commands is shown immediately following the com-
mand table.

Again, recall that SER: and PAR: will ignore all of these and pass them directly on to the
attached device.

Printer Device 419

Table 15-1: Printer Device Command Functions

Cmd Escape Defined

Name No. Sequence Function by:
aRIs 0 ESCce Reset ISO
aRIN 1 ESC#1 Initialize faa
al ND 2 ESCD Lf ISO
aNEL 3 ESCE Return, lf ISO
aR] 4 ESCM Reverse If ISO
aSGRO 5 ESC|Om Normal char set ISO
aSGR3 6 ESC([3m Italics on ISO
aSGR23 7 ESC|23m__sItalics off ISO
aSGR4 8 ESC|4m Underline on ISO
aSGR24 9 ESC[24m —_— Underline off Iso
aSGR1 10 ESC/|1m Boldface on ISO
aSGR22 11 ESO|[22m __ Boldface off ISO
aSFC 12 ESC([nm Set foreground color ISO

where n stands for a pair

of ASCII digits, 3 followed

by any number 0-9
aSBC 13 ESC({nm Set background color ISO

Where n stands for

a pair of ASCII digits, 4

followed by any number 0-9
aSHORPO 14 ESC|0Ow Normal pitch DEC
aSHORP2 15 ESC|2w Elite on DEC
aSHORP 1 16 ESC[1w Elite off DEC
aSHORP4 17 ESC|4w Condensed fine on DEC
aSHORP3 18 ESC|3w Condensed off DEC
aSHORP6 19 ESC|6w Enlarged on DEC
aSHORPS5 20 ESC|5w Enlarged off DEC
aDEN6 21 ESC|6”z Shadow print on DEC (sort of)
aDEN5 22 ESC|[5” z Shadow print off DEC
aDEN4 23 ESC|4”z Doublestrike on DEC
aDEN3 24 ESC|3”z Doublestrike off DEC
aDEN2 25 ESO|2”z NLQ on DEC
aDEN1 26 ESC[1”z NLQ off DEC
aSUS2 27 ESC |2v Superscript on +++
aSUS1 28 ESO[1v Superscript off +++
aSUS4 29 ESC|4v Subscript on See
aSUS3 30 ESC|3v Subscript off ae
aSUSO 31 ESC|0v Normalize the line eae
aPLU 32 ESCL Partial line up ISO

420 Printer Device

aPLD

al NTO
aF NTI
ak NT2
aF NT3
ak NT4
aF NT5
ak NT6
ak NT7
aF NTS8
ak NT9
aF NT10

aPROP2
aPROP1
aPROPO
alSs
aJFY5
aJ EF Y7
aJF Y6
aJF YO
aJF Y3
aJFY1

aVERPO
aVERPI
aSLPP
aPERF
aPERFO

aLMs
aRMS
alMs
aBMSs
as TBM
aSLRM
aCAM

aHTS
aVTS
al BCO
al BC3
al BCI
aT BC4

al BCALL
al BSALL
ab X TEND

33

34
30
36
37
38
39
40
4]
42
43
44

45
46
47
48
49
50
ol
iy
O38
o4

D9
56
o7
o8
a)

60
61
62
63
64
65
66

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
795

ESCK

ESC(B
ESC(R
ESC(
ESC(
ESC(
ESC(
(
(
(
(

<meera

ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC
ESC(C

ESO|2p

ESO|1p

ESC|Op

ESC[n E
ESO|5 F
ESC|7 F
ESC[6 F
ESC(0 F
ESC([3 F
ESCi1 F

ESC|0z
ESO(1z
ESC(nt
ESC([ngq
ESC|0q

ESC#9
ESC#0
ESC#8
ESC#2
ESC{n;nr
ESC|n;ns
ESC#3

ESCH
ESCJ
ESC|0g
ESC|[3g
ESC|1lg
ESC|4g
ESC#4
ESC#5
ESC|n” x

Z
J
6

Partial line down

US char set
French char set
German char set
UK char set
Danish I char set
Swedish char set
Italian char set
Spanish char set
Japanese char set
Norwegian char set
Danish II char set

Proportional on
Proportional off
Proportional clear

Set proportional offset
Auto left justify

Auto right justify
Auto full justify

Auto justify off
Letter space (justify)
Word fill{auto center)

1/8” line spacing
1/6” line spacing
Set form length n
Perf skip n (n>0)
Perf skip off

Left margin set
Right margin set
Top margin set
Bottom margin set
T&B margins
L&R margin

Clear margins

Set horiz tab

Set vertical tabs

Clr horiz tab

Clear all h tab

Clr vertical tabs

Clr all v tabs

Clr all h & v tabs
Set default tabs
Extended commands

ISO

DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
+++
DEC
+-——

44+

+++

+44

ISO

ISO

ISO

ISO

ISO

ISO (special)
ISO (special)

+++
+++
DEC
oe
bpp

+++
at
4b
hfe
DEC
DEC
md

ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
+++
+++
+++

Printer Device 421

Legend:

ISO

DEC

~

indicates that the sequence has been defined by the International Standards
Organization. This is also very similar to ANSI x3.64.

indicates a control sequence defined by Digital Equipment Corporation.
indicates a sequence unique to Amiga.

stands for a decimal number expressed as a set of ASCII digits, for example 12.

Transmitting a Command to the Printer Device

As noted above, to transmit a command to the printer device, you can either formulate an
escape sequence and send it via the CMD_WRITE command, or you can utilize the command
names and pass parameters and the command to the device. Here is a sample routine that uses

the system command PRD_PRTCOMMAND to transmit a command to the device:

int

PrintCommand(request,command, pO, p1, p2, p3)
union printerIO *request;
int command, pO, pl, p2, p3;_ /* command and its parameters * /

{

/* queue a printer command */

request- >iopc.io_Command = PRD_PRTCOMMAND;
request- >iopc.io_PrtCommand = command;

request- >iopc.io_Parm0O = pO;
request->iopc.io_Parml = pl;

request- >iopc.io_Parm2 = p2;
request->iopc.io_Parm3 = p3;

return(DolIO(request));

As an example, suppose you wanted to set the left and right margins on your printer to columns
1 and 79 respectively. Here is a sample call to the PrintCommand() function for this pur-

pose:

PrintCommand(aSLRM, 1, 79, 0, 0);

422 Printer Device

Consult the function table. Wherever there is a value of ‘‘n’”’ to be substituted, it will be util-
ized from the next available parameter for this command. Most of the commands in the table
need no parameters; some need one and others need two. Few, if any, require more than two
parameters; however, this function provides room for expansion.

Dumping a RastPort to the Printer

You can dump a RastPort (drawing area) to the printer by sending the command
PRD_DUMPRPORT to the printer, along with several parameters that define how the dump
is to be accomplished. The parameters shown in the sample dump function below are complete-
ly described in the summary for DumpRPort() in the “Device Summaries” appendix.

int
DumpRPort(request,rastPort, colorMap, modes, sx,sy, sw,sh, de,dr, s)

union printerIO *request;

struct RastPort *rastPort;

struct ColorMap *colorMap;

ULONG modes;

UWORD sx, sy, sw, sh;

LONG dc, dr;

UWORD s;
{
request- >iodrp.io_ Command = PRD_DUMPRPORT;
request- >iodrp.io RastPort = rastPort;
request->iodrp.io_ColorMap = colorMap;
request- >iodrp.io_Modes = modes;
request->iodrp.io SrcX = sx;
request- >iodrp.io_SrcY = sy;
request- >iodrp.io_SrcWidth = sw;
request- >iodrp.io SrcHeight = sh;
request- >iodrp.io_DestCols = dc;
request- >iodrp.io_DestRows = dr;
request->iodrp.io_ Special = s;
return(DoIO(request));

}

As an example of this function, suppose you wanted to dump the current contents of the Work-
bench screen to the printer. The typical program code shown below would accomplish it. Note
that during the dump no other tasks should be writing to the screen, nor should you use the
mouse to move windows or otherwise modify the screen appearance.

Printer Device 423

/*
* Author: | Rob Peck, 12/1/85
* Modified: Carolyn Scheppner, 04/08/86

*k

* This code may be freely utilized to develop programs for the Amiga.

oy

#include ”exec/types.h”

#include ” intuition /intuition.h”

#include ” devices/printer.h”

#define INTUITION_WONT_OPEN 1000

union printerlO {
struct IOStdReq ios;
struct IODRPReq iodrp;
struct IOPrtCmdReq iopc;

union printerlO *request; /* a pointer to a request block */

extern int DumpRPort();
extern struct [ORequest *CreateExtIO();
extern struct MsgPort *CreatePort();

struct IntuitionBase *IntuitionBase;

main()
{
struct Screen *screen;
struct RastPort *rp;
struct ViewPort *vp;
struct ColorMap *cm;
struct MsgPort *printerPort; /* at which to receive reply */
int modes,width,height,error;

IntuitionBase = (struct IntuitionBase *)OpenLibrary(
> intuition.library”, 0);

if (IntuitionBase == NULL) exit(INTUITION_WONT_OPEN);
screen = IntuitionBase->FirstScreen; /* ptr to front Screen */
vp = &screen->ViewPort; /* get screen’s ViewPort, from

* which the ColorMap will be gotten */

rp = &screen->RastPort; /* get screen’s RastPort, which
* is what gets dumped to printer */

424 Printer Device

cm = vp->ColorMap; /* retrieve pointer to colormap for
* the printer dump */

modes = vp->Modes; /* retrieve the modes variable */

width = screen->Width; /* retrieve width and */

height = screen->Height; /* height to print */

printerPort = CreatePort(” my.print.port” ,O);
request = (union printerlO *)CreateExt]O(printerPort,
sizeof(union printerIO));

error = OpenPrinter(request);
if(error !== 0) goto cleanup2;

Delay(300); /* 300/60 = 6 seconds delay before it starts */
error = DumpRPort(
request, /* pointer to initialized request */
rp, /* RastPort pointer */
cm, /* color map pointer */
modes, /* low, high res, etc (display modes)*/
O, 0, /* x and y offsets into rastport */
width,height, /* source size */
0,0, /* dest size 0 because of Special */

SPECIAL_FULLCOLS | SPECIAL_ASPECT /* Special */
/* Special = print max width */
/* with proportional height */

);

ClosePrinter(request);

cleanup2:
DeleteExtI]O(request, sizeof(union printerIO));
DeletePort(printerPort);

cleanupl1:
CloseLibrary(Intuition Base);

\ /* end of demo screen dump */

GERAIS IGA ICCC COCCI ACC ICCC IRIS A AIK /

/* printersupport.c rtns
PERE OAC ESE ACESS GEO EIEaO EE SSE EEE CADIS AC IAA a /

/* OPEN THE PRINTER */
int
OpenPrinter(request)

Printer Device 425

union printerlO *request;

{

return(OpenDevice(” printer.device” ,0,request,0));

}

/* CLOSE THE PRINTER */
int
ClosePrinter(request)
union printerlO *request;
{
CloseDevice(request);
return(0);

}

/* Send a null-terminated string to the printer. Assumes printer device
* is open and printerMsg is correctly initialized. Watches for embedded
* »escape-sequences” and handles them as defined.

a5

int
PrintString(request,string)
union printerlO *request;
char *string;
{
request- >10s.10_Command = CMD_WRITE;
request- >ios.io_Data = (APTR)string;
request- >10s.i0o_Length = -1;
/* if -1, the printer assumes it has been given a null terminated string. */
return(DolO(request));

j

/* Send RAW character stream to the printer directly,
* avoid ”escape-sequence” parsing by the device.
+ / |
int
PrintRaw(request,buffer,count)
union printerlO *request; /* a properly initialized request block */
char *buffer; /* where is the output stream of characters */
int count; /* how many characters to output */
{
/* queue a printer raw write */
request- >i0os.10_Command = PRD_RAWWRITE;
request- >ios.io_Data = (APTR)buffer;

426 Printer Device

request- > 10s.10_Length = count;

return(DolIO(request));

}

/* Send Printer Command */
int
PrintCommand(request,command, pO, pl, p2, p3)
union printerlO *request;
int command, pO, pl, p2, p3;_ +(/* command and its parameters */
‘
/* queue a printer command */
request- >iopc.io_ Command = PRD_PRTCOMMAND;
request- >1opc.io_PrtCommand = command;
request- > iopc.io_Parm0 = pO;
request- >1opc.io_Parml = pl;
request- >iopc.io_Parm2 = p2;
request- >1opc.io_Parm3 = p3;
return(DolO(request));

}

ADDITIONAL NOTES ABOUT GRAPHICS DUMPS

The print command accepts a “use the largest area you have”’ specification that looks at the
Preferences active print width and active print height to bound the size of the print. These
values are specified as a character count and a character size specification. Thus, the width of
the print is bounded by the number of inches specified by the following equation:
(RIGHT_MARGIN - LEFT_MARGIN + 1) / CHARACTERS_PER_INCH. The height is
specified by the equation: LENGTH / LINES_PER_INCH.

NumRows in the printer tag refers to the number of dots in the graphics print element, and
can be used by graphics render code to determine how much buffer space is needed to compose a
line of graphics output. It has not been used in practice; the number has instead been hard cod-
ed into the render function specific to the printer.

If the printer for which you are developing can be set to unidirectional mode under software
control, we recommend that you put this in the initialization code for the printer (see case 0
Master Initialization, below). This produces better-looking printouts and under most conditions
(believe it or not) a faster printout.

Printer Device 427

Creating a Printer Driver

Creating a printer-dependent code fragment for the printer device involves writing the data
structures and code, compiling and assembling it, and linking it to produce an Amiga object
binary. file. The first piece in that file is the PrinterSegment structure described in
devices/prtbase.h and devices/prtbase.1 (which is pointed to by the BPTR returned by the
LoadSeg() of the object file).

You specify the printer-dependent object file to load by specifying ‘‘custom printer’’ in Prefer-
ences and filling in the custom printer name with the name of the object file (relative to the
directory DEVS:printers/ ).

The printer-dependent code PrinterSegment contains the PrinterExtendedData (PED)
structure (also described in devices/prtbase.h and devices/prtbase.t at the beginning of the ob-
ject). The PED structure contains data describing the capabilities of the printer, as well as
pointers to code and other data. Here is the assembly code for a sample PrinterSegment,
which would be linked to the beginning of the sequence of files describing the printer-dependent
code fragment.

AEE He 2 a aK te ee 2 2 2 2 oa 2c 2k 2 2 2K Kc ke Fe 2K 2k 2 2 oa ic 2k 2 2 og ic ke 2k 2K akc 2 ok ke 2k 2k oe oc kc 2c 2 oi og og ic 2c of 2c 2c 2 2k 2 2 ok ok ok ok
*

* printer device dependent code tag
*

De 2 2 2 2 OE Ee I I ke 2k 2 IE 6 2K Ee 2 2 ke 2 2 2 2 oe 2K 2 2k Ke 2 2 2 2K 2 2 2 2 2 2 ic 2c oc 2 2 2 oe fe ke 2 2K og kc 2 ok oc ok 2 2k

; named sections are easier to exactly place in the linked file
SECTION custom

INCLUDE ” exec/types.1”
INCLUDE ” exec /nodes.1”

INCLUDE *revision.1” ‘contains VERSION & REVISION

INCLUDE ” devices/prtbase.i”

Kann--= Imported Names -----------------------------------------------
XREF _Init
XREF _Expunge
XREF _Open
XREF _Close
XREF _Command Table
XREF _DoSpecial

428 Printer Device

XREF _Render
*------ Exported Names -----------------------------------------------
XDEF _PEDData

2k OK Rk KKK KKK KOK RK KG KK oR Ka a ko ak kk ok kok ok ok ok 2 ok

; In case anyone tries to execute this

MOVEQ #0, D0
RTS
DC.W VERSION
DC.W REVISION
_PEDData:
DC.L printerName
DC.L _Init
DC.L _Expunge
DC.L _Open
DC.L _Close
DC.B PPC_BWGFX ; PrinterClass
DC.B PCC_BW - ColorClass
DC.B 80 - MaxColumns
DC.B 1 ; NumCharsSets
DC.W 8 - NumRows
DC.L 960 ; MaxXDots
DC.L 0 >; MaxYDots
DC.W 120 ; XDotsInch
DC.W 82 - YDotsInch
DC.L _Command Table - Command Strings
DC.L _DoSpecial ; Command Code
DC.L _Render ; Graphics Render
DC.L 30 ; Timeout
printerName:
DC.B ‘Custom Printer Name’
DC.B 0)
EVEN

The printer name should be the brand name of the printer that is available for use by programs
wishing to be specific about the printer name in any diagnostic or instruction messages. The
four functions at the top of the structure are used to initialize this printer-dependent code:

(*(PED-> ped_Init))(PD);

This is called when the printer-dependent code is loaded and provides a pointer to the

Printer Device 429

printer device for use by the printer-dependent code. It can also be used to open up
any libraries or devices needed by the printer-dependent code.

(*(PED->ped_Expunge))();
This is called immediately before the printer-dependent code is unloaded, to allow it to
close any resources obtained at initialization time.

(*(PED->ped_Open))(ior); |
This is called in the process of an OpenDevice() call, after the Preferences are read
and the correct primitive I/O device (parallel or serial) is opened. It must return zero if
the open is successful, or nonzero to terminate the open and return an error to the user.

(*(PED-> ped_Close))(ior);
This is called in the process of a CloseDevice() call to allow the printer-dependent
code to close any resources obtained at open time.

The pd_ variable provided as a parameter to the initialization call is a pointer to the
PrinterData structure described in devices/prtbase.h and devices/prtbase.i. This is also the
same as the io_Device entry in printer I/O requests.

pd_SegmentData
This points back to the PrinterSegment, which contains the PED.

pd_PrintBuf

This is available for use by the printer-dependent code —it is not otherwise used by the
printer device.

(*pd_PWrite)(data, length);
This is the interface routine to the primitive I/O device. This routine uses two I/O re-
quests to the primitive device, so writes are double-buffered. The data parameter points
to the byte data to send, and the length is the number of bytes.

(*pd_PBothReady)();
This waits for both primitive I/O requests to complete. This is useful if your code does
not want to use double buffering. If you want to use the same data buffer for successive
pd_PWrites, you must separate them with a call to this routine.

pd_Preferences

This is the copy of Preferences in use by the printer device, obtained when the printer
was opened.

The timeout field is the number of seconds that an I/O request from the printer device will
remain posted and unsatisfied to the primitive I/O device (parallel or serial) before the timeout

requester is presented to the user. This value should be large enough to avoid the requester
during normal printing.

430 Printer Device

SAMPLE CODE

To help you in developing custom printer drivers for the Amiga, four sets of source files have
been included as a part of this document. The files include inzt.asm, printertag.asm, data.c,
render.c, and dospecial.c.

Four sets of files for four different types of printers are provided:

diablo_c - an example of a ymcb color printer

epson - an example of a b/w printer

okimate20 - an example of a ymc_bw printer (has two render.c functions)
hpplus - an example of a single-sheet, multiple-density printer

The source files for the hpplus includes one additional C-language source, named density.c.

In addition, you will also need certain files that are common to all printer drivers. These are
called macros.1 and are printer assembly code macros that inzt.asm uses. All of these files are in
the “Printer Device Source Code”’ appendix of this manual.

WRITING A GRAPHICS PRINTER DRIVER

Designing the graphics portion of a custom printer driver consists of two steps: writing a
printer-specific render.c function, and replacing the printer-specific values in printertag.asm.
Note that a printer that does not support graphics has a very simple form of Render(); it re-
turns an error. Here is sample code for Render() for a non-graphics printer (typically, an al-
phacom or diablo_630):

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ”devices/printer.h”
int

Render()

{

}

return(PDERR_NOTGRAPHICS);

The following section describes the contents of a typical driver for a printer that actually sup-
ports graphics. The example code for the Epson printer, contained in the “Printer Device
Source Code” appendix, shows a typical Render() function based on this description.

Printer Device 431

Render.c

This function is the main printer-specific code module and consists of six parts:
o Master initialization
o Pixel rendering
o Dumping a pixel buffer to the printer
o Clearing and initializing the pixel buffer
o Closing down
o Density selection

Master Initialization (case 0). When this call is made, you are passed the width (in pixels)
in x and the height (in pixels) in y of the picture as it should appear on the printer. Note that
the printer non-specific code (using the printer-specific values in printertag.asm (that will be dis-
cussed later), has already verified that these values are within range for the printer. It is recom-
mended that you use these values to allocate enough memory for a temporary buffer in which to
build a command buffer for the printer. The buffer size needed is dependent on the specific
printer, the width (usually), and the height (sometimes). In general, the buffer represents the

commands and data required for one pass of the print head and usually takes the following
form:

<start gfx cmd> <data> <end gfx cmd>

where:

<start
is the command required to define the graphic dump for each line.

<data>
is the binary data.

<end
is a terminator telling the printer to print the data (usually a carriage return).

For color printers, enough buffer space must usually be allocated for each different color ribbon,

ink, and so on that the printer offers (the okimate-20 and diablo_c-150 are provided as examples
of this). Please refer to the sample drivers.

432 Printer Device

The example render.c functions use double buffering to reduce the dump time, which is why the

AllocMem() call is for

(BUFSIZE times two)

where BUFSIZE represents the amount of memory for one entire print cycle (usually one pass of
the print head).

Printers that would do more than one pass of the print head on a dump call are those that have
to do a pass for each different main color that they want to lay down on the paper (like the
Okidata-20 with three colors and the Epson_jx-80 with four colors). A printer such as the
Diablo_c-150 that can lay down all the colors in a single pass needs to do only one pass.

The number of passes the printer has to do is irrelevant to you. This topic was introduced
mainly to illustrate the true meaning of the term ‘“‘one print cycle.’’ You want to send the
printer an entire print cycle to allow the main non-printer-specific driver to continue onward,
computing the values for the next print cycle while the printer is printing the previous dots.
This is why you will find double buffering used in the example driver code.

Any other initialization that the printer requires should also be done at this time. It is advis-
able that you also do a reset command so that you know what state the printer is in before you
try to send it any further commands.

In addition, after performing a reset command it is advisable to send no other commands for at
least one second to allow the printer to “‘calm down’’. Waiting after a reset is strongly recom-
mended. The function PWait(seconds,microseconds) has been provided in the wazt.asm file
(see the “Printer Device Source Code” appendix) for this purpose. The wazt.asm file must be
assembled and linked into your custom printer device code.

Render Pixel (Case 1). When this call is made, your routine will be passed the x,y position of
a single pixel and its color type. Note that the x,y value is an absolute value and you will have
to do some modulus math (usually an AND) to compute the relative pixel position in your
buffer. The absolute values will range from O to width-1 for x and O to height-1 for y. The
color types are O-black, l-yellow, 2-magenta, and 3-cyan. Currently there is no provision for an
RGB (red-green-blue) printer.

Dump Buffer to Printer (Case 2). When this call is made, you must send the buffer to the
printer. As it now stands, there should be no need for you to change this routine. It should be
common to all printers. It simply sends the buffer that you have been filling (via case 1) to the
printer.

You would want to change this routine only if you need to do some post-processing on the
buffer before it is sent to the printer. For example, if your printer uses the hexadecimal number
$03 as a command and requires that you send $03 $03 to send $03 as data, you would probably
want to scan the buffer and expand $03’s to $03 $03. Of course, you’ll need to allocate space

Printer Device 433

somewhere in order to expand the buffer.

Because the printer driver does not send you the blank pixels, you must initialize the buffer to
values for blank pixels (usually 0). Clearing the buffer should be the same for all printers. Ini-
tializing the buffer is printer-specific, and it includes placing the printer-specific control codes in
the buffer ahead of and behind where the data will go.

Closing Down (Case 3). When this call is made you must wait for the print buffers to clear
and then de-allocate the memory. This routine should be common to all printers. It simply
waits for both buffers to empty, and then deallocates the memory that they used. There should
be no need for you to change this routine. If you do change it, however, make sure that the
amount of memory allocated for case 0 is deallocated by this routine.

Pre-Master Initialization (Case 4). Currently this option is implemented only on the
HPLaserJet and HPLaserJet PLUS printers, although the call is made to each printer-specific
driver. Ignoring it causes no problems as the call is made simply to give you a chance to select
a different density from the default one. You should note that this call is made before the mas-
ter initialization call (case 0) and gives you a chance to alter any variables that the master ini-
tialization may use to program the printer. Refer to the HPLaserJet PLUS printer driver for an
example of density selection.

Printertag.asm

The printer-specific values that need to be filled in here are as follows:

Max XDots

the maximum number of dots the printer can print across the page.

Max YDots
the maximum number of dots the printer can print down the page. Generally, if the
printer supports roll or form feed paper, this value should be O indicating that there is
no limit. If the printer has a definite y dots maximum (as the HPLaserJet does), this
number should be entered here.

XDotsInch
the dot density in x (for example, 120 dpi).

YDotsInch
the dot density in y (for example, 144 dpi).

PrinterClass
the printer class the printer falls into. Current choices are:

434 Printer Device

PPC_BWALPHA - alphanumeric, no graphics.
PPC_BWGFX - black&white (only) graphics.
PPC_COLORGFX - color (and maybe b/w) graphics.

ColorClass
the color class the printer falls into. Current choices are:

PCC_BW - Black &White only (for example, EPSON).
PCC_YMC - Yellow Magenta Cyan only.
PCC_YMC_BW - Yellow or Black& White but not both
(for example, Okimate 20).
PCC_YMCB - YellowMagentaCyanBlack (for example, Diablo_c-150).

NumRows
the number of pixel rows printed by one pass of the print head. This number is used by
the non-printer-specific code to determine when to make a case 2 (see above) call to

you. You have to keep this number in mind when determining how big a buffer you’ll
need to store one print cycle’s worth of data.

WRITING AN ALPHANUMERIC PRINTER DRIVER

This alphanumeric section 1s meant to be read with the alpha listing for the EpsonX80 and Dia-
blo Adv 25 close at hand.

The alphanumeric portion of the printer driver is designed to convert ANSI x3.64 style com-
mands into the specific escape codes required by each individual printer. For example, the
ANSI code for italics on is ESC[3m. The Epson FX80 printer would like a ESC%G to begin
italic output mode. By using the printer driver all printers may be handled in a similar manner.

There are two parts to the alphanumeric portion of the printer driver: the CommandTable
data table and the DoSpecial() routine.

Command Table

The Command Table is used to convert all escape codes that can be handled by simple substi-
tution. It has one entry per ANSI command supported by the printer driver. When you are
creating a custom CommandTable, you must maintain the order of the commands in the
same sequence as that shown in printer.h and printer.z. By placing the specific codes for your
printer in the proper position, the conversion takes place automatically.

Printer Device 435

Note: If the code for your printer requires a decimal 0 (an ASCII NULL character), you enter
this NULL into the Command Table as octal 376 (decimal 254).

Placing an octal value of 377 (255 decimal) in a position in the command table indicates to the
printer device that no simple conversion is available on this printer for this ANSI command.
For example, if a printer does not support one of the functions (for instance, if a daisy-wheel
printer does not have a foreign character set), 377 octal (255 decimal) is placed in that position.
However, 377 in a position can also mean that the ANSI function is to be handled by code lo-
cated in the DoSpecial() function.

DoSpecial() Function

The DoSpecial() function is meant to implement all the ANSI functions that cannot be done
by simple substitution, but can be handled by a more complex sequence of control characters
sent to the printer. These are functions that need parameter conversion, read values from
Preferences, and so on.

The DoSpecial() function is set up as follows:

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ” devices/printer.h”
#include ”devices/prtbase.h”

extern struct PrinterData *PD;

DoSpecial(command,outputBuffer,vline,currentVMlI,crlfFlag,Parms)
char outputBuffer |];
UWORD *command;
BYTE *vline;
BYTE *currentVM];
BYTE *«crlfF lag;
UBYTE Parms|];
{ /* code begins here... */

where
command
points to the command number. The devices/printer.h file contains the definitions for

the routines to use (aRIN is initialize, and so on).

vline
points to the value for the current line position.

436 Printer Device

currentVMI
points to the value for the current line spacing.

crlfFlag
points to the setting of the ‘‘add line feed after carriage return” flag.

Parms

contain whatever parameters were given with the ANSI command.

outputBuffer

points to the memory buffer into which the converted command is returned.

Almost every printer will require an aRIN (initialize) command in DoSpecial(). This command
reads the printer settings from Preferences and creates the proper control sequence for the

specific printer. Also, it returns the character set to normal (not italicized, not bold, and so on).
Other functions depend on the printer.

Certain functions are implemented both in the CommandTable and in the DoSpecial() rou-
tine. These are functions such as superscript, subscript, PLU (partial line up), and PLD (partial
line down), which can often be handled by a simple conversion. However, certain of these func-
tions must also adjust the printer device’s line-position variable.

Printer Device 437

Chapter 16

Clipboard Device

Introduction

The clipboard device is implemented as an Exec-style device. It is responsible for caching data
that has been “‘cut” and providing data to “paste” in an application.

Clipboard 439

Clipboard Commands

The clipboard responds to the following system functions:

OpenDevice()
CloseDevice()
BeginIO()
SendIO()
DolIO()

Open the clipboard device

Close the clipboard device

Initiate clipboard I/O

Initiate a command and return immediately

The I/O commands and their implementations are as follows:

CMD_INVALID
CMD_READ

CMD_WRITE

CMD_UPDATE

CMD_CLEAR

CMD_STOP
CMD_START
CMD_FLUSH
CBD_POST

CMD_CLIPREADID
CMD_CLIPWRITEID

440 Clipboard

Always an invalid command.

Read data from the clipboard for a paste. io_Offset and
io_ClipID must be set to zero for the first read of a paste
sequence. An io_Actual that is less than the io_Length
indicates that all the data has been read. After all the data
has been read, a subsequent read must be performed (one whose
io_Actual returns zero) to indicate to the clipboard device

that all the data has been read. This allows random access of
the clip while reading (provided only valid reads are performed).

Write data to the clipboard as a cut. io Offset and
io_ClipID must be set to zero for the first write of a cut

sequence. An update command indicates that all the data has
been written.

Indicate that the data provided with a write command is
complete and available for subsequent read/pastes.

Clear any cut from this unit. Subsequent read/pastes will have
no data available.

Service no commands except invalid, start, flush.
Resume command servicing.
Abort all pending commands.

Post the availability of clip data. io _ClipID must be set to
zero, a Subsequent write of this data does not have io_ClipID
set to zero as described above, but to the value in 10_ClipID.

Return the io_ClipID of the current clip to read.
Return the io_ClipID of the latest clip written.

Clipboard Data

Data on the clipboard resides in one of three places. When an application posts a cut, the data
resides in that application’s private memory space. When an application writes to the clip-
board, either of its own volition or in response to a message from the clipboard to satisfy a post,
the data is copied to the clipboard, either to memory or to a special disk file. When the clip-
board is not open, the data resides in the special disk file.

Data on the clipboard is self-identifying. It must be a correct IFF (Interchange Format Files)
file; the rest of this this section refers to IFF concepts. See the appendixes of the Amiga ROM
Kernel Reference Manual: Exec for a complete description of IFF. If the top-level chunk is of
type CAT or LIST with an identifier of CLIP, that indicates that the contained chunks are
different representations of the same data, in decreasing order of preference on the part of the
producer of the clip. Any other data is as defined elsewhere (probably a single representation of
the cut data produced by an application).

The clipboard tool, which is the application that allows a Workbench user to view a clip, under-
stands only the text (FTXT) and graphics (ILBM) form types.. Applications using the clipboard
to export data should include at least one of these types in a CLIP CAT so that their data can
be represented on the clipboard in some form for user feedback.

The clipboard device nonstandard I/O request is called an IOClipReq and looks like a stan-
dard request except for the addition of the io_ClipID field, which is assigned by the device to
identify clips. It must be set to zero by the application for a post or an initial write or read,
but preserved for subsequent writes or reads. The same initialization must be performed for the
io_ Offset field, but for different reasons.

struct IOClipReq {

struct Message io_Message;

struct Device *io_Device; /* device node pointer */

struct Unit *io_Unit; /* unit (driver private)* /

UWORD §io_Command; /* device command */

UBYTE io_Flags; /* including QUICK and SATISFY */
BYTE io_Error; /* error or warning num */

ULONG _io_Actual; /* number of bytes transferred */
ULONG io_Length; /* number of bytes requested * /
SPTR io_Data; /* either clip stream or post port */
ULONG io_Offset; /* offset in clip stream */

LONG _io_ClipID; /* ordinal clip identifier */

Clipboard 441

Clipboard Messages

When an application performs a post, it must specify a message port for the clipboard to send a
message to if it needs the application to satisfy the post with a write called the SatisfyMsg.

struct SatisfyMsg {
struct Message sm_Message; /* the length will be 6 */
UWORD sm_Unit; /* 0 for the primary clip unit */
LONG sm_ClipID; /* the clip identifier of the post */
}

If the application wishes to determine if a post it has recently performed is still the current clip,
it should check the io_ClipID found in the post request upon return with that returned by the
CLIPREADID command.

If an application has a pending post and wishes to determine if it should satisfy it (for example,
before it exits), it should check the io_ClipID of the post I/O request with that of the
CLIPWRITEID command. If the application receives a satisfy message from the clipboard
device (format described below), it must immediately perform the write with the io_ClipID of
the post. The satisfy message from the clipboard may be removed from the application message
port by the clipboard device at any time (because it is re-used by the clipboard device). It is
not dangerous to spuriously satisfy a post, however, because it is identified by the io_ClipID.

The cut data is provided to the clipboard device via either a write or a post of the cut data.
The write command accepts the data immediately and copies it onto the clipboard. The post
command allows an application to inform the clipboard of a cut, but defers the write until the
data is actually required for a paste. In the preceding discussion, references to the read and
write commands of the clipboard device actually refer to a sequence of read or write commands,
where the clip data is acquired and provided in pieces instead of all at once. The clipboard has
an end-of-clip concept that is somewhat analogous to end-of-file for both read and write. The
read end-of-file must be triggered by the user of the clipboard in order for the clipboard to move
on to service other users’ requests, and consists of reading data past the end of file. The write
end-of-file is indicated by use of the update command, which indicates to the clipboard that the
previous write commands are completed See the description of the commands above for more
information.

Multiple Clips

The clipboard also supports multiple clips. This is not to be confused with the multiple IFF
CLIP chunks in a clip, which allow for different representation of the same data. Multiple clips
store different data. Applications performing cut and paste operations generally specify the pri-
mary clip. The alternate clips are provided to aid applications in the maintenance of a set of

442 Clipboard

clips (like a scrapbook). The multiple clips are implemented as different units in the clipboard
device, and are thus accessed at open time:

OpenDevice(‘‘clipboard.device’’, unit, &£IOClipRegq, 0);

The primary clip unit used by applications to share data is unit 0; use of alternate clip units is
by private convention.

Example Program

#include ”exec/types.h”
#include ” graphics/gfx.h”
#include ” graphics/gfxbase.h”
#include ” graphics/view.h”
#include ” intuition /intuition.h”
#include ”libraries/dos.h”
#include ” libraries/dosextens.h”
#include ”devices/clipboard.h”

extern int stdout;
struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

char buffer|80], *b, c;
int rawConsole, oldStdout, postID;

readS()

{
b = buffer;
while (Read(rawConsole, &c, 1), ((c != ’\34’) && (c != ’\r’))) {
*b++ = ¢;
printf(” %lc”, c);
}
tb = ’\0’;
}

main()

{
int 1;
GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *) OpenLibrary(” graphics.library” , 0);

printf(” CBOpen returned %ld.\n”, CBOpen(PRIMARY_CLIP));

Clipboard 443

printf(” CBOpen RAW: file is %olx.\n”, rawConsole =
Open(” RAW:25/25/615/150/clipboard.device test”, MODE_OLDFILE));

oldStdout = stdout;
stdout = rawConsole;
printf(” \033[20h” );

c= 0;

postID = 0;

while (c != ’\34’) {

while((postID) && (!WaitForChar(rawConsole, 1000000)))
if (CBCheckSatisfy(&postID)) {
if (postID) {

printf(” Satisfy post data\n”);
readS();
printf(” \nsatisfying \”%s\”\n”, buffer);
CBSatisfy Post(bu ffer);
postID = 0;

}

Read(rawConsole, &c, 1);
switch (c) {
case ’w’:
printf(” Enter cut data\n”);
readS();
printf(”\ncutting \”%s\”\n”, buffer);
CBCutS(buffer);
break;
case ’r’:
CBPasteS( buffer);
printf(” paste is \”%s\” \n”);
break;
case ’p’:
printf(” Posting post...\n” );
postID = CBPost();
break;
default:;

;
j

CBClose();
printf(” CBClose returned.\n”);

Close(rawConsole);
stdout = oldStdout;

444 Clipboard

printf(”\nTest Done.\n”);

}

strcpy( to, from )
register char *to, *from;

{
do {

*to++ = *from;
\ while( *from+-+ );

strcat( to, from )
register char *to, *from;

{

while( *to ) to++4;

strepy( to, from };

}

strlen( s )
register char *s;

{

register 1 = 0;
while( *s++ ) i++;

return( 1 );

j

stremp( a, b )
register char *a, *b;
{
while( *a++ == *b ) {
if( ! *b++ ) return( 0

j

if( *--a < *b ) return( -1 );
return( 1 );

F

}

char *
index(s, c )
char *s, ¢c;

{

char sc;

Clipboard 445

while( sc = *s ) {

if( sc == c ) return(s );
Sr +;
}
return( 0 );
}
char *

rindex( origs, c )
char *origs, c;

{

char sc, *s;
s = origs|strlen( origs ) - 1];

while( s >= origs ) {
if( *s == c ) return(s );

}

char *
TailPath( path )
char *path;

{

char *last;

/* looking for ” volume:/name/bar/tail” .
* The routine breaks if volume has a slash...

7

/* check for a slash */
if( ! (last = rindex( path, ’/’ )) ) {

/* no slash. Check for a colon */

if( ! (last = rindex( path, ’:’ )) ) {

/* no colon either. Return the original */
return( path };

j
j

return( last );

446 Chpboard

Support Functions Called from Example Program

DORA BOOS OSC CIGO AGO II IISA /
* Program name: cbio

* Purpose: Provide standard clipboard device interface routines

* such as Open, Post, Read, Write, etc.
PORES GIA OI ICAI Ta OC IAI /
#include ”exec/types.h”

#include ” exec/ports.h”

#include ”exec/io.h”

#include ” devices /clipboard.h”

struct [OClipReq clipboardIO = 0;
struct MsgPort clipboardMsgPort = 0;
struct MsgPort satisfyMsgPort = 0;

int CBOpen(unit)
int unit;
{

int error;

/* open the clipboard device */
if ((error = OpenDevice(”clipboard.device”, unit, &clipboardIO, 0)) != 0)
return(error);

/* Set up the message port in the I/O request */
clipboardMsgPort.mp_Node.In_Type = NT_MSGPORT;
clipboardMsgPort.mp_Flags = 0;

clipboardMsgPort.mp_SigBit = AllocSignal(-1);
clipboardMsgPort.mp_SigTask = (struct Task *) FindTask((char *) NULL);
AddPort( &clipboardMsgPort);

clipboardIO.io_Message.mn_ReplyPort = &clipboardMsgPort;

satisfy MsgPort.mp_Node.In_Type = NT_MSGPORT;

satisfy MsgPort.mp_Flags — 0;

satisfyMsgPort.mp_SigBit = AllocSignal(-1);

satisfyMsgPort.mp_SigTask = (struct Task *) FindTask((char *) NULL);
AddPort( &satisfy MsgP ort);

return(0);

}

CBClose()

RemPort(&satisfyMsgPort);
RemPort(&clipboardMsgPort);

Clipboard 447

CloseDevice( &clipboardIO);
j

CBCut(stream, length)

char *stream;

int length;

{
chpboardIO.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;
chpboardIlO.io_Data = stream;
clipboardIO.io_Length = length;
clipboardIO.io_Offset = 0;
clipboardIO.io_ClipID = 0;
DolO(&clipboardIO);
clipboardIO.i10_Command =-CMD_UPDATE;
DolO(&clipboard!IO);

j

writeLong(Idata)

LONG +*ldata;

{
clipboardIO.i10_Command = CMD_WRITE;
clipboardlO.i0_Data = ldata;
chpboardIO.io_Length = 4;
DolO(&clipboardIO);

}

CBSatisfyPost(string)
char *string;

{
int length;
char *s;
length = 0;
Ss = string;

while(*s++) length++;
chpboardIO.10_Offset = 0;

writeLong(” FORM” ): /* >FORM” */
length += 12;

writeLong(&length); [* # */
writeLong(” TEST” ); /* °TEST” */
writeLong(” TEST”); /* TEST” */
length -=— 12;

writeLong(&length); /* # */

clipboardIO.10_Command = CMD_WRITE;
clipboardlO.io_Data = string;

448 Clipboard

}

chpboardIO.io_Length = length;
DolO(&clipboardIO);

chpboardIO.io_Command = CMD_UPDATE;

DolO(&clipboardIO);

CBCutS(string)

char *string;

}

clipboardIO.i0o_ClipID = 0;
CBSatisfy Post(string);

CBPasteS(string)

char *string;

{

}

int

int length;

clipboardIO.io_Command = CMD_READ;
clipboardIO.1i0_Data = 0;
chipboardIO.io_Length = 16;
chipboardIO.i0_Offset = 0;
chipboardIO.i0_ClipID = 0;
DolO(&clipboardIO);

clipboardIlO.io_Command = CMD_READ;
clipboardlO.io_Data = &length;
clipboardIO.io_Length = 4;
DolO(&clipboardIO);

chpboardIO.10_Command = CMD_READ;
chpboardIO.10_Data = string;
clipboardIO.io_Length = length;
DolO(&clipboardIO);

string|length| = ’\0’;

/* force end of file to terminate read */
clipboardIO.io_Command = CMD_READ;
clipboardIlO.io_Length = 1;
clipboardIO.i0o_Data = 0;
DolO(&clipboardIO);

CBPost()

{

/* text string */

Clipboard

449

clipboardIO.io_Command = CBD_POST;
clipboardIO.io_Data = &satisfyMsgPort;
clipboardIO.io_ClipID = 0;
DolO(&clipboardIO);
return(clipboardIO.io_ClipID);

}

int

CBCurrentReadID()

clipboardIO.io_Command = CMD_CLIPREADID;
DolO(&clipboardIO);
return(clipboardIO.io_ClipID);

}

int

CBCurrentWritelD()

{
clipboardIO.io_Command = CMD_CLIPWRITEID;
DolO(&clipboardIO);
return(clipboardIO.io_ClipID);

}

BOOL
CBCheckSatisfy(id Var)
int *idVar;

{

struct SatisfyMsg *sm;

if (*idVar == 0)
return(TRUE);
if (*idVar < CBCurrentWriteID()) {
*idVar = 0;
return(TRUE);
}
if (sm = (struct SatisfyMsg *) GetMsg(&satisfyMsgPort)) {
if (*idVar == sm->sm_ClipID)
return(TRUE);

return(FALSE);

450 Clipboard

PART ITI

Chapter 17

Math Functions

This chapter describes the structure and calling sequences required to access the Motorola Fast
Floating Point and IEEE Double Precision math libraries via the Amiga-supplied interfaces.

Introduction

In its present state, the FFP library consists of three separate entities: the basic math library,
the transcendental math library, and C and assembly-language interfaces to the basic math
library plus FFP conversion functions. The IEEE Double Precision library presently consists of
one entity: the basic math hbrary.

Math Functions 453

FFP Floating Point Data Format

FFP floating-point variables are defined within C by the float or FLOAT directive. In assembly
language they are simply defined by a DC.L/DS.L statement. All FFP floating-point variables
are defined as 32-bit entities (longwords) with the following format:

MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM SEBEEEEE
31 23 15 7

where

M = 24-bit mantissa

S = Sign of FFP number

FE = Exponent in excess-64 notation
The mantissa is considered to be a binary fixed-point fraction; except for 0, it is always normal-
ized (has a 1 bit in its highest position). Thus, it represents a value of less than 1 but greater
than or equal to 1/2.
The sign bit is reset (0) for a positive value and set (1) for a negative value.
The exponent is the power of two needed to correctly position the mantissa to reflect the
number’s true arithmetic value. It is held in excess-64 notation, which means that the two’s-
complement values are adjusted upward by 64, thus changing $40 (-64) through $3F (+63) to

$00 through $7F. This facilitates comparisons among floating-point values.

The value of 0 is defined as all 32 bits being Os. The sign, exponent, and mantissa are entirely
cleared. Thus, Os are always treated as positive.

The range allowed by this format is as follows:

454 Math Functions

DECIMAL:

9.22337177 x 10**18 > +VALUE > _ 5.42101070 x 10**-20

-9.22337177 x 10**18 < -VALUE <_ -2.71050535 x 10**-20

BINARY (HEXADECIMAL):

FRFFFFF x 2**63 > +VALUE > _ .800000 x 2**-63

-FRFFFFF x 2**63 < -VALUE <_ -.800000 x 2**-64

Remember that you cannot perform any arithmetic on these variables without using the fast
floating-point libraries. The formats of the variables are incompatible with the arithmetic for-

mat of C-generated code; hence, all floating-point operations are performed through function
calls.

FFP Basic Mathematics Library

The FFP basic math library resides in ROM and is opened by making a call to the
OpenLibrary() function with mathffp.library as the argument. In C, this might be imple-
mented as shown below:

int MathBase;

main()

{

char lib_name|] = ”mathffp.library” ;

if ((MathBase = OpenLibrary(lib_name, 0)) < 1) {
printf(”Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, lib_name,
MathBase);

exit(); }

Math Functions 455

The global variable MathBase is used internally for all future library references.

This library contains entries for the basic mathematics functions such as add, subtract, and so
on. The C-called entry points are accessed via code generated by the C compiler when standard
numerical operators are given within the source code. Note that to use either the C or assembly
language interfaces to the basic math library all user code must be linked with the library
amiga.ltb. The C entry points defined for the basic math functions are as follows:

ffixi Convert FFP variable to integer
Usage: il = (int) f1;

fflti Convert integer variable to FFP
Usage: f1 = (FLOAT) il;

femp)i Compare two FFP variables

Usage: if (f1 <> f2) {};

ftsti Test an FFP variable against zero

Usage: if (!f1) {};

fabsi Take absolute value of FFP variable
Usage: fl = abs(f2);

fnegi Take two’s complement of FFP variable

Usage: fl = -f2;

faddi Add two FFP variables
Usage: fl = f2 + f3;

fsubi Subtract two FFP variables
Usage: fl — f2 - f3;

fmuli Multiply two FFP variables
Usage: fl = f2 * f;

fdivi Divide two FFP variables
Usage: fl = f2 / f2;

Be sure to include proper data type definitions as shown in the example below.

456 Math Functions

#include <libraries/mathffp.h>
int MathBase;

main()
{
FLOAT f1, f2, f3;
int il, i2, i3;
char lib_name[] = ”mathffp.library”;

if((MathBase = OpenLibrary(lib_name, 0)) < 1 ) {
printf(” Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, lib_name,
MathBase);

exit(); }

il = (int) f1; /* Call ffixi entry */
fi == (FLOAT) il; /* Call fflti entry */
if (f1 < f2) {}; /* Call fempi entry */
if (!f1) {}; /* Call ftsti entry */
fl = abs(f2); /* Call fabsi entry */
fl = -f2; /* Call fnegi entry */
fl = f2 + f3; /* Call faddi entry */
fl = f2 - f3; /* Call fsubi entry */
fl = f2 * f3; /* Call fmuli entry */
fl = f2 / f3; /* Call fdivi entry */

}

The Amiga assembly language interface to the Motorola Fast Floating Point basic math rou-
tines is shown below, including some details about how the system flags are affected by each
operation. This interface resides in amiga.lib and must be linked with the user code. Note that
the access mechanism from assembly language is as follows:

MOVEA.L _MathBase,A6
JSR _LVOSPFix,A6

Math Functions 457

_LVOSPFix - Convert FFP to integer

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

_LVOSPFIt - Convert integer to FFP

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

_LVOSPCmp- Compare

Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

458 Math Functions

DO = FFP argument

DO = Integer (two’s complement) result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1if overflow occurred

C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = Integer (two’s complement) argument
DO = FFP result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

D1 = FFP argument 1
DO = FFP argument 2
DO = +1 if argl < arg2
DO = -1 if argl > arg2
DO = 0 if argl = arg2

N = 0

Z = 1 if result is zero
V=0

C = undefined

X = undefined

GT = arg2 > argl
GE = arg2 >= argl
EQ = arg2 = argl
NE = arg2 <> argl
LT = arg2 < argl
LE = arg2 <= argl

_LVOSPTst -

_LVOSPAbs -

_LVOSPNeg -

Test

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

D1 = FFP argument

DO = +1 if arg > 0.0

DO = -1 if arg < 0.0

DO = 0 if arg = 0.0

N = 1 if result is negative
Z = 1 if result is zero

V=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

EQ = arg — 0.0
NE = arg <> 0.0
PL = arg >= 0.0
MI = arg < 0.0

Note: This routine trashes the

argument in D1.

Absolute value

Inputs:
Outputs: -

Condition codes:

Negate

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

DO = FFP argument
DO = FFP absolute value result

N= 0

Z = 1 if result is zero
V=0

C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument
DO = FFP negated result
N = 1 if result is negative
Z = 1 if result is zero

V=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

Math Functions 459

_LVOSPAd4d -

_LVOSPSub -

_LVOSPMul -

_LVOSP Dw -

Addition

Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

Subtraction

Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

Multiply

Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

Divide
Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

460 Math Functions

D1 = FFP argument 1

DO = FFP argument 2

DO = FFP addition of argl+arg2 result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result overflowed

C = undefined

Z = undefined

D1 = FFP argument 1

DO = FFP argument 2

DO = FFP subtraction of arg2-arg1 result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result overflowed

C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO = FFP argument 1

D2 = FFP argument 2

DO = FFP multiplication of argl*arg2 result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result overflowed

C = undefined

Z = undefined

D1 = FFP argument 1
DO = FFP argument 2
DO = FFP division of arg2/arg1 result
N = 1 if result is negative
Z = 1 if result is zero
V = 1 if result overflowed
C = undefined
= undefined

FFP Transcendental Mathematics Library

The FFP transcendental math library resides on disk and must be accessed in the same way as
the basic math hbrary after it is loaded into system RAM. The name to be included in the
OpenLibrary() call is mathtrans.library. In C, this might be implemented as follows:

int MathBase;
int MathTransBase;

main()

{
char bmath_namel|] = ”mathffp.library”;
char tmath_name[] = ”mathtrans.library”;

if((MathBase = OpenLibrary(bmath_name, 0)) < 1 ) {
printf(” Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, bmath_name,
MathBase);

exit(); }

if((MathTransBase = OpenLibrary(tmath_name, 0)) < 1 ) {

printf(” Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, tmath_name,
Math TransBase);

exit(); }

j

The global variables MathBase and MathTransBase are used internally for all future library
references. Note that the transcendental math library is dependent upon the basic math library
and, therefore, is opened after the basic math library has been opened.

This library contains entries for the transcendental math functions sine, cosine, and so on. The
C-called entry points are accessed via code generated by the C compiler when the actual func-

tion names are given within the source code. The C entry points defined for the transcendental
math functions are as follows:

SPAsin Return arcsine of FFP variable.
Usage: f1 = SPAsin(f2);

SPAcos Return arccosine of FFP variable.

Usage: f1 = SPAcos(f2);

Math Functions 461

SPAtan Return arctangent of FFP variable.
Usage: fl = SPAtan/(f2);

SPSin Return sine of FFP variable. This function accepts an FFP radian argument
and returns the trigonometric sine value. For extremely large arguments where
little or no precision would result, the computation is aborted and the “‘V”’ con-
dition code is set. A direct return to the caller is made.

Usage: f1 — SPSin(f2);

SPCos Return cosine of FFP variable. This function accepts an FFP radian argument
and returns the trigonometric cosine value. For extremely large arguments
where little or no precision would result, the computation is aborted and the
‘““V”? condition code is set. A direct return to the caller is made.

Usage: f1 = SPCos(f2);

SPT an Return tangent of FFP variable. This function accepts an FFP radian argument
and returns the trigonometric tangent value. For extremely large arguments
where little or no precision would result, the computation is aborted and the
‘““V” condition code is set. A direct return to the caller is made.

Usage: f1 = SPTan(f2);

SPSincos Return sine and cosine of FFP variable. This function accepts an FFP radian
argument and returns both the trigonometric sine and cosine values. If both the
sine and cosine are required for a single radian value of interest, this function
will result in almost twice the execution speed of calling the sin and cos func-
tions independently. For extremely large arguments where little or no precision
would result, the computation is aborted and the “V”’ condition code is set. A
direct return to the caller is made.

Usage: f1 = SPSincos(&f3, f2);

SPSinh Return hyperbolic sine of FFP variable.
Usage: fl = SPSinh(f2);

SPCosh Return hyperbolic cosine of FFP variable.
Usage: f1 = SPCosh(f2);

SPTanh Return hyperbolic tangent of FFP variable.
Usage: f1 = SPTanh(f2);

SPExp Return e to the FFP variable power. This function accepts an FFP argument

and returns the result representing the value of e (2.71828...) raised to that
power.

462 Math Functions

Usage: f1 = SPExp/(f2);

SPLog Return natural log (base e) of FFP variable.
Usage: f1 = SPLog(f2);

SPLog10 Return naparian log (base 10) of FFP variable.
Usage: f1 = SPLogl10(f2);

SPPow Return FFP arg2 to FFP arg].
Usage: f1 — SPPow/(f3, f2);

SPSart Return square root of FFP variable.
Usage: f1 = SPSaqrt(f2);

SPTieee Convert FFP variable to IEEE format
Usage: il = SPTieee(f1);

SPFieee Convert IEEE variable to FFP format.
Usage: fl = SPFieee(il);

Be sure to include proper data type definitions, as shown in the example below.

#include <mathffp.h>

int MathBase;
int MathTransBase;

main()

{
FLOAT f1, f2, £3;

int il, i2, 13;
char bmath_name|] = ”mathffp.library” ;
char tmath_name|] = ”mathtrans.library” ;

if((MathBase = OpenLibrary(bmath_name, 0)) < 1 ) {
printf(” Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, bmath_name, MathBase);

exit(); }

if((MathTransBase = OpenLibrary(tmath_name, 0)) < 1 ) {
printf(”Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, tmath_name, MathTransBase);

exit(); }
fl = SPAsin(f2); /* Call SPAsin entry */

Math Functions 463

fl = SPAcos(f2);
fl = SPAtan(f2);

fl = SPSin(f2);
fl = SPCos(f2);
fl = SPTan(f2);
fl = SPSincos(&f3, f2);

fl = SPSinh(f2);
fl = SPCosh(f2);
f1 = SPTanh(f2);

fl = SPExp/(f2);
fl = SPLog(f2);
fl = SPLog10(f2);
fl = SPPow/(f2);

fl = SPSaqrt/(f2);
il = SPTieee(f2);
f1 = SPFieee(il1);
}

/* Call SPAcos entry */
/* Call SPAtan entry */

/* Call SPSin entry */

/* Call SPCos entry */
/* Call SPTan entry */
/* Call SPSincos entry */

/* Call SPSinh entry */
/* Call SPCosh entry */
/* Call SPTanh entry */

/* Call SPExp entry */
/* Call SPLog entry */
/* Call SPLog10 entry */
/* Call SPPow entry */
/* Call SPSqrt entry */

/* Call SPTieee entry */
/* Call SPFieee entry */

The section below describes the Amiga assembly language interface to the Motorola Fast Float-
ing Point transcendental math routines and includes some details about how the system flags
are affected by the operation. Again, this interface resides in the library file mathlink.lib and
must be linked with the user code. Note that the access mechanism from assembly language is
as shown below:

LEA _LVOSPAsin,A6
JSR _MathTransBase(A6)
_LVOSP Asin - Arcsine
Inputs: DO = FFP argument
Outputs: DO = FFP arctangent radian result
Condition codes: Ne==0
Z = 1 if result is zero
VY = 0
C = undefined
X = undefined

464 Math Functions

_LVOSPAcos -

_LVOSPAtan -

_LVOSPSin -

_LVOSP Cos -

Arccosine

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

Arctangent

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

Sine

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

Cosine

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

DO = FFP argument
DO = FFP arctangent radian result

N= 0

Z = 1 if result is zero
V=0

C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument
DO = FFP arctangent radian result

N = 0

Z = 1 if result is zero
V = 0

C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument in radians
DO = FFP sine result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result is meaningless
(that is, input magnitude too large)
C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument in radian

DO = FFP cosine result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result is meaningless
(that is, input magnitude too large)
C = undefined

X = undefined

Math Functions 465

_LVOSPTan - Tangent

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

_LVOSPSincos - Sine and cosine

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

_LVOSPSinh- — Hyperbolic sine

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

_LVOSPCosh - —_Hyperbolic cosine

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

466 Math Functions

DO = FFP argument in radians
DO = FFP tangent result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result is meaningless
(that is, input magnitude too large)
C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument in radians

D1 = Address to store cosine result
DO = FFP sine result

(D1) = FFP cosine result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result is meaningless

(that is, input magnitude too large)
C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument in radians
DO = FFP hyperbolic sine result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if overflow occurred

C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument in radians
DO = FFP hyperbolic cosine result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if overflow occurred

C = undefined

X = undefined

_LVOSPTanh -

_LVOSPExp -

_LVOSPLog -

_LVOSPLog10 -

Hyperbolic tangent

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

Exponential

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

Natural logarithm

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

Naparian (base 10) logarithm

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

DO = FFP argument in radians

DO = FFP hyperbolic tangent result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if overflow occurred

C = undefined

X = undefined

DO = FFP argument

DO = FFP exponential result
N=0

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if overflow occurred
C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO = FFP argument

DO = FFP natural logarithm result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if argument negative or zero
C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO = FFP argument

DO = FFP natural logarithm result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if argument negative or zero

C = undefined
Z = undefined

Math Functions 467

_LVOSPPow -

_LVOSPSart -

_LVOSPTieee -

_LVOSPFieee -

Power

Inputs:

Outputs:
Condition codes:

Square root

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

Convert to IEEE format

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

Convert from IEEE format

Inputs:
Outputs:
Condition codes:

468 Math Functions

D1 = FFP argument value

DO = FFP exponent value

DO = FFP result of arg taken to exp power
N =0

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result overflowed or arg < 0

C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO = FFP argument

DO = FFP square root result

N = 0

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1if argument was negative
C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO = FFP format argument

DO = IEEE floating-point format result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = undefined
C = undefined
Z = undefined

DO = IEEE floating-point format argument
DO = FFP format result

N = undefined

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1if result overflowed FFP format

C = undefined

Z = undefined

FFP Mathematics Conversion Library

The FFP mathematics conversion library is accessed by linking code into the executable file
being created. The name of the file to include in the library description of the link command
line is mathlink_lib.lib. When this is included, direct calls are made to the conversion functions.
Only a C interface exists for the conversion functions; there is no assembly language interface.

The basic math library is required in order to access these functions and might be opened as
shown below.

int MathBase;
main()
char bmath_name|] = ”mathffp.library”;
if ((MathBase = OpenLibrary(bmath_name, 0)) < 1 ) {

printf(” Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, bmath_name,
MathBase);

exit(); }

}
The global variable MathBase is used internally for all future basic math library references.
This lhbrary contains entries for the conversion functions associated with math library usage.
The C-called entry points are accessed via code generated by the C compiler when the actual

function names are given within the source code. The C entry points defined for the math
conversion functions are as follows:

afp Convert ASCII string into FFP equivalent.
Usage: fnum = afp(&string(0});

fpa Convert FFP variable into ASCII equivalent.
Usage: exp = fpa(fnum, &string|0]);

arnd Round ASCII representation of FFP number.
Usage: arnd(place, exp, &string|0]);

Math Functions 469

dbf

fpbed

Be sure to include proper data type definitions, as shown in the example below. Print state-
ments have been included to help clarify the format of the math conversion function calls.

Convert FFP dual-binary number to FFP equivalent.
Usage: fnum = dbf(exp, mant);

Convert FFP variable to BCD equivalent.
Usage: fpbcd(fnum, &string(0});

#include <mathffp.h>

char st1[80] = ”3.1415926535897” ;
char st2|80] = ”2.718281828459045” ;
char st3|80], st4[80];

int MathBase;

main()

{

FLOAT numl, num2, num3, num4, num5, num6, num7, num8, num9;

FLOAT nl, n2, n3, n4, nd, n6, n7, n8, n9;

int il, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19;

int expl, exp2, exp3, exp4, mantl, mantz2,
mant3, mant4, placel, place2;

if ((MathBase=OpenLibrary(” mathffp. library” ,0)) < 1) {

printf{(”Can’t open mathffp.library:vector =%08x\n”,

MathBase);
exit();
}
nl = afp(st1); /* Call afp entry */
n2 = afp(st2); /* Call afp entry */
printf(”\n\nASCII %s converts to floating point %f”,
stl, n1);
printf(”\nASCII %s converts to floating point %f”,
st2, n2);

numl = 3.1415926535897;
num2 = 2.718281828459045;

expl = fpa(numl, st3); /* Call fpa entry */
exp2 = fpa(num?2, st4); /* Call fpa entry */

printf(” \n\nfloating point %f converts to ASCII %s”, num1, st3);

470 Math Functions

printf(” \nfloating point %f converts to ASCII %s”,

num2, st4);
placel = -2;
place2 = -1;
arnd(placel, exp1, st3); /* Call arnd entry */
arnd(place2, exp2, st4); /* Call arnd entry */

printf(”\nASCII round of %f to %d places yields %s”,
numl, placel, st3);

printf(”\nASCII round of %f to %d places yields %s”,
num2, place2, st4);

expl —-3; exp2 — 3; exp3 =—-3; exp4 = 3;
mantl = 12345; mant2 = -54321; mant3 = -12345:;
t4 = 594321;

nl = dbf(exp1, mantl1); /* Call dbf entry */

n2 = dbf(exp2, mantz2); /* Call dbf entry */

n3 = dbf(exp3, mants3); /* Call dbf entry */

n4 = dbf(exp4, mant4); /* Call dbf entry */

printf(”\n\ndbf of exp = %d and mant = %d yields FFP number
of %f”, expl, mantl, nl);

printf(” \ndbf of exp = %d and mant = %d yields FFP number
of %f”, exp2, mant2, n2);

printf(”\ndbf of exp = %d and mant = %d yields FFP number
of %f”, exp3, mant3, n3);

printf(”\ndbf of exp = %d and mant = %d yields FFP number
of %f”, exp4, mant4, n4);

num] — -numl;

fpbed(numl1, st3); /* Call fpbed entry */

st3|8] = ’\0’;

strcepy(&12, &st3/4}):

st3/4| = ’\0’;

strepy(&il, st3);
printf(” \n\nfloating point %f converts to BCD %08x% 08x”, num1, i1, i2);
num2 = -num?2;
fpbcd(num?2, st4); /* Call fpbed entry */
st4|8| = ’\0’;
strepy(&i4, &st4[4]);
st4|4] = °\0’;
strepy(&i3, st4);
printf(”\nfloating point %f converts to BCD
% 08x% 08x”, num2, i, 14);

Math Functions 471

IEEE Double-precision Basic Math Library

The IEEE double-precision basic math lhbrary resides on disk and is opened by making a call to
the OpenLibrary() function with mathieeedoubbas.library as the argument. In C, this
might be implemented as shown below.

int MathIeeeDoubBasBase;
main()
char lib_name[] = ”mathieeedoubbas.library” ;

if ((MathIeeeDoubBasBase = OpenLibrary(lib_name, 0)) < 1 ) {
printf(” Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, lib_name,
MathIeeeDoubBasBase);

exit(); }

j

The global variable MathIeeeDoubBasBase is used internally for all future library references.

This library contains entries for the basic mathematics functions, such as add, subtract, and so
on. The C-called entry points are accessed via code generated by the C compiler when the
actual function names are given within the source code. The C entry points defined for the
IEEE double-precision basic math functions are listed below:

IEEEDPF ix
Convert IEEE double-precision variable to integer

Usage: il = IEEEDPFix(f1);
IEFEEDPF It
Convert integer variable to IEEE double precision

Usage: fl = IEEEDPFIt(i1);

IEEEDPCmp

Compare two IEEE double-precision variables

Usage: — switch (IEEEDPCmp/(f1, f2)) {};

IEEEDPTst
Test an IEEE double-precision variable against zero

472 Math Functions

Usage: switch (IEEEDPTst(f1)) {};

IEEEDPAbs
Take absolute value of IEEE double-precision variable

Usage: fl = IEEEDPAbs(f2);

IEEEDPNeg

Take two’s complement of IEEE double-precision variable

Usage: f1 = IEEEDPNeg(f2);

IEEEDPAdd
Add two IEEE double-precision variables

Usage: fl = JEEEDPAdd(f2, f3);

IEEEDPSub
Subtract two IEEEDPSub variables

Usage: fl — IEEEDPSub/(f2, 3);

IEEEDPMul
Multiply two IEEE double-precision variables

Usage: f1 = IEEEDPMul(f2, f3);

IEEEDPDiv
Divide two IEEE double-precision variables

Usage: fl = IEEEDPDiv(f2, f3);

Be sure to include proper data type definitions, as shown in the example below.

int MathIeeeDoubBasBase;

main()

{
double fl, f2, f3;

int il, 12, 13;
char lib_name|| = ”mathieeedoubbas.library” ;
if((MathIeeeDoubBasBase = OpenLibrary(lib_name, 0)) < 1 ) {

printf(”Can’t open %s: vector = %08x\n”, lib_name,
MathIeeeDoubBasBase);

exit(); }

il = IEEEDPFix(f1); /* Call IEEEDPFix entry */
fi = IEEEDPFIt(i1); /* Call IEEEDPFIt entry «/

Math Functions 473

switch (IEEEDPCmp(f1, f2)) {};
switch (IEEEDPTst(f1)) {};

fl = JIEEEDPAbs(f2);

fl = IEEEDPNeg(f2);

fl = IEFEEDPAdd(f2, f3);

fl = IEEEDPSub(f2, f3);

fl = IEEEDPMul(f2, f3);

fl = IEEEDPDiv(f2, f3);

j

/* Call TIEEEDPCmp entry */
/* Call IEEEDPTst entry */
/* Call IEEEDPAbs entry */
/* Call TIEEEDPNeg entry */
/* Call IEEEDPAdd entry */
/* Call TIEEEDPSub entry */
/* Call TEEEDPMul entry */
/* Call IEEEDPDiv entry */

The Amiga assembly language interface to the IEEE double-precision floating-point basic math
routines is shown below, including some details about how the system flags are affected by each
operation. Note that the access mechanism from assembly language is as shown below:

LEA _LVOIEEEDPFix,A6
JSR _MathIeeeDoubBasBase(A6)

_LVOIEEEDPFix - Convert IEEE double-precision to integer
Inputs: DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument
Outputs: DO = Integer (two’s complement) result
Condition codes: N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero
V = 11if overflow occurred

C = undefined
X = undefined
_LVOIEEEDPFIet - Convert integer to IEEE double-precision

Inputs: DO = Integer (two’s complement) argument
Outputs: DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision result
Condition codes: N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V=0

C = undefined

X = undefined

474 Math Functions

_LVOIEEEDPCmp -

_LVOIEEEDPTst -

Compare two IEEE double-precision values

Inputs: DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument 1
D2/D3 = IEEE double-precision argument 2
Outputs: DO = +1 if argl < arg2

DO = -1 if argl > arg2
DO = Oif arg] = arg2

Condition codes: N=0
Z = 1 if result is zero
¥=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

GT = arg2 > argl
GE = arg2 >= argl
EQ = arg2 — argl
NE = arg2 <> argl
LT = arg2 < argl
LE = arg2 <= argl

Test an IEEE double-precision value against zero

Inputs: DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument
Outputs: DO = +1 if arg > 0.0

DO = -1 if arg < 0.0

DO = 0 if arg = 0.0

Condition codes: N = 1 if result is negative
Z = 1 if result is zero
V=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

EQ = arg = 0.0
NE = arg <> 0.0
PL = arg >= 0.0
MI = arg < 0.0

Math Functions 475

_LVOIEEEDPAbs -

_LVOIEEEDPNeg -

_LVOIEEEDPAdd -

476

Math Functions

Absolute value

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

Negate

Inputs:
Outputs:

Condition codes:

Addition
Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument
DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision absolute

value result

N =0
= 1 if result is zero
Ve e=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument
DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision negated result
N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V=0
C = undefined
X = undefined

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument 1

D2/D3 = IEEE double-precision argument 2

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision addition of
argl+arg2 result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result overflowed

C = undefined

Z = undefined

_LVOIEEEDPSub -

_LVOIEEEDPMul -

_LVOIEEEDPDyw -

Subtraction
Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

Multiply
Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

Divide
Inputs:

Outputs:

Condition codes:

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument 1

D2/D3 = IEEE double-precision argument 2

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision subtraction
of argl-arg2 result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1if result overflowed

C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument 1

D2/D3 = IEEE double-precision argument 2

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision multiplication
of argl*arg2 result

N = 1 if result is negative

Z = 1 if result is zero

V = 1 if result overflowed

C = undefined

Z = undefined

DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision argument 1
D2/D3 = IEEE double-precision argument 2
DO/D1 = IEEE double-precision division
of argl/arg2 result
N = 1if result is negative
Z = 1 if result is zero
V = 1if result overflowed
C = undefined
Z = undefined

Math Functions 477

Chapter 18

Workbench

This chapter shows how to use the Workbench facilities in your applications. For information
about Iconfd, the icon editor for making Workbench icons, see the appendixes of the Introduc-
tion to Amiga manual for revision 1.1 of the system software.

Introduction

Workbench is both an application program and a screen in which other applications can run.
Workbench allows users to interact with the Amiga file system by using icons, and it gives the

programmer access to a body of library functions for manipulating the application’s objects and
icons.

Workbench 479

Here are definitions of some terms that may be unfamiliar or used in unfamiliar ways in this
chapter.

Workbench object
A Workbench object contains all the information that Workbench needs to display and
use a project, tool, drawer, etc. The two kinds of Workbench objects are WBObject
(as Workbench uses objects) and DiskObject (as most other users will view objects in
memory or in a file on disk).

wcon
This is a shorthand name for a Workbench object. An icon may be in memory or on

disk or both.

info file
The disk representation of an icon. The format of an icon on disk is slightly different
from an icon in memory, but one is obtainable from the other.

strings
A null-terminated sequence of bytes.

activating

The act of starting a tool, opening a drawer, and so on. The term opening is reserved
for windows and files.

tool
An application program or system utility.

project
Something produced by an executable program and associated with an executable pro-

gram, for example, a text file or a drawing.

drawer
A disk-based directory.

The Icon Library

The icon library, tcon.library, has memory-management routines, icon input and output rou-
tines, and string manipulation routines. The “Library Summaries” appendix to this manual
contains the reference pages for this library.

480 Workbench

The Info File

The info file is the center of interaction between applications and Workbench. This file stores
all the necessary information to display an icon and to start up an application. An info file can
contain several different types of icons, as shown in table 17-1.

Table 18-1: Contents of a Workbench Info File

Icon Name Object
WBDISK The root of a disk
WBDRAWER A directory on the disk
WBTOOL A directly runnable program

WBPROJECT _ A data file of some sort
WBGARBAGE _ The trash can directory
WBKICK A non-DOS disk

The actual data present in the info file depends on the icon type. Note that any graphical
image can be used for any icon type in the info file. In fact, the graphical image need not be
unique for each type of icon. However, it is strongly recommended as a matter of programming
style that each type of icon have a unique graphical image associated with it. In fact, you may
want to have several unique images associated with an icon type. For example, you can have
several different images associated with the WBTOOL type of icon info file.

Most people will not access the info file directly. The icon manipulation library does all the
work needed to read and write info files. The GetDiskObject(), PutDiskObject(), and
FreeDiskObject() routines are especially helpful. The calling sequence of each of these is
given in the icon library reference pages in the “Library Summaries” appendix.

THE DISKOBJECT STRUCTURE

The DiskObject structure is at the beginning of all info files, and is used in the routines
GetDiskObject(), PutDiskObject(), and FreeDiskObject(). The structure is defined in

workbench/workbench.h and contains the following elements:

do_Magic
A magic number that the icon library looks for to make sure that the file it is reading
really contains an icon. It should be the manifest constant WB_DISKMAGIC.
PutDiskObject() will put this value in the structure, and GetDiskObject will not
believe that a file is really an icon unless this value is correct.

Workbench 481

do_Version

This provides a way to enhance the info file in an upwardly-compatible way. It should
be WB_DISKVERSION. The icon library will set this value for you and will not

believe weird values.

do_Gadget

This contains all the imagery for the icon. See the ‘““Gadget Structure” section for more
details.

do_Type
The type of the icon (WBTOOL, WBPROJECT, and so on).

do_Default Tool
Default tools are used for projects and disks. For projects the default tool is the pro-
gram invoked when the project is activated. This tool may be absolute (DISK:file),
relative to the root of this disk (:file), or relative to the project (file). If the icon is of
type WBDISK, the default tool is the diskcopy program that will be used when this
disk is the source of a copy.

Note that if the tool is run via the default tool mechanism (for example, a project was
activated, not a tool), all the information in the project’s info file is used, and the tool’s

info file is ignored. This is especially important for variables like StackSize and
ToolWindow.

do_ToolTypes

ToolTypes is an array of free-format strings. Workbench does not enforce any rules
on these strings, but they are useful for passing environment information. See the
‘“ToolTy pes” section for more information.

do_CurrentX, do_Current Y
Drawers have a virtual coordinate system. The user can scroll around in this system
using the scroll gadgets on the “drawers”? window. Each icon in the drawer has a posi-
tion in the coordinate system. CurrentX and CurrentY contain the icon’s current
position in the drawer.

do_DrawerData
If the icon is capable of being opened as a drawer (WBDISK, WBDRAWER, WBGAR-
BAGE), it needs a DrawerData structure to go with it. This structure contains an
Intuition NewWindow structure. (see Amiga Intuition Reference Manual for more
information about windows.) Workbench uses this to hold the current window position
and size of the window so it will reopen in the same place. The CurrentX and
CurrentyY of the origin of the window is also stored.

do_ToolWindow
By default, Workbench will start a program without a window. If ToolWindow is set,

482 Workbench

this file will be opened and made the standard input and output of the program. This
window will also be put into the process’s pr_WindowPtr variable and will be used
for all system requesters. Note that this work is actually done in the language-
dependent start-up script; if you are coding in assembly language or an unsupported
language, you will have to do the work yourself. The only two files that it makes sense
to open are CON: or RAW:. See the AmigaDOS manuals for the full syntax accepted
by these devices.

do_StackSize

This is the size of the stack used for running the tool. If this is null, then Workbench
will use a reasonable default stack size (currently 4K bytes).

THE GADGET STRUCTURE

To hold the icon’s image, Workbench uses an Intuition Gadget structure, defined in
intuition/intuition.h or intuition/intuition.i for the assembly language version. Workbench res-
tricts some of the values of the gadget. Any unused field should be set to 0. For clarity in
presentation, you can use the assembly language version of these structures,

Note: The C version has the leading “gg_” stripped off. (Workbench structure members have
the same name in all languages supported by Amiga). The Intuition gadget structure members
that Workbench pays attention to are listed below:

gg_ Width
This is the width (in pixels) of the active icon’s active region. Any mouse button press
within this range will be interpreted as having selected this icon.

gg_ Height
The same as Width, only in the vertical direction.

gg Flags

Currently the gadget must be of type GADGIMAGE. Three highlight modes are
supported: GADGHCOMP, GADGHIMAGE, and GADGBACKFILL. GADGHCOMP
complements the image specified (as opposed to Intuition, which complements the select
box). GADGHIMAGE uses an alternate selection image. GADGBACKFILL is similar
to GADGHCOMP, but ensures that there is no ‘‘orange ring” around the selected
image. It does this by first complementing the image, and then flooding all orange pix-
els that are on the border of the image to blue. (In case you do not use the default
colors, orange is color 3 and blue is color 0.) All other flag bits should be 0.

gg_Activation
The activation should have only RELVERIFY and GADGIMMEDIATE set.

Workbench 483

gg_Type
The gadget type should be BOOLGADGET.

gg _GadgetRender
Set this to an appropriate Image structure.

gg SelectRender
Set this if and only if the highlight mode is GADGHIMAGE.

The Image structure is typically the same size as the gadget, except that ig_ Height is often
one pixel less than the gadget height. This allows a blank line between the icon image and the
icon name. The image depth must be 2; ig _PlanePick must be 3; and ig PlaneOnOff should
be 0. The ig NextImage field should be null.

ICONS WITH NO POSITION

Picking a position for a newly created icon can be tricky. NO_ICON_POSITION is a magic
value for do_CurrentX and do_CurrentyY that instructs Workbench to pick a reasonable
place for the icon. Workbench will place the icon in an unused region of the drawer. If there is
no space in the drawers window, the icon will be placed just to the right of the visible region.

Workbench Environment

When a user activates a tool or project, Workbench runs a program. This program is a
separate process and runs asynchronously to Workbench. This allows the user to take advan-
tage of the multiprocessing features of the Amiga.

The environment for a tool under the Workbench is quite different from the environment when
a tool is run from the CLI. The CLI does not create a new process for a program; it jumps to
the program’s code and the program shares the process with the CLI. This means that the pro-
gram has access to all the CLI’s environment, but the program must be very careful to restore
all the correct defaults before returning. Workbench starts a tool from scratch and explicitly
passes the environment to the tool.

One of the things that a Workbench program must set up is stdin and stdout. By default, a
Workbench program does not have a window to which its output will go. Therefore, stdin and

stdout do not point to legal file handles. If your program attempts to printf(), it will destroy
the system.

484 Workbench

START-UP MESSAGE

Right after the tool is started, Workbench sends the tool a message, which is posted to the mes-

sage port in the tool’s process. This message contains the environment and the arguments for
the tool.

Each icon that is selected in the Workbench is passed to the tool. The first argument is the tool
itself. If the tool was derived from a default tool, then this is passed in addition to the project.

All other arguments are passed in the order in which the user selected them; the first icon
selected will be first.

The tool may do what it wishes with the start-up message; however, it must deallocate the mes-
sage sooner or later. If the message is replied to Workbench, then Workbench will take care of
all the clean-up. The tool should not do this until it finishes executing, because part of the
clean-up is freeing the tool’s data space.

The start-up message, whose structure is outlined in workbench/startup.h, has the following
structure elements:

sm_Message
A standard Exec message. The reply port is set to the Workbench.

sm_Process
The process descriptor for the tool (as returned by CreateProcess())

sm_Segment
The loaded code for the tool (returned by LoadSeg())

sm_NumArgs
The number of arguments in sm_ArgList

sm_ToolWindow
This is the same string as the DiskObject’s do_ToolWindow. It is passed here so
the tool’s start-up code can open a window for the tool. If it is null, no default window
is opened.

sm_ArgList
This is the argument list itself.

Each argument has two parts. The wa_Name element is the name of the argument. If this 1s
not a default tool or a drawer-like object, this will be the same as the string displayed under the
icon. A default tool will have the text of the do_DefaultTool pointer; a drawer will have a
null name passed. The wa_Lock is always a lock on a directory, or is NULL (if that object
type does not support locks).

Workbench 485

The following code fragment will work for all arguments (assuming that open will work on them

at all).

LockArg( arg )
struct WBArg *arg;
int openmode;

{

}

LONG olddir;
LONG lock;

/* see if this type can be locked */

if( arg- >wa_Lock == NULL ) {
/* cannot lock it -- it must be a device (for example, DFO:) */
return( NULL );

}

/* change directory to where the argument is * /
olddir = CurrentDir( arg- >wa_Lock );

/* open the argument up */
lock = Lock( arg->wa_Name, SHARED_LOCK );
if( lock === NULL ) {
/* who knows: maybe the user canceled a disk insertion
* request. The real reason can be gotten by IoErr()
*
/
return( NULL );
j

/* set the directory back */
CurrentDir( olddir );

return( lock );

For more routines to manipulate Workbench arguments, see the function appendix.

THE STANDARD START-UP CODE

The standard start-up code handles the worst of the detail work of interfacing with the system.
The C start-up code (startup.obj) waits for the start-up message, opens the tool window (if
one has been requested), sets up SysBase and DOSBase, and passes the start-up message on

to main(). When main() returns (or exit() is called) it replies the message back to
Workbench.

486 Workbench

The main() procedure is called with two parameters: argv and arge. If arge is not NULL,
you have been called from the CLI. If arge is NULL, you have been called from Workbench.
The global variable WBenchMsg points to the Workbench start-up message.

Note: A word of warning for those of you who do not use the standard start-up
sequence: you must turn off task switching (with Forbid()) before replying the message to
Workbench. This will prevent Workbench from unloading your code before you can tell the
DOS that you want to exit. See the C start-up code in the “Example Programs” section.

The ToolTypes Array

This section shows how the ToolTypes array should be formatted, and describes the standard
entries in the ToolTypes array. In brief, ToolTypes is an array of strings. These strings can
be used to encode information about the icon that will be available to all who wish to use it.
The formats are user-definable and user-extensible.

Workbench does not enforce much about the ToolTypes array, but some conventions are
strongly encouraged. A string may be up to 32K bytes large, but you should not make it over a
line long. The alphabet is 8-bit ANSI (for example, normal ASCII with foreign-language exten-
sions). To see what it looks like, try typing with the Alt key held down. Avoid special or non-
printing characters. The case of the characters is significant. The general format is

<name >= <value>||<value>|*

where <name> is the field name and <value> is the text to associate with that name. If the
ID has multiple values, the values may separated by a vertical bar. Currently, the value should
be the name of the application that understands this file. For example, a basic program might

be

FILETYPE=ABasiC. program| text

This notifies the world that this file is acceptable to either a program that is expecting any arbi-

trary type of text (for example, an editor) or to a program that only understands a basic
program.

Two routines are provided to help you deal with the Tooltype array. FindToolType()
returns the value of a Tooltype element. Using the above example, if you are looking for
FILETYPE, the string ‘““ABasiC.program| text” will be returned.

Workbench 487

Match ToolValue() returns nonzero if the specified string is in the reference value string. This
routine knows how to parse vertical bars. For example, using the reference value string of
‘“ABasiC.program|text”, MatchToolValue() will return TRUE for “text” and
“ABasiC.program”’ and FALSE for everything else.

Example Programs

Some example programs, including a start-up sequence, are provided in the following sections.

FRIENDLYTOOL

This program tells the application if it can understand a particular object.

/* INPUTS

* — diskobj -- a workbench DiskObject (a returned by GetDisk Object)
* id -- the application identifier
*k

* OUTPUTS

* nonzero if it understands this object’s type

“)

#-include ” exec/types.h”
#include ” workbench /workbench.h”

#include ” workbench /icon.h”
LONG IconBase;

FriendlyTool( diskobj, id )
struct DiskObject *diskob};
char *id;
{

char **toolarray;

char *value;

/* default return value is failure */
int isfriendly = 0;

/* this assumes that you have not already opened the icon library
* elsewhere in your program. You undoubtedly have, because
* you managed to get a DiskObject structure.

+)

488 Workbench

IconBase = OpenLibrary( ICONNAME, 1 );
if( IconBase == NULL ) {

/* couldn’t find the library??? */

return( 0 ):

/* extract the tool type value array */
toolarray = diskobj->do_ToolType;

/* find the FILETYPE entry */
value = FindToolType( toolarray, ”FILETYPE” );
if( value ) {

/* info file did define the FILETYPE entry */

isfriendly = MatchToolValue( value, id );
}

Close( IconBase );

/* protect ourselves from inadvertent use */
IconBase = -1;

return( isfriendly );

START-UP PROGRAM

EK 2K 2 2K ee 2K 2K 2 ke Eo 2 2k 2 2k 2K 2 2k eco 2K 2 2 ek 2K 2 2 2c 2 2 2 2K 2k cK 2K 2 2c 2K 2 2K 2 2 2 2c og 2K 2k 2c ie og 2K 2K IE 2K 2 2k 2K 2K 2K ok
*

* C Program Startup/Exit (Combo Version: CLI and WorkBench)

*

OOO OR ORK dG dak RG a i kK ak ak ak ok ak 2k ak ok ak ak ak ok
RAK AA [Included Files 22222 I aR aK a 2k ak

INCLUDE ”exec/types.i”
INCLUDE ” exec/alerts.1”
INCLUDE ” exec /nodes.1”
INCLUDE ” exec /lists.i”
INCLUDE ” exec/ports.i”
INCLUDE ” exec /libraries.i”
INCLUDE ” exec/tasks.1”
INCLUDE ” libraries/dos.1”

Workbench 489

INCLUDE ” libraries/dosextens.1”
INCLUDE ” workbench/startup.1”

2K 2 2k KE 2k Imported 2 2 ke ee 2 2k oo 2 2 fe oe 2 2k 2 KF 2c ak 2 2 ie ae 2c ke 2k 2 2 fee ok 2 2c 2g 2k ae ok 2c kc ie 2k 2c ok kc aK afc oe 2k EK 2k 2k 2k ok

xlib macro
xref _LVOI1
endm

xref _AbsExecBase
xref _Input
xref _Output

xref _main - C code entry point

xhib Alert

xlib FindTask
xlib Forbid

xlib GetMsg

xhb OpenLibrary
xlib CloseLibrary
xlib ReplyMsg
xlib Wait

xhb WaitPort

xhb CurrentDir
xlib Open

2K OK 2 2K OK 2k Exported AE EE He ie he te 2 2 2 2k 2 2k 2 2k KK OK 2K IK OK OK ee ek ok 2K oe 2 kc 2k 2k 2 2 2 IK a 2K 2 2 2c ke oe 2 2K kK 2K ok

xdef _SysBase
xdef _DOSBase

xdef _errno
xdef _stdin
xdef _stdout
xdef _stderr

xdef _exit - standard C exit function
xdef _WBenchMsg

callsys macro
CALLLIB _LVOI1
endm

490 Workbench

7K KKK OK kK a ok kK ok a kok ak ok 2k ok ok a ok ak 2 ok ak ok ake 2 ok ke 2k ok ok ok ok og ok ok fe 2k 2 oe oc ok 2 ok a 2 2 ok 2k ok fe 2c oe ok 2k

*

* Standard Program Entry Point
*

* main (arge, argv)

* int argc;

x char *argv||;

xk

2Fe 2 2c 2 2 2K Ko 2c fe 2c 2 2 2 2k ok te 2k 2 KK oe a ke 2 2 2 ok ke ok 2k a ok kc fe 2 oe fe 2c 2 2 oe oe kc 2k 2 2 ec 2k 2 2K oe gk 2 2 2 2K 2K i 2 oo Kk Ok

startup: - reference for Wack users
move.] sp,initialSP ; initial task stack pointer
move.| d0,dosCmdLen
move.| a0,dosCmdBuf

clr.] _WBenchMsg

fenenn= get Exxec’s library base pointer:
move.| _AbsExecBase,a6
move.| a6,_SysBase

a get the address of our task

suba.] al,al
callsys FindTask
move.] d0,a4

peonnnn are we running as a son of Workbench?
tst.] pr_CLI(A4)
beq from Workbench

joooeo- attempt to open DOS library:
bsr openDOS

Senna == find command name:
move.] pr_CLI(a4),a0

add. a0,a0 ‘ bcp] pointer conversion
add. a0,a0

move.| cli_CommandName(a0),a0

add. a0,a0 ; bep] pointer conversion
add.1| a0,a0

jona--- create buffer and array:

Workbench 491

2$:
1$:

3$:

4$:

5$:

63:

parmExit:

492 Workbench

link
movem.|
lea

lea
move.|
moveq.|

a6,#-(100+16*4+2*4)
d2/a2/a3,-(sp)
argvBuffer,a2
argvArray,a3
a3,16(sp)
#1 ,d2

; save
; param counter

fetch command name:

moveq.|
move.b
move.|
bra.s
move.b
dbf
clr.b

#0,d0
(a0)+,d0
a2,(a3)+
1$
(a0)+,(a2)+
d0,2$

(a2)+

; size of command name
; ptr to command name

collect parameters:

move.|
move.]

dosCmdLen,d0
dosCmdBuf,a0

skip control characters and space:

move.b
subq.]
ble.s
cmp.b
ble.s

(a0)+,d1
#1,d0
parmExit
#? dl
3$

copy parameter:

addq.|
move.]
bra.s
move.b
subq.]
cmp.b
ble.s
move.b
bra.s

clr.b
bra.s
clr.b
clr.]

move.|
movem.|

#4142
a2,(a3)+
5$
(a0)+,d1
#41 d0
Hdl
6$
d1,(a2)+
4$

(a2)+
3$

(a2)+
(a3)+

d2,d0
(sp)+,d2/a2/a3

pea argvArray
move.| d0,-(sp)

* ‘The above code relies on the end of line containing a control
* character of any type, 1.e. a valid character must not be the

* last. This fact is ensured by DOS.

?

get standard input handle:
jsr _Input
move.| dO,_ stdin

get standard output handle:

jsr Output
move.| d0O,_stdout
move.| dO,_stderr

call C main entry point
jsr _main

return success code:

moveq.| #0,D0

move.| initialSP sp ; restore stack ptr
rts

from Workbench:

open the DOS library:
bsr openDOS

we are now set up. wait for a message from our starter
bsr waitmsg

save the message so we can return it later
move.] d0,_ WBenchMsg

push the message on the stack for wbmain
move.| d0,-(SP)
elr.] -(SP) indicate: run from Workbench

get the first argument
move.| d0,a2
move.| sm_ArgList(a2),d0

Workbench 493

docons:

domain:

beq.s docons

and set the current directory to the same directory

move.| _DOSBase,a6
move.| d0,a0

move.| wa_Lock(a0),d1
callsys CurrentDir

get the toolwindow argument
move.] sm_ToolWindow(A2),d1
beq.s domain

open up the file
move.] #MODE_OLDFILE,d2
callsys Open

set the C input and output descriptors

move.] d0,_stdin
move.| d0,_stdout
move.| dO,_stderr
beq.s domain

set the console task (so Open( ”*”, mode ) will work
waitmsg has left the task pointer in A4 for us

Is].] #:2,d0

move.] d0,a0

move.| fh_T ype(a0), pr_ConsoleTask(A4)

jsr _main
moveq. #0,d0 Successful return code
bra.s exit2

AE AE 2 2c EE 2 2K 2 2K 2 2 2K KK OK 2 Kk 2 kk 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2K 2 ee 2k 2k ak ee 2 2k 2 2 2K KE aK oe 2 2c 2c 2k 2c eK EE KK 2K OK OK

* + FF %% ¥

C Program Exit Function

Warning: this function really needs to do more than this.

eof 2 2 oe 2c 2 2c 2 2k 2c 2 2 2 oo ke fe 2 aE a oe 2k 2k 2 2 oe kc 2k oe og oc ic af 2 2 ok ic ofc 2 oc ke oe 2 of 2 2 ok of fe 2k 2 2c ke 2 2k 2 2 2 ok 2K 2K 2 2 2 fe ie 2c 2 2 2 2k

_exit:

494 Workbench

move.| A(SP),dO__; extract return code

exit2:
move.| initialSP,SP ; restore stack pointer
move.] d0,-(SP) ; save return code

fennnne close DOS library:

move.| _AbsExecBase,A6
move.| _DOSBase,d0
beq.s 1$
move.] d0,al

1$: callsys CloseLibrary

jannnne if we ran from CLI, skip workbench cleanup:
tst.] _WBenchMsg
beq.s exitToDOS

peeeee return the startup message to our parent
we forbid so workbench can’t UnLoadSeg() us
before we are done:

callsys Forbid

move.] _WBenchMsg,al

callsys ReplyMsg

‘ann on- this rts sends us back to DOS:
exit ToDOS:
move. (SP)+,d0
rts

ALERT (AG_OpenLib!AO_DOSLib)
moveq.l #100,d0
bra.s ex1t2

; This routine gets the message that workbench will send to us
‘ called with task id in A4

waitmsg:
lea pr_MsgPort(A4),aO —-* our process base
callsys WaitPort
lea pr_MsgPort(A4),a0 = * our process base
callsys GetMsg
rts

Workbench 495

; Open the DOS hbrary:

openDOS
clr.] _DOSBase
lea DOSName,Al
move.] #LIBRARY_VERSION,d0
callsys OpenLibrary
move.] DO, _DOSBase
beq noDOS

rts
SOO OR OR OR OO Ro ok gk kok kk ok
DATA

KK 2K 2K 2K 2 2 KE 2K 2K 2 ke 2 2K 2K 2 2k oe 2K 2 2 2c oe 2k 2 2K oc oc ke > 2 2 2 2 2k kc oc ac oi 2 og a oo 2K 2K ok 2 2c oi 2c 2k ok 2 2c 2k ok 2 2k 2k og oo 2 2k ok 2K 2 2k ok

VerRev dc.w 1,0
_SysBase de.l O
_DOSBase de.l O
_errno de.l O
_stdin de.l -l
_stdout de.l -1
_stderr de.l -1
initialSP | de.l O

_WBenchMsg_ dc.l O

dosCmdLen de.l O
dosCmdBuf dce.l O

argvArray ds.l 32

argvBuffer ds.b 256

DOSName DOSNAME
END

496 Workbench

ECHO.C

The following example program prints out arguments passed by the CLI or the WorkBench.
/* Note: If WB startup, uses window opened by LStartup.obj */

#include <exec/types.h >

#-include <workbench/startup.h>
#include <lattice/stdio.h >

extern struct WBStartup *WBenchMsg;

main(arge,argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
BYTE c;
if(arge >0) {
printCliArgs(argce,argv);
}

else {
printWBArgs(WBenchMsg);
while ((c=getchar()) != ’\n’);

}

printCliArgs(argce,argv )
int argc;
char **argv;
t A .
int 15
for(i=0; i<arge; 14+) {
printf(” Arg %2ld = %s\n”,i,argv(i]);
}

}
print WBArgs(msg)
struct WBStartup *msg;

{

struct WBArg *arg;
int 1;
for(i=0, arg—msg->sm_ArgList; i < msg->sm_NumArgs; it++,arg++) {
printf(” WBArg%2ld:Lock =0x%06lx:Name=%s\n”,
i,arg- >wa_Lock,arg- > wa_Name);

printf(?7 PRESS <RET> TO EXIT \n’);

Workbench 497

Appendix A

Library Summaries

This appendix contains UNIX-like summaries for the routines that are built into the Amiga

ROM (or kickstart) software, as well as summaries of routines in disk-loadable libraries. The
debug library documentation is included here as well.

These documentation files are organized alphabetically. Following this introduction is a listing
of each routine in this appendix, followed by the name of the library in which the routine is
located. The tutorial sections of this manual show you how these routines relate to one another
and give you the prerequisites for calling them.

Most routines are listed as part of a library of routines. Before you can use a routine within
your program, you must make sure that the library is opened. Opening libraries is explained
fully in the “Libraries”? chapter of Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec but it bears
repeating here. You open a library by using the OpenLibrary() function as follows:

struct LibBase *LibBase;

LibBase = OpenLibrary(” library.name” ,version);
where

library.name
is a string that describes the name of the library you wish to open.

version

is the version number of the library that you wish to have opened. A value of O says
give me any version. A value of 31, for example (which is the latest version as of this

writing) means specifically to open version 31 of this library or a later version if 31 is
not available.

If the library is disk-resident, it is loaded and initialized. The OpenLibrary() function returns
the address of the library base, which you must assign to a specific variable. In this way your
program links into the library-specific interface code that is contained in amiga. lib.

The names of the libraries that are currently part of the Amiga software and the corresponding
names of the library base pointers associated with them are as follows:

Library Name Library Base Pointer Name
exec. library ExecBase
clist. library ClistBase
graphics. library GfxBase
layers. library LayersBase
intuition. library IntuitionBase
mathffp. library MathBase
mathtrans.library MathTransBase
mathieeedoubbas.library MathIeeeDoubBasBase
dos.library DosBase
translator.library TranslatorBase
icon. library IconBase
diskfont.library DiskfontBase
ramlib. library --- (not useful to C language)

For example:

#include ” graphics/gfx.h”

struct GfxBase *GfxBase;

GfxBase = OpenLibrary(” graphics. library” ,0);

if(GfxBase === NULL) exit(NO_GRAPHICS_LIBRARY_FOUND);

Note: If your program is coming up through the normal start-up code (see the ‘“‘Workbench”’

chapter), ezec.library and dos.library are already opened for you. Thus you need not open them
yourself.

The logic of this code is as follows:

1. When calling a routine, C takes the parameters for the routine and pushes them onto
the stack. For example:

x = Routine(parmA, parmB);

Then it calls a routine named ‘‘_Routine” (adds an underscore to the head of the rou-
tine name).

2. The underlying ROM (or disk-based) code usually expects its parameters to be passed
in registers rather than on the stack. This is to make the code truly general-purpose
(that is, it does not impose a particular stack frame) and more efficient for assembly
language coding.

Therefore, the interface code at _Routine, in turn, saves the contents of registers the
routine will use, pulls parameters off the stack, jams them into registers, and finally
passes control directly to the actual starting location of the routine itself.

The linker needs the library base location because it is through a “jump-with-offset”’
from a machine register that the _Routine entry point is found. The Amiga uses a
relocating loader in AmigaDOS, so you can never be sure exactly where a library of rou-
tines is located. However, once the system has loaded a library, it knows how and
where to find it and gives you a way to use the library’s routines.

The following shows typical interface code linked to your program from amiga.lib:

xref _LibBase ‘library base name is defined in
-user’s file, this code gets linked
‘to user’s program; get the value
‘from there when library is opened.
xdef _Routine
‘make _Routine name external,
‘visible to linker.

_Routine:
move.] A6,-(sp) ‘save register(s)
move.] 8(sp),A0/Al1 ‘copy params A and B to regs.
move.] _LibBase,A6 ‘load library base address
jsr _LVORoutine(A6) ‘go to real routine
move.| (sp)+,A6 ‘restore registers
rts

where _LVORoutine is a value representing the offset, within the library, at which the ‘‘real”’
routine (the routine that expects parameters in registers) is located.

When you have finished using a library, at the end of your program, you should close it, using
the CloseLibrary() function as follows:

CloseLibrary(LibBase);

If the system is running out of memory and needs to free up space, it can check the library-
accessors field for various libraries. For those whose accessors value is zero, it can retrieve the
memory that the library had used.

Contents

abs
AddAnimOb
AddaBob
AddDevice
AddF ont
AddFreeList
AddGadget
AddHead
AddIntServer
AddLibrary
AddPort
AddResource
AddTail
AddTask
AddVsprite
Allocate
AllocCList
AllocEntry
AllocMem
AllocRaster
AllocRemember
AllocSignal
AllocTrap

Al 1locWBOb ject
AndRectRegion
Animate
AreaDraw
AreaEnd
AreaMove

AskF ont
Asksoftstyle
AutoRequest
AvailFonts
AvailMem
BeginRefresn
BeginUpdate
BehindLayer
B1tBitMap
B1tBitMapRastPort
BltClear
BltPattern
BltTemplate
BuildSysRequest
BumpRevision
Cause

CEND
ChangesSprite
CheckIO

CINIT
ClearDMRequest
ClearEOL
ClearMenuStrip
ClearPointer
ClearRegion
ClearScreen
ClipBlit
Close

mathffp.
graphics.
graphics.
exec.
graphics.
icon.

intuition
exec
exec
exec
exec

exec
exec
graphics

layers

intuition
intuition

library
library
library
library
library
library

. library
. Library
. Library
. library
. library
exec.
exec.
exec.
Graphics.
exec.
clist.

library
library
library
library
library
library

. library
. library
. Library
intuition.
exec.
exec.
icon.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
intuition.
diskfont.
exec.
intuition.
layers.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.

intuition.

icon.
exec.
graphics.
graphics.
exec.
graphics.
intuition.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

.iibrary
. Library
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.

dos.

library
library
library
library

CloseDevice exec. library

CloseFont graphics.library
CloseLibrary exec. library
CloseScreen intuition. library
CloseWindow intuition. library
CloseWorkBench intuition. library
CMOVE graphics.library
ColdReset exec.library
ConcatCList clist.library
CopyCList clist.library
CopysBitMap graphics.library
CreateBehindLayer layers.library
CreateDir dos. library
CreateExtIO exec_support. library
CreateProc dos.library
CreateStdI0O exec_support. library
CreateUp frontLayer layers.library
CurrentDir dos. library
CurrentTime intuition. library
CWAIT graphics.library
DateStamp dos.library
Deallocate exec. library
Delay dos.library
DeleteFile dos. library
DeleteLayer layers.library
DeletePort

exec_support. library

DeleteStdIO exec_support. library
DeviceProc dos.library
Disable exec. library
DisownBlitter graphics.library
DisplayAlert intuition. library
DisplayBeep intuition. library
DisposeLayer Info layers.library
DisposeRegion graphics. library
DoCollision graphics.library
DoIO exec. library
DoubleClick intuition. library
Draw graphics.library
DrawBorder intuition. library
DrawGList graphics.library
DrawImage intuition. library
DupLock dos. library
Fnable exec. library
EndRefresh intuition. library
EndRequest intuition. library
EndUpdate layers.library
Enqueue exec. library
Examine dos.library
Execute dos.library
Exit dos.library
ExNext dos. library
faddi mathffp.library
FattenLayerInfo layers.library
fcmpi mathffp. library
fdivi mathffp.library
ff1lti mathffp.library
FindName exec. library
FindPort exec. library
FindTask exec. library
FindToolType icon. library

Flood
Forbid
FlushCList
fmuli

fnegi
FreeCList
FreeColorMap
FreeCopList
FreeCprList
FreeDiskOb ject
Freekntry
FreeFreeList
FreeGBuf fers
FreeMem
FreeRaster
FreeRemember
FreeSignal
Freesprite
FreeSysRequest
FreeTrap
FreeVPortCopLists
FreeWBOb ject
fsubi

ftsti

GetCC
GetCLBuf
GetCLChar
GetCLWord
GetColorMap
GetDefPrefs
GetDiskOb ject
GetGBuf fers
GetIcon
GetMsg
GetPrefs
GetRGB4
GetSprite
GetWBOb ject
TEEEDPAbs
ITEEEDPAdd
IEEEDPCmp
ITEEEDPDiv
ITEEEDPF1t
ITEEEDPMul
IEEEDPNeg
ITEEEDPSub
[TEEEDPTst
IncrCLMark
Info
InitArea
InitBitMap
InitCLPool
InitGels
InitGMasks
InitLayers
InitMasks
InitRastPort
InitRequester
InitsStruct
InitTmpRas

graphics.
exec.

clist

intuition

mathffp
exec
clist
clist

intuition

icon

graphics

mathieeedoubbas

mathieeedoubbas
mathieeedoubbas
mathieeedoubbas

mathieeedoubbas
mathieeedoubbas

intuition
exec

library
library

. library
mathffp.
mathffp.

clist.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.
icon.
exec.
icon.
graphics.
exec.
graphics.
intuition.
exec.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
exec.
graphics.
icon.
mathffp.

library
library
library
library

. Library
. library
. Library
. Library

clist.
graphics.

library
library

. Library
icon.
graphics.

library
library

. library

exec.
intuition.
graphics.

library
library
library

. Library
icon.

library

. library
mathieeedoubbas.
mathieeedoubbas.

library
library

. Library
. library
. library
mathieeedoubbas.

library

.- library
. library
clist.
dos.
graphics.
graphics.
clist.
graphics.
graphics.
layers.
graphics.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
. library
graphics.

library

InitView
InitVPort
Input
Insert

IntuiTextLength

IoErr

IsInteractive
ItemAddress

LoadRGB4
LoadSeg
LoadView
Lock
LockLayer

LockLayerInfo
LockLayerRom
LockLayers
MakeLibrary
MakeScreen

MakeVPort
MarkCList

MatchToolValue
Modi fy I DCMP
ModifyProp

Move
MoveLayer

MoveLayer InFrontOf
MoveScreen
MoveSprite
MoveWindow

MrgCop

NewLayer Info

NewRegion
Of fGadget
OffMenu
OnGadget
OnMenu

Open

OpenDevice
OpenDiskF ont

OpenF ont

OpenLibrary
OpenResource
OpenScreen
OpenWindow
OpenWorkBench
OrRectRegion

Output

OwnBlitter

ParentDir

PeekCLMark

Permit
PolyDraw

PrintIText

PutCLBuf
PutCLChnar
PutCLWord

PutDiskOb ject

PutIcon
PutMsg

PutWBOb ject

graphics.
graphics.
dos.

exec

dos

layers
exec
intuition

intuition
intuition

intuition

intuition
graphics

graphics

intuition
dos
exec

intuition

clist
exec
graphics

library
library
library

. library
intuition.
dos.
dos.
intuition.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library

. library
graphics.
dos.
layers.
layers.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library

. library
. Library
. library
graphics.
clist.
icon.

library
library
library

. Library
. library
graphics.
layers.
layers.

library
library
library

. Library
graphics.

library

. library
. Library
layers.

library

. Library
intuition.
intuition.
intuition.

library
library
library

. Library
. Library
. library
diskfont.
graphics.

exec.

exec.

library
library
library
library

. library
intuition.
intuition.
graphics.

dos.
graphics.

dos.

library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
. Library
. library
intuition.
clist.
clist.
elist:
icon.
icon.
exec.
icon.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

QBLit
QBSB1lit

Read
ReadPixel
RectFill
RefreshGadgets
RemakeDisplay
RemDevice
RemF ont
RemHead

RemI Bob
RemIntServer
RemLibrary
Remove
RemoveGadget
RemPort
RemResource
RemTail
RemTask
RemVSprite
Rename
ReplyMsg
ReportMouse
Request
RethinkDisplay
ScreenToBack
ScreenToFront
scrollLayer
ScrollRaster
ScrollVPort
Seek

sendlIoO
setAPen
setBPen
setOPen
SetCollision
SetComment
setDMRequest
setDrMd
setExcept
setFont
setFunction
setIntVector
setMenuStrip
setPointer
setProtection
setRast
SetRGB4
setSignal
setSoftstyle
SetsR
setTaskPri
setwindowTitles
ShowTitle
Signal
SizeCList
5izeLayer
S5izewindow
sortGList
SPAbS

graphics.

graphics
dos

exec
graphics
exec

exec

dos
intuition

intuition

graphics

intuition
intuition
dos

intuition

layers

library

. Library
. library
graphics.
graphics.
intuition.
intuition.

exec.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library

. library
. library
. Library
exec.

library

. Library
intuition.
exec.
exec.
exec.
exec.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library

exec.
intuition.
intuition.

library
library
library

. Library
. Library
intuition.
layers.
graphics.
graphics.
dos.

exec.

library
library
library
library
library
library

.- library
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.

dos.
intuition.
graphics.
exec.
graphics.
exec.
exec.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. library
. library
. library
graphics.
graphics.

exec.
graphics.

exec.

exec.
intuition.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
exec.
clist.

library
library

. library
intuition.
graphics.

mathffp.

library
library
library

SPAcOS

SPAGd

SPAsin
sPAtan

SPCmp

SPCos

SPCosh

SPDiv

SPExp

oPF ieee
SPF1t
SsplitCList
SPLog
SPLog10

SPMul

SPNeg

SPPow

SPSin
SPSincos
oPSinh
SPSqrt

SPSub

SPTan

SPTanh
SPTieee
SPTst
SubCList
sumLibrary
SuperState
SwapBitsRastPortClipRect
SsyncsBitMap
Text
TextLength
ThinLayerInfo
UnGetCLChar
UnGetCLWord
UnLoadsSeg
UnLock
UnlockLayer
UnlockLayerInfo
UnlockLayerRom
UnlockLayers
UnPutCLChar
UnPutCLWord
UpfrontLayer
UserState
VBeamPos
ViewAddress
ViewPortAddress
Wait
WaitBlit
WaitBOVP
WaitForChnar
WaitIO
WaitPort
WaitTOF
WBenchToBack
WBenchToF ront
WhichLayer
WindowLimits

A - 10

mathtrans.
mathffp.

mathtrans

mathtrans

mathtrans

mathtrans

clist

layers

layers

layers

intuition
intuition
layers

library
library

. library
mathtrans.
mathffp.

library
library

. library
mathtrans.
mathffp.
mathtrans.
mathtrans.
mathffp.
clist.

library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
mathtrans.

mathffp.

mathffp.
mathtrans.
mathtrans.
mathtrans.
mathtrans.
mathtrans.

mathffp.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. library
mathtrans.
mathtrans.

mathffp.

library
library
library

. library
exec. ]
exec.

layers.
graphics.
graphics.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library

. library
clist.
clist.
dos.
dos.

library
library
library
library

. library
layers.
graphics.
layers.
clist.
Clist:

library
library
library
library
library

. library
eXec.
graphics.
intuition.
intuition.
exec.
graphics.
graphics.
dos.
exec.
exec.
graphics.

library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library
library

. Library
. library
. Library
intuition.

library

WindowloBack intuition

WindowToFront intuition
Write dos
WritePixel graphics
XorRectRegion graphics

. Library
. library
. Library
. library
. library

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sueoul STUL °(YNddNdS WOTJ YOU) YooTq ToT}UOS ysez eyy UT
petytoeds uotzeooT OFYdS Sy} Fe HutTz1e Ss poexeooTTe st aoeds
STUL ‘SIa}sTber Jo Jos TeTITUT S,Yyse} sy} AOJ yorqys S,yxse
MoU 9} WOIJ soerds asn ATTIeAOduUIEy [[TM uOoT}OUNJ STUYL

-uoT}OUNT SsTyy HuTt{[[eo oF
azotid pezeooTTe eq pTnoys yorejs TeurtuTwu e pue pezTTeTzTUT
oq ySsnul YOOTq [TorTJuUOD ysez sy fo SpTetF uTezte

‘uoqsAs oy} OF YySe2 e& PPV

C rz ) ; 3 z = a 7 - NOLLONNA

(DaTeUTS ‘OdTeTFTUT /YxSe}) ASeLPPW

SISdONAS

wejsks 3yuj OF yseqz e& ppe — YASeLPPW

GWYN

A~SeLPPW

A- 18

Tre} ye WLEsUT OF Spou ey - epou
Tapesy 3STT 3ebre} ey OF Ja juTOd e - 4STT
SLONdNI

"3STI pexUTT ATQqnop e JO [Te} Syz OF Spou e PPV

O5*9)9h7 = Ty ow

(apou /3STT) TTeLppw
SISdONAS

3STT B JO [Te 0} epou puedde —— [TeLppW
AWWN

TteLPPW

a} eoOT Teed
OSTW dds

‘oTued [T[t* wexshs ayA ‘ydnr10OO ST 4STT Seay SY FI
SNOILddOxd

‘o10Z UIN}eT ‘/ptTTeauTt st AToupu
pajysenber Jo Qunowe ayy JI ‘ofez umnjez ‘ysenbez eyy
AJstjzes 03 ybnous aebre[ suotber seij ou ore arSYy JI
‘YOOT aeTy peqeootTTe ysnf ayR 0} AaqutTod e — yoo T@ATouPU
LTASAY

sojhq UT YOOTA peItTsep eyj Jo aezts ayy — eztsejAq
Joepeay ysttT Arousuwl oy} 0} SquTod — ySsTTeeT;J
SLAdNTI

*AzToupul eVep [euro zUT
S,uotjzeot{Tdde ue aheueul 0F paesn oq ued ‘“4STT serf
ajeatid e y4tM uoTAZounLuOCS UT pasn uayM ‘UOT ROUNZ STUL

-(saqkq g ST uoTRNTOSeT UCT ReDOTTe

umurutul oy} °6'9) anTea ueAd YOOTG 7#xXeU ayW OF dn
pepunor aie Sazts uoT}eooTT[e [Te ‘seouey ‘poubTTe
YOOTA aq TTTM ‘payzeooTTe IO seljJ Tayzeya ‘SYOOTT TIW

"aZTS poysoenber ayy
0} Tenba IO ueyR TajeeIb st Vey YoOTC soerAJ ASAT]
au} UINIeT [[T WI ‘food Azoueu sa1y ueatb e worj
Arourul JO SyooTG a}eooTTe OF pesn ST UOT JOUNF STUL

NOILONNA
(2942) 93 I-
0d OW 0d
(aztsezfq /4STTeerjy)ezeooTTe = YyooTATOuPu
SISdONAS
AIouwUu JO YOOTQ e azeOOTTe —— 92} edOCTTV
GWYN

a} PDOTTW

buTyON
OSIW 3gS

UMOUY SUON
sond

buTUAON
LINSdd

aimmnjonrz4S WZIOgAsey e OF AaquTOd = 31O0dy
4STT IHD OY OF peppe aq OF aINQONTAs aRTIdSA SYR OF Jajzutod = SA
SLAdNI

X‘X SQT butsn ASTT TaD WUSeTIMD |yA OJUT azTIdSA STYR SyxUTT
sheT] a3tadsa weyshs ey} dn sos

C LA ) (a4) - NOLLONNA

Te oF
9 Aq petteo se (qIody ‘SA)e4TIdSAPPW
SISdONAS
3STT ISD QUeTAINS ayA 03 aRTIdsA e ppe —- ayTadsappw
AWWN
23 TIdSAPPW

A- 19

Od UT ST UO paTTey am yey ATOwSwW Jo edAy, —-----—-

ssaoons S° Odd
oda’Te# I uIod

Gw/ATQUAOOTIVOAT dITTIWO

OW’ TOSd}ST TWN WaT
:43zeq4s
ZE Tod
pd AqTQuOo x» YVEIO GNAW'YO OITdnd AWaW 1" Od
9T Tod
ex Atque x YWAIO AWW YO’ LSva AWaW Tod
; 8 Tod
c# AT WUO x YVA1IO JWHW' YO’ dIHO AWW Tod
v Tod
T# Aqjuo x OITdnd AWaW 1T°Od
Z Tod
o# Aqque » YWa1O JWAW T°od
SoeTtiqus Jo requmu C M*Od
apou YST[T TOJ aoeds saAosol x qZIS NI a°sd
: [0ed;STTUPH

:3eUuQ Op pTNom juseube1y

apoo butmoTToy euL “AToeaTqoedser yWaIO AWW’ YO’ OITdNd AWaW

pue ‘/YWwaIO AWSW' YO LSWd JWaW ‘YWaIO AWHW' YO dIHO AWAW

‘OI Tand IWAN ‘YWaIO JWEW JO sqzueuwerTNber yyTM aezTs UT

sozAq ze pue ‘oT ’g ‘yp ’Z JO SuOthal eaTJ SjueM IOSN SUL
SATIdNWXa

“Jes ST Te 3tq pue
pourInjer are uoTeOOTTe PaTTeJ ey} JO sSqusUeTtTNber
au usu} ‘/peuTe}qo eq youues Axrourfu ybnouse jI
‘sazTs ITey} pue ‘psezeooTTe
Adoupul [TenqQoe ayy UIA UT PeT[T} ASTWRU JUeTesJTp YW —--— TTWeu
SLTINSAY

‘samnqoniqjs ArjuqUeU YIM UT peT[T}J ernQonzASs YSTTuHU Y —- 4STTWoll
SLNdNI

‘yseq stu} jo obesn ArOueu Te}OR oY} Jo yorz

daay 0} YOOTG ToIjUCS yse} e UT TeYy}ebo} pexUTT aq Aeul

soinjoni4s 4STTWeEW eseyL “}T Jo yoer} dasy oF emmjoNnT}sS

qIsTTueEW e se T[TemM se Aroueu pertnber sayz pToy oj Atourwu

ybnous sayeooTTe pue sinqjonizqs 4sTTwou e soye} suTyNoT STUL
NOIDLONN4A

(294) Z2e- ow oa

(3stTquoul)ATQU_OOTTW = #STTWeoUu
SISdONAS

Azrouwsu jo suotbez Auew ajzeoo,tTe —— ATU_oOTTW
GWYN

ATAUAOOTTW

“TooLyng Aq poutojied ATRTOTTdwT st uoTjouny sTyL

SH LON
‘4ST[O Mou e& IOJ sTqeTTeae sem aoeds ou ‘aaTjeboeu st YSTYO jT
SNOT LddoXxd
"suoT}OUNJ 4ST[O IoOjJ
pesn oq ued 3eYU} YSTIO e IOJ TORdTAOSep PIOMHUOCT ke
- 4stTo
SLTINSAY
‘pezTTeT}IUT uaeq Apesrrte sey yey, Tood A4STTO W
-— [oodTo
SLAdNI
*sa0IMosat

JTood 3ST[O seumsuco [TTS ASTTO Aqdue ue :ATOuoW ITSsy} [Te

QeIJ O} JepIO UT ASTTO98eTI YIM posoTo ATRITOTTdxe eq ySnu

asn UT TebuoT ou ere 3eyy SqST[D ~Aqdule ST peqtiosep 4st[o

SUL ‘JST[O e& aoUaeTayaT 03 posn oq ued 4eYy} IO}dTIOSap eB ed
NOTLONNA

CS!79) 9€~ Tw oa
(TOOdTO)4FSTIDSOTTW = 3STIO
SISdONAS

3ST[O eB SZTTeTIIUT pue azeoOTTe —— 4STIDOOCTIV
GWYN

4STIOOOTTW

20

°*SOITI9Z
TIe OF paezt[eT#IUT eq TTTM Atouwu SyL :aWa'1O @WaW

-(AemAue Ysrztzy ATouwu

IS¥d WOITZ azPeooTTe TTT weysds ay

3tnejep Aq) Azrououl LSv¥d esn pTnoys suo

uoyy ‘skeTep esey} ydaooe Youued suUO JI

“SUOT}TpUOS UTeVIeD Tepun Arouwsu dtyo

JO 3NO payooT yob 0} AOssad01d ey AOF
atTqtssod st 3] ‘Axoueu dtTyo-uou st sTuL :LSvd JWaW

‘oJe ‘/sZajyjnq ostp mer ‘syooTq otpne

‘paqqtiq ere ey sbutyy /Azouru

usados sapn[ouTt WWd ‘“e3nqt1#3e STYR

uzTM Arousu ut eq ysnu WWd dtTyo—uo

asn TTT 3eyQ butyzAuy “Azz TNoITO Whd

,sqes dtyo [Tetoeds ey Aq aeTqeyorer
aie Aroueuw Jo syed uteyzeo AlUO >dIHD AWW

"eqZep pue spoo yxOq sepnypouTt sTuL

i AYOWHW OLNI GayNOOT YO OIITENd YHHLId dd

LSAW SYSWL USHLO AG YO/ANV SLdNYUuaLNI

WIA GHONSYEAaY SI LVHL AYOWHW TTY

“aTQesseippe—uou aepeul SssTMIeYyAO IO
‘poddems ‘poeddeu aq jou ysnu ATOuU >O1TGNd AWAN

(suoT}#tutjep Iq TOF syon74S WI ees)
(xn[TJ UT T[T3#S) -— sqUusUerTNber
“UOTREOOTTS Ten}oe OYA AOJ |zts Yoo TW
Jabie—T 7xeu oyy oF dn pepunor st AJequmu sTUL
sazhiq UT YOOTC peitsep xy} JO ezts ayy — aztsazkq
SLOAdNI

-ysonboer ArOuPU ey TOF woor pue saynqtz73e peysenber sy YyyTM
punoj st ouo [tT3un saoeds Aroueul [Te AT} [TTA wepoo Tw

*yooTq Azourpul Te[TNotT_zIzed Aue AoOjJ
squoueitnber == (saynqtz33e ¥ sjUuouerTtTnNber) WeuQ ST a[nI sul
"peSTT ,SqQueuertTnber,, ayy uo peseq poazeooTTe st Atop

-sueisdAs

poddeu Atoursul yATM aeTqtzeduiodD vq 0} Spssu ey} Spoo

USpecetg ‘SqYyoOTTW weysks 10jy Aressaoeu st ATouwul JO uoTIeoOTTe aZadoid aul

OSTW dds

‘apoo ue sks pezeys 07 SeTqTSsaooe Io ‘sdtTyo ayy OF

‘otued [[TtM ueysds ayy ‘ydnzLIOO ST 4ST[ sezj ayy JI aTqtsseooe eerie Atouwoul e& UT opeul eq pTNOYS UOT eROOTTe 9Yyy

SNOLLdSOXA reyjeum burAjytoeds jo sueou e saptaoid 3I ‘suotjeottdde

pue apoo ueyshs Aq pesn aq 0} AOReDOTTe ATouSU syy ST STUL
; *AtTouru dtyo aertnbez jou seop NOLLONNA

zeyW eamNQonI73s weysks ,oTTqnd, e — (DIT&Nd AWAW’SZ)WENOOCTTY z

Atouwpu dtyo azeatid — (dIHD GWAW’ TZE )WeWOOTTW (0ax3 JQ 6 LK Te -0-Ta oda od

SATANYXT (squeuwertnber ‘/aztsezAq)weppoTTw = yooTqAtousu
SISdONAS

‘Olez umnjet ‘/(pTTeauTt st

Aioupu pe ysenber Jo jyunoure ayy jt Io) Aysenber ay SquoURPITNber uteyIeo UeATH ArOuPpU a}eOOTTe —- UWSWoOoTTW

Ajst jes 03 ybnous abire{ suother serjy ou ore areyy jI aNWN

“YOOTC seTJ poezeooTTe ey Oo} Tayutod e — yooTqATOuPU
Linsau MeWOLTY

21

‘Xaytequeuey. Tequouwey jonzr4s

:Q0uUeASUT IOJ “TIAN OF AazZUTOd STYR SZTTeTATUT
‘()TequeUeYoOTTY OF TTeO ASAT} eu sTOJog
‘aanjoni4s Taqureusey e OF TaeqUTOd e jo sseippe sy = AeyJequeupy

SLNdNI

“soTqeTiea sheTq pue aztS ay} AOFJ asn prnoys noA sanTea sy} pue
T[Teo ()wWeWooT[w ey} jo uotydtzosep e AOJ xtpuedde sty vas

‘sTayjnq Azourwul 1noA pue sapou ay} YAOq eeTjJ 0}

qoaTe ueo nok to ‘/jTesanoA Toy ATOuRPu paj}eooT,[e sy [Te deayx
pue sopou yUuTT eu ysnC sdTJ 0} SSOOYD URS NOA /d0eS [TIM

noA sy ‘uoTAdtrOsaep uoTAOUNJ ()Tequeveyooty oy} peel oseeltd

‘Aayrequewey INnoA yRIM ()Tequeuseyeory [Teo

ST Op 03 aeaey NOA [Te ‘/pazeooTTe useq sey yey} AZOuru Aue dn
aeTjy 09 ‘ueyL ~*AeyTequeuey ANOA Aq Of paquTod 4sTT Taeqsew
ayy OUT peYUTT ST 3T pue ‘/uoT}eooTTe Arowew ANOA Hutqtiosep
ejep YUIM UT PeT[TJ St einjonIWs AoqueuSey ey, “em qjonz4s
Joqueousy e jo Adod e AOJ AsyRZO ay pue jueM NOA ArOuPU

au} AOJ suo ‘/suOTReODOTTe ATOUSU OM} Soop ATTen}oe SUT NOT
ou /()TequeuweyooTtw [Teo noA AsaasueyM) * Aeytequeuey ayy
peTTeo ST STYUL “TIAN OF ToeqzUTOd ZeyR HutztTerztTuT pue
ainjoni4s TJaequeusey ey} OF TaqjutTod e st jeyQ aTqetzea e Hut jeaizo
Aq 3STT Teysew uoT}eooTTe oyu TOJ ,AOYyOue,, Sy o7zeeTD NOX

-()Zaqueueyeety 0} [Teo eTduts e YRTM ZvoUO We dn
TTIW 3T sexy ued nod /HutyAtxe st werbord aznodA usym ‘uayl
‘auTyNOT STYyR Hutsn werbord aiatjua ANOA uT suoT}eDOTTe
2uy Jo TTe op Aew nod ‘assed [eXToueh sAoOUW ay} UT ‘/OSTY O
“pa zeooTTe
sem AOUSU SY STSYM IO ‘/aTaM SUOTReOOTTe ayy JO soezTsS
ou} QeuM ‘ouop ApeertTe aaey Nod suotyzeosoTTe Aueul Moy Jo
yorz} daay o3 pertnbez buteq ynoyuAtm ‘ATtsea Artouwu zeyy
dn aaj 03 NOA SMOTTeS eANpsosorid sTyUL ‘payzeoo,T,Te Apeeizte
aaeyu Aew nok Azrouewu Aue dn hutserTJ saaToaut ATIoerTTOCO
dtys butuopueqy ‘eanpsocoid oy} 4Ioqe of pesu nod
‘Kxrousul JO YORT AOJ STTey suotzeooTTe ay} jo suo Aue jI
‘(ammpeooid ()MoputmMuedo uoTAINQUI ay} se Yyons) eAmnpeosocid
e UT SUOT}eDOTTe JO Sates HucT e Hbutop ere noA yeyR Aes oO
:sosn Arewtid om} sey aUuTRNOT STUL

*pazeootTtTe earey noA Arzourwuw

ayy JO STTeJep ey} Tequewer oj pertnber buteq ynoyytm AzouPpu
pezyeooTTe [Te aszeooTTeaep OF ouUTA JoaRzeT e We ()TaequeuPyYyeely
auTyNOT UOTRINAUI 3YyR [Teo ATduts ueo noA yey OS ‘4STT
Jayseul e OFUT UOTReESOTTe ay} Jo SiTajowered oy} SYUTT OSTe

3t ‘nok z1OJ uotjZouns ()wWeWooT TW oexg ey} STTeO sUuT NOT STUL

UNI) %E- Td od Ow

NOILONNA

(sbeTq ‘azts ‘Adytoquouly ) TequeveyooT {ty & Od
SISdONAS

apou YUTT e& o}eeTO pue ()WeWOOTTY TTeo -— JequeueyooTly

IaqueuleyoorT Tw

Ta\seyserty
OSTW dds

‘sqtq ut AerTTe oy} JO SuOTSUSUITp uMUITXeU ore A‘X
SLNdNI

‘g0eds Jo junoue 3eYR ayeOOTTe OF eTqeuN JT OQ surNjeY
‘[njsseoons JT plOmM ASITJ ay} OF JoeqUTOd e surNjoY
‘ybty sztq yybTey pue apTta

S1Tq YRpTM oueTdqtq e Toy aoeds ATouR—U a}ROOTTe OF

SoUTINOI UOTReOOTTe ATOUBU ey} STTeO UOTJOUNT STUL
NOILONNA

(Ya) 364 - I ate
( qubtey ‘y3ptTm )reyseyootty 290
SISGONAS

aueTd Id & AOJ voeds azedOTTeR —— To SeYooT LY
GWYN

IASCYOOT LW

22

TeubTtseeld
OSIW FHS

"T- suinjerT uoTjounj} sty ‘aTqeTTeae ote sTeubTs ou jI
-{TE°°O} pezeooT[Te Tequmu Iq Teubts ey — umnTeubts

SLTNSAY
‘Q0UezZejermd ou ACJ
T- zo {T€°*°Q JO} Aequmu [Teubts pertsep ey} — umNtTeubts
SLAdNI
“apoo but [puey
uoTqide0xe WOLF peeTJ IO pezeooTTe eq you Aeu sTeubts
ONINYWM
"yse
Hutuunz ATAuerIMS ayA Aq pesn eq ATuO ued UOT IOUNJ STYL
*pouinjzet st [- e (aTqetTteae
aie sTeubISs seTjJ ou 10) osn ut Apearzte st Teubts ay JI
*(pereatTo) pezttetyztut ATredoad
aq TITTM 3Tq peqzeocoT{Te ATMeu ey} YIM pezetToosse [eubTts oyL
‘paqzeooTTe oq Aew 4Iq sary yxXOU SYR AO /ATq Te[NoT}Ied e
zauytg ‘Tood syse} WUerTIMd ay} worTy 3Iq TeubTs e a zedoOCTTY
NOILONNA
(0 INT )96E-
} £¢ od 0d
(uMNTeUDTS) TeuBTSOOTTWY = wmnTeubts
SISdONAS
3Iq TeubtTs e ajeooTTe —-— TeubTSsooTTy
AHWWN
TeubTsooT tw

‘uoTQOUNJ ()WeWOOCTTY oe8xgd SUL

*() Taqueupyoelt J
OSTW dds
*Q9UON
sond
‘peqinzstpun eq [Tts ‘Aue jT
‘Kayzoqueuey Aq 0} pezUuTod YsTT ey} pue TIAN SUaNjer suTynot
Stu} ‘/STTe} uoT}eoOTTe ey} JI ‘“eTqetzea Kayrequeusy mod Aq
0} pequtTod 4sTT ey} OFUT pexXUTT eq TTI# Yoo mo 0} epou
aun ‘os—Tw ‘yooTq AToUSU poqsenberz znok jo sseippe 2a3Aq ay
suinjet autTynorI sty} ‘/[nJsseoons st uoT}eooTTe Arouru 2y JI
LTASAY

‘s[TTeqZep IOZ xtTpuedde styy

au} UT UOTIOUNF ()WEWOOTTY 8X” SY} OF Aofet eseeld
‘uoTWeoOoTTe AZOuU syy 10F suoT}eOTJTOeds ay = sbeTd

‘S[TTejJoep OJ

xTpuedde sty} ut uoT}oOUNF ()UeWOOTTW 9X Sy} OF Jojos
aseetTd ‘UoOT}eOOTTe ATOURU ey} JO sojzAq UT OZTS dU} = 22TS

(qnuL /‘AdytTequrouwey? ) TeqUeubpYysee1 J
(aIHD AWN ‘aziIsdnd ‘/Aeyrequoueys ) TequeuPeyYooT Ty
‘TT0N = Adyroqueuey

23

A

sond
qoafqogmeer1g ‘Arqugesery ‘ATWUGOOTTW
OSTW dds
SNOT Lddoxd
(aTqetTteae st Azousu Jt) Woefqodm eyyA — yelqo
SLINSAY
SLNdNI

-youesqyIomM ey 03 sebueyo yorz4
ued 3eU} SZasn [eUTe\UT Toy ATUO papusezUT ST SUTINOT STUL

‘pournjer ST TIAN e ‘peuTe}zqo aq Youueo Arourui FI

*ATouroul sZt JO [Te se1j
Tit qoelqodmMeeza 0} [TRO Puenbesqns YW “3STT ee1F SzT

SOZT[TRTIIUT pue yoeflqo youaqyiom e sezeooTTe auT NOT STUL
NOI LONNA

Wor) g)- 0

()q0eCqogMOCTIW = ego
SISdONAS

qzoefqo youeqyrom eB azeooTTe - qoalqogMooT Tw
aAWWN

30eLQOEMOOT TW

delpeceiy
OSTW dds

‘T- sumnjer uotjzouUNJ sty} ‘eTqeTTeae

erie sdez3 ou Jr ‘*{STt°°o JO} pezeooTTe zequnu deiq ouq — umndez

‘g0UeTejorId ou AOJ

T- ao {GT°°O JO} Zequmu der} poertsep sy; — umnde2z 4
SLAdNI

‘apoo bHbutTpuey

uoT}daoxa WOT} peeTJ IO pazeooTTe eq you Aeu sTeubts
ONINYYM

"ysez
butuunz ATjUaTAIno ey} Aq pesn oq ATuO ued UOTIOUNJ STUL

‘poumnjerz st [- e (aTqeTTear
aie sdei3z sary ou ZO) asn ut Apearzte st dex}, oy} JI

"pazeootTe oq Aeul Tequmu seirj

}xeu |yuj IO ‘TequmuU JeTNOTWed e AeyATA ‘“suoTZonN7ASUT
adk3 dWUL 00089 2U} UTM pazetoosse asoy} ere siequnu dex}
aseyL ‘Tood s,yse} WUeTIMO ey woIy Tequmu dei} e |zeddOTTW

NOT LONNA
Qa D24HE~ od oa
(umndez})derpoo[ty = umnder3
SISdONAS
rojzoen dexr} Aossacoid e azeooT{Te —— derLooTtw
aWWN
de1LoOOT tlw

A - 24

HuTUAON
OSTW ddS

UMOUY SUON
sond

buTUION
LInsaY

ainjoniys Og sey ey 0} AajUTOd = 7IOdY
qouruy peey ey} oF} sjuTod yey} eTqeTrea oy} JO ssemppe = Adx
SLNdNI

STy} [Te uo peseq seqeuTpi100o x/A s,aqTids S,a0uenbes eyy ses -—
pettddns st euo JT euTynor [etoads s,}usucduicd sTYyy SsTTeo —
QUO MOU su} OF} SaeYyoITMS /3yNO SoaUITR soUEeNbes sTYy JT -
qoutuy ey} Jo qusucduiod yore AoF —
pettddns st oauo Jt autynor Tetoeds s,qoutuy ayy sTTeo -
SOTPIOOTAA pue UOT}eOOT ST Sazepdn —-
:4STT ay} UT qoutuy ATeAD 10g

(we) ZII- Te 08

(qrogy /Aey)azeUTUY
SISdONAS

4STT uoT}euTUe JUaZINO oY UT qoulTuy AlIaae sesseo0id -- oe jeuTtuy
GWYN

azeuTuy

sond
aimjzonijs aTbuezey oF} TaqutTod = aTbuejoer
aanjoni4s uotTbey 03 JajutTod = uoTber
SLAdNI
‘uoTbel UT B[TNSeT ayy aARPaT ‘aTbuejZooerT sayy jo
SPpTIsyNo sjstxe 37eYR UOTHeIT ey} Jo uoTzIOd Aue Aeme dtto
uoT OUNT
(Vay )‘OS- ree
(aT bueqoe7 ‘ uo Tbe ) uoTHbayzOeYpuW
SISdONAS
uoTbhar UT 4[NSeT huTaeeT ‘/uoTbhaer YyyITmA
aTbuejoer Jo uotzertedo GNW PZ WIOjed —— uoTboyjoOeypuY
GWYN
uoTbeyooupuY

A - 25

meiqeoiy ‘aaoweety /eaerTy}IUL
OSTW ddS

4STT 10}0eA UT RJaeT eoeds OU JT T-
IOIIa ou JT 0
SNYALAY

amyoni4s AyIogysey e 03 SquTod dz

SLAdNI
"yseul [[Tyeore
ue Hutjereuebh ueum seyduyjtul Aq dn yos Tayser sy
sosn ‘SaoWReTY 4XOU \9UQ OJ SezTTetTy#TUtTer ‘a zeTduco
ST TITJ oy} ZeqIjJy ‘“seueTd AoYseT ayy OUT TTTE
peitnber sazezoueb pue Jajyjnq 109A ay SEessed0Id
‘uoT}etedo HuITTT} ey} srebbTtzL
NOILONNA
(7D )497 ~ wv
(dz)pugeoery = 1o1Ie
SISdONAS
Tltyeere aeonpoid pue s10jOeA Jo aTqe}z sseooid —— pugeery
aWWN

puyqeety

puqeoty ‘eorTWITUl ‘aAoWweoty
OSTW duds

YSTT 1IORJOSA UT AJeT soeds ou JT T[-
Ioize ou JT Q
SNYN LAY
ommjoni4s Wog}sey e OF SqUTOd dz

Jaysel oy} UT ZuTOd e Jo sazeutTpI0COD are A’x

SLNdNI
‘Iajjnq 10}09A ay OF WUTOd pPpW
NOIDLONNA
(ve ) RSC - Ta od IW
(A ‘’x ‘da )meiqeerzy (jut) = 1z0177e
SISdONAS
‘[[tj-eeze ATOZ squtod pua jo ASTT e OF 3UTOd e& ppe —— MeIqeerYy
AWWN
MeIqdesly

A - 26

PETTTF eq OF aIMQONIAAS 199W9KEL EUW - 1394V7%O8}
po }oRr13xo
are saynqt1z7#4e 3X98} Sy YOTYM wWoTy Wogysey oy} - Wod}ser
SLNdNI

“ZIOg}SeI oy} UT UOJ YUETIMO |YyW Jo saeynqT1733e
SU} UTM sInjonTAS seynqT1z77e 4xXe} ayy STTTF uoTtyounF STUL

q in NOT LONNA
y hd ’) = OW OW TW
qtisotyuderb /(133v3x%e} ‘Pod }seI)UOTYSW
SISdONAS

UOJ WUaITIMD ayy Jo seyNnqT1z33e 7xe3 3A Web —— AUOTYSW
GWYN

quosy{sw

pugqeoty ‘meiqeory ‘eozy}TUl
OSTW dds

YST[T IOQOSA UT BJeT aoeds ou JT [-
IoiIIa ou jT O
SNYNLAY

ommjoniz4s WOd}sey e OF SQUTOd dz
qoayser syy ut suotytsod are A’x
S.LAdNI

“uobATod snotaeid. asoTo 03 ()meiqeery Tey jouer
JO uoT}eXTSBUeH ayy UT 4[NSseT Aew uohATod e buTtsoToD
-Iayjnq 10}OaA UT sqUTOd ATesssoeu srequq °“(A’xX) We

uobAjTod 1eyjoue szre}s pue uobATod 4seT ayy SeSOTOD
NOILLONNA

Tq od [TW

(YD )2S7- (K ‘x ‘dz )aaoweazy = Bae

3STT 10}08A oy UT odeys
mou eB IOJ WZUTOd HuTATeAS MoU eB SUTJap —— saoWeoe1ry
GWYN

DAOWeorY

A - 27

‘poumnjert st gqsTwd ‘pe yoeTes
sem jobpeb ysiwd eu} JI ~“peurznjzer St ANUL ‘pe VoeTes sem
qobpeb gnu, ey} JI ‘resn oy Aq pejzoaTes sem ‘squoumbie

}XOLEATPEHON pue 7xXaLeaAT}ISOg eyQ Aq peTtjtoeds se

‘sqebpeb omy ay} JO auo Rey SUeSU YOTYUM ‘/dNLESdWS sseToO Jo
ST obessoul qWOdI 24} 3eY4R ST ART[TqQtssod reyjo ATUO eYL O

“aSTWA surmnjet

auTyNor sty ’(Aue pet{ddns sary nok jt) sjuoumbie
sbeTqeatzeban AnNoA Jo auo sayojeul sse[o aehessoul ey JI oO

“ANUL SuIN}ZeT sUuTyNOI

styq ‘(Aue pottddns aaey nod Jt) sjueumbire sbeTqeatz1sod
ano Jo auo sayo jew ey sse[oO e Jo st abessoul sy} JI O

:SjUuoweTTNber aar1y} Jo suo Ajstzes T[TM

abessoul styj /31OqiIesn ay} UO abessoaul qWOdI ue IOJ sytem

way ()qysenbeyoyny ‘suotT}eotytoeds amoA 0} butpIoOo.o.e
pezttetytut sbhe{y pue s}10d qWOdI S}T pey saey T[TA MOpUTM 3eYA
‘peuinjzeil ST 1a}UTOd MOpUTM PTTeA e JT ‘puey Tey,O 3Yy UO

‘ATaVeltpouwt pournjze2z

oq [ITM SenTea JOOd aeseyz pue ‘/peaqsuT (srequTod

ainjzonzy4Ss ptTea you) ASTWAI JO ANUL UANJeT [TTM AT ‘mMOpUuTM e OF
Ie juTod e uinjezT jOU seop eAnpsedord ()qsenbeysAspTing ey; JI

‘aiay pe zeotTtdnp

aq JOU pesuU ey UOTAdTADSep popuTM—HbuocT 4ynq Aue ZLOduT ue

ST 3IJ ‘ouTyNOI SsTYyR HbutT{TTeo ueysm ATddns 03 po joaedxe are nok
zeyQ 3xXaL_TNQUL eyy Jo uoTAdTADSAep e TOJZ ()3senbeysAspttng oF
Tajal oseatd ‘sbeTJ dWOdI ey} pue AajUTOd MoputTM aMoA YT
HbuotTe ‘ainpsesoid ()3senbeysAsptting ey3 03 ATjOeATp pessed
aie senteaA 3UHTeH pue YAPTM OYA puUe sqQUeUMHIAe RxXeLINAUL SUL

‘squeumbire

SHeTAeaAT}eEHEN IO SheTJeaTIIsoOd ey TeyAte AoJ she J

ou Aj toeds 03 asooyo Aeul NOR “dNLAYSGWS Sse[O dWOdI ey} pue
‘sheT deat zebon ‘sbheTgqeatytsog anok Hbuthrsu Aq uotzeotytoeds
bel[ddWOdI ue sozeezD WI ueyL “jUueuMbTe MOpUTM Vy Jo
SON[TRA dNOdI ey} JO 3o3e4S OYQ SeATeSeId YSATJ emMpscooid STULL

‘qSTWda summjet eimpsoo1id

Stuy ‘aaTzebeu st esuodsez eu} JI “aNUL summer ampsoo1d
STu} ‘aATRTSOd st ssuodser ay} JI ‘3senber anoA Ajstjes

03 weysks oy} IO Tasn ay worJ asuodser e TOF sytem us
pue noA roy Taysenber e spTtng ATTeotTzewojNe asimpsooid sTuL

(2 Nv NOTLONNA
DD34S~
) 3 g €d cd td od
(QUBTSH ‘UAPTM ‘SbeTJeatzeben ‘sbeTqeaTtzTsod
eW cW TW OW
44XOLOATIEDON /3xXOLeATRISOg ‘}xaLApog ‘moputm) Jsenbeyo ny
SISdONAS
Jaysenbsez e
woiIj asucdsaz yeb pue pTtng ATTeotTAewojyne -- ysenboeyoqny
AWWN

ysonbeyo yny

"Jas OSTe aIe peuUTJep jou are yey} Ssqtq aTAWsS
‘pejzeroueb ATTeotuyztszobTe eTA4s ey} UT Ss}Tq ssoy} - eTqeue
SLTASdY

po orr4xe o1e
aTAIS pue WUOJ oyy YOTYM WOT POdyseYy eyR - JOdzser
SLOdNI

aTAISIJoszes TOF yseul eTqeue oy} UT eS OF PTTeA

aie eu S}Tq ey ore oSsoYyL ‘pezeToeueb ATTeotTunyTAzo0bTe

are And JTeszt UOJ oy UT OTSUTIRZUT JOU ere 3eYR

qUuojJ QUaTIMS ay} JO Ss3Tq aTAWS esoYy} SUAN}eT UOT JOUNJ STUL
NOLLONNA

om, OW TW
(V9 ) h% qrysotyderb ‘(310g4Sel )aTAASFJosSysW = sTqeuse
SISdONAS

quoj yuazIno ey3 Jo s}tq aTAZs Ajos By} Web —— aeTAISzJosysV
aWWN

aTAISFJOSYASW

A - 28

‘-saqAgjnq jUueTOTJjJnsut

JO asnedeq peuInjer jou aTeM SjUSUeTA sANnjonIrAs

snuL ‘pettddns esoy} 07 UOTITppe UT SqJUCATTeAW TOF
pepeeu sazfq Jo requmu o3Yy} SejeOTPUT STUY ‘OTEZ—uOCU JT -— OIA

“Ttej
Kewl 431 Jo ()quogystquedo ue sny} ‘ARITPTTeA TOF peyooyo
useq jou sey eTTF yUOJ HutATAepun sy} -—- SeTTJ szUuejZUOD

quoy e ut ArjZUSe Ue Se SISTXS YT eYR Sa zeoOTpUT Taezjnq
ou} UT UOJ YSTp e JO aoUaRSTXe ey, “edAj Aq ATuO
Bbutreyjtp ‘ySstp uo pue Azoueul uT y}Oq punofF sjuoj Aoj
SOTI4uUe ajeoT{Tdnp eq [TTA eTeyL ‘S}usUleTS sqJUOATTeaAY
ayy Aq PeMOTTOJ ASpedeHs}UoCATTeay 3ONTAS YRIM PETIT] — Ieyjnq
SLTNSAY

“petytoeds aq ued y}O_ ‘eANzZONTAS SYA TIT} 0} SquojJ

IOJ YXSTp ayy yorTess Of JOS ST YSIC ddw ‘eaznjonz3s 93yA
TITy 03 SqUOoy ATOZ ArOu!SU yoOTees OF Joes ST AYOWEW ddw — sedAR
Iayjng eyj ut saqfq Jo rzequmu oeyy - sezAgjnq

* soureu
AItey} pue sjUuojZ aTqe{Teae ey} OJ satijUe suTeqUOD
yoTtym ‘/squeueTe squogtTtTeay jo Aezze ue Aq peMoTTo}
TopeaysquoTTTeay 3ONT4S YIM PeT[TJ eq 03 Aroupu — Taeyjnq
SLAdNI

‘sottddns ()squog{Tteaw uoT}zeurojyuT ay} Jo Wed ST

STTeo uado eyy Aq pertnber eanjonizyAs 134W7xXeL eYL *}ZUOJUedO
RTA passaooe ore ATowou ut Apeerzte ssoyy /()juO_ystquedoO eta
pousdo pue AtOUSU OUT pepeoT eq Oj} peosu YSTp uo sTqe{[Teae
SjUuOJ esouL ‘“ASTp uo TO/pue ATOuSUl UT aTqeTTeae sjUoj

out [Te yNoqe uOoT}eWIOJUT SUTeQUOD Jey ‘MOTEq peqTiosep
‘9amnjoONnrAAS SYA YIM Tejgjnq pettddns aJesn e ST[TJ sqUOA[TeAY

NOITLLONNe
CAST. E)KR- ta od ow

‘(sadAq} ‘saqAgjng ‘Zeyjnq)squoyq[teay = 1019
SISdONAS

ystp uo / AXouwsul uT squoj [Te Jo Aerze ue pling -— squogITTeay
GWYN

SJUOIT TRAY

-()qsenbeysAspt tng
OSTW gas

“QUON
sond

‘poumnjert buteq senTea esey} Jo TayATe OF peeT 3ybtw
3ey} sjuaAe JO UTeYO ay} Jo UOoTAdTIOSAEp ajeTduoo e TOF aaocqe
4x93 8U} BES ‘ASTWI TO nL TyRZTS sT onTea uznjzer syL

LTINSAd
‘Jaqsenbserz
3uj jo butTrepuer ey} 10J pertnber sazts ayy = FUHTAH ‘UAPTM
-qWOdI ou} Toy sbheTjJ = sbe[qeaT eben

‘dWOdI ey} Toy sheTjJ = sbeTAeaTRzTSod
‘ganjoONnITAS YXoeL_TNAUI ue OF Zojutod = 7xoLeaT eben
-9mn}oONTAWS FXOLTNAUI ue oF Jaqutod = 7xaLeaTt}Tsod
‘ommjonijs 4FxXoLIN,UlI ue OF Iayzutod = 7xeLApog
*9INnjONIAWS MOPUTM eS OF iaqutod = MOpUuTM

SLAdNI

-Kiourul pozeooTTe Ayo
Aue pue Taysenber ay} dn ueeTo oF ‘Kzessaoou jt
/()qsonboeyshseeigq sT[eo euTyNor Sty ‘peT Fes sey ySNp sy USUM

A - 29

()aqepdqpug y°szaheT
OSTW dds

-XreiqtyT reXkeT ayy Aq opeu soebueyo

qsutebe peyooT st raheT ay, “}uewUcCTTAUe ATerqTT WOU eu
SajeTNUTS aUuTyNOI sTYyL “YbnorTyZ MeIper 0} Ioume1rbo1d

IoJ ut sdems pue ASTT WOSeUdTTID 03 ASTT ebeurep szreauop

NOILONNA
JakeT e OF AaQuTOd = fT
SLAdNI
oe
( [ )eqepdqutbeg
SISdONAS

aoke, pebewep ateder 03 eredaeid —-- azepdpnutbeg
4AWWN

azepdnutbeg

pututTeuet soeds sary [e}O} - 92TS
LTNSAY

UBWOOTTW UT peTytToeds se yseul s}zuoUeItTNberz e - Sjuouweitnber
SLAdNI

*sqjueurer Tnbez

uTe}IEe0 UeATH ATouwoul JO azTs ay} suIN joer uoT}OUNF STUL
NOT LONNA

(02% 9 )9)2 - ta od

(squouertTnboel )weW[TeAW = 9eZTs

SISdONAS
SjuowertTnber utezTeo uaaATb eTqetTtTeae Atoupul —— WeWTTeay
aWWN
WOWT TRAW

A - 30

y* SrtakeT
OSTW ddS
sond
(Aroueul Jo yno ATqeqoid) [n}ssaoonsun uot zeredo JT aS1TWA
[njssaoons uotyzeitedo jt FANUL
SNYN LAY
-szoke[T reyjO [Te puTYyseq pue TeAeT doxrpyoeq doj
au} JO QUOT UT 4T Sqnd ‘Zeke{T dorpyoerq e LON ST TeAeT STyR JI
‘szaKe{T doipyoeq reyjO [Te
putyeq 41 sqnd ‘raheT dorpyoeq e e st TekeT styy JI
‘paTeaaez oq Aeu ZeyQ sTeAeT esoyj JO shel ut #Iq sjes
pue S3ST[T obeurep Atay} sqOSeT[OO ‘/HSaYdAaU ete sTeAeT ASyRO FI
‘szaAeT rey,O yytma AeTdstp ey} Jo 3no pue UT
s}1tq Hbutddems ‘sxeyjo [Te putyeq reAeT sTYyR SoAOW
NOILONNA
Iake{t e 03 Ta \UToOd = T
aimjoni4s oyuyraeAeJ OF AaqZutTod = TT
SLOAdNI
Te oF
( [ ‘TT )reheTputyueg
SISdONAS
‘szakeT reyjO putyeq zeAeT 3nd -- sreAeyputyed
aNWN

ieXkeTputyeg

*()ysazjoupug
OSTW das

- 9UON
sond

* QUON
LINSAd

“butyserjerI speeu yey} emnqgonzySs MOpUuTM eY} OF Ia jUutToOd = MOPUTM
SLNdNI

“9UOp eq T[TM butmerp Ou JT UuseAe ‘aes

pepssu_yserjerl oy} TeaeToO 03 ()Yserjeypug pue

()yserjeyuTbeg [Teo pTnoys 4t ‘/butyserjet spesu MOpUuTM oY 7eUy
PTO} ST werboid ay} AeaoueYyM “sOTASpP STOSUOD 94 ybnory
MOGNIMHSSYAIY SSWIOSI sseTO Jo JueAe AnduT ue IO dWOdI 9u}
ubnory3 MOGNIMHSHYdgy SSeTO jo ebessoul e TeyjTo buTaTeoet

kq 6utyseijezr speou mMoputm oy} zeyR SUTeeT werboId rNoZ

"Tensn se MOpPUTM 9} OF

6utmeip yyIM pesoord Aeu werbord ey} ueyL “MopuTM oy} pue
aakeT ay} Jo aqeqs oy} qesaer 03 ()Yserjoypug [Teo pTnoys 4T
‘Ketdstp oy} Jo yserjer st peutojied sey weirbord amok 1975V

‘queTOTJjo—souewuzojzied ATeA ST STUL ‘“SeaTe poeTeeAer

A[mau au 03 saob yotum yeu} oq T[TM soeTd ayxeq

ATTenjoe [TT 3eyW butmerzp ATuo ay} zeyR YyoNs pebuezzre eq [TT
moputM amnod soat[Zepun 7eyA AeAeT |y} ‘Hutmerzp ayy jo Aue
butop aitojeq ()yserjoyutbeg sTTeo werboid AnoA JI -KeTdstp
SII YySeTjJer 0} AT Hbutyse abessoul e aaTadeI [[TM we1bo1d amo&
/yuoIJ eu} 02 3T SbuTIq Aasn |syQ pue paTeecuco ATTeT Ved

ST }eU} MOPUTM HSaYdaY AIdWIS e eaey noA JT ‘aouejsuT 10g

‘“Tenueu sty} jo

siaydeyo uTeul ay} 03 Jeyor ‘Arerqty{ raXkeT ayy pue seTbuejoe1r
butddt{o Ynoqe uoT}eUIOJUT eTOUl JOY ‘“seTbuejoerT peTesouo0o
pue STQTSTA OUT MOpuTM ANOA JO UOTSTATP EY OF STefort
,seTbueqoer dtTo,, wie} eyuL ‘“peysetjor oq OF} pesu 3eUA
suotber ayy ut ATUO Anodo;O Of (()YyseTjoupug [Teo no& [tT un)
moputma anoX ut pewroyied butmerp Aue soesneo jeyy uoTYsSeZ e
UT peztTuebioer are AekeT ay} jo ,seTbuejooer dTTO, ey ‘areUuL
-krerqtyT TakeT auj OF TTeO e TOF Moputm ANoA butATZepun
qekeT ayy dn sjzes uey} pue sazejs TeUTERUT UOTRTNAUT Sjes 4I
‘HuTyserjer peztutqydo 1oJ moputTM aANOA dn sjoes SuTANoOT STUL

NOI LONNA
OW
(MOpuTM) ySerjyoyutbog
SISdONAS
Hutysertjer peztutqydo 1oj moputTM e dn yes -- yserjayutbog
GWYN
yserjeyutbeg

31

OSTW dds
sond
petTtey 4tTq Ft — dsTvd
peqetduos AT[Tnjssaeoons ATTq jt — anu
SNaNLAY
4TTQ stTyy TOF osn OF wrequUTWU = - WrejUTU
SMOT UT 4TTq Jo WYubTEY — Kezts
STextd ut YTTq JO YAPT” — xezTts
jrodjser ysep ojUT joesjjo A — xA3sep
qiodjsei ySsep OUT YeSjjo x — X sop
jiodjsei uotzeuT#sSep 3sy} OF AejuTOd e — dia sep
deuntq eoimmos ojut jesyjo A -— Aoms
deunjtq aoinos oOj7UT Jesjjo x — xois
deujtq eoinos ay} OF} Jaqjutod e — wqois
SLNdNI

‘uTajuTu butsn
qriodjser uoT}eUTASep UT peTFToeds uot }Tsod 03 deuntq eommos wor} SITTa

NOILONNA
9P SP ¢P €P cP Te TP OP OP
(wa UTU’ RaZTS ‘ XezTS/7y4Sep’/ xX sep’ dz4sap/ Ao1s/xXoIS ‘uqoIS) x
qiod}seudew3 ta4 1d
SISdONAS

jiodjser uotjeutjysep 03 deugtq aoIMos worjy FITq -—- Hog seyudenjtdi 1a
GWYN

Wodyseudepy Tara

‘popssu sem QT uaymM yYdulay, e azeOOTTe OF SAINTTejJ e

0} peynqtr33e eq UeD peajzoaedxe ueYy. SSeT ST ey JUNOD sUeTd ¥

*poqtoder Io paqseay ere (spunoq dep;atd ey eptsyno aTbuejoer e

‘-6-a) suoTytTpuco szoizia ou :A[puetzjJ eq Oj poumsse ST 4Tq STUL
SNOT LdgdoOxd

“IITq eu UT paaToauT ATTenN}oe seueTd Jo Tequmu ayy - seuetd
SLTNSdAY

“3ITQ ay} ACJ soINOS YZ JO SUTT eB PTOY 03 Atoueu eTqtssadoe_-dtyo ybnoue

0} squtTod 4t ‘ozaz—uoUu st Yduey pue ’(de[TrTaao sasseippe sUuTT UueoOS
ayy /°a°T) 4yubTT TO AJeT ey oj ATAoOexe sdeTxreao Adoo aeyA JI — wdweL
“FFXO OF
yes st stuy /ATTeotdA], ‘uotzezedo 9yy ut ajzedtotqzred of are (jUNOCD
ouetTd umututul ey} uey} Tejeaerbh you Jt) souetd butpuodser10dD |eyy
@}eOTPUT ROS SQTq ‘uOoT}ZeATedO styy 0 ATdde 03 YSeul a4TIM oy - YASeW
“SUOTJeUTqUOS ITaYyVO TOF TenueW soueTSjoy sTempzeyH ebtTuy 2Yy} ves —
UOT}EUTASep ey} SPISAUT pue |sodIMNOS 93Yy} SeTOUHT OSOS —
Adood ay} e1OJaq sdANOCS 9Yy SPISAUT COEDS
Adoo e[TTtuea e ST QDOS —-
‘aTbuejoer ay} TOJ uoT}eUTASep aeyW ST d ’D pue sTbhuejoer
@oImos oyu} st q ‘(aTbuejoer oy} UTUATM ‘a‘T) OFezZ—uUOoU
ST WY ueyuM aTbuejoez ayy OF ATdde 03 UOTROUNJ OTHOT syA — wWrsjUTW
(LOLZE°°O ST
JesjjO S,pIOM JayserT TeUTJ Fey YONS EZOT°*T 7A /9L6°°T *X) ST
ehuel PITeA ~“peaoul oq OF aTHuejooerT ay JO 9ozts ayy — ASZTS ‘KXezZTS
"OIg AOJ se ST ohuedl PTTeA ‘aeTbuejosrT ay} AOJ uoTReuTASep ey
JO ZTauIOS AZjJaeT Aeddn 9y} Jo sajeutp10059 A pue x 9yy — AASeqd ’X}Sed
(@ZTS-L9LZE) °° 0 FOSJJO S,PIOM JoIserT 9yz 7eUA
yons ZebajzUuTt peubts aeatytsod st obuer pt[TeaA ‘oaTbue_oarT soinos
eu} Jo TeuTOS AjJeT reddn ay Jo sajzeutpxr005D A pue x ay — AAS ’KXoOAS
TeoTIUSepPT oq ueo dewytdysed pue dewatgois —
"O1ezZ—UOCU ST YSeU 2TIM SSOUM pue jUNOD suUReTd uMUITUTU SY UeYA
SSOeT pue [eOTJUepT ere siequmu sueTd ssoym asoyy ATUO
aie UOT}eUTISEep sy} OF BsdIMOS |aYy} WOITJZ patdoos seuetd ey -—
soTbuejoer 3yy bututejuoo (s)dewatq eu — dewqtaqsedq ‘dew itdo1zs
SLNdNI

“TVASeT YJUsrAVJFJTp e UO oq UeDO YOTYM ‘eaze ZayAoue OF Aayser e
ut eore suo Wor aTbue joer 2 BAOU OF SATTQ sATRONIASSp—uoU SULTOJ1ed

NOILONNA
ZW La 9d cd 7d Ed dal
‘(yduel ‘yseW ‘wieq,UTW ‘AEeZTS ‘XezTS ‘xARSed ‘xX}Sed
TW Ta od Ow od
‘dewitaysed ‘x01Ss ‘xoxrs ‘dewatgors)dewitdaita = seuetd
SISdONAS
qeyser e UT aThuejoez e saow —— depwitai ia
aWWN
dewitd3id

32

OSTW dds
SN LAY

Oe x TeYUOD IOJ MOYTagsezAgG Jo AJequmu jude 7Aq

Wogzsey UT uoThaer Ae[TNHue,erT Jo yYyHhTA AaMOT 0F syzUuTOd Axeul’ xxeul
Wogjsey ut uotber rze[TnHuejxoer jo yet reddn T[A‘Tx

pepesu JI yseu [euoTsuaUTp Z OF sjuTod ce

qIog}sey OF sqUTOd Te

SLNdNI
‘peubTTe pom eq ysnu ynq peysTysS
qou st obeut ayy *(Axew’/xxew) (TA’TX) eTbuejoer uotzTsod ze ‘oe
Aq 03 pequtod yseu /asut{Tyno/uraz3ed T[Tyeere/spoumerip Hutsn TTA
NOILONNd
vp €P cP TP OP oe ‘Te
(quoazhq ‘Axeu /xxeu /TA ‘TX ‘4 TeYO’s WOU }Sey)urS}edI TA
SISdONAS
ysew e ybnory3 4TTq
‘T[tjeere OJ satnz Hbutmexrp paepuejs butsn -—- utoejj}ed71d
aWWN

uze}34edI4Td

OSTW dds
"UMOUY SUON
sond
“SOIazZ 03 Wes st AroueU JO YOoT suL
LTNSAY

-ATOuNU ou [Te TeeTO 03 pesn oq Aeu

TaITTQ ayy Jo sunzr aTdtyA[nu epou junoosse7Aq pxrepuejS uy]
"8ZT=> eq ysnu MOoITTEdsezAq

pue #¥Z0T=> eq ySnu sMoI ‘apoul MoITedsazAq/smo1r

au} UI *‘}USepUuedep—oezTemprey yeyMsulos ST UOT}OUNF STUL

*SMOI JO Joequmnu
se uaye} S3Tq 9[ aeddn pue mor rad
sezhq Jo requnu se ueyxe} ST SITQ 9T MOT
as[oa
‘IPaTO 03 saqZdq Jo Tequmu uUeAZ
ueuy Oo == (Zz 3 sbeTy) JT qunos9a7Aq
MOIIedsazyhq/mor avsn OF [T 41Tq eS
‘“9UOp ST
3TTQ [t#UN AyTem OF UOTJOUNF soTOF OF O FTA 3S sbeTj
usAe oq YSNU YOOTAUPU
pereaTo eq 03 Aroupul [eoOT OF AaeRUTOd YoOTqupu

SLNdNI
*"SOIaZ O} YOOTC 7eYUW
SIeeTO pue AUNOD pue UOTReOOT Hut IeYs |YyW sqdeooe pueUMIOD STUL
‘ZaVATTC eu /Teaou ejep AueToTJyJe soul s,weysAs oyW aesn OR
ST suoT}eooT Arouweul Jo ahuer e TeaTo 03 Aem UaTOTJJa sow SUL
‘aTqtssaooe 13a}4}TTq pue TeooT st zeyQ ATourwu Io¥

NOTLONNA

TP OP Te
( sheTzZ ‘QunooazAq /YooTquEUl )TeeTDITA

SISdONAS
‘O1az 03 Sspz0m Azoupul Jo yOoTq e AeaTO —— TeeTDITA
SWWN

zeaTo}1d

A - 33

SaeTJtToeds yoTumM ‘TION 03 WES oq Ue AaqjUTOd STyYL “eoTOYoO

STU} JOSeTES [TTTM u0}3Nq asnow AJeT |ey} yey HbuTAjytoeds

4x8} TeucTAIppe yytmM Aeldstp AAaTe syA Jo AsuTOD AyeT ASMOT
2Yyy UT PeTepuar aq [TTM 3X93 STU ‘pesn ST WwSTUeYOSU
()qzeTwAeTdstd ey} pue peuedo aq jouued Iaqsenbezr ay JI “aN
0} 38S PTeaTJ GIzebHpey ay} saey [TTT Webpeb styq /reqysoenber

2yu} JO JET ASMOT 3YyQ UT Yobpeb e UT paTaepueT aq [[TM 3X93
STyuj ‘poeuedo AT[nNjJsseoons st Jaysenber ay} JI ,,*poob,, 10

w/ AT}, DNL uw SOX JO goToyO Aosn oY} YIM poe ze toosse
quem noA 3ey 3X9} JY SeqTAOSSp jJUSUMbHAe FXaLeATATSOd SUL

*‘Ioqysenber mou

au} Jo aTqetzea yxapbey ay} uT pezojS eq T[TM IaquTod
}XOLINIUI STUL ‘“Taqysenber ay} UT SUOT}eDOT snoTzreA UT peoetd
eq Aeul 3X9} 9YR pue /1TAaY}EHO} 2xeqz JO SSUTT [TeTeAes YUTT

Kew no ‘/ejep 3xe_tnqzul yt Tensn sy ‘reqsenbezr sy jo
ainzeu oy} eqTAOsSep Oo} pesn eq pTNoys jUoUMbHIe YxeLApog UL

‘am yonIAS }X@aLTNJUI eyy Jo saeoueysUT OF SAaejUTOd are
Kou, ‘Aeldstp ey} yoNTAAsSuoo OF pesn ore squoumbie 3X9} SUL

“TTQN JO WUeUMhH7e

moputm e ATddns jou ptnoys nod ‘/Moputa zeTnNotzIed e OF
punog eq 03 aeUT ANCA sTYyy Aq pazeetTD raqsenber eyR Quem NoA
JI ‘UuseTDS YyouseqyromM sy} UT NOA TOF pajzeadd oq [T[TM MOPUTM
mou e /TTONN 03 Tenbe st ATddns nod AZuowumbrAe MOpUTM eA FI

*“ATaatqoedsar ‘/GnyL IO aSTWA peumnjez () yTeTyAeTdsta
Jayzeys uo butpuedep gqSTWdI JO ANUL AYUATS uUIN_eT [TT

usu. pue einpeooid ()qzIeTwWAeTdstq eyj OF [Teo e ATOZ Hhutz4s
3x90} eB WONTAZSUCD 03 SjZUSUMHIe 3xe} BUA BSN TTTM sinpecso1d
STyu} ‘Taysenber ay WoNTASUOCD 03 eTqTssod jou ST T FI

-Xrourul pezeooTTe Aue

aeIJ pue Iaeqysenber au} eacuUeI 0} sINpedord ()ysenbseysAseeild
2u4 T[eO pl[nous werbord mo ‘/petystjes st rtaysenbe1

ay} Tew ‘“(soueJSUT TOJ ‘CHLYESNIMSIG se yons) uotzIN jul
Xq peotjou aq OF WUeAe Tey RO soUlOS Hutsned IO sjebpeb ayy

JO auo Hut{oeTes Aeu,Te epntouT Aew yotym /reysonber anoA
03 osuodser s,iesn ayy 4a ,ep 07 szIOd |ssoyW uo ()4TeM UDsYy
Keul werbord aul, ‘jueumbie sbheTAdqWOdI ey} UT punojJ she TJ
oY} JOSTJeT OF pezTTertzTUT WOdMoputmM pue 7WAOdtTeSN dWOdI
2yy SAeY T[TTM MOPUTM 3eUL ‘“Ssreedde Zaqysonber ayy YoOTYA

UT MOPUTM 94} OF TaqUTOd e suInjer aInpeoord sTyy
‘peyoNnT}sSuOD ST Teysenbser sy} pue [Tem seob [Te JI ‘uOoT}eWTOFUT
pettddns ayy uo peseq taysenber e spttng eanpeocoid sTuL

NOIDONNA
cd Td od
(QUBTOH ‘U3PTM ‘sbeTadWodl
CV cw TW OV
‘AxaLeaTzeEben /3xXeLeaT}ISsog ‘}xaLApog ‘Moputm)ysoenboeysAspT tng
SISdONAS
Jaysenber we3sks e AeTdstp pue pTtInq -—-— ysenboeysAspTtng
AWN

qsonbeysAspt tng

*ATepunoq 3ey OF pezeRoUNTy
ST 31 ‘Arepunog 7IOgG}sey By} SpTsyno sT{ej a3eTduez oy} JI
SNOT Lddoxd

“UOTRZeUTASSP 944

de[Tiaao 0} OU peuMsse sT ajeTdue} sy, ‘uot IISOd peTjtToeds
auj 3e opou HuTMeip pue TOTOO JueTIMd sy} UT W1Od4seY

au} OUT o3eTdue} oy UT ebeuT ey} SsMeXIp UCT JOUNJ STUL

NOITLONNA
¢d yd €d cd
qtisotyde1b 1 ‘(xaezts ‘XezTs ‘A}Ssep ‘xX Sep
TW Td Od OW
‘j10dq3seYuySep ‘powors ‘xXo1s ‘Q0INos )e7eTdueLi fd
SISdONAS

qIog}sey auj 03 aTbHuejoer e UT adeys e yNd aTyooD -—- azeTdUeLITE
GWYN

o7eTdueL31d

34

()ysenbeyoqny ‘()3TeM
‘()dWOdIAJtpow ‘()q20eTWAeTdstq ’()3senbeyshkseer4
OSTW dds

“qeTe ay} JO SIeUIOD ASMOT oy UT
petepuer jou ore 4xaLeAT eben pue 4xXaLeaATIISOg 3yR /peTTeo
St ()qaeTwAeTdstd JT ‘OSTW ‘MOPUTM 3eYR UTYAIM Tazsoenbez
oyj susdo usy} pue mMOpuTM e suado ATjUeTIMSD aANpssoid sTyL
sond

“u0qR3Nnq esnow ZUbTA ey pesseid Xsasn s3yA

Jt ASTWd pue uojzjNq asnou ZJeT ey pesseid Aesn sy JT ANUL
yoeq ssed [[1tm pue buturnjer sztojeq () yreTyAeTdstqd peTTeo

Saeyu [T[TM euTyNnoI STYy ‘’MOPUTM oy UT UMeIP eq yOUUPD
Jaysonber ayy ‘/Taaemoy ‘JI ‘“UMeTp Sem Jeyzsenber ayy YyoTtyuM UT
MOPUTM 3Y} OF AejzUTOd eB ST ainpecoid styq Aq peurnjer enTea
au} ‘MOpUuTM e UT uMeIp AT[N}sseoons sem ZTajsenber oy} ji

LTNSAY

-qoysenber ano meip 03 pertnber azts ey} = FYUDTeH ‘YIPTM
‘Jaysonbet sty
Hurutejzuoo MOpuTM ey} JO dWOCI ey JO UuOoTzeZTTeTRITUT
ou} ZOJ pesn quem nok she[J dWOdI ey} = sbheTadWod!
-9mn}0nI4S 3X@aLINJUI ue OF AaQuTod = 4xXaLeAT}ebeNn
‘oanjoni4s 3XeLINJUL ue 03 TeqjuTOd = }xXaLeaT}TIsod
-ginqoni4s 4XaLIN}UI ue OF AeqUTOd = xa LApog
-9mnjONnI4S MOPUTM PB OF Aaq\UTOd = MOpUTM

SLNdNI

“auTINOT STYUR OB

[Teo ayy eToOjeq payxooejord ere SUT NOT sy OF pessed mMopuTtm

au} Jo sheTadWOdI pue sqtod sy} 3eYy} Sans eyeU OF ATT tqtsuodsar
anok st 31 ‘AqtTtqt}zedwoo pxremdn oeinsse OL ‘“osUuT INO

SsTy} 03 TTeO e Aq peqin4sTp eq TTT sziod pue sbeTjJ dWodl

au} 2eU} eq TITA stu} Jo uoTReoTTdutT Areutid eyL “eTqtTssod

Jq ‘ouTynor sty} OF JUSUMbIe ue se pettddns moputm ayy UT
pouedo eq T[TM Jeqysenber ey} /ebueyo TTT STYyF UOTFTNAUI jo
ajepdn HbuTwooy,IOJ e YIM ‘TSAeMOH = *MOpPUTM ammo bututej,uoo
aUO ou} Sse UdeTOS cures ay} UT peuedo ST MOpUTM Mou ke

‘ginpecoid sty} jo eseeTer AzeutwtTeid ey} JOY +ALON LNWLYOdNI

"SeZTS ANOA Of WIOyUOCD

0} peqzeertd aq [T[TM sqebpeb ayL ‘1Teysenber anoA jo qYUbTSH

pue U3PTM ey UTYFIM YTJF ysnu yxepApog INCA Jo TTW

-JaysonbeI oy} JO azTs ey} aqTToOsep senTea ZYHTeH pue UIPTM eUuL

“OTTF (FT uotTzTnNAuT 20)

Yy'UuOTFINAUT [TeROOT ANOA UT eseyy puTF ued NOR “Nad LNOYOLAY
pue qOqdaddOLOLNY ‘SOCaLIFTOLAY ‘SCOWMVYGOLNY epnTouT
SUCT}TUTJop esoyy, ‘“sqebpeb oy} Jo uoTJoONArAsSuUOD BY 1OjJ
uoT}InjuI Aq pesn suoTRTUTJep TeToeds ey} asn OF JUSTUSAUOD
qt puty Aeu nok ‘sjzabpebh ammo& 1A0F 4X9} eyR HutTuTjep useym

LOATHSATSSOL ©

LASTWSOdN =O

ATIYGATAY ©

LaSIWDTOOd =O

:Soinjeay HUTMOTTOJ ayy saey

auTynor styy Aq pezereto sjzohpeb SAT}ebseu pue eat 4Tsod syL

‘Jaysenber sty} Teoues 07 AZasn ey} TOF Aem e oq shemTe

qysnul ereuL “TIAN 03 3eS eq JZOUuUeD TejJUTOd STYL ~“eoTOYO
STU} WOSTES TTTM uoz4Nq asnoul FYHTI eyZ 7eYR butAj toads

3X90} TeuoTjtppe uqtma AeTdstp WoeTe ey} jo Tseuroo UBT TSMOT
ou} UT peTepuez eq [TTTM }xeq} STYy} ‘pesn sT wsTuPYdosU
()aaeTwAeTdsta ey} pue peuado oq jouued Joysonber au JI ‘aSIWd
03 38S PTET} aIzebpeo ay} eaey TTT yoebpeb styy ‘Tayzsenbez
au} JO WUHTI TemoT ay} uT yoebpeb e UT poTepuet oq [TT

4x03 sTyy ‘peuedo AT[INJsseoons st Teysenber ey} JI ped, 10
»/Teoueo, 4 /ASTWHn ‘ON, JO SOTOYO Tosn 9Yy} YIM pe eToosse
juem nok ey} 3X98} 3YUR SEeqTIosep jueumbre }XBLOATIEHSN SUL

‘opeu oq ued 7eYU VoOTOYO ANYL ou st otloyW 7eY4A

39

apou 3dnizequt pezttTetytut ATtedoid e 0} AejuTod - 3dniiaqut
SLNdNI

“POMOTTL JOU ere ebhuedr 7£4+/ZE-

ay} @ePTSYNO seT}TIOTIq ‘pezeouNT} o1e soenTea ssoy} UsEMjeEq
UT SEeTRTIOTIg “ZE+ pue ‘OT+ ‘0 ‘9T- ‘ZE- + poqueuPTdut

are satqytiotid ydnazejut eremzjos ¢ ATuo ATAUeTIND

‘yse} qUuezZIMo oy} jduseid [TIM ydnzreqUT ereMzjos
ayy ‘(9 TaaAeT rossacc0id pure) apoul Tesn wolf peT[eo st
YI JI ‘anooo 03 AdniZeqUT eTeMzjos e sasneo uoT}JOUNS STUL

NOILONNA
TW
(3dniiejut )asned
SISdONAS
qdnizazuTtT aeremMzjos e asned —— asned
GWYN

asne)

Sond

OSTW agS
nv TO68LISPEZTOSBLOGPEZTO JO Adoo, yEBLIGVETTOEBLISHETTOEBLISHETTOn
,0oF JO [ Adoo,, ,0O}F JO CQ Adoo,,
,oco}f Adoo jo Kdoo,, ,00} Adoo,,
,00F JO COZ Adoo,, nOOF JO 661 Adoo,,
,0oZ JO ¢€ Adoo,, ,00J JO Z Adoo,,
,oof JO Z Adoo,, ,00J Jo Adoo,,
OOF sO Kdoo,, nOOF y
JnNqsMou ouUeUuUpTO
ATANWX9
SNOLLdaOXa

jnqmou 03 ZajuTOd e — }[NSeT
SLTNSAY

oureu [TeUTHTIO sy — sueUpTO
-(HuOT sreqoereyo TE SesT 7e aq
4snu 3T) aureu ayy eATadeT T[TM Fey Teyjnq Mou eyy — Jnqmou
SLNdNI

‘(szaqoereyo o¢ ATRUSeTIND)

OZTS oureu SOd wMUITXeul SY OF SUreU MOU SYA 9}eOUNTA [TTA
auUTFNOI syL ‘satdoo jo satdoo y4yTM [Rep OF MOY SMOUX 71
,oureu jo Adoo, e O3UT 4T SUTIN} pue oureU eB Sexe uoTS TAoydung

NOT LONNA
TW OW od
( oweuptTo ‘Jnqmou )uotTsTasydumg = }[Nsez
SISdONAS
Kdoo puooss e IOJ oureu e Yeullojol —— uoTs TAdydung
AHWWN
uOTS TAdydung

A - 36

aytidseaow aytadsebueyo eytidsee14 y‘aqtads

OS'IW dus

‘a3TIds peLTequmu—ppo

ayy Jo [T]TqOSOd uT 41q CGSIHOWLLW ALIYdS eyz yes ued Toumerbord ayy
‘aqtadsabueyD ’a4TidszeD Jew ‘aqtTids peyorzqe eTbuts e aTpuey
0} seqytaids om} ajeooT[e Aew Zouwrerboid eyL ‘aytidsebueyD but{ Teo
Woddd ebeureytaids mou ayy jo yYyhTEYy ey JOSTJeT OF Jos oq YSU
amyjoni3s aytidsetdurs ey jo pretyqns Ayubtey ey, “Atouru dqIHO UT
aq jsnu abeuteaztids ey, °[(Z]peatesez aztTeTqtuT ysnui Aoummerbord

{
/* ALAAXO’dIATTXO ¥/
/~ OF POZTTETITUT x/ ‘[@]peazesezr qyomn
/» obeut oytids Tenqoe x/ ‘[z][aubteyj]ezyep qdyomn

/xoutyoeu o4tids etduts Aq pesn x/ /[Z]T3OsSOd ars(@urel
}

abeutaytrds yonr4s

sond

SLINSAY

:ULIOJ HUTMOTTOJ ayR Jo ermnjon7As ejep OF JaqUTOd = ezepmou
ainjoniy4s e4tidseTduts oj raquTOd = Ss
MOTA JO do} Al[UO aAT}eTET JT QO AO
"OF SATRIETOI
ST aqytaids sTyy 3eUQ erN}QONITAS YOdMETA OF ASqJUTOd = da
SLAdNI
ejepmau 3e Hutjze4Ss e}ep ay Vsn OF} pebueyo sT oebeur o3tads oyL
NOLLONN
ce Te oF
(eqepmou ‘’s ‘da )aqtadsebueyo
SISdONAS
‘Iaqutod abeurr aytids ay} ebueyo —— a4tTaidsebueyo
SWYN

a4 TadsebueyD

!()LIWMO
‘() GAOWO
‘()LINIO
OSTW dds
UMOUY SUON
sond
‘uOoT}ONAASUT FxXEU eYyW OF
tajutod [eooT eyy dumq o3 (2)dumgod sTTeo uey
pue 3ST[ tTeddod raesn ey} jo pue ey TOF 4TeM
03 (9)4TeMOD STTeO ey} OTORU e ATTeN}Oe ST STUL
SLINSAY
amyoni3s 4ystITdoon 0} TajUutod = °
SLOAdNI
‘4ST[T teddop rasn azeuTUe} OF UOTIONAASUT SPPW
NOTLONNA
( 3 )CNaO
SISdONAS
"4YsT[T reddop resn azeuTUIDe} -- CNHO
SWWN
CNdO

A - 37

sond

"u azoubT pue

suotqoniysut teddop ydaooe 03 AYSTT ey} eZTTeTITuter qsnC

usu (0 =i ©) JI ‘suotTjJonz4suT TeddoDd u pToy oF

Iajyjnq e pue emnjonz4s ysT TLeddoD sjReodOTTe (9 ==0 ) jI

(u/o)4TuLystTzreddogn sTTeo Fey OTOeU e AjTTenyqoe st styy
SLINSAY

ploy 3snu Jeyjnq suocTyonaAYsuT jo Jequnu = U

aimmyoniz4s ystIdoopn 0} TequTOd = oO
SLAdGNI

sIajjnq/seimmyoniys ejzep 4STT Teddop SOZTTeTITUT/SazeooTTe
NOT LONNA

( u ‘ o )LINIOx 4st IteddoD 3onz4s
SISdONAS

suoTjonij4sut rTeddop izesn

a}eTpeutezutT ydeooe 03 YsSTT AeddoD XJesn eztTetytuT -—- LINIO

GWYN

LINIO

"YOoTd ysenbeyoI au} 0} sjutod od
aSTMI9uWIO ‘sseiboaid uT [[T9S ST O/I FT TInu — 3[Nse1r
SLINSdAY

yOoTq ysenber O/I ue 0} TeqzUTOd — ysenbeyot
SLNdNI

“azoTduoos OF OT ue oj
butytem ‘doo, Asnq 03 pesn eq LON GINOHS UOTZOUNT STUL

“SAOUSY YIM poultojied aq
pTnoys stuL ‘Wood ATdexr ay} wory y4senbeyo] peumnyet
SU} SAO OU TTTM OLYxoeyD ‘/pezetduoco sey O/I ey} FI

‘uSsTuRYyoou UCT eTduloco
O/I eu, JO STeureqUT 939YyW sepTy ATeATIJoseJJe uUoT}oOUNF STUL

‘paqeTduioo jeX Jou sey O/I eu JT ASIWd suamnjer pue ysonber

O/I ue Jo a3e3S JUaTINO 9sYyQ SoUTUIe}ep UOT JOUNF STUL

NOILDLONNA
TW 0d
(3senbeyoTt OLYyooyD = F[Nser
SISdONAS

snjeqs jsenber OJ ey} 3b -- OIYAoeyo
SWWN

OTAOSeYO

GO
ws
<

‘uogbg ouy OF /Z ST epoWMedd oyy JT ‘10
‘O1eZ OF UWemMS ayy JO AOTOO ayy HuT}#jes Jo systsuoo bhutreeTD

"pare pereaTo ATMeu sTuy
uo A[T[TOUM eTT pTnom uot3tsod sty} 3e 3ndyzno 7xeq 3eUW YoNns
‘gutTaseq 3xa3 0uy Aq peysn(pe st yQems oy jo butuot tsod

TeoOTWIaA |yA pue ‘UOJ 3x8} QUeTIND sayy Jo 7eYyW Wor
ueye} ST Y}eMS |YR JO WYHSTey eyL “Woda ser ey} Jo abpe yyhTs4
ayy OF UOCTISOd yUeTIMS sy} WOT YQems TeTNbuejoer e sTesTO

NOTLONNA
OW TW
qtisotyderb /(310g4se1) TOETeeTO
SISdONAS
SUTT JO puae OF UOCTRTSOd JUezZAIND UOTJ AeaTO —— TORLeeTO
GWYN

TOUtLe9TO

‘()asenbay
-()qsenbeyNdyes
OSTW gas

“UON
sond

“ASTWd surmnjer pue Jaqutod sy} abueyo jou
ssop uoT}oOUNS sty} ‘asn ut ATRUeTINS sem ysonbeyNd eu} JI

“ANU

suInjetl pue MOpUTM 9Yy} UT ZejUTOd ysenbeyWd eyy Ano ssorEZ

uoT}OUNJ sTyW ‘/esn ut ATjUETIMO Jou sem ysenbeyWd ey JI
LINSdY

“palea[o oq 03 ST ysenbeynd
aU} YOTYM WOT MOPUTM & JO aImjonzAS ayy OF Te qUTOd = MOPUTM
SLAdNI

*TajsonbeyWd Meu eu yaTM ()3senbeyNd}es [Teo ueo

nok ueyy /qnwL Jo enTea e summer 4T [t}uUnN ()qsenbeyNqreeToO
Hut{tTeo Aq st 37e4s 03 AemM QOeTIOD ayW /() IsenbeyNdyes
peTTeo butaey Tezye Taysenboynd ey} ebhueyo oO} Quem nod

JI ‘(zesn ayy Aq osn ut) aaTt}Oe ST 4T JT Teqsenbeynd euyy
AeaTO JOU TTTM eUTRINOT STYUL ‘pueUBpP UO Ja\senbez jeyW dn
butiq ueyy ued Zesn sy /u0j 4Nq NuUSU ey} JO YOT[O-eTQqnop eyy
0} yorq je nof zey Teysenber [Tetooeds oy} st Jeqsenboynd eUuL
‘MOPUTM PeTjToeds ay} wory TaqysenbeyNd ey TeaTo 03 s3yduez4V

NOIDLONN el
OW
(MOpUTM) JSeNnbeYyWdrtesTO
SISdONAS
MOPUTM ayy Jo ysenbeyWd ey TeeTo -- ysenbeywqreeTo
aWWN
q3senbeyndreeTo

A - 39

*()Te_UTOG}eS
OSTW dus

*UON
sond

"9UON
LINSdd

“UOTIIUTJOp Te}UTOd s}T JO pateeyo
aq O} MOPUTM 9YyQ JO sINQONIAS 9|Yy OF AaqUTOd = MOpUTM
SLOAdNI

‘ATO zeTpouMT

aoetTd aye} [[TTM abueyo oy} ‘/peT[Teo st ouTynozr STYy} UsYyM
SATIOR ST MOpUTM ANOA JI ‘Tasn ayy 03 pede[dstp 1ajutTod
2yu} eq TTT TaqUuTod uoTRInNQUI B[Nejep syy eATIOe ST MOPUTM
STYy} owt AToAD ‘paeTTeo st ()TeqQuTOgTeseTD TAIV *JazUuTOd
UOTRINAIUL SY JO UOCTRTUTJep UMO SAT JO MOPUTM 94 STedSTD

NOILONNA
OW
(MOPUTM) TeQUTOgIeSTO
SISdONAS
MOPUTM © WOTJ UOCTRITUTJep AazUTOd ayy AeaTO -—-— AaeqUTOgTeeTO
AWWN

Ta zUTOqre9VTO

*()dtaysnuapyes
OSTW dus

- 9UON
sond

* UON
LInNSdd

‘91Nn}ONI4S MOPUTM eB OF TejUTOd = MOpUTM
SLOAdNI

‘MOPUTM OY} WOT dt1As nusw ayy sreeTtoO

NOI LONNA
OW
(moputm)dtiz4snuepreael[o
SISdONAS
MOPUTM 94} wWorjy dTz4s nusu ey} TeaTo -- dtarzysnuepj1ee[oD
AWN
dtiqysnuapwizee[o

40

‘uagbg ouj OF ‘Z ST apowmMeid ouy jt ‘10
‘O19Z OF 4ZeMS JY JO AOTOO 9uW HhuTQAes Jo systsuoo hutTrTee[D

*ZIOg}ser sy
JO W040 ey} OF YWeEMS oYA YQeoUaq ASNC WOTJ USseTDS 3YyR JO
4SoI 9Uu} SIeaeTO ueYyy ‘/TOSTeeTD UATM 4TOG\Aser oA Jo abpe AYbTI
ou} OF UOTRTSOd WUaTINS |YyR WOIF YVeMS Te[TNbuejooel e SIPeTO

NOILONNA
OW TW
qtiIsotudeirb / (310dq}Se1) useTDSIeST[D
SISdONAS
AZIod}seYy JO pus OF UOTRTSOd jUaTIMD WoOTJ Aes[O —— UsEeTDSITeeTD
SWYN

UssTOSLePZTOD

sond
aimjonijs uotbey 03 Jejutod = uotbaz

SLAdNTI

‘Hutyjou ButaeaT ‘/uotbexz ey} ut soaTbuejoer [Te Aeme dIT[D
uot zoUNT

oe

(uothez ) uotTbayree{oO
SISdONAS

Q eZzTS 03 UOTHher sTYyR Jes —- UOoTbeyreETD
aWWN
uoTbeyteeTD

41

STpuey STtJ e 0} TeqUTOd Tadd - ETTI
SLNdNTI

‘olaymesTea peuedo satTpuey eTTJ pe}yTTeyUT asoTo you pTnoys nod ‘/Taasmoy
-weiboid e ut uado nod saTty ay TTe ATFTOTTdxe esoToO 0} AequeuUreI

qysnu noxz ‘uedo 0} [Teo e JO }[NSseT e se eTpueYy eTT}F sty uTeIGoO NoOZ
"aSOTO pTNoys esOTD Feu STTF ey sezeoTpuT ,eTTF, sTpuey e[TF ouL

NOIZLONNed
Td
( aTT} )esoToO
SISdONAS
yndjno Io yndUT AOJ aTT}J ke BSOTO —-— SSOTO
AWWN

aSOTD

‘()dewataita
OSTW gas

OUON

Sond

SUON
LTASAY

YWIod7#sey 4FSed 9Yy4 OF soob DOS pue 3TOd4SeY OAS
ou} UJIM pezetToosse ST gous eTeym ‘uoT}JOUNF JezATTq UesTood eyy = wre UTM
ATTQ ayy JO WYUHSTSeYy sy = SZTSA
3TTQ ey FO YUFPTM SYR = OZTSK
Modg3sey uotT}euTAsep Ssyy OFUT FJoessjo 3yeTdoz ayy = AWsed ’xX4Sed
e3ep peqITTqd ay} SATeodeT 0} POd}seY Oy} OF TeqUTOd = 3seEq
eqzep ano& IO}J oS ORUT JoSsFjo 4yJeTdoR auQ = AOIS ‘xKXoIS
4TTq manok 1oJZ aoIMOS 9YyR Jo pIOGWSeY Sy OF Jayutod = 01s

SLNdNT
‘uoT}eueTdxe ybnoroyy e Toy ()dewitd}Ta ees

-Soseod [Te Jo oled sayez ouT Nor STUL *stakeq
aaey ueo /XTeyRTSU TO ‘YZOq ‘ZIOd sey 4Sed ey4 ‘yIogysey OTS 9UQ ASYRTH

-(()deyataita uey} Zeyjzer) suTynor sTyW [Teo ysnu no ‘MOpuTM UOCTIINAUI
amok jo 7IOd4sey oy} eTA punore ejZep JO SYooTC ITT OF butob axe nod JI

-ezaqa0 qo ‘szaXeq ‘sdeunt@ ey} uTequoo yeyy szIod}sey oy
0} saiequtod sertnber 3t{TadtTO ‘sdewatd oF siaqutod sertnbez ()dewjtditd
seazoum ‘og ‘nok 03 jueredsuez} (eq pTnoys pue) aie yoTYM jo TTe
‘Kxrerqty rekeT ayy Jo sqoaydt{oO pue sizeAeyT ayy JuNoDSDe OFUT Soxez
41 3eUW Ydeoxe /()dep;jtayTa se uoTzOUNJ sures oy} sulojied

NOILONNA

9p GP vp €p cP Te TP OP oF
/( wrequtW ‘eztsx ‘eztsx ‘xyseaq ‘/x}sed ‘ySsed ‘AOIS ‘XoOIS ‘o01S)3TTadTTO
SISdONAS
SMOPUTM 1IoJ HuTQUNoooe Jaqye ()dew4taytd STTed —- 3TTadtToO
AWN
4TTadt TO

—N
~~
<

‘q3uoquedo Aq peurnjzer se ‘/jUOJ VW
— 3uU0FJ
SLNAdNI

*saoiInoEessel
we sks oumsuoo jou op asn uT JebuoT ou ere ey s}UOF 7eUR
os ’}3u0juedo Aq peuedo ZUOJ e BSOTO OF pesn ST RI “asn UT

IabuoT ou st patytoeds Quoy ay} 3eYR Soa zeOTpUT UOTIOUNJ STUL

NOIDLONNA
OW TW
qtisotyudery / (UOJ) UOFeESOTD
SISdONAS
-quoy weqsks e OF AIejUTOd e aseeTer -— JUOJeSOTO
AWWN
}UOJeSOTO

30 TASquedo
OSTW ddS

aammyjoniys ysenbez O/I ue oF Ze jutod — ysenbayot
SLAdNI

‘peTokoer oq OF SeATJ MOU ST SAN ZONTAS ysonbei O/I

auL ‘“suoT}eTedo bhuTueaeTo—ssnoy uTe IED wrojied Aeul soTAep
sUL ‘“papntToucos useq sey peuedo ATsnotaeid 3tun/sotasp

e 03 SsaDDe WeyW weQsdks ey} suOjUT UOT JOUNF STUL

NOIDLONNA
TW
(ysenbeyYoT )soTAeqdesoToD
SISdONAS
SOTAep & OF SSadDe apnToUCD —— sdTASTeSOCTO
aWWN

DOTASMSSOTO

43

- ()us0zDSuedo

OSTW dds

*UON
sond

* 9UON
LINSdd

‘pazeooTTeep

pue pereeto aq 0} amnqjoNzWS UseTDS Sey} OF Zaqyutod = uaeir0s

S.LNdNI

-youeqyrom uedoez 03 syduiez 7e

uoT}OUNF STY} ‘/UseTDS 4SeT ey} ST STUY FI *Zayzebo urTe wey
SorToubt 3T /ROesJ UT /SMOpUTM peYyorRz ze Aue asotTo 03 AQ WoU
Sse0p pue uaeTOS ay 0} peyoe}ze smopuTmM Aue T[TIS ore oTey
Jou Io JeujeUM aTeo YoU ssop AI ‘“buTyAATeae sa}zeooTTeEep
pue ‘31OgMeTA ey} SYUTTUN ‘UeetOS sy} SYxUTTUN UOoT}OUNF STUL

NOT LONNa
OW
(uaarOS ) UsaTDS9SOTD
SISdONAS
uadetoSs UOTRJINAUI Ue aSOTO -—- UseTOSesSOTO
GWYN

Uuse8TOS29SOTD

Azeiqt quedo
OSTW dds

apou ArearqtyT e 0} AaquTod — AreiqTyT
SLNdNI

‘QSOTO STy} Tayye Arearqt{T ayy ut suTynor Aue Jo AreiqtyT ayy

aoUaIejeT JOU P[NoYs Iesn eyL ‘“pepntTouco uaeq sey ATeIqTT
UaATH By} OF SSedde Ze WeyASAS BY} SUTOJUT UOTIOUNT STUL

NOIDLONNA
TW
(AreiqttT)AreiqtTeso[tpD
SISdONAS
Areiqi{T e@ 0} ssaooe apntTouoo —— AreIqTTesoTo
GWYN
AITeIqTTSSOTD

A - 44

*QUON
OSTW dds

-UON
sond

*ezTeyA 4NO T[TTIAsS
ST UseTOS youeqyromM oyu pue HuoiMm juemM butyqdue Jt asiwa
"pasoTO ST ueezoOs yousqyroM ey} JT ANUL

LTINSHY

-3UON
SLAdNI

-A[Ta}eTpouwlT peurmnjer st qnuL ‘peTTeo
ST aUuTINOT STYyA UseYyM Uedo 4,UST UseTDS YOUSEqYIOM ey JI

‘gnuL summyjez pue /(AqTATJOe YSTp 1oRTUOW TTTIS TTT 37)

eaTzOeUT AT3sou werbord yousqyroM ey seyeul ‘UseTDS YOUSqyTOM

au} SasoTO ‘siejyjnq [Tetoeds [Te dn suvaTo WT ‘aestmMiyAO

‘OS JT gSIvd SuINjeT pue youeqyTomM ey UO sMOpUTM peuedo

Saey suoT}eoTTdde Aue jou TO ASsyAeUM sjSeq yt ‘uedo sT

youaqytom ayy JI ‘Yyoueqyzrom ey esoTo of syduez7e eUuTQNOT STUL
NOT LONNA

()YoUe_YTOMESOCTO TOO”
SISdONAS

useIDS YOUSGCYIOM VY} VSOTO —-— yousgyYLOMESOTO
GWYN

YyoOus_ YLOMSSOTO

()uaaztoseso[D /()Moputmuedo
OSTW dds

*UON
sond

-UON
LTINSAY

‘amnjoni4Ss MOpUuTM e OF TeqQUTOd & = MOPUTM
SLNdNI

“yselo
TIts weyshks oy} u0j4Nq NuUsUl ey, SeSseeTeT Jesn sy} se uCOS se
‘osed ou} oq 0} Suaddey STU JI ‘“pesOTO ST MOPUTM 93Y} USYM
poesn fHuteq ATWUeTINS aze moputm AMOoA Jo snuseu sy} TeyzOYM
yoayo jou seop ()MOpuTMeSOTD ~“mMopuTM arnoA butsoTo

arojyeq (()dtzysnueyreeTD OF [Teo e eTA) dTr4s nus ZeyA sAoUEI
O} arms aq yAsnu nok (()dtrz4Ssnuepyjes OF [Teo e PTA) MOPUTM

STY} OF diIz}s nuouw e peppe aaey nod JT -:uoTANeD

‘uotssTuuied mod toy HuTAtem ynoyyImM sebessoul szt

a}eoOCTTeRep pue wTe[oOerT O07} Se apni OS aq TTA UNA UT UOTRFINAUI
‘n20d qWDdI ey} 03 Sebessoul ay} Jo TTe 03 p,()ATdey Hbutaey
ASITJ YNOUATIM dWOdI ue sey ey} MOPUTM e UO ()MOPUTMASOTDO

03 ybnous epni Teaa ere noA Jt -:uoTyNeD

"003 ‘usezOS uweySAS dy SaeSOTO

‘mOpuTM oy} QnNoyATM AWdue oq pTNom 3eYyR eUO UB YSAS e ST
uaeTOS ST JT ‘pue ‘Azoupu szT soajeooT{Teun ‘us yshs oy} wory
3T syutT[TuN 3]J ‘“MOpUTM UOCTRIIN{U] Ue SsasoTO uoT }OUNF STUL

NOILONNA
OV
(MOPUTM ) MOPUTM2ESOTD
SISdONAS
MOPUTM UOTRINAUI ue SSOTO -— MOPUTMeESOTD
AWWN
MOPUTM28SOTD

45

A

‘der uotzepota abettatid e UT
A[NSeL [TTT apoul Jesn worjy uotjzounjy styQ wrojrted 03 due ze

Auy ‘A[uo apoul Tostazedns ut sajzetedo uotyzounsZ sSTUL
NOT Lddoxd

‘SeOTASpP oTemMprey

Tle yeser OF LASAY TOSssa00z7d yIesse [[TM UOT JOUNFZ STUL
‘poareseid oq TITM SUTURZON ‘peZTTeT}TUT-el aq [TTM ue zsAs
aIeMIJOS aITjUS ayA pue ‘peddoq4s aq [[TM SeTRTAT JOR wezsSAS
jUuaTIMS TIW ‘uo-TaeMod 3e sANdDO YOTYM 7eYR OF TeOT IUSpPT

aouenbes jJeser weysAs YIeYSpTOo e sesned uoTIOUNF STUL
NOILONNA

()3eSeyPTOOD
SISdONAS

anoo0o0 02 4WTeASpToo we\sds e osned —— joeSeyPTOD
aWWN

@SeUPTOD

Sond

*uUOTJONAASUT 3xXEeU SUQ OF

Zayutod [TeooT ayy dumq o3 (o)dumgod sTTeo ueYy pue

(a‘ex/d)SAOWD STTRO FeYUQ OTOeU e ATTen}Oe ST STUL
SLTNSAY

UdzFTIM Oq OF SNTeRA ATC JT = A

ZJaystber arempiziey = e

ainqzoniys ySstITdoopn 03 AaQUTOd = D
SLNdNI

"e ZaysTber aeTeMpzey OF A ONTeA SACU OF UOTRONAASUT SPPV
NOILONNA

( A ‘ @ ’ 3 )AAOWD
SISdONAS

"4sT{ teddop resn 0} UOT JONAZSUT eAOU TeddoD puedde —- AAOWD
aWWN
AAOWD

46

"IST[TO mou
ay} TOS aTqetTteae sem soeds ybnous jou ‘/aaTReboeu ST ASTIO JT

SNOILddoxd
“YSTTO [TeuTHTxIO sy se
SjUajUCD Sues dy} SUTeRUOD pue ‘/SUOTJOUNJ ASTT[O AOj
pesn oq ued eu ASTT[O e TOJ AORdTADSSap pAOMHUOCT e
-— 4ST To
SLTNSAY
“QSTT ZeqoOeTeYO
TeuTbt10 sy} obeueul 03 pesn AORdTAOSEp ASTTO oUuL
- 48STTo
SLNdNI

“[OodToO oures sy} UT UOTReXTEedO sTYA
Aq pezeerto /4ST[O Mou e oqUT ATeAT}ONAYSep—uoU ysTIO e Adog

NOILONNA
OW 0d
(3STT0)4SsTIDAdoD = 4STTO
SISdONAS

4ST[O mou Pe OF YSTTO e Adoo —— yAsTIDAdoD
AWWN

4sTIDAdog

‘ssoo0id uoT}euezeoUCD ay} Hbutinp uotzTpucs
Arousu-Jo—jno ue pey YSTTOISep sy YFTM pezetoosse Tood
AST[O aYyQ SoeqeOTpUT ‘oTez—uoU JT “PY epood Tote uy
= ToIL9
LINSaY

ҤSTT Te RZOeTeYO
uoTjeUuTASep 244 abeueul Of pasn AORdTIOSep ASTT[O OUuL
- 4STTO4SEp
“YST[T zZaeVoOeTeYoO
ao0mmos oy ebeueul OF pesn 1IoRZdTAOsSep ASTTO suL
— 4STTDO980INOS
SLAdNI

‘Aqdule st 4STITOe0IMOS

HuTATnser ayy /ySTIOeoINOS pue 4YSTTIOIsep TeuTbT10 ayy

JO uoT}eUazeOUCD ay} ST 4STIOWSep HbuTA[Nser eyL “STIOWS=EP
au} JO pua ay} OJUO YSTTDeDIMOS BY} JO SsjzUSzUOD BY ysNeYX”

NOLLONAA
TY OW 036
(ASTIOASEep ‘YSTTOSe0INOS)ASTTIDOVeoUCD = A0OITIAE
SISdONAS
SYSTT Ta {oeTeYyO OM} 97eU9zeOUOD —— FSTTOFeEOUND
WWN
4STTOZeOUOD

47

YU’ SIP@AeCT

OSTW dds

*sraheT

doipyoequou [Te putyueq 4I saoetd ‘reAeT dorpyoerq e jou

ST STUY JI ‘SsIeheT dozpyoeq reyjo butpntout ‘sreAeT TeyjOo
Tle putyeq 31 saoetd ‘reAeT dorzpyoeq e st AeAeT styy JI
-zaket Aetdstp ojut deuytqizedns jo sjusjuco satdoo pue
‘dew4tgiedns Teer oj AaQuTod se guq sesn ‘dew ytgzedns JI
sbe[T}J ut punojy oadAq jo zaAeT styy soyew

(TA’ Tx) <-(Q4/0X) OzTS pue uoTtytTsod Jo ZeAeyT mou e sazeaerD

NOIZLONNA

zakeT Jo zeurOD puey yUbTA AamMoT = [A‘TX
TaKeT Jo AeurOD puey AjJeT rzeddn =0A’ox
"sqes Iq se peyoddns szaeheT Jo sedAQ snotiea =sbeTj

dewjitd tednsg [euotjdo oj Jaqutod = zquq

szakeJT [Te Aq pesn dep;atgq uoumiod oF JajzUTOd = ug

eimyoni3s OjyuyAeAeT OF ASRZUTOC = TT
SLAdNI

[ ze] Pp €P cP TP OP Te OF

({guq’] sbe Ty’ TA’ Tx’ 0A/0x/uiq’ TT) zaAeTputysegezeaiyp

SISdONAS
*SI@APCT

HulAStxe [Te putTyeq TeAeT Meu e azeeITD —— Jeke TpuTYyegezee1D

AWN

rake Tputyagejee1D

dew tasouds

OSTW dds

‘IaTTeo ayy Aq payooy, eq Apesirte pTnoys TeAeT SUL
dewataizedns e sey zeyz TeAeT & OF Zoejutod e St y AAT

SLAdNI
‘-zoXkeqy dep;atarzedns e UTM YIOM OF SeTQe oq OF
quem op 3nq ser jonizqs YoeYUdTTD ey} YATM [Teep OF FURM
jou op 3eYy4 suUOT}OUNJ eSsOoYy} TOF pesn st STUL
‘spunoq zakeq 03 depqtqzedns worz sztq [Te setdop
-dewatasouds JO asTeaUT ayy ST STUL
NOL DLONNA
oe
( » rakeT )dewatasddoo
SISdONAS
deyw3tdqd itedns
JO sjUaq}U0O YQIM MopuTM Zeke] eztuotyouAS =~ dew tqshkdop
aWWN
dew jtasAdop

48

O1}xge22TEd

{
!( SIWNSIS YO WHW ON )3TXe
} ( TIAN == yooTaAu )FT
£( (GLAX9OI 20nT48s)jJoezts /‘yod )OIRX¥e}zeeTD = YyooTgAu

‘qz0d 310gbsp 3oOnr4sS
f‘yooTgAu ysenbeyor jyonrTWs

*(suotjzerzedo O/I pepue}zxXe TOF YooTW 3Zsonbey O/I AeaAtIp
ySTpyorz} e /°6°2) GLIXHOI IOJ aoeds sojzeooTTe eTdurexe STUL

OSTW dds

AIdNWXd
‘peTtey ysenbez oy
JT TINN 2O ’yxOOTq ysenbey O/I meu ey} OF JezUTOd e suimnjzeY
LTASAY
‘paqeero aq oF Ysanber O/I ey} jo azts ayy - aezTts
-qyz0od Ajdexr s,3senber O/I SsTy} TOF pesn aq 03 Wod ebessou
peztretqytut Apearzpte ue oF Taqutod e —- qrtogATdayot
SLAdNI
-uaddey [Tt sbutyy Ayseu AoA
aUOS IO ‘abessoeul oaxgq ue JO yWbueT sy ueYyQ Jajeeih oq LSAW
soeqzfq jo Jequmu euL *sa3A4q Jo Taqumu peTjToeds—resn e jo
yooTq ysenbar O/T Mou e& SaZTTeTITUT pue oF AzToOuHUl sazeOOTTY
NOIDLONNA
‘( azts ‘qyrogATdayot )OI}#xXRezeeID = bayot
SISdONAS
Asonbez O/I ue ajearo —— O]}xg9e}eeTD
GWYN

OI4Xd97 POLO

A - 49

yooT eB 03 TaqutTod Tddd -— YOOT
SLTNSAY

HuTIys pe_euTWIS}-[[NuU e JO TeyoereyoO YsITj JO Sserppe — Sureu
SLNdNI

-KI0O}OaTTp meu oy} UO YOOT peor pereys e SUINjeT ITds7zeetD
‘estmieyujO /()ITGOI [Teo ueYy pTNoys no& ‘(pazoe7}01d 34TIM YSTp
‘se yons) ZJoIzZe ue punoy sey sodebTuy 3ey} sueoul OLez JO UINjor ¥

“SYSTP

‘gTdurexe Toy ‘wey. Woddns yoTYM seoTAep UO SETTOJSITp 97Peto ATuo uero
sodebtuy 3ey} Tequeuey “sTTe} 3T JT Tore ue suinjer 41 “aTqtssod

JI ‘petytoeds noX oureu ay} yzIM ATOJSITp MoU e SozeETD ITs Pot)

NOI LONNA
Td 0d
( oweu )I1Gge}eeTD = YOOT
SISdONAS
A1oYOeATp Mou e |a}edTD —- ITdezeeID
AWN
ITqe}ee1D

O13xdeE7eeTD ‘OIPSe TEA
OSTW aS

{

!( ,Aroupul WUETOTJJnsul,, )JFzUTId
} (TION == yootadu )jtT
‘( qa0d )oIpzsezeeID = yooTEsu

‘qyrtod 3z10gbsW 7oONT4sS
‘yootgAw beypysol 7yonzA4s

ATdWVXd
-3z0d ptqTea e jou sem yIod ATdez oy} 7zeYR IO
‘asenboey O/I eu Toy Arouew ybnous jou sem eTeyF Fey, SeVeoTput
TION YW “YOOTG ysenber oT mou ay} OF ToqUTOd e suINzeY
LTINSdAY
-qy10d A{dez
S,3senber O/I sty AOJ pesn oq OF 310d abessoul
pezttetqtut Apeezte ue 0} Jajutod e - qrogkTdayot
SLNAdNI
-yooTq 3senber O/I meu e SaeZTTeTITUT pue Toy AOuU sozeoOTTY
NOT LONNA
( q10ghTdeyot )OIp}se}eeID = beypysot
SISdONAS
ysonber O/I parepuejs e azeerIOD —— OIp}se7eerD
GWWN

OIp3se7zeeID

IaTJTzUuept sseoord -. ssado01d

SLTASdY

Jebayut — sztsyor ys

quowbes e 03 AaqutTod Tddq — zueUubes

zebe ut ~ tad

Huli4s peqzeutTwisej—-[[nu e Jo Tazoereyo YSATJ Jo sseizppe —- sureu

SLNdNI

"putTy awos Jo TOIIe ue seT[dut epoo uinjet O1ez ¥
‘oureu ssaoo0id oyj saTytToeds ,oweu, j}usumbre syL

“paeTTey outynor |y} Jt O19Z IO sse0o0id mou 3y}

JO TaTjTjUepTt sssoolid ouy ST R[NSeT sUuL -ssa00id mou ayy jo AytTz0tad
pertnbert ayy setytoeds ,tid, *ssaooid oy} sazeaT_oe doOTdSzeeIO

uaymM soqAq UT yoreqZS 3OOT ay} JO 9ZTS sy Sjusseiderl ,aztTsyoerqs,

‘yons o3 dumC e 1O aepood uoTReZTTeTRITUT eTqezIns

uTe{UOD pTNoYs YoTYM /4STT juewbes |yz UT jUSUIbes 4SITJ SY} 7e Spoo eA
siajua o001ge}eeID *ssoooid mou e se un OF pueqUT Nok }zeY Spood Jo
UuOT}OeS ay} SjUeSeTdeaT 4YSTT JUeUbes STUL (-baspeoyun pue bhasprot

osTe aos) *,jUaUbes, jJUSUMHIe oY} Se JSTT JuUeUlbes e Saye} OOTqs}e91D

“3T SozTTerqrur
uoy} pue eere Arououl aeTJ ayy wor} eIN}ONIAS TOT}UOCD ssa0o0id e

soqveooT{Te I °,oweu, oureu oy} YIM sso0o0id e sojeaeTD cOTgezeeID
NOIZLONNA

rd €d cd 1d 0d

( aztsyoeqs ‘quewbes ‘Tid ‘oureu JoorgezeeIn = sseooid
. SISdONAS

ssoo0o0id mou e o}eaTD —— d0Tge}eeTD
GWYN
D0Ige }eeID

©
1”
<

yu‘ SsraAeT
OSTW dds

‘zaket Ae[dstp ojut deuntqiedns jo sjuaju0D setdoo pure

dew;qitgiedns [ear 0} TajutTod se guq sesn ‘dewytgtedns JI

YOOT eB 03 AeQUTOd TdOd — YOOIPTO *“sHheTJ ut punoy adAQW jo AaheT sty soexen
SLINSaY -szakeT Tayo [Te Jo do} uo AT seoetd pue

({A’/ TX) <—(QA4’/QX) aezTs pue uot3tsod jo zaAeT Mou e sazeeTD

YOOT Be OF AaQuTOd Tddd -— YOOT NOLLONNA

SLAdGNI
rake[T JO reauzoOo puey yUuHTA Temo,T =TA‘’TX

rakeT Jo rauroOo puey yyeT deddn =0A'0x
“sjas Iq se pe zroddns szeAkeT Jo sadAq snotrea =sbeTJ
dewata zedng ~[euotydo 03 Taqutod = qq

-ystp dn—qiejs TeTIIUT ay Jo 3ZOor oy} ST ATOROSITP
quaermod ayy eu} SezeOTpUT pue eTEeY B[NSeT pTTeA e ST OTaZz JO OnTeRA V

‘yooT ATOJOaeITp WUEeTIMS pTO ey} sumnzer WI “(MOOT OsTe szakeyT [Te Aq pesn depwytq ucumioo of JequTod = uq

30S) ‘YOOT eB UTM paezeToosse ATOJOSATp e& YUaTINO seyeul ATq}JUuETIND aimjoniys oyurrzakeq 03 JaqzuTod = TT
NOTLONON SLANT

Td 0d [ ze ] vp €P cP TP OP Te OP

( yOoT )aATa}UeTIND = YOOTpPTO ({guc’] sbe Ty’ TA’ Tx’ oA‘ 0x/uq/ TT) zaheT{UorFdneyzeeI1D

SISdONAS SISdONAS
AzIojOeITp buTyIOmM *srakeT

QuerImMd 93y} YOOT Be UTM payetToosse ATOJOaITp e ayeul —— ITqd}ueTIND butystxe Jo do} uo TakeT mou e a}zearO —— raXkeTWuUoOrAJdNe}eaeID
aWWN GWYN
zokeqT{uo0rsdnezee1D

ItqjuerImMs)

A- 51

‘uoT}ONAASUT }XEeU ZY OF
Taqutod TeootT eyuy dumq o3 (o)dumgd sTTeo ueyA pue
(y/A/o)4TeMO STTVO FeUQ OTOeU e ATTeN}oeR ST STUL

uoT}ISOd weeq Te}UOZTIOY
(qaogmMaTA JO do} 03 SATReTeEZ) UOTRITSOd wWeeq TROT IEA
aamjonijzs ystIdopn 0} 1equTOd

ll
> GS

li
oO

y uotyTsod Teq,UOZT1OY
pue A UOTRTISOd weeq TeOTPIOA TOF FTeM OF UOTIONTASUT SPPW

( y ’ A ‘’ Oo )LIWMO

“4st~T taddop rtasn 03 uoT}ONAWsUT Tem TaddoD puedde -—~ LIWMO

sond

SLTASAY

SLAdNI

NOILONNA

SISdONAS

GWYN

LIMO

*3UON
OSTW dds

" SUON
sond

“Ssjueumbre 3uy
Aq petytoeds suot eco, Arousw ay} OUT SenTea sUIT 9Yy 3 S3Nd
LTNSAY

‘ON[eRA SpucossorOTU
quazTIMS |syy AOJ SeTqetrea ONOIN e& OF AaQUTOd = SOIOTW
‘an~TeaA spuooss
quatmMo ay} eATSedeI 0} STQeTIeA ONOIN & OF AJeqzUTOd = spuodaes
SLAdNI

‘puooas e SOUT} Iamey Aey paezepdn oq ATTeoTdAR

TITM pue puooas e sout} A}XTS uPYyy eTOU OU pazepdn aq [TTM

OUT} euL ‘“UOCTINTOSeT euTJ AeA e JO YT ST Tou ‘azeIMoOoOe

ATauei4XS OU ST ONTeRA OWT STYUL ‘SZequTOd jueumbire

pettddns ay} ofUT oUIT} jUaTIMS ay} Jo satdod synd uoTjoUNJ sTyL
NOI LONNaA

| ee

(SOLIOTWY ‘SPpUOdddSS¥ ) SUIT LzUeTIMND
‘SOTOTW ‘SpuodeS ONOTN
SISdONAS

SONTRA SUIT} YUeTIMSD 9yQ WH -— dUITLQUeTIND
GWYN

OUT LzUueTIMN)

A - 52

@}e00OTTW
OsTW aaS

soaqzAq UT YOOTC paeitsep ey} Jo ezts ay — aztse Aq
umnjzer 03 yooTq Azrouru — yoo TgAouru
3STT Serj ay OF SQUTOd — 4STTeeTF

SLNAdNI

"yooTq Atououl eiTjue ue [TTF TTT Yoo Td

peery oyu os ‘dn paepunozr eq [TT YooTq ey} JO azTts ay} ‘OSTY
-sueddey butyjzou /[[Tnu st eztseyAq FI

‘uoTbar e jo y1ed ATuO Hutsery st ouo Jt sestidans asneo Aeu
ynq ‘seutynor uoTReSOTTe AToOueu ayy [Te YIM ATIOeTIOD

YIOM TTTA STU FeYU SION ‘“UMOP PepuNorT oq TTT 4T Yet
(AZISMOOTd WHW) ATepunog yooTq e uo jou st YooTgATOuPU JI

*yOOTq pezeootTTe ATsnotaeid e jo

YOOTG-qns e xdTj OF} poesn oq UPD AT AO ‘/UOTIOUNJ saoqe
3YU UYIM pazeoOTTe YOOTq eATjUS ue deTJ OF pEesn oq
ued UOT OUNJ STYUL ~“Tood Azourwu serTj aQetidoirdde ayy
O} }T buturnjzer Aq AroOuwpu sazeooTTeep uotTWoOUuNy STULL

NOILONNA
0d TW OW
(aztsaqzAq ‘yooTgAroueu ‘4ST TaerTj )azeoOT [Teed
SISdONAS

Kiovupul JO YOOTq ke a }edOTTeRap —— a }eoOTTeAEd
GWYN

a3 eOOCT Teed

‘NOILONN4A Tepun peqtzrosep se peT[TjJ st Aezze sTyL
SLTNSAY

SpIOMbUOCT voTYW jo Aezie ue UT WZUSUWeTS FSATJ oy FO Sssorppe - A
SLAdNI

‘SyOT} JO Jequmu ueae ue sAemTe ST Web noA out} ey} SeLOJETEYL

‘SyOT2 0G JO seTdtytnu ueae suinjzer ATuo ATQUeTINo durejsezed °“jesun

ST a}ep dy} JT OFez are SqUdUSTS 9814} TTY “}Ue}STSUOCD oTe eyNUTU

pue Aep oy} 3euR seinsue durejsejzeq “puooses e saulT 0S sueddey YyoT3

Ww ‘oqnuTW jUeTAINO ayy UT pesdetTa syoT} Jo Jequmu ay} St pazTy? PUL

-kep ay} ut pesdeta saynutu jo Tequmu ay} ST JUSUeTS puodes SUL -sKep

Jo raqunu ey} Jo qunoo e ST 1O}JDSeA SYR UT QUSUETS YSATJ SYL “OuTQ

quazino ay} OF 48S ST }eY SpTOMHUCT seTYR JO TOJOaA eB SoOyey dure3Ss93 ed
NOILONNA

‘( a )durezsezed
SISdONAS

CPUIOJ [RUTSRUT UT OUT} pue azep oy} UTeIGO —— durejsejed
GWYN

durejSs93ed

A - 53

OI 4X97 e281
OSTW dds

‘( beyot )O1}#xFe7eTEd
‘bayot ysenbeyol] 3on74s

aTdWvxXd

ONTea UINAeT ON
SLINSAY

‘paerly aq 03 YOoTq ysenbeyYyoI ey} 03 AequTOod yw — beyot
SLNdNI

-()OIRXTEReaID Aq pajeooT{Te se ysenber OT ue dn seelry
NOILONN

‘( beyot )OIz#xXd°3°0TOEC
SISdONAS

jsonbei O/I pepue}xXe AOJ peyjeooTTe Azousul umnjJor — O]}xXH9}7e TOA
AWWN

OIF*d9949T9d

Jebeyut — Anosulty

SLAdNI
-(puooes Jad 0G) SYOT} UT 4#TeM PTNoYys sseoD0id |yy buotT moy Ajtoads of
noA SMoTTe ,}NOsUITZ, *,3NoOeuUTz, PUSUuMbIe ue sayey Aejled uotAounj suL
NOITLONNA
Td
( qnoeut} )Aeted
SISdONAS
SUT} peTy{Toeds e 1ToJ ssaooid e AeToep —- Aeted
GWYN
AeTod

A - 54

yu’ SsiaAeT
OSTW dds

‘Jgnqs rekeT Jo sar ynouAtm werboid Ioj

aTqetTreae st 3nq weysks ay} Woy peaouwer jou st dewytgqtedns eyL
-juezino st dep;ytarzedns aims seyeu ‘deujtqiedns e st sTyy JI
"31 peou Aew ZeyR osouR UT YysSeTjet siebbtTzL “31 Aq perznosqo
uaeq aaey Aeu ZeyR STeAeT TaeyRO seTOJseYyY “FT YIM po ReToosse
Aroupu soeseatei pue srekeT Jo AST{T ey wory AaAeT STYy SeAoURY

NOILONNA

IakeT e& OF AaQuTOd = T

ainyzonri4s oOjJuyreAeT Of ASQquToOd = TT
SLNdNI

Te oF

( [ ‘TT )arekejTeqoj{ed
SISdONAS

“4STT ZeAeT worjy AaekeT ajeTep —- JeAejajeteq
AWN

rzakejerzeTed

uraToog — ssaoons
SLINSAY

HuIIIS pezeuTuIE7-[TNu e Jo TayoeIeyo YsATJ Jo sSsorppe - ouweu
SLNdNI

-JTesyt AIOJSEITp sy} ajJeTEp ued Nok aLOJeq AIoORJOSITp e& UTUITM SETTI
au} TTe aqeTep ysnu nok zey} SON “STTe} UCTITEp Suz JT TOIT ue
summer 3I °,ouweu, ATOJOSIIp IO eTTJ Sy} azeTep OF sydulze ST TASIeTSEd

NOTLONNA
Td 0d
( oweu )aeT qa 3eTEd = sseoons
SISdONAS

AtojVOaITp IO eTT} & aeTEep —— eTTAeIeTEd
GWYN

aT TdoWTEd

D0

‘peeH UT’ ePON OF°FTeMNSeL <— qe = 03) Oj
‘()aTqestd

/qunoo 3UT

‘ [QZISAWYNUW] Soweux TeYo
‘O4x YSeL WonAAS

{qex osegoexg 3onzA4S

‘pequtTid are soweu ey} pue

petTqeua St uoT}OeS epoo sy} USsYL “peTqestp ST uoT}oeS spood 9
aTtym Aerie oweu e OJUT peToeyzeb ore souru 3yy ‘oTdwexe styj UI
‘(atTduexe rzoy ()yqutTad) ATredomd uoT}ounJ 0} HutTysezTz [Nu eiTtnbet
zeuq SsUuOTJOUNT woySsAS UTeIIED HuTTTeo proae ysnu noA ‘/uotytppe

UI ‘UOT}DOS peTqestp e WOIJ }STT YSe} oY} SSado0e OF PEsU PTNOM

nok ‘syse} bHutTqtem [Te Jo seureu 9yy qutid 03 3uemM noA asoddns
“poeTqestp eTTymM pessacooer aq ATUO ued SRSTT DeXxy Auew ~“but[npeyos
yse3 Aaoqydueerd squeaoId osTe jt ‘sqdnizejut sjuaaeid

atTqestp osneoeg “ptqioy pue eTqestp yyoq 0} ATessaods9u Taasu ST 4]

‘(qQUaTOT]Je SSeT yonu st sseodoid sty} suesU YOTYM)

apou TostAZedns worjy ATUuO peteRTe oq ued TSAeT Ajytiotid 1tossa00id
au} ‘uoT Ippe ul ‘TeaeT AAtzroTAd 00089 PUA yubnory you pue dtyo

wojJsnd €O/p eu YHnoryA sqdnzzeqUT ToT}ZUCD soAoOeU pue suoT oUNy,
peye[ar-aTqeue pue -oeTqestp oeyL ~“pebeimoosTp A[[Teiteueb st pue
snorobuep eq osTe ued UuOTIONAASUT YSHAOW SY YFTM STSAST Ajtazo0tad
qdniiajut rosses0zd 90089 eUuy butTbueyo Aq sqdnazequtT butysew

‘spuocasorotu oGZ UueYy} STOW OU IOJ eTqesTp oO}

ST qumy} JO aTni YW ‘jueysUT JaTIq AToa & UeYR STOW AOF oTqQesTtp
youueo noX ‘out} [eer ATIeeu ut HutzmMo9o90 sydnizequt

s3t uo ATTAeay spuedep ebtuy ey} uO aeTeMzjJOS ayy esneosg “SUOT OSS
peTqestp butsn ut Tebuep e sT etey} zeUR ezTTeer 0} JueZIOdUT ST FI

"Iossac0id oy} suteber utebe yse} eyy [TT jun
()aeTqeuq ue sat{Tdut uotjouny ()3TemM ey} ‘SUOT}OSeS USeppTqLoOF syATT
OSTW ‘peqjseu aq ued suUOCTOaS peTqestp ‘SsuOoT}OeS USppTqIOJ sY{TT
-soroeul ATGYNA pue uotTzounJ ()eTqeug ey} osn ‘uTebe
sqdnizequt atqeue Of -(a0eds apod aizoul seumsuoo 4nq)
quetotjje azoul st oroew ATavSId ey} ‘epoo ATquesse UT HuT3tIM are nod
JI ‘uotjouny ()aTqestaq oy} [Teo ueo nok sydnizejUuT eTqestp OL
‘Hutzmooo0 worj sqdnizequt butqueaeid Aq semmjoniz3s
peieys butsseooe ydnaizequt ue jo ARTTTqtssod ey} sezeUTUTTS I
‘apoo ydnaizequt Aq pereys are yey} SeINjonT}s sasseooe ysej e USM
pertnbez st buttTqestq ‘“uoT}oes [eoT}TIO e butTinp butzmooo wory
sjdnizejut szuaaeitd ostTe 3t ynq ‘butpptqziojJ oF AeTTwIs st butTqesta
NOILONNA
‘(JeTqesta
SISdONAS
-uoTysey aatydueeid—uou e ut sjidnizeqjuT eTqestd —- eTqestd

aWYN

eTqesta

sso00ig e 03 Aa\uTOd TdDq - ssaooc1id
SLINSAY

Hulz3s pezeuTUis}z-TI[Nu e Jo TaRZoORIeYyO YSITJ JO sseippe — sureu
SLAdNI

‘sabessoul S}T puas pTnoys weqsAs ey} eteym sseo0id JeTpuey ayz Jo
UOTJeOTJTIUAaPT sseoord oy} eUTWIAa}eEp OF UOTROUNJ STYFZ ssn ued NOK

“YOOT

AIoj,aITp e 0} TeqzUTOd e surnjer ()ITIGOT usy} ‘ooTAep pejzuNoU e UO e[TJ
2 03 SIajeI ,ouweu, JI “O1ezZ ST B[NSeT ayy ‘/TeTpueYy ssooo1d e puUTy
qouueo oorgadtaeg JI ‘eweu petytoeds ey} YIM pezeToosse soTAsp 34
SoTpuey ey} sseoord ay} Jo AeTJTjJUepT sseooid ey suIN}eT DOTGs0TASd

NOTLONN4A

Td 0d

( auweu )oorgeotTAed = ssa00id
SISdONAS

O/I ey buTTpuey

ssoo00id ay} Jo TaTjT\uept ssaoord ey uINJeT —-— dOTgsoTAsd
GWYN
DOT ga0 TAad

A - 56

19771 TAUMO
OSTW gas

SNUO LAY

SLAdNI

sZasn 12}}TTq reyQO Aq asn IO} 1994TTQ 901d
NOT DONNA

()1999TTauMostd
SISdONAS

"93e0Q9S sdTJ OF F9RVATTIC Umer —— T9347 TTE@uUAostd
aWWN

19}4TTquMosta

‘Jayjnq Areroduey e O4UT HuTi3s ouweu eit jue

ayy Adoo 03 aoTQoOVId Hutumrerboid poob e sT 4T sueTgoid yons ptToae
OL ‘PpTt[TeA eq AebuoT ou prTnom JejzuTod Hbut1r3s—sureu 3} ‘uaddey 02
aI0emM STUY JI ‘poquTid st oureu SjT aTOjeq peAoUmI ST {SPR HbuT}TeaA
e JT supTqoid saey [ITA aTdurexe sty} UT epood ay} ‘esmMod jo

{
‘({t]seueu ‘, sg ,) yqutTad
} (44+ ‘qunood > T /Q = T) 1OJ
‘()eTqeug
{
‘oureNn UT°SePpON 903 ¢<-— 023 = [+4+]}UNOD] SoUreU
} (gong UT *@apon 0} <- 03 = 07
‘oonsg UT*SPON 93 <- 93

A - 57

3UON

OSTW dds

"IIT 4noqe buTMouy
Jaaa nok 4noyWIM LYATIY GNECWad sul0Deq Aew ZIeTe AmMOoA jo
TaaceT ayy /yuTYyR NOoA ueYy} eTqnor} eroU UT ST wojshs ou ji

-uoq}jNnq 3YUbTI ey} sesseid Jasn ey JT ASTWA pue
abessau rzanoA oj esuodsez uT uojzANq |ssnoU JJeT Suy sossoid
qesn oy} JT AMUL Sq TITM anTea uInjer 3yy ‘LUSTY AYAAOOTY

e ST STU} JI ‘onTea uM er oyy shemTe ST ASTWA

‘LUaTW GNAGWHd e& ST STYUA JI “ASIVA TO ANYL JO onTeA ‘IOOE V

sond

LINSdd

-abessoul anoA 1oJ pertnbez sauty{T Aetdstp umurutu = zYyHTeH
“aaoqe
peqtiosep se ‘butiqzs ebessoul yreTe ey} OF AaqzuTOd = butz4sS
‘auTyNoI styqy Aq peTOUbT st Jaequmu sey Jo yseT oUL
‘S}IQ AdAL LYATW O4z OTe Tequmu sTYyZ JO szIq JUeUTJIEd
ATuo eyL ‘ebessopjtetTy sty} jo Tequmu ey} = TeqUMN STW
SLAdNI

‘aq oj AeTdstp yTeTe sy quem NOA [TeR
SOUTT OeptTa Aueul Moy SeqTiIosep ‘AYybTaH ‘queumbre 4seT eUuL

“obessoul ay} UT butzaysqns yseT ay} ST STYQ ‘OTEZ ST
aq uoT}eNUTAUOD BY} JI ‘ebessawytetTy sty} ut pessaooid
aq 0} Butr4sqns Teyjoue st aeXsey} ‘OTaz—uou sT a3Aq
uOT}eENUT_UOCD dy JI ‘“SUO STY} SMOT[OJ HhuTrz,Ssqns Teyjoue joOU
IO JoyAeYUM SeTytoeds yotym /a3Aq uoTRZeNUTAUOO aYyA ‘ATASeT O
‘(or1ez JO a3Aq e YIM pua) poejeUuTUe4—TT[Nu
oq 4ysnu YyoTYyM ‘/jJTesqzT butz3s oy jo saqzAq ayy ‘ueyL O
‘3X89 ou JO sUTTESeq 3YyR OF
JasjjO ou} SeqTIoOSep ezZeuTpIOCOS A ay, “Teadde oj} hutz4s
STy} zueM NOAA AeTdstp WeTe ey} uo eTeyM Hutqtizosep
‘93eUuTpicoCS A RZIq-g Ue PUR azeUTpIOOD XK ATq-9T e& “ASITA O
:Squoucduiod HUTMOTTOJ ey} SsUTeQUOCO YOTYM JO yore
‘sbutr4sqns e1ou IO auo jo pasoduiod st buti4s ebessow A7eTly
SUL ‘“buTr4s ebesseyjteTw ue 03 squTod jueumbie but1z4S SUL

“SATINOSxY oy Aq A[TuUO paesn st ‘LYATW ASIWVG ey} ‘PIETe Jo adA
pityi W ‘eaoqe yderbered sayy UT peqTIosep ere sajzejs ssouL
‘sqieTe [Teqey JOJ LYAIW GNAdwad Io Aaacoer ATayes Aeu

wezshs oy} YOTYM WOIF SJTETe TOF LYAIW AYBAOOTY OF FOES oq YsSnU
S}Tq eseouL ‘STC AdAL LYATIY ey} OTe ‘TaAemMoy ‘euUTQNOAT STYA

O03 jyUeUTRZIEed ere ZeUW SsqIq ATUO ODYUL ‘“SUTANOT ()PETW 9YyWZ OF
ques ENTeA 9YR OF pEeRzeToT ‘ONTeA ONOT & ST TSqUMNPASTY SUL

"aSIWaA ST onTea umjoer oy, “AeTdstp WoTe ayy but Zeer
uodn ATezeTpeuWitT suAIN}ZeT auTANOA sty pue ‘LYaIW GNddwad
e ST BT /4TETe STYQ WOTJ TeacoaeT JouuRd uweysAS 9yW JI

"u0}ANq eSsnoU BJeT eUuy

poesseid rasn ay} jou Io Teyzeym Ajtoeds 0} auTyNoOIT sTyy Aq
poumnjet st ontTea TOOd e& pue a3e4S [TeUTHTIO S}T OF pero Ser
st AeTdstp oy YOTYM Jeqje ‘suoj}jnq asnow 2Yy} Jo suo
sossoid tasn ay} [T}UN SRTPM OUTANOI eUL “LYaTW AYFAOCOgY

e ST 3I ‘/PoTe sty} worJ TaacoeT ued we sds 9yQ JI

‘oabessoul petjtoeds ayq yytma AeTdstp rete ue sazee1iD

NOLTLONN4
Td OW 0a
(qUubTeaH ‘butr4sS /’TequmNPVeTy) I eTwAeTdsta
SISdONAS
abessoul yreTe ue Jo AejTdstp e azeaID -—— JroTwAeTdsta
AWWN
qretwhe[dsta

o8

y‘ sraket

1IozZeooTTe AouPU oF
Oju[rAeT STYA OF poyorzyze ATOueu Teyjo Aue pue ojyuyAeAeT suanqoy

amyAoni3s oOjyuyAeAeT OF TaQutTod = TT

oe
(TT )oyur rahe Tosodstq

Tood uweul oF OjuyreAeT AOJ ATOUEUI [[e uANjer —— ojJuyaheyesodstqd

OSTW dds

NOLLONNa

SLNdNI

SISdONAS

AWWN

ojyuyraheTasodstqd

SUON
OSTY dds

OUON
sond

SUON
LTNSAY

“pausSeTJ eq [[TM UeeTOS UOTRAINAUI
Azqaad ‘TIAN JI ‘aammyonzr4s userDs e 03 TaqUTOd = uaaTDS
SLAdNI

‘peTTeo eq prTnoys uotjounj ()deagAe[Tdstqd ey ‘rTaysoenbe2

e JO asn ayy ertnber 07 Yybnouse snoTIes you sT ey ZUsAS

ue JO MOUY OF SpesU Tesn ou} UsUM ‘“ATeyeeds IO TTeq

TeureiUT ou sey ehbTuy ey} asneoeq peqioddns st suTynoI e yons

“SaoUuRJSUMOITO OLTp AOJ peaTesaz
aq pTnous styj os ‘op 0} buTyy e4TTod e jou ST suserOS

Tle butysetTa ‘*‘pedssaq oq [[TM AeTdstp ay} uT useros Arana
‘TTION ST WUSUMHIe UsEeTDS aYyA JI ‘USseEeTOS paTyToaeds ayy jo
IOTOO punorbyoereq eyy butysety Aq AeTdstp oapta ayy ,,sdeeaqg,,

NOILONNA
OW
(uaaeiros )deagAeTdstaq
SISdONAS
Xejtdstp oepta ayy ,deeq, --— deaagAetdsta
AWNYN
daagAeTdstd

59

4sTI9}0S
OSTW aus

ATqoaer1100 ATayeTdwoo SUOTSTT[OO [q5)-0}F—THD aTpuey you soc
sond

buTyujon
LINSdAY

Yod}sey WONTWS e OF AoqZUTOd = YOY
SLAdNI

iasn ay} IOJ uoTxounJ sty} suzojrzed 4sTI9NVA0S aeuTynor weyshs SUL
‘Jap1o xX/K uT peyos ATROeTIOO ASTT IHD 9YR PUTF OF S}ZOadxXe OUTINOI STUL

‘peTTeO ST auTyNOI UOTSTTTOO YyoTuM
JO uoT}dTroOSsep YybnoroyR e AOJZ uoT}e\UeUMSOpP ey} <eS ‘peTTeO ST SUT NOT
HUT[pUueY-UOTSTTTOO ayetidordde sy} ‘SUOTSTT[TOO assay Jo auo HhuTjoa yep uO
SUOTST[[TOO Tq5-0}—-TaD pue Arepunog IO} ASTT 19D UT THD Yyoes sisal
NOILONNA

Te
(310dg¥y ) UOTSTT TOD07d
SISdONAS

SUOTST[[OO AO} 4ST IHD UT THD ATens Sjseyz -- UOTSTTTOD0Ed
AWWN

uOTST[TO00d

sond
aanjzoniy#s uotThey Oo} TeqQUTOd = uother
SLAdNI
JTESszFT uotbey oeyQ saerj
ueu} pue uoTbey sty} 1T0y saTbuejoayuoTbey [Te seer
uot zouUNA
oe
(uotber ) uotbayesodstq
SISdONAS
Tood Azourui
SeIj 03 uOTHheT sTy} AOJ soeds [Te uM eI —— uoTheyssodstad
AWNWN
uotbaysasodstq

60

( JouT.LzUeTIND
OSTW dds

OUON
sond

“qSIWd suinjoz
4I /estTmzey}O /AnNUL surINjer uoTj}OuNJ sty ‘/SseouerTejeird
Jo Jes JUeTAINO ayy UT Shuer aUIT YOT[O-eTqnop ey UTYRTIA
ST sontTea durejsouwt} pettddns ay} usemMjzeq soUueTesjtp oy} FI
LINSAY

*butreptsuoco
are noX potied auty YyOT[O-aeTqnop ey Jo pua ayy
Hutqtiosep oenjea durejseult} ay} = solotWyuerIND ‘spuodsesjzueriMy)
*buTreptsuoo
are nod potied aut} YOTTO-eTqnop ey Jo res sy
Hutqtiosep antea durejsoult} ey} = soroTWRIeIS ‘spuooes ze WS
SLNAdNI

-suoTzeottdde [Te ATreeu IOZ ybnoue estoeird ore
Kou ‘Taaamoy /}OejTed Jou ere sanTea aut syL ‘sebessou
dWNOdI pue sjueagqyndul ut punoy eq ued SONTeA dUT VSOUL

“9STWa SUIN}JEeT AT ‘/astmzoyQO /qnuL summjer

uoTjoUNJ Stuy ‘/ehbuerl out} YoOTTO-sTqnop jueTIMd oy} UTYRTA

ST SONTRA BIT} peTyToeds ay} UseeMjeq sodUeTeJJIp oyy JI

‘ue qsAs ayy OUT peanbtjuoo sey (s01TMNOS TayAO suloS IO [OO }
saouertejetg oy} Hutsn) rasn ayy ey ebuer ynoouTty

YOTTO-@aTqnop oy} YIM San{RA dsuIT? ey UT sdUeTeJJIp oy} sereduioD

NOILONNA
€d cd Td 0d
(soroTWWUeTIND ‘spuocdasjUeTIND ‘sorOTWITeAS ‘spuoodes reqs ) YOTTDeTqnod
SISdONAS
Hbututy YyOTTO-eTqnop oJ senTea owtyz OM} 4S943 -—-— YAOTTOeTQnod
AWWN

YOTTOSTQnod

OI3TeM ‘OIpues
oSTW 4gS

OI3TeEM ses — OITA
SLTNSdY

ysenber O/I pezttetatut Atredoid e OF Zaqjutod — ysenbeyot
SLNdNI

‘pajetduioo st ysenber O/I ayy TT}uN Yoo Tq sAemte
TTT uoTzounZ stuL “}senber O/I ey} ut petytoeds pueumioo
O/I auy wiojrted 03 AeATAIp soTASp ke sqysonbex uotqounjy sTtuL

NOTLONNA
TW 0d
(3senbeyot)olod = 10110
SISdONAS
uOT}eTdUOCO TOF 3TeM pue pueUOCD O/I ue wiojied —- o1cd
SNWN
OIOd

A - 61

SUON
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

SUON
LINSdd

"az eUTPIOOD
K s,20}0ea yore OF paeppe eq TTTM 3eUy Jesyjo ayy = JessjJodoL
‘azeUTpPIOOD x
S,10}08A yore OF poppe eq TTIM 7FeYF JOSFJO SYyF = JESTIOIWST
-ganjoNni4s Iepiog e of TajUTOd = Jaepiro0g
*butssoro
IapiIog ay} eaTadeT 0} Wod}sey ay} OF ToqUTOd = Pogysey
SLAdNI

“(sTTejZep TOF uoT}OSes NOILONNA STuyy
jo doj ayy oF UINJeET) [TEM Se PeTEpUeT ST Tepiog }xeu 9
‘olaz—UOU ST JUSUMHIe TepIOg sy} JO PTETJ TepIO_FXeN 3yy JI

-abpe s,MopuTM ay ye peddt[o aq

Tits Azebhbeut zanoA ‘/moputM MOA jo epTszNno SsuTT & MeIp no& jt
f‘aqzetidoidde se butddt[o Moputm uoTRTNAUI seop eUuTyNoOT STYUL
‘jesyjodo, pue yessjo wel oy Aq JoesTjo ‘odyssey ey} OFUT
jUuoumMbre Jepiog ey}. JO S10RIDSA SYA SMeIp YT “UdSUL

aimjzoni4s Iapiog eyy jo squeumbre ey} 0} buTpoooe zIod}sey Sy
ut sued pue epou butmerp eyj dn sjes uoTJoOuNJ sTyy ‘4sitd

NOILONNA
Td od TW OW
(qasyjodoy, /4esSJjJOUJOI ‘Tepiog ‘31Od4sey) Jeprogme4sq
SISdONAS
qZIOgAseY syQ OAUT A2sp10qd petjtoeds ayy MeIp -—-— dAaeprogmeid
aWWN

Iapiogmeizg

“SsUTT SUR pus OF Wod}sey oy UT jutod K‘x
zIOg}sey eB OF IajUTOd di
SLNdNI
-(K’x) 03 uoTRZTSod ued JueTIMdD sy} WOTJ SUTT eB SMeId
NOILONNA
Ta od Tw
(A ‘x ‘di )aeig
SISdONAS
uot3tsod A‘xX Meu 384} pue
uoT}Tsod ued jJUueTIND ay} UeeMjoq SUTT eB MeIp —— MeId
GWYN
MeId

A - 62

OUON

OSTW dds
SUON
sond
SUON
LIAS
"az eUTPIOOD
K s,oabeuy ayy 0F peppe eq TTT 7ey Jessjo 94 = qestyodoL
*9}eUTpIOOD

X S,abeuy ey} OF peppe aq TTTM }eUW Jesjjo sy} = JSFIOIWPST
‘ginqoni34s ebeuwy ue 03 TaqjutTod = ebeul
*hutssozo
Japiog ayy eATeDeT OF PIOG}seY ey} OF Iayzutod = yo ysey
S.LAdNI

‘(s[TTeqZep TOF uotjoos sTyy
Jo doj ey OF UINJET) T[eM Se perTepUueT ST abeuwy 3xeu eu
‘olez—uOU ST jZUeUMhIe ebewl sy} FO PTETJ obeuly}XON ouy JI

‘oabpe S,MOpUuTM oy} 3e peddTTO eq TTT

Azebeut znoX ‘moputa rznoX jo eptsyno ebeur ue mexp no& jt
f‘aqzetadoidde se butddt[o moputm uot zInzUI seop euTANoL STUL
"jasjjodoy, pue yessjoRseT ey Aq yoeszjo “yTodysey oy FUT
juoumbaie abeuly ay} Jo eyep ebeultT ay} soaoul FT ‘USUL

ainjzonrys aebeuy ayy Jo squoumbre ayy OF HuTproooe 7TOd}seY Suz
ut sued pue spou butmeip eyy dn sjes uoTyounF sTyy ‘4sitd

NOLLONNA
Ta od TW OW
(qesyjodoy, ‘JeszjoqjeT ‘ebewy /Wod}sey)ebeuymeisd
SISdONAS
qIogisey ouy OJUT abeuy petytoeds oy MeIp —— abeullMeid
aWWN

abeurMerqd

buTyjON
OSTW as

“pes ale OM ‘oSeaTor
STuj 1oJ oq you T[TtM ATqeqord pue oA pequeuetdut you st MWYGLSNW

sond

buTyujON
LiInsda

asegqxj5 O} Toequtod = ce

uMeIp eq TTTM Sqog orTeymM WOdyseY Sy} OF Iayutod = [ke
SLAdNI

pertnber jT
butreyjnq—eTqnop /seTqeTiea ,, PTO, SY} OFUT SeNTeA eAReS oY} Adop -
Jaysel jUeTANO oUuQ OUT AT MeIp “qog eB S,4T JI -
4STT reddop eyy OUT AT pTtIng ‘aytidsa e S,9T jI -
“THD yoes 10j
PSeZTTeTFIUT ere aseyj ‘peuTJep are TOTODSeT pue suTTzxXeu FI —
ASTI IdD ZUeTINS ayy Jo ssed suo suojiod

NOLDLONN
oe Te
2 Aq peTTeo se (qIodA ‘/WOdU)ISTIOMeId
SISdONAS
sqog butmeip ‘seqytadsa Hburenenb ‘4STT TaD euy sso00id -—— 4STIOMeId
aWWN
4ST TIDOMeIG

63

eTqesta
OSTW dds

‘(sqdnizejut setTqeue—e1 AT[TeuTjZ s,eTqestd Jo jes e HUTMOT TOF
Ss,eTqeuq Jo Zequmu Tenbe ue ATuO) syseu uoT OUNy ()eTqestd euyy
@OoUTS [TRO STY} Teqye peTqeue oq ATT1resseoeu jou TTTM sqdniza ut
NOLLONNA
‘()eTqeug
SISdONAS
()eTqestq e butmo[{oy sydnizequTt eTqeuy —- eTqeud

AWWN

atTqeug

YOOT & OF AaQUTOd Tddd — YOOTMOU
SLINSAY

YOOT B 03 AaQuTOd Tddd -— YoOT
SLNdNI

(-¥OOI Tepun vas /SyOOT UO UOT}eUIOJUT aeTOU TOG) “YOOT a3TIM e Jo Adoo
eB ajeato 0} eTqTssodut st RI *“Joelqo sures |YyQ OF YOOT peer pereYs
Zaujoue surnjer pue yooT peer weysks Hut[T} pereys e sexe yooTdnd

NOILONNA
Td od
( YooT )yooTdngd = Yoo"MeU
SISdGONAS

YyoOT eB ayeot{tdnp —— yoo dnd
SWWN

yoo ldnd

64

SUON
OSTW dds

OUON
sond

SUON
winsay

‘pezetoosse sT Taqysenber
STUY} YOTYUM YFTM 29INQ{ONIAS MOPUTM ey} OF TaQUTOd = MOPUTM
* pOAOUrnT
@q 03 Aaysonbezr ayy jo erznqjoniq4s ayy OF TeqjUuTOd = Taysenbsay
SLNdNI

*MOPUTAM 34} UT UTeURT

Tits AsyW ‘/‘sreysonbezr TeyjAO Asepun szoOqe, Moputm 9y} JI ‘suo
petytoeds ayy A[TuO ‘’Moputm 9y} wWorTy Ssieqjsenber [[e zreaToO
A[tzresseoeau you seop sty} 3eY 2eION ‘“MOPUTM dU HuT}AesSeT
pue 1aysenber oy butserzs Aq ysenber ay} spus uoTROUNF sSTUL

NOTLONNA
TW Ow
(moputTM ‘/Zeqsenbsy) senbeypug
SISdONAS
MOPUTM 94} WeSseZ pue ysenbezr ey} pua --— ysenboypug
GWYN

jsonbeypuy

( )yserTjoyutboeg
OSTW das

SUON
sond

OUON
LTINSddY

“peyseijer ATaqjotduiod ST MOPUTM STU
jou Io JaeuAZeYM Hhutqtzrosep ASTWd IO qnuL ueatToog = sajeTduop
‘gpoul yseTjoer—peztutydo ut ATjUeTTNS MOpUTM ZY} OF} TayUTOd = MOpUTM
SLNAdNI

“dNUL JO WUeumHbIe ajeTduiop e YIM STTeO 4seT ey ATUO puUe
‘ASTWd JO Jueumbre ajeTduoD e yytIM ated ()ysetjoypug/utbeg
UMO S}T [TRO URS YORd ‘/MOPUTM ay} YSeTjerT ATeqQeTdwoo

Oo} unr 4Snu yeu STTeO eInpecorzd eTdty[Tnu ro syseq aTdtyThu
eaey noA ‘aouejsuT TOF ‘JT ‘TSAeMOH “ANUL eq TTT qQueumbre
SsTy} ‘UuazjJO FSOW ‘“SWwT} STY Fe SUOP oq OF SpseuU 7eYUR TTe st
auOp useq sey ey} HhuTyserTjer ey OU TO TayAYM eqTIosep oF}
pesn ontea aSIVd IO gnuL ueatoog e ST Jueumbie ajeTduoD euL

"Tensn se MOPUTM oTTAUA
ayy O03 Ob TIT butAspuez [Te useyL_L “e}eIS HuTYyserTjet—uou syt
0} MOPUTM 94} 2e10RSST OF peTTeo ST aUT NOT STY ‘MOpUTM STY4

IoJ Hutyserjexr paepssu ay [Te euop sey werboid anoA 128RjW

"poysetjet eq 0} peau zeyR pue paTeaaer ATjUaDeT aTeMm
yey seazTe asoyu} OF Sq T[TM MOpUTM MOA UT FYHNOIM 3q [[TM
yeu butmezp ATuO oyW ‘ajeJS YSeTJeT syy UT ST mopuTM ANOA

STTUM ‘ees YSeTjaerT [Tetoads sy} suthbeq YyOTYM
/()ysarjeyutbeg 0} [TRO e& HUTMOTTOF peT[Teo ST FI “MopuTM ANOA
Jo 03e4s YyseTjeI [Tetoeds ey} Jo yno NOA sqeb uoTtzoUN;S sTuyL

NOT LONNA
0d OW
(azeTduod ‘MOpuTM) ysSerTjoeypugq
SISdONAS
MOPUTM 3y} JO 33e4S YSeTjel peztutqdo ay}, pue --— yYserjoypug
aWWN
yserjeypuy

65

onenbus OF aepou ey — spou
Iapesy enenb weyshs ayy OF AajzUTOd e - ASTT
SLONdNI

Ajtizotid Tenbs Jo sapou A0ojZ aenanb

OJIa eB DOUaH *A4trOTAd TSMOT e& YYTM apou ASITJ oy jo
UOT} UT pe PISSUT eq [T[TM Sepou MeN ‘pe zTOos ATAZedoid 4STT
au desy [Tt™ 31 —— Aqytzotad aepou ayuy uo peseq poutojisad

ST WlasuTt syL ‘onaenb ueysds e OUT spou e puedde Io 7IEsUI

NOIZLONNA
TW OW
(epou ’4ySTT)enenbug
SISdONAS
enenb we3sds e 07 epou puedde AO yZIesuT —— snoenbug
aAWWN

ononbugq

()azepdnutbeg y sirekeT
OSTW gas

‘aqzepdn [Tetyied e AZSTJoer 07f 4ST Tebeured syy

asn(pe dtTo 03 suotjounjJ uoTher TeyqQo ey esn Aeu nor -aqepdn

Tetyied e butyeu ATuo are nod FT O=beTJ esn “HuTt[ tT} szeAeT

piepuejs STYy 03 WUTOd 03 SqoaYdTTD ey} e10}SeT 0} SUTRNOT

sTuy sTTeo ay ‘/emmjotd sty umerpet sey Toumwerboid ay} TeqjW
NOILONNA

‘peTPaeTO ST ASTI obeurep oy “[InjJsseoons sem ojyepdn JT anuL =belz
take[T e 03 ATaqzUTOd = T
SLNdNTI

Oop oF
( bet} ‘T )e7Vepdnpug
SISdONAS

“Teurou of APT
JO 93e3S eT0}SeT pue YSTT ebewep saoweI —— 3 }epdnpug
AWNWN

27 epdnpug

66

ueaTOOg — ssaoons

SLINSAY

eTpuey eTT} e OF AequTOd JTadDq — yndzno
aTpuey eT} e OF AaquTOd Tddq — ynduT
butr34s pe}euTUIa}-[[Nu e jo Jaejoereyo 4sITj Jo sserzppe — butz,Spueuwuoo

SLNdNI

°":5 UT RUesezd oq 4snu NnYu:D werbord ey YOM OF pueWWIOD STU IOJ
‘pueuwliod ITOUNA ey3 butsn Aq pe jeutuse} oq ATUO UkD MOPUTM ITD MoU

STUL “3ndjno JOJ MOpUTM sures BY} aeSn [[TM pue ‘/MOPUTM MOU |YA WoT;
spueullod peeI [[TTM IID eyUL “O1eZ 0} Jos aq PTNoYS aTpuey STTJ yndyjno oy
‘oTpuey @STTJ Yndut oy se MOpUTM MoU e OF HuT}eTeT eTpuey aTTj e ssed
pue ‘6utz3zspuewuco Ajdue ue YIM ayndexg [Teo pTnoys nod ‘sty Op OL
“uOT}OUNJ ITOMEN U3 YTM pej}eetoO ssoyj aeyT{T 3snf{ sseoord 11D
@ATIORIOUT MOU eB d}eeTD OF poesn oq OstTe Aeul uOTJOUNJ |yNd9xY SUL

*“MOPUTM jUeTINS e aaey ATTeulIouU WOU Op YOUSEqYIOM sy TJepun

Butuunr swerboid jey} e}ON ‘pesn ST ‘yx se petTytoads A[T[Tewrou ‘mMopuTma
quazammo ayy /O1azZ OF 4OS ST eTpueYy SeTTJ 4yndyno s9yA JI ‘peTytoads sem
UOT}OeITpeI sseTuN weer3s yndyno ATeyy se spueuMlod [TD ey Aq pesn

oq [ITM pue peptaoid oq 4snu aTpuey eTTJ yndyjno ayW ‘’seseod ysou UI

‘poyoeeaz ST eTTj-jo-pue [Tun eTpuey eTTJ yndut petjtoeds sy} worj

peel st yndut juenbesqns /pewrojied st Hbutzqyspueumoo (T[nu ATqtssod)

au} teqjye ‘OXezZUOU ST aTpueY eTTJ 3ynduTt ayy JI “umMJeT useyy pue
Hutr3Spueuwoo oy} UT pe ysenber sem JeaazeyM Wiojted [[TmM puewuoo FLNDAXg
ou eseo STYQ UT pue ‘oraz aq AT[euwtou [[TA eTpuey eTTJ ynduT syuL

“uOT{OSATpUT YndyAno pue yNdUT HbuTpNToOUT

‘TTD e Qe ATROSeATp adAR pTnoo noA Rey AnduTt pttTea Aue utequoOo ued
Hutrz3s ITD SUL “3T ayNdexXxe Of SjdueR} je pue ‘SjusuMbre pue pueURICo
IID eB SeTjytoeds zeyR (butr}Spueumos) Hutr}s e saye} UuOoT}IOUNT STUL

NOILONNA

SISdONAS

€d cd Td od
( and3no ‘3nduTt ‘butz4Sspueumoo )ayndaexg = sseoons
pueuos [JD eB ayndexa —— aqNdexyg

AANWN

eqnoaxy

a
eo)
<

ueasTOog — sssoo0ns
SLINSdAY

YOOTA OJUT eTT}F e JO sseippe — Yoo ToyuleT ta
YOOT eB OF TaqzUTOd Iddd — YOOT
SLAANI

‘STIR YI JT oFez Jo apoo uimnjer e SseaTb ouTuexg

(-uRBUDOTIW [Teo oexe ey} uO STTejJep JeyyMJ Joy ,oexg +: Tenuew
aouerajey TeuTey Wow ebtuy, eyj ees) ‘weuldoTTW esn nok JT 5 ut
STU} ammsue ueo nox ‘poubTTe—p1ombuoT eq ysnuUl YOOTMOJUTSTTA *240N

-Ki0}0a1Tp IO ATT} e ST FT TeyEYM pue ‘azep UoCT}RETD ‘oezTS ‘oureU
aU SOPNTOUT UOTJeULIOJUT STYL “YOOT Syz YFTM paezeToOoSsse A10jOe1Tp IO
OTT} ayy butursoucd YyOoTOJUISTTA Sy} UT uCT}eULIOJUT UT STTTF ouTuexg

NOILONNA
cd Td 0d
( yOoTqojuleTta ‘yYOoT )eutTurexg = ssaoons
SISdONAS
YOOT & YIM peyeToosse aTTJ To AtojJOSeTTp eB SUTUIeXS —- oUTWeXY
aWWN
ou TUeXY

‘poubtTe-prombuocT oq 4snu YOOT_OJUIeT TA SuL
GLON TWIOddS

ueaToog — ssedons
SLTNSAY

YOOTC OJuT S{TT}F e OF} ToequTod — YyooT_osuleTtd
YOOT e& OF TaquToOd Tqdq — YOOT
SLNdNI

‘AIOVWOSATTp e ST
4I ueyQ /aaTtqtsod st 3T Jt “oeTT} e st qzoelqo we3zskS aTTF ayy usYyy
‘aaTyebau ST 3T JT :SentTea OM} SPY YOOTAOJULSTTA oy} UT PETZ edAQ SUL

“IOJ YXONXG HuT[Teo yRIOm st yotym ATOJOeSITp

e@ IO ATT] & ST AT TSYRSYM NO PUT OF SUTUeXY WoT]

peumnjeat YOOTHOJUISETTA 8yz JO pTety adA} ey YoodsutT
‘Hututwexe ere nok 7eym Mmoux 3,UOp NOA JT zeyR 230N (FH

“SHIMLINA ANYON ON YOUN OF Tenbe ()ATGOI UT PTey epoo
Zola au YIM STTe}F 3T TTRuN 4xeNxY BHutTTeo deey (¢

‘ouTurexg 0} TTVO snoTaeid ey Aq UT peTTT} YooTsoyuleTt4
au} pue AIOJOSITP ay} OF pezeTET YOOT ey 3XOENxa ssed (Z

‘ouTuexe 0} Yystm nod AIOjeITp
ay} yhoqe YOOTEOJULeTTA e Web oF SuTWeXY espn (T

:KIOYOSITp e& oUuTUIeEXS 03 Sdajs ese} MOTTOT

SHIMLINA AYOW ON YOuNd

suinjer 4T /Arque 4seT ey} Teqyye SOYSTUTJ }XONXY USM “ounTTeF e JO
asneo jOeXxXe oy} UO UOT}eUIOJUT aTOU eATH Aeul ZeYyR epoo e SpToOY ( )TTGOI
‘zaaomoH «4° AIOQVOSITp oyy ut ATQUSe YSeT ey buryoeezr st ain[tTej AOJ uoses1r
auUQ0 ‘uOSeaI aUIOS TOJ STTeJ FT JT O19Z JO yspoo UINjor be SOATD 7XOeNXT

-AIojOaITp ay ut Arjue HuUTMOTTOJF yoes ynoqe uoTzeulojyut

umnjetI S[T[Teo JUuenbesqns yey, OS YOOTOJUISTTA ayy SeTJTpou osTe
7XONXY “YOOT ay} UQTM poezeToosse ATOJOSAITp ey} UT peroAS A1o0joaITp
IO OTT] YSATJ SYA HhuTuTsouo0o uoT}euTOJUT suTejUOD YOOTEOJULST TA
ayL ‘ouTwexy OF [TRO SnoTaeid e Aq UT peTTT} YoOTAOJUISTTA e pue
‘KlojOaITp e& YYTM peRetToosse ATTensn ‘YooOT e possed st outynolr STyuL

NOLLONNA
cd Td 0d
( YOOTGOJULSTTA ‘YOOT )FXeNXY = SSeoons
SISdONAS
-Xioj,OseItp e ut ATWUSe }xXeU ey} SUTUeXS -- }XOeNXY
GWYN

FXONXA

JabezyUut — spoouimye1z

SLNdNI

-aanjoni4s ssaoo1d

pue ‘/3ST[T Quoubes /yorjs oy YIM pe zetoosse aords ay} seseeter pue
ssa00id au} sezeTep yTxa ‘sseoorid yoUTISTp e se werboid ey} unr nod jI

‘werboid oeyj wory
apood uinjer ayy se ,epooumMyze1, juoumbre eyQ sjemdzajUT useYyA TX”
"TTD ayy 0} S}TeAeT TOT}UOD pue seYysTUTJ pueUROD 34 ‘ITD eB AJepun

pueulod ve Se IX STTeO 3eYR werboid e uni noX JI °}ou IO ITD e& Tepun
wezboid e Hbutuunz ore nod TayzeYyM uo Butpuedep ATIUeTeJJTp sqoe 4TXY

NOILONNA
Td
( apoouimnzet )4Txg
SISdONAS
we1rboid e WoTy 4Txo -- Txg
SWWN
41 Xa

68

y-saakeT ojyulrekeyesodstq oyulreAeTutyL oyulreAe Mon
OSTW dads

-Jaeaemoy ‘posn are oyuTTeAeyasodstq/men JT Aressaoeu jou ST
ojyuyzeAequtyL ~“ArToueul ayy buteory ercjeq oyuyzeAejurTyL [Teo ysnu
31 ‘amyonz4s ojuyreAeT oeyQ dn aatbh 03 spoou werbord e usyM
‘gamnjonrzjs stu 6utqQeb AoZ poyjeu peaoidde oy st ojyul rahe Mon
‘OJUTT@ALTMON WOT ua} Oh OJuTTeAeT e sey 3T HutyutTuy

ojut ArerqtyT rzeAeT Syy TOO} pue semnyjoniz,s eyep Azressaoau

au} azeooTTReid [TIM ojsuyreAequsez}zeg ‘UOT EDOTTREp/UOT eDOT Te
Azesseoouun Wueaerd Oo], ‘petTTeo are suotyouny Areiqt{T 1TeAeT

jsoul Taaouaym Aroupu ayy JO uoTRROOTTeep pue UOT }eOOTTe

soerltnber Jeuueu oTqezroddns—o*[T e UT STY} Op OL “eanzonITAS

oyu], zaAeT Oy UT OFUT aTOU! aAeY OF poosU ‘UO pue sTeMZFOS [°T Wold

NOITDLONNA
eimjonijs oyuyrakeT 0f Aoqutod = TT
S.LAdNI
oe
(TT oyujreAeJTu9}37e4
SISdONAS

ojujzakey] [°T 0} OjsurreAeT Q°T Weauoo —— ojyujrAeque73e 4
AWNYN

oyu rzaAequs}3e4

‘ppwds
OSTW dds

@UON
sond

zequmu jyuTod—butzeoT}F — eumuyz
LTASAY

zaqumnu yuTod—bHbut}zeoT} — cgumuz
requmu yutTod—bHbut}zeoT}# — Twnuz

SLOAdGNI

-[TTeo uotTjouNJ pezereueb-resn e Aq jou ‘epoo po }ereueb—_raT tduloo
Aq pet[eo st uotzouny sty} Feu 2ION “Stequmu pTes jo ums
OTJoOUNATIe ayy suInjer pue srequmnu qutod—but}eoTy OM} sydaooy

NOTLONNA

od 1d
‘gumuy + Tumuy = gumuz

aOWSN O
sioqunu juTOd—bhut}eoTF OM} ppe —— TppeFs
aNWN

tTppes

69

‘dulods

OSTW das
SUON
sond
Tumujy => gumujy —- WT
’atddS Tumuy > cqumuy — WT
Tumuy =i cumuj — dN
OSTW ddS Tumuy = qumujy — Od
qumuy =< cumuy — dd O
SUON Tumuy < cumuy — LO rt
sond :Sayoueriq HUTMOTTO}J ay yaeTJer OF WoS Sepood UOTATpPUoD e
Zequnu jutod-hutTzeoTy — eumuz LInNSaY
LINSaYd Zequnu jzutTod—butzeoTy — cumuj

iequnu jzutTod—butTjeoTjy — Tumuj

rjequnu jutTod—butjeoTy -— cgumugj

Joqunu 3uTod—butyzeoTy -— Tumuj SLAdNI

SLNdNI ‘[Teo uoT}OUNT pezeToueb-resn e Aq jou
‘gpod pe jerousb_retTtduco Aq peT{Teo st uoTjoOUNJ sTYyA 3eY} BION
-uosTieduiod ptes jo 3[NSser ay} szeOTpPUT OF 3OES Sepoo

‘T[Teo uoTJouNy pezeroueb-tasn e Aq jou ‘apoo po jereueb_-iraq{ tdwoo
UCT}Tpuco ayy SuINjeT pue srequmuU AUTOd—buTzeCTJ OM} SsydaooY

Aq petTeo st uoTqzouny sty} eu 83ION ‘“SiTEquMU pTes JO UOTSTATP
OTJOUATIe SYR SUIN}eT pue sTequmu juTOd-buT}eoT} My sjdaooy

NOTLONNA
NOI LONNA
0d Td
od 1d (--*} (gumuy => Tumuj) JT
‘gunuy / Tumuy = ¢umuz
dOWSN O
sOwSN O
Sapood UOT}Ipuoo ayetidoidde
Sioqunu jUuTOd—buT}eOTJ OM} SpTATp —— TATPj jas pue szequmu 3UTOd—buTzeOoTJ OM} aereduioo -- Tdupj
WYN aWWN
Tdwoj

TATPJ

"punoj jou sem HuTt1r4sS syQ 3eYR SReOTPUT OF OCT9Z
@STe oureu ours ou YQIM epou ey O03 TeqUuTOd e — epou
SLINSHY

TInu yyIM pejeutwre; Hutr4s oureu e OF} JoejUuTod e — oureu
(peddtys st suo sty ‘apou fT)
yorres oy} WIeIS OF} Bpou ASTT e& IO Japeoy ySTT e —- yeIS
SLAdNI

"3ZuTod butq_zej4s epou e YATM peTTeo aq Aeu uoT ZouNJ
stu} ‘buti3s e Jo saouemMooo a{TdTA[NMU puTyJ OL ‘“punojz st
oureu UeATH |yj UFIM epou e [TIUN ASTT weqsdAS e ssTSAeT]L

NOLLONNA

TW OV od

(oureu /37e4S)oWeNPUTJ = Spou
SISdONAS

oureu USATH e YIM Spou 4STT weqsAs e puTy —— oUeNpPUTI
GWYN

OUeCNPUT AY

‘3Tdds
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

ZJequnu jyuToOd—HbutjeoT}F ~— umuy
LTNSdY

Jequnu zebe jut peubts — umut

SLAdNI

‘TTeO uoTIOUNS pexereueb-resn e Aq jou /apoo pazetoueb-TeT tdwoo

Aq petTeo st uotjounjy sty} ey SION ‘“AequmMuU pTeS Jo [NSE
qutod_but}eo[} pe}Teauos ayy suinjez pue Jebequt ue sqydeooy

NOL LONNA

od
fumut (LWYOTA) = umuj

aOWSN O
jutod butzeco{j 4sey 03 Aequmu JohseRUT YeauoD -—- TTF
GWYN

TITFF

A- 71

ySse} oyQ OF TaquTod - yseq
LINSde

buti3zs oureu e of AeqjUTOd — oureu
LAANI

“peumnjet oq TTT {sey

qUeZTINDS 3syj OF AaquToOd e uaATH ST ASQUTOd oureu [[NU e jI
“yOOT TorT}UOD ySe} S4T OF JaqUTOd e umnjez pue ‘oureu uaATb
ou} YUVIM YySe} e TOF sonoenb ysej [Te Yyooyuo TTT uoTZouNJ sTUL

NOTLONNA

TW od

(aureu) yseLputd = yxsey
SISdONAS

J[eseuo puTJ IO oureu UdsATH oyu YRTM ySseQ e pUuTJ —- YSeLPUTd
GWYN

YSeLPUTA

*punoy jou
Jt ofaz Io ‘zI10d aebessaul ayR OF Ta jUTOd e — 310d
NaNLaa

puty 03 WIod 3syW jo oureu — osureU
LAdNT

"peuinjzet oq [TT oureu
STy} HbutTyopyeu ZIod 4saTj eyL ‘ouweu ueaATbh oy} YIM Wod e
IOJ 3ST[T Wood abessou weqshs ay} YyoTees [[TM uoTJouNJ STYL

NOIZLONN
TW od
(oureu)jTOgpuTy = yIOd
SISdONAS

qiod aebesseu weqsAs uaatb e puTy —— WoMputy
AWN

Hogputa

A- 72

UMOUY SUON

sond
OSTW dds
(A’x) se
ZJequnu ued sures aaey jey} SsToextd jusoe(pe [Te [ITJ T
AIsepicq TOF Hutyoress sToextd jyuseoelpe [Te TITJ 0 opoul
dewitq ut o}eUuTpIOCO (A‘x)
Wodysey Of Iaqutod di
SLNAdNI
“suzeqzjed pue sopoumeip se yons soutT nor [[Tj-eere prepuejs
oj ATdde 3eyR sepoul ayy sesn ‘/T[T}J ayy Hutop AT Tenjoe usyM
[I epow (A‘x) 3e aUO sy se ous oY are :e
0 epow uedTOW Se owes oy} JOU are :e
?Koyy FT
sTextd juaoe(pe [Te sT{Tta °(A’x) Je but Are As dewjtg ayy saeyorras
NOILONNA
TP OP cp TP
(A ’x ‘apour ‘di )poota
SISdONAS
T{tyeore exTT Wodyse1 poo[jJ -—- pooTy
GWWN

pooTa

Sond

ANTPATOOLYO}eW
OSIW gas

TION sumnqet ( ,aZISXWW, ‘AeTTWedALTOo} )edALTOOLputd
wai, sumnqezr ( ,wIddWaL, ‘Aet1yedALToo} )edALTooLputa
13X98}, suInqer ( ,AWYNATIG, ‘AetayedALToo} )edALTOoLputd

“ 4+ ° =YICdWaLn
»4XO9=HdALITIA
:3T uT shutr3s om} sey Aerre |adA} TCO} ey} oumssy
ATdWWXd

SNOILddoOxd

*Xer1TyedALToo} ey
uT 3OU ST oureNedAQ JT TINN 10 ‘ourenodA
03 punog eNnTeA 32y ST ey Hutz4s e OF IJa\jutod e — onTea
SLINSAY

Arjue adk}[oo} eyy Jo oureu oy — owensdéR
s6ut1z3s yo Aerzzre ue — AerzryadAL[oo}
SLNdNI

‘ourenedé} zaqye Butrz4s ey} jo ped sy} OF IajUTOd e

A[Tuo st 3nq butz3s ayy jo Adoo mou e jou ST oNnTeA

peuinjer ayL ‘setTqetTrea edd} [Oo} prepueqjs butputz

ZOJ [TnJesn st stu, ‘ATQue 3eyR OF JajzuTod e suInjer pue
Aqjua uaath e roy AerIe adAj TOO} & seyoress uoTIOUNF STYL

NOIDLONNA
TW OV 0d
( ouenedséy ‘Aer1WedA][Too} )edALTOOLputy = oenTea
SISdONAS
aTqetzea adAjToo], e Jo anTea ey} puTZ —— osdALTOOLpuTtd
GWYN
adALTCOLPUTA

73

‘TNWdS
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

aJequnu jutod—butyzeo»[y -— ¢eumuj
LINSdd

Jequmu juTod-butjzeo,Tjy -— gumuj
Jaqunu jzutod—Hut}zeo,[y — Tumuj

SLAGNT

"[[Teo uoTZoOuUnj
poj}ezeueb-1asn e Aq jou ‘apoo pejereueb_-1tet{tduoco Aq peTteo
ST UOT}ROUNJ STYA 2eUR SION “SAEquMU pTeSs jo UOT ReOTTdTRT NU
oTJoeuUNATIe ay} sujet pue srequmu jutTod—buTzeoTJ 0M} sydaooy
NOI DONNA

od Td
‘qumnuj » Twnuy = ¢umuz

AOWSN oO
siequnu jzutTod—butzeoTj omy ATdTATNu -—— TTnwyz
AWWN

TTnwy

SEINSAY
"TOOLIWS IO YSTIDDCTIW Aq peurnzer se
‘ASTT TezoOeTeyO sty} ebeueul OF posn Jepesey YSTTO suL
— 3STTO
SLOdNI
-Aqjdue st WSTYTO ayy Fey eANsus
NOLLONN
OV
(43STTO)4sTIOYsNTA
SISdONAS
AST[T ZaqVoeTeyo e TeeTO —— 4STTIOYSNTA
GWWN
4sTTOYysSnyTA

A - 74

‘passeso0e buteq st 4T se HuTbueyo wory AYSTT oy} qUseAerd OF USEppTqIoj;
SUTRURI FI ‘3STT uoTbaa Aroueul ey} uMOp SesTeaez} werboid sTyy sw

‘()4TuWI98d
{
‘qsata yu <— Ww = [++ }uN0D)]Ss4sITj
} (oong UT*‘epoN yW <— Y= WwW
foong UT*SepOoN YU <— Ww
‘peeH UT ASTTUEN <-— qo (» JepeeHWweW jonz4s) = yu) Ioj
‘()ptqiog

/qunoo AUT

‘ [AZISAWYYW) SISATF YLdY
‘UW, ZOpesHUleW 3ONzAAS
‘qex osegooxy 3oOnrT4S

-weqysks aitjue ayy jo Aq4rtrbseyAuT eyy
seztpiedoal Bburpptqioy yncy}IM S4STT esey} sseoDe OL ‘“USeppTqioy uUSYymM
A[uo passacor aq pTnoys s3sT[T uoTbez ATouPu oexg ‘o[Tdurexs ue sy

*()3TuWdqg 4sSOUlTAaANO 93Yy} TTPO

no& [T}un spou ueppTqioF ey 4TXe JOU TTT nok ‘/syoaejyjye po josodxs
au. «UTM peyseu oq Aeul SuOT}OUNF ossy} JO osn syL “pesn st
uoTjounJ ()3Tudd eyy ‘adeosa OL ‘“uoT OUNJ ()ptqzoqg ey} sTTeo Yyseq
e ‘UeppIqIOJ suWosq OJ, “93e4S USppTqIOJ ey} TejUeer uTebe [TTA

4T ‘TOT HuTAZTeM ST 4T STeUbTS ey Jo suo SaATedeT Syse} ey USM
‘A[T[Teurou wtoyrzed [TTA weq_shs oy} ‘/buTATeM ST ySez SY STTUM
‘a}ze4s uappTqioy syT wory 4Txe Areroduez e set [dur 41

‘uoTQOUNy ()3TeM eUQ STTVO 23eQS UEppTqioz oyz UT HuTuunzr yseqz e USM

‘soTjTiotid 1Teyy jo sseTpieber ‘peyoqedstp oq [TTM

Syse} meu ou ynq /ATTeuroU mMdS;0 T[{TM sydnizre8juUI "aze4S

uSppTqIoy ey} wory sqzTxe TO ()3TeM OF TTeO & suzojied 31 [Tzun hHhutuunsz
anuT}UOD [TTM yse} ANOA ‘/uepptqzoy eTTyM ‘eze4sS buyuuNT sjzT UT
suteuer yse} InNo0k se Huot se Aoj HhutysezTy [nu butTqestp jo

qoeyja Jou ayy sey sTuUL ‘but Tnpeyos yse} eaTyduwerduou butsodut Aq
Ssa00e snoouej[nuts Jo ART{[Tqtssod ayy sa}zeuTuTTe ATeaTOe;Fjo FI
-yse} Toeyjoue WOTJ au} ours ol }e pessadoe eq osTe yybTu yey
Soainjoni3zs pereys butssaooe st yse} eB USsYyM pesn ST buTppTqiog

NOI LONNA

‘()ptqiog
XW.LNAS

“stTseq oaT3dueeid—uou e uo buT[npeyosez yxse queaeid —— ptqioj
SAWN

prqiog

‘bends
OSTW ddS
QUON
sond
Tumuy jo uotqebeu yutod—hutzeoTy — cumuyj
LTNSAY
ZJoqunu jutTod—butzeoT}y — Tumuj
SLAdNI

"TTeo uot AoUNJ
poj}eiteueb_iasn e Aq you ‘apoo pezeroueb-rzettdwoo Aq peTTeo st uotzounN;J
STU} 37eU 23ON ‘9°90 WoIJ peqJoeI}qns useq HuTaey Jaze Tequmu
pres Jo onTea ayy surnjer pue Tequnu qutod_but}eoTy eB sydeooy
NOIDLONN

od
‘qunuj— = zumuj

@aOWSN O
Zaqumu jutTod_but}eoTJ pettddns ayy ezebou —— Tbouy
AWWN

Theuy

79

dewio[oo7e9) yaduyes

OSTW dds

-9sn 0} SI9yJO AOJ SeTqe{Teae apeul st soeds SUL

sond

LINSdAy

dewyIo[oo}e9 YIM po zeocoTTe deW1OTOD oF Ja jutTod deultoToo
SLNdNI

oe

( deuto[oo )dewio[opjee14

SISdONAS
jood Azoupul eetTjF OF

Azoueu umnjet pue ainjzoniz43s dewtoToD ey} ee1jy —- dewio[lopjeely

AWWN

dewrolopjeel 4

‘JngoLIo Aq pewrojyzed ATAToOTTduT sT uoTJoOUNF STUL
Sa.LON

‘pasn aq 03 TabuoT ou ST ey} YSTTO e TOT TORdTLOSEp &
— 4sTIoO

SLAdNI

‘pT[TeVA Tabuo[T ou ere 4STIO ayy OF SaoUeTSyoOY
“sasn 41 saoinoser Aue pue ToORdTIOSap YSTTO ey eseeTou

NOILONNA
OW
(4STTO)4STIDe8eE1g
SISdONAS
ASTTO e deTjJ -— YSTTO9e1d
aWWN
4FSTIN980TI

A - 76

OSTW dds

UMOUY @uOU

sond
SLINSdY
ainjonz3s yst[Taido 03 Jequtod = yst{ado
SLNdNI
qood Azoureul very 0} YSTTAdd uIM}ey
NOTLONNA
(astTido)yastlidjee14
SISdONAS
4st~T teddop aremprey ajeooTTeep --— 4st Tiddeerd
AANYN

ast yaidjse14

O

UuMOUY VUOU

STW dds

sond
Jobeueu Aroueu of pournzer AzoOuSu
SLTNSAY
4astydop ainjzoni3s 0} AejZUTOd = 4sTTdoo
SLNdNI
4STT aeddop styj YIM pezetoosse Arourul [Te sezeocoTTesed
NOTLONNA
(3st{doo) ystyIdopjee14
SISdONAS
ASTT Toddop eRZeTpowrejUT s}zeocoTTeep -—— 4STIdoDseTJ
aWWN
ystTydojsel4

77

soi oni4s

Aqjuquewl UIM UT peTTTy em jonzA3s 03 JeqQuTod -- 4sTTUpU
SLAdNI

"SaTIjzUS 3eyuy [Te seery pue (ATQUMOOTTW

Aq peourmmjer se) aimmyoni4s 4stqupu e sexe} ouT NOT STUL
NOILONNA

Ow
(3ST Turow) ArqUugseL J
SISdONAS

Arourul Jo suotber Auew sory —- Ar}U_ee77
AWN

AqqUugqeer 4

sond
4sTJeerqeory ‘ooelqoystdqzeo
OSTW dds
SNOI Ldgdoxd
SLTINSdAY
ainzoni4s yelqoysta e 03 AezuTOd e —- CqoysTtp
SLAdNI
*()qoefqoystdzeo eTA pezeooTTe Joolqoystd uo peTTeo aq
XINO Aeu arnpecoid styL ‘“3STT eery sqoefqo ayy dn yas oF
peitnber uoTzeztTeTiTUT ayy TTe Jo ated sayez (),oalqoYsTd}eo
‘()4stYJeorjoorTy eTA
pequouetdut st JI ‘“JTeszt qoelqo ayy pue sserjZ OsTe pue
qoaeCqo ysTp youeqyromM e ut AToUPU [[e SeoTJ euT NOT STUL
NOT LONNA
Ow
( Cqoystp )qoelqoystdeeld
SISdONAS
qoefqo ysTp youeqyiom e ut ArouSul [Te seTjZ —— JYoolqoystqee1d
GWYN
qoalqoystqee14

A- 78

buTyjON
OSTW aS

uMOUY VUON

sond
LTINSAY
(butzrejyjnq—osTqnop TOF ANUL OES) AORZeOTpuL AeFJnq—eTqnop = op
qZzrod}sey ZUaTAIND |yW OF TaquTOd = ze
emnzjonzys qoutuy ey} OF AaqjUuTOd = Te
SLNAdNI
toj png png
qJeyoedFndd
sa}eODCTTRep (hutzreyjJnq—eTqnop sjuem Taesn) joes ST qp jT
(Toayjnq owes oO} WUTOd) mopeysebeuly] pue YSeWT [OOD
oUT TIaep1z0g
Tajyyngaaes
:IoJ ATOUPU SsazeooTTeep ‘qouituy syy jo AueuOodwOD Yyora Jo aouanbses yores TOY
NOT DONNA
OP Te oe
> Aq peTTeo se (qp ‘ody ‘qoue)stesjngose14
SISdONAS
sieayjngoye9 Aq ua3z30b Arouou azeooTTeap —-— sirejjngovel4
aWWN

slay jngoeel4

Sond

4styeerappw ‘Aqqjugeery ‘ATAUAOOTTY
OSTYV dds

SNOT Lddoxd
SLINSAY

ammyjoni4s 4ASTYJeeTqA e OF TaQuTOd e — dsaTj
SLNdNI

“4sTYeelq oy UT 4ASTTUEW YSITJ ayy UT
aq ysnu WI /4STT eeTJ OY} UT ST JTES}T YsTTeeTd ey FI

‘UOT}EULOJUT SOU IOJ uoT}eQUcuMoOOp ATUGUBW pue ASTTWEW

29UA 89S *somnqoniz4sS ASTTPeW JO ASTT e ST AYSTYT9°e1d V

“qoafqo zeUuR YUZTA pezetoosse AtoueU ey [Te

suTequoo sty} pue ‘/3zoefqo YyoueqyroM e UT YSTT Serf &
ST olayuL ‘seinjonijs jo satires e UT Aiouweul [Te JO pz
butq3eb6 ATtsee TOJ [nJaesn st FI “FTEsSFT FSTT Serj
au} pue ‘/4STT eerjy e uT ATOuSU [Te SoorTJ OUT ANT STUL

NOLDLONNA
OW
( deTJ )ASTTeeTjeerg
SISdONAS
3STT eery e ut ATOUPU [Te Serj -—— JST TeaeTjeory
AAWN
4STTeerTJoeL4

A - 79

To SeYOOTTW UFIM pesn 319M }ZeUR SENTRA sures |yy osn SAemMTY : GLON

"ZSeYyoOTTW OF TTeo e Aq peReooTTe useq pey 3ey}
aoeds Arousul ey [ood Azouweu saetTj ay} OF suIN oY

NOLLONN
*{Tood Azoupu
Be auy Of peuAINzeT oq OF ST YOTYM aodeds AzOuoU
au} JO eZTS ou SeUTjJep STUL "poumyeir d 1ajutod

ayy ueyM ‘aoeTd 4SITj ey} UT TaqxSeYyooT[W peTTeo
noX yotym yAtTmM AYybtTey pue yypTM Jo senTea sures 9yy

eueTdytq ayQ Jo sqtq uT AYHTey ay} = FYybToEY
oueTdqtq ey3 JO S}Tq UT YIPTM OY} = YRIPTA

ISASeYoOTTW ©} [Teo e Jo y[Nse7

e se pourinjez oords Arououl e Oj JojUuTOd e = d
SLAdNI
TP OP oe
(qubtey ‘yuAptTa /d )raqseysory
SISdONAS
‘tood Aroupul very wejshs ay} O} PoTe po}edOTTe ue eseaTeI ——- Joa seysold
aWWN

As 7Seyoolig

SQYOOTTW ‘UWEWOOCTTY
OSTW aS

soqhkq ut YOOTQ ayy JO azTs ay} — azTseqAq
“auT NOT
uoT}ReooTTe ue Aq peurnjzez ATsnotaeid yooTgAzouru eu JI
aaetj 03 yooTq Arouweu — yoo TgArourw
SLAdNI

Touro 6 4T YOTYM
woIjy [ood ay} 0} 4T butummyer /Atoueu Jo uotber e selg
NOLDLONNA

0d TW
(aztsazhq /yooTgATOuu) weyeei 1
SISdONAS

SHpSeTMOUY YFTM oReooTTRep —— uweWecdly
AWN

UWeWeer 7

A - 80

{T€°°Q0] eery OF AZequmu Teubhts ayy — umn TeubTts
SLOAdNI

‘apoo hut [puey
uotj3daoxe WOT} peetj TO pezeooT{Te eq jou Aeu sTeubts
ONINYYM

"pazeooTTe sem Teubts ay YOTYM UT YySse} oures
ou UT HuTuUuNI eTTYyM pewrojied eq ysnul [Teo sTyYL ~“oesnez
IoOJ 341q [Teubts pezeootTe A[snotaseid e seeTj uoTIOUNZ STUL

NOILONNA
od
(umnTeUubts ) Teubtsae14
SISdONAS

Iq [Teubts e dsolj —-— [eubTSsse1y
GWYN

Teubtseeld

( ) TequUEUPeYoOT TW

OSTW dds

SUON

OUON

sond

LTASAY

‘sopou ey} Aq 03 pajutTod sizejyjgnq Atoueul ayy pue

sopou ey} yyoq butpnqtout ‘Azouewu eyy Jo [Te ynoge

qebroy ATTeeT 0} eanpesocorzd sTyy Quem noA JeyZeYM IO sepou

JequeuBy ey Atuo dn serjy oF JueM NOA Tay zoyM
‘K[Taatyoedser ‘/Hbutqtzosep anuL IO aASTWA OOH Pe = qobz0 FAT Teo

(dauL /‘Adyrequouley? ) TequeuSyYyeeL 7

(dIHO AWHW ‘azZISdnd@ ‘Aeyrequrouly? ) TequeueyoorT Tw
‘TIAN = AdyToqueuey

‘Kayiequevuley, Tequeuey 7on1r3s

:oTdurexe rToj ~° ()TequeueyooTty
03 TTeo e Aq (TIAN ATQtssod) oenTeA sulos
0} eS aq IO TION eq TeYyRTe pTnoys JezuTod sTYUL
aimmyonij4s Tequeuey e 0} JajUTOd e Jo sserppe sy} = Xayrsqueuey

SLNdNI

“T-IT eanbtjy 0} Tejer

‘yab1I0q7 ATTeey OF WUeM NOA jou IO Tey zeYyA oANs you az ,nod jI
“SNM

0} JUoUMbIre RebhrOAATTeey ey} Yes pTNoys NOA /()TequEU_YoOoTTW
0} STTeo TatTree eta peysenber nod siefzjnq ey pue sepou
YUTT aanjonij4s Jequeuby ey YyWOq butTpnTout ‘Kzoueu oy} Te
ynoqe zebr0jy ATTeer OF ()AequeuleyectT, 7yUeM nok Jt ‘’‘1eaAeMOH
-asTvWq 0} qUeumMbre YhAOAFATTeeY eYy ES pTNoys noA ‘sopou
YUTT aanqjonz4s Jequeuey ey} ysnf azeooTTeep OF JueM no& jI

-sZajjnq Aroupul aod pue

Sopou AUTT ayy YROq a}eoOTTeSp TTTA FF 4O ‘Tayzeboy

SUOT}eDOTTe ANOA aT} Fey Sepou YUTT sy Atddns yotym ‘semyonirys
qZequeuey eyy ysnf dn serjJ TITM FI “uot oun ()TequeveyooTTy

au Aq pezeootTte Arourful dn seerzZ uoT}oOuUNF STL

NOILONNA
od OW

(jabroqht Tee ‘ Aoyrequiouly ) TequeuPyee14

SISdONAS
( ) TaquEUPYoOT TV

0} ST[Teo Aq peqeoottTe Atousul ay} sexy -— JequeuR_yee:e1i
GWYN
Jaqueupyeced J

ri
GO

<

()3senbeyoqny /()3Tem /()4senbeysAsptT tng
OSTW 4uS

SUON
song

SUON
LINSAY

‘ammpacoid ()ysenbeysAspting ey OF} [TRO
{Tnjsseoons e Aq pouarnjoer IJequTOd MopuTmM ay} jo Adoo e = MOPUTM
SLNdNI

-()qsenboyshseerq [Teo Zou pTNnoys nod ‘/mopuTm
eB OF TaquTOd e uIN}eT OU PTpP ()asenbeysAspttng JI -*aLON

*Jaqysenbsz sy jo

uoT}e=eID ay UT pesn AZTOuweu Aue soezecOCTTeEp pue Iaysenbse1r eu
spue 4I ‘arnpaoord sty} [Teo nok ‘/Aaysoenbser ayy eaouw!1 OF
quem nod ueym) ‘ieysenber ay} seTystTzes Fey} JUSAD Ue OS Ep
0} MOPUTM 3eYW Jo WIOd ebessoul sy IOJ ()4TeM UPD weirboid
amo uay} ‘/aimyoni}s MoputmM e OF JaquTod e poummyer
()ysenboysAspting JI ‘eanpecoid ()qsenbeysdspTing ey} OF TTeO
[Injssaoons e Aq pezeoottTe Azourul [Te dn soerjZ ouTyNoT STYL

NOTLONNA
OW
(moputm ) #SenbeysdAseeltg
SISdONAS
()3senbeysdsptT tng
01 [Teo e Aq pesn Arousu dn veiIZ —- qsonbeyshsset4
GWYN

qsonboyshseelr4

aytidseaow ‘a}ytaidsebueyD /a3TIdS ep ‘y-aqtads
OSTW dds

‘auTyoeu aqtTaids eTduts azoubt Aewu euTyoew a4Tids [TenqzITA

-(aqtads ay umo ATTenqoe ASyR sseTun ayTAadseerq Jou

Tit Aeuy 2euQ /*a°T) sqreey IATeyW UT sUaZTITO poob aq OF JUeM Op
SouT NOI ssey} esn zeYy swerboid ayy peumsse ST BI *USURAOU

pue abesn aytaids jo saseo a[dults oTpuey Oo} pue oTeMprey

aytaids Jo butreys asea 0} paptTaoid ore seuTynoI a4tids ssoyL

sond

auTYyORW a4yTids Tenjzata Aq esn se [TEM se

aqtadsjay Jo siaTTeo juenbasqns oJ eTqetTeae opeul aytids
SLINSAY

L-0 = yotd
SLNdNI

-asn 0} SIBYQO ACJ eTqeTteae se oytads syreW
NOTLONN4

OP

( yotd )aqytrdseer4

SISdONAS
suTyoeu a3tids

TenqZITA pue srayjo Aq osn OJ aqtTAds uM yer —- a3tadseel4
aWWN
a taidssel4

N

00
<

OSTW das

uMOoUY ouOU
sond

‘TTON == surtdoon<—da

‘TON == SUTITO<-da ‘TIAN == surrds<—da /TInN == surdsq<-—da
SLINSAY

aAnjonIAS YWoO_gMeTA 0} TaqUTOd = WodmeTa
SLNAdNI

AIOUSU WOTJ Wey} e}eOOTTeEep OF ()WeWeeTY STTeoO pue S4STT

iaddop zesn pue ‘aytids ‘1oToo ‘AeTdstp seyorres ATeaTsIMNdsYy
NOILONNA

(q10dmata )S4stIdopTOdAee14
SISdONAS

qZIodmMaTaA e& WOIJ STEpesy ITE

pue Sqst~T taddop ajetpeutezUT [Te e}ecoTTeep —— sysTIdopz10dAae1I
AWN

sqstidopWodAset J

{GT°°0 JO} eeTy 0} Tequmu dezq ay — umndez3
SLAdNI

“apoo but[Tpuey
uoT}daoxe WOT peeTy Io pezeooTTe vq jou Aeu sderzy
ONINUYM

‘pazeooTTe sem der} oy} YyoTUM UT YSe oures
au} UT BbuTuuNZ eTTyM peuojied eq ysnu [[Teo sTYUL ‘“osner
IOJ Jequnu der} payzeootTtTe ATsnotasid e sseTjJ uoTIOUNJ STYUL

NOILLONNA
od
(unnde2z3 )derpeezj
SISdONAS
dei, 1ossas0i1d e vary -—- deijeerg
aWWN
deijoor4

A - 83

‘qnsds
OSTW duds

2UON
sond

Joqunu juTod—butzeoT}y -— Eumuyz
LINSdd

Joequnu jutod—butjeoTy — cqumnuj
ZJaqunu jyuTod—but}zeoTF — Tumuj

SLAdNI

‘[TTeo uoT{OUNT pejeteuab_zesn e Aq OU ‘/apoo pazereueb—TeT tduoo Aq

PeTTeo ST uoTAounNJ stTyZ ey 23ION ‘“SZTequmU pPTeS Jo UOTORITAQNS

oTJouNATIe ay} suInjezr pue szZequmu juTod—buT}eoT} 0M} sydaodoY
NOILONN4

od Td
‘gumuy — Tumuj = ¢umuj

a9wsn oO
silequnu 3UuTOd-buT}eoTJ OM} YOeTAQns —- Tqnsf
GWYN

Tans}

sond
4ysTIeerqeeta ‘yoelqosmooTtw ‘Arqugeery ‘ATUAOOCTTYW
OSTW ddS
SNOT Lddoxd
SLTNSAY
ainjzoni4s 4YSTTeeTq e OF AeQUTOd e -- dseaIj
SLNdNI
“yYoueqyIoM ey} OF Saebueyo yorr4
ueo ey} SIesn TeurejZUT TOJ ATUO paepuaejUT ST BUTINOT STYL
“YST[T seTy sqoaelqo ayy dn jes 03
pertnber uoTeZTTeTIIUT ayy [Te Jo ered sayez () oelqoEMeOCTTY
'()4sTYeerqeerq eTA poquouweTdut st 31 ‘“JTesqt qoaelqo
ayy pue /zoelqo yousqyrom e ut AzOUPU [[e SeeTJ OUTYNOT STUL
NOT LONN4A
OW
( Cqo )q0efqodmMeera
SISdONAS
qoalqo youeqyzom e ut AoupU [Te selTjy —— YoalqodMecer]
GWYN
qoelqogMeeld

A - 84

S@pood UCTFTPUCO 0T089/00089 a4} — SUOCT}TpUCD

SLTASAY
SLAdNI
*quezedsurrzy
soperbdn oTos9 ayeul TTTM Jey} Teuueul e UT Sapood UOT RTpUOoSd
NddD ey Hutute,qo Jo suevsaul e saptaord uotjouny sTuL
NOLDLONN a
0d
()909989 = SUOTRTIpUOoD
SISdONAS
‘Aem aTqtzeduco O1T089 & UT Sapod UOTRITpUCD 4yab —— 90309
AWNWN

00499

‘ASLdS

OSTY dds
OUON
sond
0°O > wnuy — IW
0°O =< wnUuy — Td
0O°O =i umuy — UN
0°O = umujs - O4

:SayourIq HUTMOTTO} eYyQ WoSTjJeT OF Joes Sapod uUuOoTRTpUuoD
LINSdd
Jaqunu jUuTOd—butjzeoTF — umuj
SLNdNI
"[[Teo uoTROUNJ psazersuseb
aJasn e Aq jou ‘/apoo pajzerausb AeTtIduco Aq peT[Teo st
uoT}zOUNF STyy 3eUR SION °(0°Q) OCTEZ JO enTea 9syy
ysutebe uostieduioo e Jo Y[NSseT ay} azeOTPUT 0} Yes Sapood
UOT}IpUuoCo ayy SUIN}eT pue Jequmu jyUuTOd—buTzeoT}J e sydeooyw

NOI LONNA

Td
{-°*} (umuzi) FT

ASWSN O
S@aPpod UOTITpuoo
azetidoidde ey, sjoes pue (09°09) O1ezZ oNTeA
au} ysuTebe Tequmu juTOd—buTtjecTJ 4sey e sareduiood —— 14s}
AWN

Tasay

85

‘(T-— ST pzombuoT) jes
ere saqhq very reddn ayy ‘aTqetTteae st ejep ou jI
‘4STT ZeZoeTeyo oy} jo butuutbeq ey} worzy aqdq aUL

- ayAq
SLTNSAY
“TJQOOLIS IO 4YSTIOOOTTW Aq poeumnjer se
‘4STT TeqZoerTeyo styj obeueuwl OF posn Taepesy 4ST[O eu
— 3STT9
SLAdNI
‘4ASTIO oyW Aq
peqtiosep YST[T Jejoereyo ay} jo butuutbeq ay} wory az4q be 499
NOLLONNA
OW od
(4STTO)TeYyOINI) = 37Aq
SISdONAS
4STT Taqzoezreyo e Jo Hbutuutbeq ey} wory a3Aq e Yoeb —— TeYOIDeED
aWWwN

ATeCYOTOF99

-kjdue jou st 4STTO ey ‘/yQbueTxeu uey} AebbTq sem 4STTO JT
SNOT Lddoxd

-yqbueTxeu uey} Tezeerb
Iaaou St STUL ‘“Taygnq oquT patdoo seyAq Jo Tequmu 9yy
— YpbuetT
SLTNSHY

*Tayjnq Jo ozTs umMuUTxew sy
~yjbueTxeu

“QSTT TeqZoeTeyoO oYyA worzy ezep aqfq au} 10F Aejutod y
— dJayyjnd

“asTIOOOTTW Aq peummjer se ‘4STT

Jayoereyo sty} ebeueul oF poesn Ioj}dtrosep ASTTO suL
— 4STIO

S.LNdNI

“4sTIOeeTq OF Tequeulet ‘pesn oq IebHuoT ou TTT™ AstyITo
oui JI ‘“Toqns osn ‘/perTsep ST 4STT TejJoOeTeYo ey} je yYeed
SATJONIASep—uou e JI “FSTT TeJoeATPYyoO oy ysneyxg ‘“AeFsnq
Kq 0} pequtod Arourwul JO YOOTC ey} OFUT e3ep YSTTO oY} SAOCW

NOILONNA
Td TW OW od
(yqbueTxeul /Zeygnq ‘4STTO)jJn@T9IeD = YpbuseT
SISdONAS
ejep snonbhTRUOoD OF YSTT TeqZoeTeYO e ZTEeAUOD —— FNATIOO
aWWN
JNg1D329

O
GO
<

dewio[tooseld ~adu3es
OSTW g4S

sond
seimmyoniys 1r0y Arousul azZeooTTe youued Jt Qo sum joy
“SONTRA TOTOO asaes OF WOgMeTA 2eyQ OF

poyor}}e aq 02 saemmjonirjs pertnber ey} sezt[TeT}IUT pue sa,eooT Ty

‘9anjoniys deWIOTOD pezt[erzTuT ue 03 AJeqUTod = up

LINSdY

deullo[Too styj AOJ satr,uUe Jo Asequmu = seTIAUS
SLAdNI

OP OP

( sotrzua )deyro[op}e5 = wD
SISdONAS

deullo[OD aztTeTR#IUuT pue azeooTTe —— dew1roTtop4ey
aWWN

deprojptoo7e9

*peumn jer

jou ere (a34q T) spiom Tetyed “(T- St paiombuoctT )
jos ore saqhq om} Joddn oy ‘eTqeTTeae st ejzep ou JI
‘4STT Taqzoereyo ay jo butuutbeq ey} wWorF PIOM SUL

— P1IOM
SLINSaY
"TOOLI¥S TO AsTIDDCOTTW Aq peumnjer se
‘AST[T TaqVoerTeyoO STYyy abeueul O02 pesn Aepesy 4ST[oO euL
— 4sSTIToO
SLAdNI
"4sTTO ayy Aq
peqtiosep ASTT Tajoereyo oy} Fo Hutuutbeq ey} Worf P1OM eB 49D
NOLLONNA
OW od
(3STTO) PIOMTIDIOD = PIOM
SISdONAS
4ST[ TayzoeTeYyO e Jo Hhutuutbeq ey WOT P1OM ke 30b —— pIomMyoz7e9
aWWN
PIOMTNI29

87

sond
qoelqoystdeerig ‘uool 3a
OSTW dds
SNOT Lddoxd
uoTjsenb ut RZoefqo YSTp YyouseqyromM sy; —— Cqoystp
SLINSdAY
qoelqo ey} jo suweu —— oureu
SLNdNI
‘paqeoo[Te sem yey} Arouwpul ay} JO ptr job 0}
stu} Jo esn sayeul qoelqoystdeezq ‘eanzonz4s qoelqoxstd ayy
raqzjye ysn({ peqeooTtTe st amyoniy4s }sTTeeTy Y “YOOTSD UTM
pezetoosse ssoutbunzb 3sy} Jo }SIOM 9Yy WoT} Jounrexbo1id au
SpTetys 3T ynq /uOCoOT{e5 OF AeTIwTs Atoa ST SUTINOT STUL
*()ATGOT eTA
poutezqo oq Aew asInN[TeJ ayy TOF uosesel syL “O1ez uINJert TTT 41
STIR] [Teo euy JI ‘peer oq [TT ouweu 3eYy} JO STTF OFut
auj pue /4T 03 pepuedjsod ,ojut’, eB sAey TTTM ZJajouezred sureu
auUL “ASTP wory ut yoelqo ySTp youeqyromM e UT Speer sUT INO STUL
NOILONN
OW 0d
( aueu )qoelqoystaje5 = CqoxsTp
SISdONAS
joafqo ySTp youeqytom eB UT peer -— joelqoyYsTa7eoD
aWWN

qoelqoyxstajzeod

()sJord}e9
OSIW gas

-SUON
sond

‘Jaqutod saouetajetgq moA suinjeY
LINSAY

“shuT} es soUueTeyoid
TeurejuTtT s,weysks ay worjy petdoo juem no& sojzhq
JO Zoqumu ayy—TeyjngyerTq AnoA ut sayzAq jo AJequmu 9eYyW = e2Z2TS
‘sooudTejetTg uOTRINVUI sYyy Fo Adoo
amok aajtaoar 0} Teygnq Arousul ay} 0} TayuTod = Ieyjndjeird
SLAdNI

‘agimjond4s saouetTejJotId ayy jo suios

k[uo jo Adoo e butyez Aq pey oq ued ey} UOT}eATeSUOD ATOUU
aU} eeRITIOey 0} ammjonzys ayy Jo do} ayy Aesu pedno1b

udeq SAPY SE2TQeTIRA SeodUeTAajJaTd JUEUTPIed SOU SUL

‘ammjoni4s seoueteyetg ayy jo Adoo TetzIed e aye} 0} TebeT ST FI

‘soaebtuy

osn 3OU SZ9Op 7eUy qZUsWwUOTTAUS Ue UT soousitsjoid dn—31e34S
eau} eq OSTe pTNnom ssayL “pesn ore 7eUy soouetejoid oy o1e
asou} ‘/punoj ST a[TjJ seouetTejetdg ou jI *pouedo 4SITjJ st 4T
usYyM Se8SN UOTRTNAUL 3euy 29souy 21e soQ0uetejeridg 4y[Tnejseop euUL

‘qZuoumbire

azts ayy Aq petytoeds st petdoo juem nod sazhq Jo Tequnu oUL
‘Ajytoads no& tJajyjnq ayy OUT ezep oy} SezTIM FIT ~e3ep
soouaTejelg }[Nejap uotzINnqUI ey jo Adoo e sqeb uoTjounsy sTyL

NOTLONNA
0d OW
(aztg /Tayjngjoerd)sJerdjadzeo
SISdONAS
soouaerejetld }[Nejap uoTzINQuI eyQ jo Adoo e yeh -- sjeIdjedqeo
GWWN
sJeitdyjedqyeo

88

sond

OSTW dus
SNOI Lddoxd
‘papssoons [Teo sy JT OTez—uou —— sn}ze Ws
SLITINSAY
4STTeeiq e 03 TejuTod e —— seaIj
qoaelqoysta e oF TeqjUTOd e —- UOdT
qoelqo ayy jo oureu —— oureu
SLNdNTI
autynorz

STy2 Jo peaqsut yoelqoystaje5 esn 0} pebernoouse ere siesp

*()arTqgol eta

peutTeyqo oq Avul SINTTeJ oy} TOJ uosear oyL “peumnyzer oq
ITT Of0z e /STTeJ [TRO ayy JI “FT OF popuedzsod ,ojuT’,,
@ UJIM Jeqouezed oureu oy} eq [TIM eTT}F OFUT |yy JO oureu
STTJ SyUL “FSTTeeTZ petytoeds oy uT perojs pue ‘pozeooTTe
ATTeotzewo4yne oq [Tt Arousu [TW ‘“uoT}eutojuT peyzeproosse
S}T pue aanjonijs jyoelqoystd e UT spear suT Ano STYL

NOLDLONNA

cw TW OW od

( aeaery ‘/uUOOT ‘oureu )UODTIeD = snjzeqs
SISdONAS

YSTp worj aammyjonizys qoalqoystd e UT pear -- UOdT~eD
AWN

UO0dT329

HuTUION
OSTW aaS

UMOUY SUON
sond

ASIWd eSToe ‘/[n}Jssaeoons [Te eTem suotj}eooTTe Aroufpu eyj JT NUL

LINSAY
(butleyjnq—eTqnop TOF ANuL Yes) AoZeoTpuT TeFFnq—sTqnop = OP
qIog}sey AuetTIMS asyW OF AaQuTod = ze
ainjonz4s qoutuy eyy 0} Tajutod = Te
SLAdNI
taj jJngjyng
FEY! dF NA
:azeooTTe (Hhulreyjnq—-eTqnop sjuem Jesn) yes sT qp jt
(TeyJnq ours 0} WUTOd) Mopeysebeuy pue ySeW{ TOD
oUuT TLepsz0g
Iajyjngeaes
:Zoy Arouwpul sezeooTTe ‘qoultuy ayy Jo Wueuocduico yore jo souenbes yore 10d
NOTLLONNA
OP Te oe
9 Aq petites se (qp ‘Wody ‘qoue)sitajyjngo3~)
SISdONAS
qoutuy aiTjue ue Jo siejjng eu TIW a}eooTTe OF sydueqzje -—- sioazjzngdd}ed
GWYN
sIajyjngo ey

A - 89

( )sJeTdjedqed
OSTW das

SUON
sond

‘Iaqutod seouetajeigq anok jo Adoo e summnjey
Lmnsdd

‘shut}3es soUeTEJoerd
[TeurajzuT s,weysdhs ay} wory petdoo juem nok say\q
Jo Zoqumu 9uj—TeyJngjetd aAnoA ut sajzdAq Jo Taqumu ayy = 922TS
‘sqoUeTayetig uotT}InqQUy ayy Jo Adoo
amo aataoar 03 Aayjnq Arourul esyZ OF TequtTod = Jeyjngjerd
S.LAdNI

-9mmjoNnIWS saeoueTejetIg sy} Jo sulos

Ktuo jo Adoo e bHutyez Aq pey oq ued 3eY UOTReATESUOD ATOURU
BYU} SAeRITTORJ 09 arNQoNIAs eyQ Jo do} ayy azeau pedno1rb

useq aaeyU SaTqetieaA seoueTejetg JueUT Ied eToOU SUL

‘9amnjoni4s seouetajetg ayy yo Adoo Tetzred e aye} OF [ebeT ST FI

“qQuoumbie

aZTS ayy Aq petytoeds st petdoo juem nod sajAq Jo Aequmu aUL
‘Ajtoeds nok zajyjnq ayy OUT e}ep Sy} SOzTIM pue ejep
Soouatejeilg UOTINQUT YUeTIMD ayW jo Adoo e sjaeb uoTIOUNJ sSTUL

NOTLONNA
od OW
(eztg /‘Layjngjorid)syerdze9
SISdONAS
saoUaeTajeIg UOTINUI eyy Jo HuTjWes queTIMS ey web -—- sjferdjey
GWYN

SJeId}e9

YIOd}Tem ‘HbswAtdey ‘bswand
OSTW dds

"OIez uIN_eT ‘Sebessoul CU ore sT3sYyy
JI ‘eTqe[TTeae aebessoul WSAITJ oy OF AoQUTOd e — obessou

LINSAY
qIod ebhessoul TaATe.e1 ay} 03 AaQUTOd e — yIOod

LAdNI
"31 HswA{doey Aew At ‘abessoaul
24} YIM PEeUuSTUTJ ST TeATS0.aeT aYyQ UdeaYM “pesnel aq Of se1Ij
mou ST abessou ay zeyQ ATdut jou ssop abhessoul eyQ Hutz 3e9
‘q10d uaatb Aue TOF HbutytTes
yseq} auo aq ATUO ued aTAYL ‘“UOTJOUNJ BIOCgG}TeM SYUW OSN IO
yIod ey} OJ petjtoeds Teubts ay} uo 4TeM UeD AT ‘/abessou e
IoOJ 3TeM Ysnu werbhorId e JI ‘oraz uUIN_ZeT [TT uoTIJoOUNJ sTuy
queseid jou st ebessoul e JI ‘TPM WOU [TT[TM UOTIOUNT STUL
"310d ebessoul dy} WOTJ pedAouwI ST obessaul poaTooel aul
‘wsTueyoeul HuTatedei abessoul HutAdoo-uou /j4sej e saptaoid J
‘yiod aebessaul ueaATb e WOT} abessoul e SeATSaDeI UOT OUNJ STYUL

NOILONNA
OW 0d
(310d)bsyqe9 = obessou

SISdONAS
tod abessoul e worjy ebessoul 7xeu yob -—— Hspje

GWYN

bsyw3e9

A - 90

a311dSs3e9 ayTAdseaoW aytadsabueyo aytidseerq y°aqtads
OSTW Has

Sond
‘Iequmnu 9oytids eyy sumer ‘/[NJsseoons jI
‘aanjonzAs aytadsatduts ey. jo Arjus ,umu, eyy UT [T[T} pue

pezeooT[e WI syreu /uUOT}eOOTTe AOJ eTqeTteae st aqtids ayy JI

"T-— umyer ‘/atTqeTteae aie saqytids ou JI ‘e4tids 3xeu
ayuq a zeooTTe ‘T— st yotd JI ‘T- uammyer ‘/poezeootte Apesizrte st

a}tids ay} JI ‘eytads oyQ azedoTTe 03 sydueqje ‘/-0 ST ¥oOTd JI deprolopse1y deWIo[oo7eD PaDUPeoT paouyes
SLTNSAY OSTW dds
‘“auO 3xeU ayy sjUeM ysn{ Joumrerboid JT [- sond
L-0 = yotd
‘aamjonij4s a4tidsatduts sroumrerboid 03 313d = ae tads petytasn(€ qybtz unb ated sztq F onTea gdy auomMN uiInzeY
SLOdNI AzjuS prTea ou JT T- sui joy
LTNSdY
“auTYyoeu o3Tids aTduits 03 s{[[Teo TeyZIN
Hbutsn ailojeq auop aq 4snu stu], ‘“Tebeuewu aytads adults ayy UAT deulroToo oWUT xepuTt = ArjuUa
asn azeatid 1z0J saqtids WybTa ayy jo suo azedOTTe 03 S37duPzWW aimmyoni}s deyzo[op 0} Ja zUTOd = deultoToo
NOIZLONNA SLAdNI
OP oe OP od OW od
( yotd ‘aqtids )aqytaidsjey = rzequmn 9341T1dS ( Arquo ‘dewzojptoo )P7qdu7eD = onTeA
SISdONAS STSdONAS
* rabeueu
aqtids atduts ayy Toy o4tads e yb 03 AdusqyQe —- azTIdS7e5 dewiojtop ut Arzue Jo antTea erztnbut — 7adYIedD
GWYN GWNWN

0@311d$}29 panded

91

OSTW 44S

3UON
sond

Jequnu yutTod_butzeo[jJ uotstoeid—sTqnop gaaI - Twmuj
LINSad

Iequnu jutTod—Hut}eo[j uotstoaerd—e[Tqnop aAgqgaI -— gumuj
SLAdNI

*IJaqunu ptes Jo oenTea ayntosqe suy
suinjerl pue Tequmnu jutTod—-butzeoT} “d'd SaaI ue sqdaooy

NOITDLONNA

Td/od Ta/od
{((gumuj )sqvddaaaI = Tumuj

a5vSN oO

Iequnu juTOd—buTzeo[}J uotstoeid
eTqnop gqdgI ey} Jo enTea syNTosgqe sy, uTeyqo —— sqvdddddl

AWN

sqvdddddl

Sond

OSTW dds
SNOT Lddoxd
uoT}senb ut yoelqo youeqyr1om ey —- qoalqo
SLINSAY
qoefqo ayy Jo oweu —- sureu
SLAdNI
*youseqyIomM oy} 0} sebueyo yorz}
ued 3eU} Siasn Teue,UT AOZ ATUO popuseqUT ST SUTANOT STUL
*()ATIGOI PTA
peutezqo oq Aeul emnT Tey ey} OF uoseel oeyL “O1ezZ uIN}JorT [TTA FT
‘STTe} TTeo ayy JI “peor oq [TTA oureu 7eYW JO STTF OFuT
au} pue /4T 03 popuedysod ,ojut’, eB saey TTT Jejouered suru
sUuL ‘“YSTp wory yoelqo youeqyiom e UT SpeeT SUTyNOT STUL
NOTDLONNA
Ow od
( ouweu )30eCqodM}e9 = aldo
SISdONAS
qyoelqo yousqyrom e uT peer —— yoelqodMIed
AHWNWN
302 [q0dM729

A - 92

OSTW ddS

SUON

sond
(oO = 31[NsoeYy TeuOoTROUN) cumuy = Tumujy —- asta
(T+ = 31[Nsoy TeuotT oun) cunuy < Tumuy - Jd
(T- = 31[nsey Teuot_oun]) gumuy > Tumuj — LT

:Seyourrqd HUTMOTTOJ SuQ sTJeT Of Joes Sapod UOT FTpuoD
LINSAYd

aloqumu jyutTod—butyzeol[jy uotstoard—seTqnop gagqI — gumuj
raqunu jUutToOd-HuTj}eOTJ uoTSstToerd—sTqnop qgadI — Tumujy

SLAdNI
-uostieduoo ptes jo 4[Nset ayy JO TOJeOTpUT Ue se
3[Nsaer TeuoTAOUNJ AaehszuT oyR pue YOO ey} summyer pue
siaqunu jUuTOd_buT}eoTJ UucCTSsToazd—eTqnop gAgqgI OM} sydaoow
NOITDLONNA

ed/za_ d/oa
{--°} (Cgumuy ‘Tumuyz)dupgaagagar) Jt

dOWSN O

IOJVOTPUT SNTeRA SATReTSeT e UINJeT pueR
siequnu juTOd—buTt}eoTy ‘d’'d AHI Om} oreduioo -— dundagagagl

AWN

dunddqaaat

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

qequnu jutTod-HhutTzeoT}F uoTsToeid—eTqnop gqaaI — Tumuyz

LINSAY

zequmnu jUutTod-HuTzeoTJ uoTsToeid-seTqnop agaI - eumuyz
zequmu jutod_HutzeoTJ uoTsToserd-seTqnop agaI - cumuyz

SLNdNI

-siaqunu ptes Jo wns OTJouNyATAe 9sYyy
summjei pue szrequmu jutod—butzeoTsy “d°d dagaI OM4 sqdac0y

NOIDONNA

ed/za td/oda Tda/oa
‘(gumuy ’zumujy)ppwddaaal = Tumujz

SOWSN O
siaqunu juTod_HutzeoTJ uoTSsToerd—aTqnop gaaI OM} ppe -—— Ppwddaaal
SAWWN

PPWdddddI

A - 93

OS'IW dds
SUON
sond
qequnu jutod_butzeo[Tj uotstoerd—eTqnop gqaaI - wmuj
LTS
Jequmu tebezut peubts — umutT
SLONdNI

‘Jaqunu ptes Jo 4[NseT juToOd_buTWeoTJ uotstooeid
aTqnop FAI pe zeauoo ey} surnjzet pue TebeqjuT ue sydeooy

NOIDLONNA

od Td/oda
‘(umuT)37TdddgaaaI = umuj

aOWSN O
qutod_but}eo[} ‘d‘d AaaI 0} Jequmu tebezuT Weauoo —— 4Tdddagal
aWWN

4 Taddddd I

OSTW dds

OUON
sond

qequnu juTOd-HuT}eoTJ uoTsToerd-eTqnop agyaI - Tumugj
LTASAY

qequnu jutTod—butzeoTJ uotstoerd—-eTqnop agaI -— cumuz
joequnu juTOd-HuT}zeoTJ uoTSsToeid-eTqnop gqaaI - cumuyj

SLAdNI

‘slequmnu pTes JO UOTSTATp OTJoUyATIe sYyy suANzet
pue siequmu jutTod—bHbuT}eoTJ uoTstToeid—seTqnop qaaI omy sjidacoyv

NOIDLONNa

¢€d/za_ 1d/od Ta/od
‘(gumujy /gumujy)[NWddaaaI = Tumuj

aOWSN O
siloqumu jUTOd-HuT}eoT] UOTSToOerd-eTqnop qyaI OM} epTAtp —— ATddddddI
aWWN

ATddddddI

A - 94

OSTW dds

OUON
sond

qoqumu juTOd_bHuTyzeoTJ uotstToeid—eTqnop qgaaI — Tuwmuj
LINSaY

qoqunu jyuTOd_buTtzeo[TJ uoTsToerd—sTqnop FaaI — cumugj
SLAdNI

0°0 Worjy pajzoer3qns useq Hbutaey TezZjye Tequmu ptes jo enTea
au} suInjexr pue Jequmu jyuTod-HutzeoTy “d‘d agaI ue sqdeooy

NOILONNA

Td/o0d Td/o0d
‘(gumuj )5beNddgggI = Tumuj

dOWSN O

Jequmu zUuTOd—buTjeoTF
uoTstoaid—aTqnop gaaqI pettddns ay} ezebeu -- PeNddsagI

AWWN

benddsaagI

OSTW ddS

SUON
sond

qequnu jutod_butzeo[j uotstoard—eTqnop gggaI - Tumuj

LTASAY

qequmu 3utTod-futyeotT} uotstoaid—eTqnop aaaI -— eumuyz
iaqunu jutod—-futjeoty uotstoaid—eTqnop waaI -— cumuyz

SLNdNI

‘szequnu ptTes Jo uoTReOTTdTA[Nu oTJoUYyATIAe SYA
suInjei pue sxequmu jUTOd_HuT}eOTJ “d’d AAAI OM} Sydeooy

NOTDLONNA

ed/za t1d/od Td/oda
‘(gumuy ‘gumujy)TNWddaaal = Twnuz

gaOwSN oO
silequnu juTOd-bHut}eoTJ uotstoerd—esTqnop AqaqadI OM} ATdtzTnu —— [NWddssyI
GWYN

TnWddddd 1

A - 99

OSTW ddS

SUON
sond

(Oo = 31nsey TeuoTROUNT) O°O = uUMUZ —- AST

(T+ = #1nsey TeuotjounT) O°O < umUgZ - LD

(T-— = 31nsey Teuotjzound) 0O°'O > umuz — LT

:SoyoueIq HUTMOTTOJ ey JeTJeT 03 Yes sepood UOTFTpPUOD
LTNSAY

daqumu jutod—butzeoTjJ uotstoerd—sTqnop gqagI — wnuj
SLAdNI

‘qUeTOTJJe aTOU Yonul ST epoo
SUTT-UT a}ereUuebh 03 stsoeyquered uTyyIM AT}OeTTp Jequmu HuTsn * ALON

"0°O anTea ayy ysutTebe uostieduiod Jo 4[NseT ey} Jo 1O}eOTpUT

ue se }[NSeZ TeuoT}OUNJ Tebe jut ayy pue YOO sy} suINjer pue

qaqumu juTod_Hut}eoT}J uoTSToerd—eTqnop ggaI ue sqdeooy
NOILONNA

Tda/oda
{--°-} ((umuj)3SLdqGaga1) JT

gaowSn oO

IOJLOTPUT SENTRA SATReTeT e UINJeT pue Q'C eNTeA sy
ysutebe requmu jutTod—butjyeolj “d°d aMaI ue ereduiod -- 4S LddaddI

GWYN

4S. LdddddI

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

Jequnu jutToOd—buT}eoT}J uotstoserzd-oTqnop gqagqI — Tumuj
LTINSdd

tJaqumu jutToOd—HutjZeoTJ uotstoeid—sTqnop gqagqI — cumuz
Zequnu jutod—Hutzeoljy uotstoaeird—seTqnop gqgaqgI — cqumuj

SLNdNI

‘Siequmu ptes Jo uotzoeIWQnS OTJoUTyATIAe ayy
suinjer pue szequmu jutTod—butWeoT} “d‘'d AMHI OM} sqdaDoy

NOLLONNA
€d/zaq 1d/od Td/oa
/(gumujy ‘zgumujy)qnsddqgaagI = Twmuj
qOWSN O
sioqumu
qzutTod_—but}eoTJ uoTsToaeid—aTqnop qaaI OM} YoezAQns —— qnsddgagl
WYN
qnsddaaal

A - 96

‘poubtTe prombuo[, aq ysnui eZeqosUI ey} 3}ON
>GLON TWIOddS

ureaToog -— ssesoons
SLTINSAY

eimyonizs eJeqojJur ue jo ssoeippe — ey,eqojul
YOOT e& OF TaeqUTOd Tddd — YOT
SLNdNI

‘poubt[Te prombuoT eq yAsnu eRegojuy yey 9ION ‘“SIOIIa Yjos Aue pue
SYOOT seTJ JO Tsqumu ‘“Y¥STp ay} JO azTs sy} ynoqe UOT ZeULTOFUT YITM
ammjzonizys eYegojul ayy suINyjet OjJul “ySTp ayy uo aTT}F Aue JO ‘Y¥STp ayy
O03} Sajal ,YOOT, ‘oSsn uT ystp Aue ynoqe UOT }eULIOJUT 3NO SpUTJ OUT

NOILONNA
cd Td 0d
( eqegojuy ‘YOO, )OjJur = sseoons
SISdONAS
“Y¥STp oy} Ynoqe uoT}eUTOJUT suIN}eYy -—— OFU]
GWYN

OjyUI

‘PTTBAUT ST yIeUl oyQ pue /4STTO aYW JO pua ayy puokaq
yIeU ayQ SACU 02 peyse ysenber ayQ ‘o1az—uoU ST OITA. JT

SNOILddoxd
QST[O Oyj UT ROU ST jaSJJO }xXOeU SYA JT OezZ—uUOU
-— izoiia
SLTINSAY
*suOT}ZOUNJ YST[O OJ
pesn oq ued 4eYyR 4STIO e AOJ A0jWdTAOSep pxromMbuocT e
- 4STTO
SLAdNI

“3STTO 94 UT
azhq 3xaU ayy YTeUl 02 SuOT}eTedO YSTTO AOJ yeu e ZUSUTOUT

NOILONN
OW 0a
(43STTO)yTeWIOTOUL = AOIIa
SISdONAS
UuOT}TSOd }xeU ey OF YTeUl YSTTO e JUSWHTDUT —— YyTeWIOIOUI
GWYN
yTeWIOLOUI

A - 97

yu’ xyb

OSTW ddS

“UMOUY DUON

sond
dewatd sty} TOF [Te (smMozr) szIq Jo Aequmu = AYbTEeYy
dewitd stu Toy optm (suum[oo) s3tq jo Aequmu = YU APTA
aaey [T[TM deuntq styy 3eyQ seueTdytq jo requmu = yydep
(y°xJ6) aammyonizjs depatd e 02 AaqUTOd = uKq

SLAdNI
* pepua xe

se [Tem se ‘pepsou JT pojeounz3 oq Aeul WI YeYQ OS |9INQONIT4sS
au JO pue ayy ye 43nd sem aTqe} souetd eyL ‘“TeTTeo eyW Aq
dn 32S aq 0} poouU pue pozITeT}IuT jou ore [gjseuetd eUuL
“S[TTeo sotyudezb z9yjO ut dewitgd Jo osn alojeq pesn oq 4sSnW
‘qyhHtey pue /yApTa ‘/uqdep ynduTt AoaTjer AT}OeTIOD

0} emnjoNnTAS dew;ytg ey UT SjUSURTS SNOTIeA SOZTTeTIIUL

NOILONNA
cP TP OP oF
( qybToy ‘uypTa ‘ujdep ‘uq )dewjtazTul
SISdONAS
sonTea 3nduTt yyTM eanjonz3s deul WIq aztTetytTut —— depytaqrTul
AWN

dewjtaztul

mMeigeory saoweery puyqeery y°yderzb

OSTW dds

“UMOUY SUON
sond

sbe[J pue sazeuTpIOOO aaes OF SzIed OM} O7UT
atTqe} eyy 3ytTds ATTenjoe seutynor sotyderzb HutATAepun oyL

“LON
“MeIGdeovIY pue VAOWeoITY

Aq auop si0}0aa Jo ahberojs uTbeq 03 dn Yes ore si9qUTOd
LINSAY

proy ueo Jojjnq STY} SLO OSA yO aoqumu xeUul SIOVZOVA Xeul

SOOTIAA YaTTOO 03 Arouwul Jo yuNYO 0} JoezUTOd = Tajyjnq
eimmjoni4s OJuleaeTy OF TeqzUTOd = oyu] eary
S.LAdNI

[-— UiN}eT [TIM souTyNo1

ayy ‘aoeds ybnoue jou JI “TIT}J ysebreT ey Jo sjzutod oy} [Te eros

0} eTqe} STUW UT pezecOTTe eoeds yhnouse saey ysnu puyeety pue ‘meiqdeety
‘gaoweory bursn Aq euop sT[Tyeetw “sezAq UT ST OZTs STYL *(S10zDeA xeul)
Sse abiet se sauit3 aATJ eq PTnous (1aquTOd yLoys) Aezznq Aq 0} peyutod
uoTber ay JO ozTs ay “( S10zDaA xeUl) JO azTS eB sey FT YYW Yons
XTIZOU UOTPO@TTOO 10}OSA BY} OJ uoTPeZTTeTIIUT soeptacad uoTIouNFy sTUL

NOTLONNA

Op te oe
( s10}00A xeul ‘x Joyjnq ’y OJU[eaTW )eerTW}IUL
SISdONAS
XTIZPOU UOTIOST[OO IOJOSA SZTTeTRIIUL —— eer ATUI
AWN
eomyvzTul

98

buTujON
OSTW #agS

UMOUY SUON
song

buTujON
LTASHY

PeZTTeTITUT oq OF SAN}ONIAS OJUISTEeD ayW OF AaqUTOd = OjUID

TTe} 3STT TaD Sy Se pesn aq OF OINQONAAS |3TAdSA OY 03 AequTOd = T[Teq
peasy 3ST[ Td) ey4 se pesn oq 073 sAMyoNIAS AaRTIdSA aYQ OF ASqUTOd = peoy
SLNdNI

TINN OF 10}00A LIHYACYO"

ey} sqzes ‘Aezze Arouwul suis 0} sjutTod 10308A IsTpueHTTOO auy JI

4STT BYR JO souczshey ey se Tey}eEbo} sTYD om} asouy syUTT

esegdxjD UT YSTT TaD SYR JO [Te pue peay ayR se soaqtidsa ayy subtssy
NOILONNA

ze Te oe
(OJUID ‘TTR ‘peay)sTaojtul
SISdONAS

STa) buysn eLojyeq peTTeo oq snl /4ST[ THD e SZTTeTWIUT -— sTaeoqtul
GWWN

STeD} TUL

"O1az—UuOU
O} 3@S ST STUQ /3TJ TIT Azoupu jueuPhbeueu [ood
ueaAd JOU 7eUR T[TeWS OS ST peptaord [ood ASTT[O aUy jI

— zoimia
SLTASAY
“soqhq WIT 09 pozTUTT
erie stood 3sTID ‘*‘sazfq ut /Tood ayy Jo azts syL
= azts
*"suoT}#eiaedoO 4YSTTO ayy TOF [ood
ASTI TaVoereyoO ayQ se pesn oq OF ST JeYQ vere eRep SUL
- [OOdTo®
SENdNI

‘sapou ay} [Te JO ASTT eeaTjZ e HuTpTting
pue oimjonizys Tepesy e dn HutjzWes SSaATOAUT STYUL ‘*‘Sepou
3STTO TOF Tood e se asn AOZ ATOuURU JO YOOT ke sZTTeTITUI

NOILONNA
0d OW od
(aztTs /TOOgTO)[TOOd1d}TIUI = Toa
SISdONAS
Tood 4ST{TO e azTTeTRTUT —— ToodIo#TUL
GWYN
[OOdTOFTUI

A - 99

yu’ szaket
OSTW dds

-(uedo) peyootTun szaAeT ay} sayeW

‘szakeT JO 3STT STYQ UO suOoT}etedo JakeT AeyjOo butsn

IO} uotzeredeid ut emmjzonTAS OJuy Ashe] soztlerzTul
NOILONNA

ainjoni4s OyuprTeAeyT 0} AoQUTOd = TT
SLAdNI

oe
(TT) sreAke 1} TUL
SISdONAS

amyjonij4s ojyuy AaAeT SzTTeT,Iul —— sraAeq,Tu]
aWWN

siakeJT UI

HuTYION
OSIW agS

UMOUY SUON
sond

buTyjON
LInSaY

qoutuy ey} 0} TejutTod = Te

SLAdNI

SYSPWITUI STTeo ‘jueucduico ArTeae Jo souenbes Aqiaaae 104

2 Aq peTTeo se

qouwTuy ue Jo syseul ay} [Te SZTTeTFIUT

NOLLONNA
oe
(qoue )syseWO 9 TUL
SISdONAS
—_ syseW TU
aWWN
SYSeWOITUI

A - 100

y’ 3az0dyse2
OS'TY dds

“UMOUY SUON

sond
-quoy uweqshs pzepuejs oy} OF Jes ST UOJ SUL
CAVES = SpoWmMerzd
ur} deUTT/ UedTOW ‘ UedbA’ YSeW
>T— Web HuTMOTTOJ euL
:suotqjdaoxq “4no peorez yeb 4TOG}seYy UT SeTTUe TTY
LINSdY
‘gainjoni4s 4yTOgyseYy be OF AaQUTOd = dz
SLAdNI
‘ylogisey ou} UT TazUTOd dew itd ey dn joes Ysnul Tesn 3Yyy
‘qz0q3sey STYUQ UZIM soTyderb Op OL “pe zeooT ere sieqset sayy
‘Kioueu ut ‘ozaym yYsttTqeyse LON seop 3I “sz[nejyep snotzea
saystiqeyse A[TUO WOG\seyzTUL SuTyNoOT eyy bHuTT Ted * ALON
‘deurjtq e se
qo ,2e4sel,, e se aeToYy OF peTTajer st WoOg}ysey ey} OF pexYUTT st
eu UuOCTROEs AzTOuSU Tenqoe ayy Jo eueu ayy, ~“Atourwu AeTdstp
uaetTos—_uo Tenjoe WUaTAND ayy jo yred e ATZUeserd eq jou Aeul
zo Kew em Stuy ut pesn buteq st zeyQ Atourwul Jo uoT oss SUL
-Kiououl JO uotjoOes e uO pouTojred eq 07 ere suoT}eTedo HuTtT TTF
zo butmerp Aue JeaousyM peoueTejer ST oanjonazys 10d4Sey V
‘OUT Ua}QTIM oq TITs AeTdstp ptetyAetd eTbuts sje Tduco
e MOU SeqTIOSEep smnjoNnIjs WAOGRSeY SUL “A9}SeI STqe—oRTIM
e OJ amnjONISs [OT}UCD e SaeqTIOSep PIodysey yonTASs 3UL
‘SonTea piepuejs 0} omN}ONTAS VIOdGWSeY e SoeZTTeTITUI
NOILONNA
Te
( di )310d}sSeyuzTUI
SISdONAS
ainjonz4s YIod Taser aZtTeTATUl —— yWOdRseYyRTUI
4HWWN

qog}seyzTU

buTYION
Os'IW agS

sond

HUTUION
LINSaa

aimyjonij4s a3tidsa ey} 03 TajuTOd = SA
SLAdNI

‘-A[Thutprzoooe ejep abeut oyy

soTpuey ‘uoTATUTJep qog e ATTenqoe st a3tadsa ayy JT Ssqoeqep ATOeETIOD

aiTIdsa~ ayy JO Syseul YSeWT TOD pue ouT]TIapiog ezetidoidde |yz sazeeID

NOILONNA
or
> Aq peTtTeo se (SA) SYSeWATUI
SISdONAS
aytadsa e Jo syseul YSeWTTOD pue oUuTTAeprog oy} eZzTTeTFIUT -—— syseWzTul
AWNWN
SYSeWa Tul

A - 101

‘asn aelojeq Tequmu useAe 4seTeeUu sy} OF UMOP pepuNnor
ST eZTS ‘HUTZT[TeTAIUT eTOJeq pereeTo you sT ArOUPU
‘olaz ST aZTS JI “STqQeLgTuT eyz eTA WT burztyperyzrut
aIOJeq jI TeaToO 0} pesn st Yyotym ‘ATouoUl Jo eZTS sy} — ezZTsS
“paetytoeds st ozts Jt Arepunoq useAd ue UO
aq ISNW ‘eZTTeTRTUT 03 Arowew ay} Jo butuutbeq ayy -— Azouru
‘aUOp ST UOT}eEZTTeTITUT 37Aq
A[uo ssotun Arepunoq usae ue uo 3q YSNW “YFTM ATOURW
TUT 07 eJep pue spueUMICD ey Jo HuTuuTbeq ey} - eTqeLzTUtT
SLNGNI

‘buoT asn —— AqrTTqtzeduoo 0zZ089 TOF pejroddns jou ULdW 37 HZ

‘pzombuotT auo Adoo 03 Quem ATTeeT nok JT
TOOOTOOO asn -:ueaer4s aeTqeLITUI ey SPpUS ONO00000O PueUMOD SUL

-(gy) Azouru 03 oaTZeTer sAemTe ore SjJesfjJo uoT}eUTASep USATH
‘aqhq uaad 7xeU oY} WOTJ peer sAemTe oe SpueUMIOd aTqeLztTut

-soulT] ([+zZequmu) petdoo st sodinos ay} Weeder
Adoo 0} suleqzt soIMos jo ({[+zrequmu) ey jUNOD
:3eoedeazr TO YUNOD 3sYyQ UUUU

(moTeq ees) LYATY ue asneo [TTT — uouda TT
ayfq }xeu oy} wory ‘974q OT
piom peubtTe }xXeu ay} WoTy ‘piOM [0
Spiom poubT[Te OM} 4xeu ey} WOTF ‘HUCT 00

:Q0INOS VY JO UOCTReOOT pue sZzTS xy SS
qunos st uuuu /19di }xeuU ST JeSjJjo uoT}euTAsep [TT
qunos st uuuu ’a3Aq }xXOU ST FoSFJO uoTReUTASep OT
qeodez st uuuu ‘UOT }eUT Sep }xeuU TO
Qunoo ST uuUU ‘UOT eUTISep }xeU 00

:(azZTs pue) odAj uoT}eUTJSep ey PP

uuuusspp

:SMOTTOJ se poJoIdiajUT

aie s}Tq g asoymM spueuMlod 3a3Aq suTe UCD (aTqeL}#tul )

eJep UOTIEZTTeTFIUT oyL ‘“orez ATTeT}TUT st pue ‘ (ArtouPW)
peptaoid zejutod Azouwul ey OF SAT eTEI ST ‘petjtoads
usUM ‘JeSjjJO eyL ~“pewoddns ere suoTt}euTquoo [Te ON

Huot
OUT | PIOM oe

ayiq eR

3xeu PpeoT

- | AT@eaTATQZEdaz
uaeATbH

‘qasjjo |1z4d1
30uU0

a7hq

O} spueumoo azhq sey oTqe} uoTyeztTTerytut

STUL ‘STQe} UOTPEZT[TeTIIUT SYR UT pepTAoId are senTeA

Jesjjo pue ezep assoym spiom asoyj ydeoxe eere AToupU e ISTO
NOI LONNaA

9T?0-0d ew TW
‘(azts ‘Arowoeul ‘aTqeLyTUT) 3oNI4SFTUIL
SISdONAS

atqe} e wor1y Atowoul ezT[TeTqzIUT -~ onT}S}TUI
AWWN

qonz4S$}TUl

OUON
OSTW ddS

SUON
sond

SUON
LTINSAY

ainjonijs Taysonbey e 0} JaqUuTOd e = Jaqsenbsy
SLOAdNI

“-pubtue ue /Araqsful e ‘oraz

e ‘aq skemTe 0} pooquezenb st pue ‘ST joejjo eTos Sst 4nd
‘SuTeuUeT [Teo uOTIOUNZ STyW ‘ARTTIqQT}eduIodD prIeMyorq Jo exes
ouy AOq ‘eanjzonrWs Aaysonboy e Hbutsn aeTojeq suTyNoLI sTyy

[Teo 0} ZUeUeITNber ou ST sTeyL ‘“sorez YATA emnjons4AS
Jaysenbey petjroeds ayy [[tT} st seop ATTenqoe suTynor sty TTIW

“TTON SP Spxreber uoTIITNAUI

jZeuq sezejS OF JOS aTe SaNTeA ASeYyVO xsyL ‘“SpooU
amoX 3TJ 3eyW sentTea Taysenber asoyq ATuo ut

TIT} poou nod /()zaqsonbey4tul but[{Teo Jezjw ‘“oesn
TelIsueb TOJ ATaeysoenber e sazt[TetATuT uotzouNJ STYL

SPM UOTJOUNT STY TOF 3X} TeuTHTIO SUL

NOT LONNAA
OW
(raysoenboy ) re3senboyy Tul
SISdONAS
ainjoni34s Jaysenboy e ezTTeT}#TUuT --— JZeqysenbeyytul
GWYN
Jaysoenboy Tul

A - 102

*seyduy, auo oereYs plTnoo s7ZACGAseYy JT sotu oq PTNoOM FI “uUMOUY DUON

sond

qIog}sey JO sxasn IOJ aTqeTTeae Jejjnq sexew
LINsad

Jajjnq jo sayfq ut ezTSs = oa92Ts

-Kzoupul dtyo Jo adatd snonbt3u00 e 0} TaqzUTOd = ATezyjnq

yWIod}sey e

OUT PexUTT eq 03 aN QoONIzAs seydu, e 02 Taqutod = seiduy
SLNdNI

“LaF gnq

Jo obesn ayy TorI}UCD 03 pesn st serduy ‘dewitd TeuTJ oy OUT

sotydeib oy} 6ut33nd 03 uotTZerederid ut suoTjertedo a jeTpoulte UT

roy Azroupu awos joeb 03 pesu Aeul }eYQ SoeuTQNOT WIOgGWseY Aq

pesn aq oj dn yas st Aazyynq Aq 03 peqjutTod Azousu Jo eore SUL
NOILONNA

OP Te oe
(azts ‘yy Tayjnq’, serduy)seyduiytul
SISdONAS
3X03 ‘TITJPooTF ‘T[tTyeere

Aq abesn roy AToOuwul TeoOT JO eolre ozTt[erzTul —— seyduy Tul

AWN

seydurytuy

peAor3sep Tw’ow’ 1d’od

ZJoyutod eTqeLzTUl yuermo TW

Jayutod AzoueW }ueTIMdO OW

adAj pueuuoo ‘jesjyo uotTjeutTysep§ [d

RZeodaz pue yuNoo ‘/pueuMiod ‘azTS TeeTO 0d
NOILWLNGWATdWI

A - 103

Y'MOTA

OSTW ddS

-UMOUY SUON

sond

°S,0 [Te 03 YES eaANQoONTAS WO_MeTA
LTNSAY

aIN7ONAAS YIOGMETA e& OF IaqUTOd = da
SLOdNI

“SOnTeA FTNeJop OF sANQ_QoONIAAS YWAOdMETA SEZTTeTRATUI
NOILONNA

oe

( da )320dgA3TUI
SISdONAS

OINAONAAS YIOGMETA SZT[TeT}IUL —~- WOdATUI
GWWN

Woda Tul

Y'MOTA

OSTW dds

“UMOUY DUON

Sond
‘MOTA JO SqZUaqUOD snoTAeId 0} UOCTIUAazWZe OU Shed MOTATUI
-JOJTUOU UO 4YJeT pue doj wory sayouTt ¢° ynoqe AeTdstp }[Nejoep
uotytsod Ajredoid 03 AYeszJOAd’}essjJoxd ut ynd ore sonTea uUsyL
"SQ [Te OF WES sANQ_oONAAS META ‘4SITY
LINSAY
eim}7oNnT,S META & OF TaqUTOd = MOTA
S.LNdNI
“SONTPA J[TNejoep OF oINQ_ONTAAS MOTA SOEZTTeTITUL
NOIDLONNA
Te
( MOTA )MOTARTUI
SISdONAS
aIn}ONAAS MOTA SZTTeTIIUT —- MOTARTUI
SWWN
MOTAFTUL

A - 104

I@SUT 0} YOTYM JezJe Spou ey — SPONRSTT

Iesut OF spou ey — spou

Tepesy 4STT 3obre} ouW OF Jaqutod e - 4STT
SLOAdNI

‘OPONRISTT TOFS onTea oraz e Hhutssed Aq

poullojied st 4ST[T e Jo peay ayy 3e UOT IeSUL “UOcTITSOd apou

USATH © YALIW FSTT pexXUTT ATqnop e OUT dspou e ZIEeSUI
NOTLONNA

cW TW OW
(A9PONAST[T ‘apou /3STT)pEsSUI
SISdONAS

3ST[T B@ OUT Spou e YIasUT —— jZTESUI
GWYN

qIesut

(-4qnd3no ees /ynd3no TeTRTUT ey AJTIUeEPT OL)

-yndur asn nof ‘/aTpuey eTty yndut TerzTut s,wezfoid ayy AjJTRUepPT OL

NOILONN

aTpuey eTTJ e& OF} TejUuTOd TddOd - ETTJ
SLTNSHY

od
()qndul = eTTJ
SISdONAS

‘aTpuey aTTy ynduTt TeT}#TuT s,werbord ey} seTJTuepl — 4nduI
AWWN

3nduf

A - 105

‘y[nser Arepuooas e yorq ssed 0} ‘oOTgs0TAed ‘oeTduexe Ioj ‘( )azrTWAOCI
QSN SOUTANOT alos “UOTReUIOJUT STOW 4NO puT}F OF SUTINOT STYW [Ted

‘samoo0o0 TOTIS ue UsUM “AOITSE Ue ozeOTPUT OF O1eZ UIN}ot souTtTyzno.r O/I

NOIDLONNA

Jabe ut -— rola

SLINSAY

od

()tIGOI = AOIIAS
SISdONAS

wojsAks oyu} WOTJ UOTReUTOJUT eIZXO UINJET —— AIVOT
AWNWN

AIIJOI

SUON
OSTW dds

SUON
Sond

-ejJep 2xXeLINWUyI

auy Aq petytoeds 3x03 ey} JO YypPTM TexTd ey suinjeY
LINSaY

amnjonr3S }XaLIN}UI ue Jo soueqsuT ue OF JeqyUTOd = 3xaLI
SLAdNI

“QUOFy 7FTNejyop

jueziMo ay} Jo suite} UT 3xe3 ANCA JO APTA Textd ayy jzeb
TIts nok ‘TIAN 03 Yes ST vaN}ONTAS SYR FO Tayutod Wuoy syy
jt ‘Atqejzou yson “Atdde setnr yxaLTNQUI Tensn 9yy JO TIV

"aammyjoniz4s

au} Jo aourysutT yey Aq peqUesetder ST 3eUR butz4s auy

Jo (ujptm Textd ayy) yQbueT ey} sumM}eT pue sAanjoNnsz;sS
4xeLInjuy ue Jo asoueqsuT ue 0} ITajuTod e sqydaoo0e aut NOI STUL

NOTLONN
OW

(3XaLI )yQbueTzxXeLIN {UI

SISdONAS
FXO LTr AUT

ue Jo (uaptTM Textd) yzbueT ey} umnqzer -- Yybuey}zxeLTN{UI
GWYN
yjbueT7xeLtInquy

A - 106

[enue aoueTayey uoTRINIUl ebtwy ut Joqydeyo ,snuewW, Oud
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

‘Jequmnnnusey Aq peTjtoeds

wozINueW oy JO sseippe oy suIN}eT suTANOT sTYyR ‘eSTMTSYzO

“TTQN SUIN}EeT SUTINOT STU “TINNONGW == requnNnuepW FI
LTNSda

‘(weqtTqns pue) weqt pue nusu sy Ss zoOETES
jeu eRep peyoed oy} suTeqUOD 4eYy} eNTeA SY = TequNNNusW
‘-dt1z3zs nuew mod ut nusul ysItTy Sy OF Ze jutod e = dtr4sSnueW
SLAdNI

‘we}tTqns e IO

Us}T Ue JeuyTe 03 WUTod Aeul euTynoI styy Aq peuInzer sserppe
au} ‘/TeuoTydo st AatTytToeds weztqns e esneoseg ~‘rzequmu

wo}T ue pue Joqumu nusul e YOq eq Jsnul eTSYyy Fey 9ION

"CO JUSUOdWCD

ue}tqns e saey Aeul ToqumnnueW ey} ‘WezTqns e sey

sjuoucdul0S om} aaoqe ey Aq petTytoeds ueiT ey JI “Aequmu ue zt
pTTea e pue Jequmu nueU pTTeA e Sepn[oOUT YoTYM ‘dtaijsnuop

anoK XO] ToOJeTaes Jequmu wet PTTeA e aq OF poumsaid st 41
‘TTONONAW Tenbe jou seop JequmnnnueW JI “TIAN suanjer

auT4NOT STYyA esed YOTYM UT ‘TTIANNNEW OF Tenbs oq Aew Tequmnnuey
‘pouTjep [Tem eq squoumbre oyj 7eUyy seitnbert sutynNor sTyuL

‘snuow mod yy peAeTd sey Tesn 3y4

qaqye uotqtnqur Aq no& 073 Yues AequnNnueW e WoTy US I[NUSW

e JO sseippe oy} jeb 0} SUTJNOT STYR esn TTT nok ‘ATT eotrdAy,
-JoqunNnuey eyy Aq petjtoeds wet ey} Jo Sseippe ey} suaNye1
pue dtizqsnuey] petytoads ayy Yybnozy} sTaey euTynor STUL

NOILONNA
0d OV
(JequnNnueW /‘dtr4Snusepy) sserppywwe7z]
SISdONAS
usj[nue,] petytoeds ey} jo ssaippe ey uINjeT -- sseippwre;]
AWN

sserppwwe;I

ST

uraToog — [ood
SLTINSAY

aTpuey eTT}J e OF ATaquTOd Tdod - PeTTJ
SLOAdNI

-TeuTuIa} TeENPATA e OF poeyooUUOd
,OTTZ, STPUeY STITT ey UTM peqzeToosse STTJ ayy JOU TO TeyZOUM

SO}EOTPUT STYL ‘UIN}JeT UeaTOOg we SOATH aaTIORTSEVUIST UOTFOUNT SL

NOILONNA

td 0a

( aTTJ ) aPaAT_ORTSZUISI = TOO
SISdONAS

TeutTutse} [Ten}zITA

@ 03 peqyOOUUOD ST STT}J e TSYyZEYM TeAoostp —— sATIOeIOWIST
aWWN
SATRORIS}UIST

A - 107

juoubes e 03 Zaqjutod TIdoq — jueubes
SLINSAY

Hulizs pe}euTUsy-T[TNu e Jo JeZOeTeYO YSATJ JO sseippe — oureu
SLAdNI

(‘001ge}eeID vas ‘apod pepeoT ey butsn 1z0Oq) ‘bespeoyun oO} [Teo e&
YIM 4T peotun ueo nod ‘apod paepeoT oY} YIM peysTUTy saey no& a0u0
“SyYOOTG JO ASTT ey Jo butuutbheq ayy OF AsaquTod e suinjer bespeoyt
‘(KT }O@eTIOO STNpou ay} pepeoT sey bhespeol ‘sT ey) [TEM seob [Te FI

‘4y[Nser (O1ezZ) asTej e
suinjel pue syooTq pepeo, Aue speotun faspeoy ‘saimdoo toize ue jI

‘uTeYO ey} JO pua eYyy HuTZeoTpuT

se o1ez e SoeztTubooar YI “SpIOM 4SITJ ATeyR uo TsyWebo} sjueulbes

au} Bututeyo ‘Arousu ojuT squeulbes epod ey} SpeoT 19}}eoOS pue STU
saye} BbespeoT ‘rayuT{T eyy Aq peonpoid eTnpou peotT e ST ,oweu, 9TTF UL

NOLLONNA
Td od
( aureu )baspeoy = juaulbes
SISdONAS

AIOURBU OUT STNpou peoTtT e peotT —— bespeot
aHWWN

bespeot

YU MOTA

OSTY dS
UMOUY SUON
sond
‘dewroToo 4[Nejed ay} WOT} pezTTet}IUT oq T[TM deuojToo sTyL
‘(saTijue Jo rTequmu)depToToD}e5 worj ueq}Ob eTqey
e ST STUL “dewrojloo szIOGMeTA 2y} UT STOTOO 9sYyW 2104S
SLINSdY
ZJequnu 1TOTOO Asybty }xeu syR OF
butpesocoid pue (punorbyoerq) Qg ZTOTOO 3e butTyTeAs deulroToo
2YU} OUT peOT OF aeTqez ayy UT sqdYyomn jo Jequnu = junoo
*“AjtsuseqAut umurutu = 0
‘AZTSus}UT umutxeul = GT se pe joerdizaqjuT are SIOTOO syL
‘ontTea zed quomn "Oq90
d5Sy0x0 = —- ZLOTOO
ad9u0x0 = -- [T40TOo
aq9u0x0 --punorbyoeq
SLYOHSN JO
Aerie ue ayTT dn os sanTea goYy JO eTqez Oo} TeQUTOd = deulroToo
abueyo of juem NOK SIOTOO aesouM YIOgMeTA 03 Je jUTOd = da
SLNdNI
aTqe} wory Aeddewzojpoo ayy JO spiOM yUNOCD sy SpeoTt
NOIDLONNA
Op Te oe
( qunoo ‘deumotoo ‘da )yqd5ypeot
SISdONAS
eTqe} worly senTea AOTOO qOuY PeoT —- FaONPeOT
aAWWN
padupeot

A - 108

YOOT e& OF AaQUTOd Tddd — YOOT
SLTNSAY

rebeyut — spowssedsoe
Hbuti3s pozeuturs}—T[nu e Jo Ta,OVTeYO YSATJ JO ssoippe — sueuU
SLAdNI

"31 uado 03 uado asn OF aAeY

noA ‘s3stxe 43T zeYuR puNCJ 3a,NoOA soUO ‘aeSITNOD JO ‘YoOoT 9sn pTNnoys
nok ‘/sjstxe a[T]J e JT aes 03 3Se4 03 Quem NOA JI ‘uedo ue

Hbutop 2OJ zeYyR ueUuR SS2T ST YOOT e Hutop TOF pesyASsao sayy }eY 3ION

‘O19Z e SUIN}eT AT (AIORQOSATTIP IO STTJ ey UO YOOT

ueysks Bur{TTy e uTeyqo ZouUed AT JT ‘ST Jeux) STTeJ WOOT FI “ACT

ORTIM DATSNTOXS ue ST FI ‘/ALIYM SSHOOW ST epoWSseodoe oy jt SYDOT

peor pereys e& ST YOOT ay} ‘GWU SSHOOW ST spowsseooe oy} JI, oueu,
AIOjOaeITp AIO STTJ ayy uo yooT weysks HulTtTjJ e ‘aeTqrssod JT ‘sumMyet YooyT

NOILONNA

cd Td 0d

( apowssesoe ‘aureu )YOOT = YOOT
SISdONAS

@Tty To A1O,SeATp e YOOT —— YooyT
GWYN

YOOT

()AeTdstayutyjey s,uotzInNqUI
doobaw /mMeTASXeW /‘WLOdqATUI
OSTW dds

sond
"MOTA STUQ buTAeTdstp ye As 03 TeddoD YaeITp

pue dn taqutod sty yotd [[t seuTtTynor Yy~UeTq [TeoTPI9eA ouL
*suoTqonzyzsut mod 03 butpzo0oo0e ‘pekeTdstp St MeTA MoU SUL

LTINSdY
ASTT suoT}ONIASUT TOSsaD0Adod pe onr}sucdD |sYyy OF TeqUTod
au} sUTeqUOD YyoTYM /amNjoNTAS MATA SY OF TajUTOd e& = MATA
SLAdNI
‘dopbaw pue ‘meTaeyen ‘WIOdATUI
Aq poe}eerd useq sey YSTT UOT JONAASUT TOSsa001dOD ‘“pTeT} AWWN 30S
NOT LONNA
TW
( MOTA )MOTAPPOT
SISdONAS
‘Xetdstp juezrmMsS oy o}eoId OF YSTT
uoT}ONIAWSUT AOSsaD0Idoo (pajzeerD ATyseay ATqtssod) e esp -—— MeTAPeOT
GWYN
MOTAPeOT

A - 109

()oyurrekeqTYyooT Yy°sreAeT
OSTW dds

‘srakeT ay Joajyye
Aeu syse} TayjVO 3eyuA os aemnjzoNnAAS OjJuyTaAeT sy syooTun
‘aqaTduioo st ojuyraXeTYyooT e pertnber zeyR uotjzeredo ayy IeFV

NOLLONNA
ammjonry4s oyuprAeqJ 0} AdQuTOd = TT
SLNdNI
oe
( TT )oyuyrAeyYxooT
SISdONAS

‘aammyoni4s OJuprAeT oyy YyOoT —— ojyurrAey]YAooT
GWYN

oyulrheTYAoT

Y' SrTDAeT
OSTW dds

‘TaAeT au} seaye} useyA pue sajoetduioo of AT
IO} s3tem ‘ToheT sty butsn Apeorzre st yse}z Teyjoue jf]
-a9sn O} SYS} TeYRO AOJ eTqe[tTeaeun TeAeT STy sayeWn

NOT LONNA
arakeT e 03 AaQUTOd = T
emmyoni3s oyurrAAeT OF AaQutod = TT
SLAdNI
Te oF
( T ‘TT )raketTyoT
SISdONAS

SsqoaydTTD oF sebueyo ayeul of AakeT YyYOoT —— TeAeqTYyooT
GWYN

rakeTYAooT

A - 110

()oyuyraheqyysoT ()TeAeTYOOT y*sAeAeT
OsTW dds

"peYoOT AST[T TeAeT Stuy ut srsAeT [Te soexew
‘ojyurrTsAeTYOOT sT[Teo ’4sATT

NOTLONNA
oimmyonr4s OjyulrAsheT OF AaRZUTOd = TIT
SLAdNI
oe
( TT )srehe yoo T
SISdONAS

3ndyno sotyderb worj sxzeAeT [Te YooT —— sraekeqTyooT
AWWN

siakeyTYyooyT

yu’ SraAeT

OSTW dds

-sqoaydttTo Aue eaouer XO sjZoaeydT[D meu Aue ppe jou

soop 31I ybnoyuyTe s}oeUdTTO Jo #STT eyy ytOSeT TTT YoTUM
JayseypT Toros Jo eseo oy} UT snorebuep ATTetquejod st stuL
‘HuTYyooTd you pue ()woyreAeTYOoT HhutTTeo

woIJ YSe} Teyjoue ZueAeid jou seop YOoT STYL +FeeAeD

"4no sSeATesuPUuy

YOOT WOU T[TM UTeYO STY} UT STEeTTeo }eYR OS S}SeU TTeO STUL
‘sZoqstbea Aue AoTAsSep you seop [Teo sTUL

aLON

aimjoniys rAeJ 0} AaQuTOd = JZahkeT
SLAdNI

‘ganqoni3s zeXkeJ ayy UT eANjonI4s WZaydTTD eyW I98zTe

Keui JaTTeo Aey}O ou pue peyYooT st TekeT sayy usyM sun joey
NOTDLONN a

ce

( zaAeT )woyroedkeTyoT
SISdONAS

apoo (qIT xy6h)wozr Aq amyoniys AeAeT YOOT —- woyraAeTYyooT
GWYN
woyraeAeTAXoOT

A- 111

()jzaogaexen ‘()AeTdstqeyeuey /()AeTdstqyutyyQey
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

SUON
LINSAY

‘aamnjonijs useids |auy JO sseippe = userDS
SMNdNI

‘Aetdstp uotytnqul
ay} OUT useTOS wo SNS INCA Jo VIOGMeETA MEU ZY 9zeTOdTOOUT
oj ()AeTdstaqyutuyey [Teo ueo noA ‘sutyNnoL sty Hut{[eo rozjW

“ZIOGMeTA oueS oyQ JO
abesn $,UOT}INQUI YIM doUeTaJTaqQUT Ynoqe HuTATIOmM yNoyWTA
suoT}e[Tndtueul ueeros uMo ano& op 03 noA smoTTe sty_ “Aem
pezerbeyUuT—uOT}JIN_UI ue UT UseTOS WOYSNd ANCA JO WLO_MeTA

auy ACJ ()WOdAeXeW e& Op OF NOA SMOTTe SINpsdoid STULL

NOILONNA
OW

(uaaT0S ) UseLTOSeyeW

SISdONAS
usazoOSs wojISsNd e

Jo ()}OGAeYeW po erbezUT_-UuOTRINUT ue Op -- UseTOSeyeW
AWWN
use1oSsayen

qonI7ASzTUL
OSTW gas

‘otued weysdS e asneo [[TM UOT JOUNJ STYy ‘eTqQeTTeae ST ueyy
Azousu weysks eroul ertnber eTqe} 10OxOeA ATeIqTT ey} FI

NOI LddOxd

‘pazeooTTe vere Azoueu ey} jo butuutbeq ayy
jou ‘/AIeIQIT BY} O} SedUeTAeJeT UT pesn sseIppe sz
ST sTyL ‘ATeIqIT Syz JO ssoIppe soUuETejor sy} - ArexqttT
LINSdd

‘apoo 4rut s,Areiqty e 0} pessed ST STUL
(sog Aq pesn) 4STT ZUueubhes Aourou e OF Jajutod — 4st Tbes

-pjep apou AreIqIyT parepuerjs
ay} burpnpout ‘/eere ejep AreIqIT ey} Jo ezTs ayy -— eZTSP

‘uoTzOuNJ STYy} Jo
qJINser ay} oq [ITM #INSeT sqT pue ‘Od UT APPWATT eur
UZIM peTTeo eq TITM 4T ‘peTTeo st 4t USeyM “peTTeO
oq JOU TTTM 3T /TTnu JI ‘weysds oy} OF ATeIqTT 3yy
Hurppe eLojyeq peTTeo aq TTTM ey} yuTod Arque ue — 4TUT

‘peTTeo oq jou TITM 31 useYyy
‘T[nu JI ‘uoTher ejep ,,joNT}SITUI,, Ue OF sjutod -— amjoniz3s

‘slajutod uotT}oUNJZ eynTosqe sutTejuoo Aeizre ayy
JastTmrayjo /(szrO}OeA JO JJO posed) sjuouece[Tdstp
pIOM aATReTeT suTeqUOo Aerize sy useyy ‘T- ST Aez1ze
au} JO PIOM 4SATJ OUR JI ‘“SqUSUBORTdSTp UOT OUN}
Ao siajutod uotjzounJ jo Aerze ue OF Jayzutod — si0 joe
SLAdNI

“qyueseid Jt (4TuT)

peTtTeo st qutodAzjue otjtoeds ArerqtyT W “peztTerqrut

st ArteTqTT ay} jo uotzIod ejep SyYL “PETTITT ore

Areiqty ayy JO SpTety ezts ay, “Tood Azroupu ser} S ,wojsASs
au} WOT] pezeooTtTe st Are1qtyT ey}z TOF voeds “vote e}ep

pue r0jZ0en AreAiqIT e HutTjJonrTAsuod ToJ pesn st uoTzounNZ STUL

NOTDLONNA
Td od eV TW OV 0d
(astIbes ‘/eztsezep ‘4TuT ‘ammjoniqs ‘gz0300A )ATeIqTITexeW = ATeAQqTT
SISdONAS

AreIqtyT e yonTASuoD —— ALeIqTTEeyew
GWYN

ArTeIqtTayxen

A- 112

“pTTRAUT ST
yreu ay} /9STTO eyR JO yRHuUET ey} ueYZ STOW ST Joszjo ayy JT

SNOILLda0X4
4ST[O oyQ UT OU ST JeESJJO sy JT OASzZ—-uOU
_ ATOIILS
SLINSaY
*(T-3STIOEezTS) ueYyR 1T8}eeTb
eq OU pP[NoYUS oNnTeA STYL ‘O19Z JesFjo ze ST ASTTO
yu} UT aqdq ASATJ SUL “FSTTO SY} OFUT Jossjo a7hq ke
— Jesjjo
*suoTjZOUN}F YSTTO AOjJ
pesn eq ueo 3eYy} YSTTO e TOJ 1ORdTIOSep PIOMbHUOCT e
— 4sTTo
SLAANI

“pTTeauT awooeq [TTT yTeul ayy ‘peqzetndtuew ATjuenbesqns

ST Slajer yeu ayy YyoTym O03 33fq ay} JI “4STTO yore Aq
pouTtejer st yreuw ouo ATUO ey} SION “FSTTO eYyR OFUT ZYosFjo
aq&q e butAjtoads Aq suotj}etedo xepuT TOF YSTTO ey yrTeW

NOILONNA

od OW og

(Jesyjo ‘/4STTO)ASTIOYAeW = AoAIS
SISdONAS

#STTO eB UT UOTRTSOd e yTeUl —— ASTIDYIeW
AWWN

4sTTIOyIeW

()AetTdstqyutyjzeu pue ‘()AeTdstqdeyeuey ‘()userseyxeW Ss, UOT ITNAUI
y meta ()doobarw
OSTW dds

sond

ojJursey 4SsItjy ey Aq OF

pejutod ojursey puocoss e aq ysnu oteyy ‘Sepow UT AdTwnd FI
‘OTqe} IOTOO A[Nejep oyy wor

SIO[OO sosn 3T ‘/TTU ST ZIOGMETA UT 19d deWIOTOD ayy JI
suldsq’ Wodmata

uT SZeqjuTOd sjnd pue 4STT dJaddop a}eTpeutejUT sqoNnrySUOD

SLINSda
ojyulsey 0} 13d ptTea aaey ysnu ZTOdMeETA SUL
aanjoniys WogmMeTA 03 TeZUTOd = VTOdMeTA
@4n}oNnrAAS META OF AajuTod = MOTA
SLAdNI
“2IOGMETA STU TOF YSTT TaeddoD e}eTpoeutsezUT syonTZsSUOCO
JIOgMeTA pue META OY} UT UOT eUIOJUT HuTsn
NOILONNA
Te oe
( qtodmeta ‘mata )TOdqAe{eW
SISdONAS
4st{ teddop AeTdstp ejereueb —— WOdAexeW
aWWN
VIOdAS {ew

A - 113

03 ybnoue apni teae are nok JI +a jou butpoqerzojf ‘utab

-(auOTe SsbheTadWOdI eaeeT) ()MopuTMeSOTD but[ Teo eLojaq
TINN 03 Tenbe yogIesn yes /ATaRzeT dn ueaTo OF ‘UeYUL O
‘quem nok 7eym 07 Jes SheTAdWOdI UTM ()dWOCIAJTPOW TTRD ©
“HuTsooyo umo rznoA jo 310d
pttea Aue 03 MOpuTM INOA Jo aeTqeTzeaA ATOGqTESN ey} 3S O
*(sqa0d

ou uedo) TIAN 03 Tenbe sheTadWOdI y3tM ()moputTMuedo oOo

:pezPooTTe eaey Apeorjte

noX 3ey} 4WI0d e asn of NOA SsMOTTe STYUL ‘pezeoOTTeep eq [TTA
3a0d uotjInqul ey ATuO ‘TION == SbheTAdWOdI YIM erey [Teo
nok ueymM TIAN St Wogrtesn Jt ‘/TTemM se onzR ST SssSTSAUOD SUL
‘moputm aznok 10y 3AOd abessoul uOTRINAQUI SYR azeooOTTe Ysnl
IIT uot}zInqul /dn—-jes anok qinjstp jou [[T# pue jJoeseid ejep
Teubts pue yse} YIM 320d pTTeA e ST FT Fey Soumsse [TTA
UOT}IN}IUI /pezTTetTytut Apeerte st WodTesn AnoA ynq TTNu-uou
ST sheTadWOdI JI *()aWOGIAJTPOW TTeO NoA eLTOJeq uMo anoA

Jo 320d Aue 03 410gTEesn¢<—mopuTM ay} dn yos ued NOX ALON

*dWoOdI ey} Yybnorzyy
weiboid rnok 03 4seopeorq eq T[TM SqUeASD YOTYM aebueyo oF
quem noX 3ey} suraul STU /TINN JOU ST QUeUMbIe sbheTAdWodI
au} pue pouedo ST MOpUTM UeATH ayy TOF qWOdI ey} JI Oo
‘payzeooTTe sem 3Iq Teubts stu}
USYM SAT}OR sem ey OUO SUES OYA oq 4ysnu YxSe} yUSrAANS
aUuUL ‘“31q [TeubtTs ANOA |oeAjJ pue ‘SiTsyjnq syy se1J ‘sz10d
SU eSOTO T[TM UOTRINAUI ‘TION ST quoumbie shel[dAdWodl
ay} pue pouedo ST MOpUTM UaATH 9Yy} TOF dGWOdI ey JI oO
‘S[TTeJep [[NJ TO} [TenuewW souezayey uoTIINQU] ebTwuy eyy UT
,»SPOuzeW yndyno pue yndul, ees ~“Wod mok xroj 71q
Teubts e bur}zeooTTe pue szIod ebessou oy buTztyTetztut
pue HutzecoT{Te bhutpnTout ‘pezeeTo ST MOpUTM Sly
JO qWOdI euW /(34eS) peqoeTas ere sbeTddWOdI ey jo Aue
pue MOPUTM USsATH auy UT dWOdI OU ATWUeTIND sT eTSYyy JI Oo
-suoddey Bbutyjou ‘TIAN st sbheTAdWodI
pue MOpUuTM UeATH 9YQ UT qWOdI OU ATQUeTIND sT aeTEey, JI Oo
:MOTOeq peqtiosep ere ueye} oq QWYyhHTuU zeYyA sUOT}Oe ANOJ SUL

‘peuedo aq [TIM syiod ayy ‘uedo ATRUeTAMS jou JT ‘uado

aq 0} s}Iod abessoul ay juem nod AeyW sueeul sTYyW ‘sbeTAdWodI
aya jo Aue yas nok JI ‘pesoto eq T{TM AsyW ‘uedo ore Aoyy
JT /pasoToO aq 03 szIOd ay} OJ Hutyse ere nod ‘TIAN sTenbs
quoumbie sbheTadWNOdI 2u} JI ‘sbeTddWOdI enTea 9yy UT S3zTq
bety euy Aq peqtzosep se saeitsep Mok YooTJoer 0} PeTtJTpou

ST o3eqS oUuL ~*~ (Wod abessow uoT}eoTUNUMIOD JOOTTG UOTRTNAUT )
dWOdI $,MOpuTM MoKA Jo a3ze3S ayy SEeTJTpou ouTANOT STUL

NOLLONAA
od Ow
(sheTadNOdI ‘MOpuTM) dNOdIAJ TpoW
SISdONAS
dWOdI S,MOpUTM ayy JO ajeys ayy AJtTpow -- dWOdIA}TPOW
WWN

dWOd1 AJ Tpow

Sond
edALTOOLPUTA
OSTW dds
QO sum yer ( ,q|e, ‘ZedAz JenTeATOOLYyo eM
0 sumer ( Pp, ‘ZedAz )enTeATOOLYyoeW
T sumer ( ,q, ‘7eddq Jen TeATooLyo zen
T sumer ( 2, ‘7eddq JanTeaTOOLyo en
0 sumnjer ( ,e3ep, ‘Tedd )onTeATOOLYoOeW
T suanjez ( , 3x03, ‘Teddq )anTeaTOOLyo ew
uw2|q/e,, = cedA
ntXO4,, = jTedéy
:shuti3s odAj om} are arTey} oumssy
ATdWNWXd
SNOI Lddoxd
butizsedA} ut sem onTeaA oy JT auo e — 4[NSeT
SLTASAY
butajsedA3 ut siveadde antea JT poJsetejuT ore nod - onTea
(adXLTooL_puta Aq peurmnjzer se) anTea adA]ToOo] e — Hut13SgedA3
SLAdNI
*‘(sanqTea azeurezTe
seyeiedes ,|, Fey} SMOoUyX 4T ‘ze[notzIed ut) ontTea addéy
Joo} e r0oJ xeqUAs oy} ested OF MOY SMOUY FI ‘onTea uMoUyx e
IoJ antTea odAQ [oo} e butszed AOJ [njJesn ST anTeATOCOLYO eW
NOILONNA
TW OW od
( ontTea /butz4sedAQ )enTeaTooLyoReW = 3[Nse1
SISdONAS
an{Tea TeTNoTzIed e ACJ aTqetzea adhA} [OO eB YOoYO —- oONTeATOOLYOeW
GWYN
ONTPATOOLYOFeW

A- 114

SUON
OSTW dds

3UON
sond

OUON
LTNSAY

“oyuyrdoig euyy

Jo atTqetizea ApogzIeA ay UT peto}S oq 03 OENTRA = ApogPIOA
‘oyutdoig 2yu}

Jo aTqetzea ApogzTioH ey} UT peToJs aq 0} eNnTeA = Apog_ZTIOH
‘oyuydoig

au} JO STQeTARA JOdWISA SYR UT peTOJS oq OF ONTRA = FOdHPA
‘oyujdoig 3A

JO aTqeTreA YOdZTIOH SYA UT peTORS eq OF ONTRA = 4OdZT1IOH

‘oJurdorg ey} JO oTGeTIeA SheTq oy} UT peto}S aq OF anTeA = sbeTd
-(qVebpeb ta}senbez e jou ST sty JT TION

aq Aeul sty}) eimjonr4s Taysenbey e 0} TajUTOd = Iaysonbey
-uaelIOS Pe IO MOPUTM e ST yoTym ‘/jebpeb ayy jo JuUseUPTe

Ketdstp ,butumo, ay} Jo emyjonijs ey} 0} Tequtod = ra zUTOd
*Zebpeb

[euotz1odoid e Jo amyonr3s ayy 0} IaquTod = qebpeodoidg

SLAdNI

“TTON aq Aeul queumbre 13zsenbey

au} ‘Taysenber e jo jebpeb ay} jou sT sTuy jI

*MOpUTM be OF WUTOd ATTIeSSs|aDeuU 4YSNU IazUTOd eYyy pue ZIaysonbez
e UT ST Jebpeb ayy /jes HeTJ LaodawOOAUN eUuy sey Jobpeb eyy FI
-ginjonr3s Iaysenboy e 0} WUTOd ued sTqeTreA Aazsoenbey euL

-92n}onI4Ss MOPUTM e OF SqUTOd AT ‘asSTMTeyzO

faammyonijs useros e 03 SsqUTOd IeqUuToOg ‘jes ST beT} ouyy

JI ‘Jebpeb ayy jo bet} LADAWOUOS euW bututurexse Aq pepToep
ST 03 squTod ATTen}oe AT sUO YOTYM. “eAN}ONAAS UsetOS

e IO MOpUTM e TeYyyTe OF YUTOd ued JUeUMbIe 1T3azUTOd SUL

-poXeTdstpez st Arobeurl ayy pue po Je[noTeoe1r
us} ST e3e4s TeuIeqUT S,jebpeb ay, ‘Aebpeb Teuotz1odo1d
petjtoeds ayy jo sioqjoureied oy} SeTjTpow outynor sTuL

NOLLONNA
yd €d cd Td 0d
(Apogqyie, ‘/Apogztioy /30dyeA /}OdZTIOH ‘sbeT a
cw TW OW
‘Zaysonbey ‘Taqutog /yebpeodo1rg)do1rgAJ Tpow
SISdONAS
jebpeb
[Teuotzz0do1id e jo szoajoueied juerTIMSD ey} AJtpou —- doigAj Tpow
ANN
dordAj Tpow

()mopuTmMUuadO
OSTW dds

OUON
Ssond

3UON
LTNSAY

dWodI ey} jo
a}e}S polTsap meu ay} butqtizosep sqtq beTjJ ey} = sbelTAdWodI
syiod dWodI
au HbututejUuOD aimyjonI}s MOpUTM ey} OF Iajutod = MOpUuTM
SLNdNI

‘uotsstTued moA IOJ HutzTea

qnoy7TM sebessoul s}T o}eOOTTREp pue wTeToOsr 0} Se apni OS
aq WIM} UT TTTM UOTRINQUI /7I0d gNOdI ey} 0} Jes Sabessou
ayy JO TTe 07 Pp, ()ATdoey Hbutaey 4YSATJZ YNoyATM qWOdI ue ssOoTO

A- 115

yu’ sraketT
OSTW dds

*sheTq reAeT ut 41qQ HSA sjes
pue oebeurep sjoaeT[oo ‘paTeaaer auwooeq siaAeT yserjexr Aue jI
‘dew;qtq pezeys ut uot3ztsod mou 03 AeAeT STYR SeAOW

NOILONNA
uotztsod A jueTIMd 0} ppe oF eFTap = Ap
uoT}#tTsod x ZUaTIND OF ppe OF eRTePp = Xp

Iake{T dorpyoequou e oj Je qutod = T
aimmyoni4s oyurrAeT 07 TaquTOd = TT
SLNdNI

TP OP Te OF
( Ap ‘xp ‘TU ‘TT )aeAeTeaow
SISdONAS

dewitq ut uotqytsod meu 03 AeXkeT dorpyoequou aaou -— TekeTeaow
SWWN

rshkejTeaon

Wogysey ouy ut Autod =K‘X

ammyont4s Wodysey e OF IaqzUTOd = di
SLNdNI

“UOTRTSOd oures 3} Sasn 3X8, +390N

“Wlog}sey Jo

(9/0) 33eT teddn 03 aeatqeTez (A’x) 03 uoTRTSod ued soTyderh seaow
NOTDLONNA

TP OP Te

(A ’x ‘di )aaon
SISdONAS

uoT}TSOd ued sotyderb saoul ~— saoW
GWYN

%

SAOW

A - 116

OUON

OSTW dds
2UON

song
SUON

LTINSAY
‘stxe XA ayQ uo usaeros ayy saoul 03 YUMOUR = ZeRTEC
"STXe X OYA UO UedaTOS SYA SACU OF YUNOU = XezTed
"aammyjonzy4s users e OF JejUTOd = useeIDS

SLOAdNI

“aTqtssod se Te} se posaoul oq [[TM UseTOS
oyuQ /UOTOTIWSeT sAOCge sy} SazeTOTA ey Aem e UT UseEeTOS 9Y4}
aaow pr[tnom Ajytoeds noA saTtqetzeaA ZXAeTeEqd pue xejTed ey} JI

‘petoubt are sjUueURBACU T[TeQUOZTIOY =: (aTeMAyos
ay} JO eseaTeazr yUueTIMS ayy A0F ATUO) YUuTeTASUOD BUO MOTTOFJ
4snu jUueUeACU STUL ‘“UeeTDS peTyJToeds ayuW eaocu 0} S3due RWW

NOLLONNA
Td od Ow
(AeATed ‘/‘KxeyTed ‘/‘UuaeeTDS)UuseTDSeAOW
SISdONAS
s}unoure ejTep 3su3 Aq usetOS ay} saocu O07 QduBRQe --— UaceIDSeAoyW
GWYN

usarDSeAop

uy’ SLaAelT

OSTW ddS
(Kzouru Jo yno ATqeqord) [njsseoonsun uoTzeredo JT ASTWA
[njssaoons uotjeredo jt ANU

SNYNLAY

-srtakeT reyQO [Te JO AuoTZ ayy oO} dn AekeT dorzpyoerg e butiq

Keu nok ‘sbheta sreXkeT ayy ut 4Tq aouayowd ey} Hbutzeeto Ag

. ‘peitnber merperi jt sbeTd ut 4Tq sjes

pue 4ST[ ebeuep sqoeT[oo ‘TeAeT yserjer e ST STU FI

-szakeT reyVO yuytm AeTdstp ey} Jo yno pue UT

sztq Bbutddems ‘/job1e} Jo YuoTZ UT AeAeT STU SAAOCW
NOILONNA

jobieq JO YUOTJUT SAOCUOPTSALT BAU : qabre.z
poeaoul OF TACT =: SAQUOPTOALT
SLAdNI

Te oe
( qobre, ‘aaowozAeT )JOUCTAUILTeAeTeAOW NWHTIOOd
SISdONAS

azakeT Tayjoue Jo yuoIy ut TaekeT ynd — Jo }UOCTAUT TAS TRACP
SAWN

JoqUCT AUT TAAe TOAOW

A- 117

()yoeqoLMopuTM /()}UOTAOLMOpUuTM ‘()MOopuTMeZTS
OSTW das

SUON
sond

SUON
LTNSAY

“stxe A ayy uo
MOPUTM 3} SACU OF Te} MOY HuTqtrosep enTea peubts = jAezTod
*sTxe X 3Yy} UO
MOPUTM 93} SAOU OF Ie} MOY Hutqtzosep enTea peubTts = xejyed
-paaoul aq O} MOPUTM OY} JO aANQONAAS Sy} OF TazUTOd = MOPUTM
SLAdNI

-qubts Ajjead e jou ATTeTeueb st A[Nnser ayy ‘AATAT}eTOAr
Tetoaeds Aq peyotpezd se ‘STYy} WoTJ 4[NSseT ued yey wNNUT UCD
auTyz—s0eds ay} UT SUOTIIOISTp 9Yyy JO ssnedeq ‘oSTeaTuN

ay JO SIeuIOD ITejJ sy} OF MOPUTM ANCA sAOU OF 4YduleRzWe

TITM UOTRINAUI ‘aSsTeATUN ay} JO TauTOD IeJ aulos Ajtoeds
SONTeA eITEep ANOA JI ‘“bHhutyooyo-T0ITe Ou seop seUuT NOT STULL

"puooes e sow tT} AXTS JO umuUTXeU e pue

puooas Jed soult} ua} Jo oer umuTuTU e qe ATjUaLAIMS sueddey
YOTUM ‘jUeAD YNdUT Ue SeATSOeT UOTFINUI SUT 3xXOU SY PSeAOCU
aq TTTM #T /ATeqeTpoUMIT PeAcu oq JOU TTTM MOpUTM ey 7eUR
SION ‘Sexe eATRJOedSeT aYyQ HuoTe MOPUTM 9Y} SAOU OF APJ MOY
aqtiosep sjuoumbie ej[ep eyL ‘“eouejsSTp peTytoeds ey MOpuTM
au Saou OF Hutyse uoTItINQUI OF YsenbeI e spues SUT FNOT STUL

NOLLONNA
Td od OW
(ABR TEd ‘XeFTSd ‘MOpUTM)MOPUTMEeACH
SISdONAS
MOPUTM e SACU OF UOTRTNRUT YSe --— MOPUTMSAOCH
aWWN

MOPU TM2eAOH]

aqytadsjep eytidsebueyo aq tadseerg y’aqytads

OSTW dds

sond

SLTINSdAY
qiodmata Jo doj 03 SATReTET UCTRTSOd Meu = A’x
ainqonizs a3tadsetduts 0} Jejutod = o31T1ds

MOTA OF} SATRETET pouotzTsod aytids Jt ‘0 =

amyjonr4Ss YTOGMeTA OF Ta jUTOd = da

SLOAdNI

-Kejdstp uo avoe{Td mau 03 ebeurt aytids soaow
NOT DLONNe

TP OP Te oe
( Kk ‘x ‘aqtads ‘da )aqztidseaopy
SISdONAS

qiodmeta Jo do} 04 aaT}eTeET QuTOod e OF aytads aaou -— aqTidseaaop
GWYN

33 1T1dsaaow

A - 118

Y* STPAeCT
OSTW dds

Azoursu ybnous 3ou Jt TIAN
[njsseoons Jt aammyjonz4s ojul rAsAeTJ 03 Aaqutod

SNYN.LAY
*(uado) payootTun sizekeT ayy soyen
‘stakeT JO YSTT Sty uo suoTzetado AsAeT AMY VO
asn oO uot zeredeid ut omnjzonzAS OJuT AoAe] saztpterztuy
‘agamyoni4zs ojuy AeAeT [[N} TOF poeatnbez Aroueu sazeooT tw
NOILONNA
SUON
SLNdNI
( )oyJuyraAe Thon
SISdONAS
aimnjonrz4s oOjuy AeAeST [[N}J Sz T[TeryTulL pue ayzeooTte —-— ojyuyradheyMon
WYN

ojulraALCTMON

()AeTdstqyutyzey s,uotztInquy
meTApeoT ‘doobaw ‘4TOdATUI
OSTW dds

sond

-()MeTAPeOT UOTIONTASUT 9A ybnory} weer4s uotjonTAASUuT Meu STY4
asn 0} PTO} ST ZOssao0id AeTdstp eyL ‘Losseo01id AeTdstp oy
kq pasn eq 03 Apear ‘rossacs0idoo ey} TOF suoTyonTAsUT Jo ASTT
pebiaul/peyios ‘ajzetTduicoo e uTeqUOD MOU TTTM e1NnjoNAAS MOTA SUL

LINSdAY

‘pebisul eq OF o1e suUOTIONAASUT
iossao00iIdod asoymM ein{onrTAS META BY OF Ja UuTod e — MOTTA
SLNdNI

(4stT ateddop)aNaD butTsn pezeutute, oq 4snu 4STT YyoRg isTy} uO puedep
seutTqnor ehbisul syuL “AeprIO X-A Kew OF UTU UT Po POS AT [Teurequt
aq LSAW S3STT WoT ,oONzAASUT rossaoo0idos sy Jo yoeqg :SuUOTROTIASSY

-Iossa00idoo ay} ACJ AYSTT uoTyONAASUT

aueij—tod ajeTduco e aaey T[TH nod ‘rayebo} pebieul ere suoTJoNIASUT
tossao0i1doo Jo suaoy [Te ueyM ‘eoetd AsITJ oyQ uT AeTdsTp oTseq

SU} peUIOJ aaey YOTYM esoy} you ynq ‘suOTRONAIWSUT 93TAIds IO

aqasn ay} jo auos sabueyo sty, ~“Aetdstp punorbyorq oT }e 4s
AlTetquesse ue o7UT uocTeUTOJUT ppe ATeAToaejjo YOTYM seuTFNoL
uoTjeutue sotydezb ayy Aq ‘atduexe AtoZ ‘pesn st dopbaw uotjouny STuL
-zossa00idoo ay} IOj werboid awearj—AeTdstp-ted e saejzeero AT[eT}UeSSAa
STyL ‘weer3Zs uoT}JONIWSsUT Tosseooidoo eTbuTs e OUT suOTzONITASUT
atossacoidoo rzesn pue aytids ‘rotToo ‘Ae[dstp ey} 1eyzebo} ebioey

NOILONNA
TW
( meta )dopbaw
SISdONAS
“suoTqJONAASUT TOSsaD01doD Iayjebo} ebriew —— doobay
AWWN
dopbayw

A- 119

()3ebpeuo
OSTW aS

SUON
sond

OUON
LINSAY

-(4ST[ Rebpeb Tajsenbezr e jou sT STyy
Jv TINN oq Aeur) oINQ}ONIAS Jaysenbey e OF Iajutod = Iaysenbey
-91n}ONT4S MOPUTM B O03 AeqjUTOd = TajUTOd
“peTqestp 7uem
noX jeu} Webhpeb ayR jo emnjonzrAs ay} OF Teqjutod = qebpey
SLNdNI

‘peAetdstp AT}UeTIMSD eq ySnNuU Joaysonber 3zeu ‘re ysenbez
e Jo yohpeb e& ST STU} 3eYR peTFtoeds oaey NOA JI + ALON

-Kem Tensn oy} ut pesssooid Apeeizte
jou sey uoTRINjUI 3eYU Jebpeb ouos ATddns jou og
-JTesmmok ASTT yebpeb oy. YATA TeyUTZ OF efes Teaoeu ST YI *ALON

“TITAN oq Aeul juaeumbre Taysenbey eyj ‘re ysenbez

e Jo Jebpeb auy jou st styy JI ‘reysenber yey buTutTejuoo
MOPUTM ay} OF WUTOd A[TIesseoeu Ysnul JejUTOd pue Te ysenbe1r
e UT ST qebpeb oy ‘jes Hbe[J LaSawOOdU ey sey qebpeb au
JI ‘amyonzys Jaysoenbey e 0} QuTod ued eTqeTrea Ta ysenbey
auL ‘emN}ZoNr3S MOpUTM eB OF AUTOd Ysnu ZUSUMHIe Ta,UTOd SUL

‘rasn au Aq peyoetes eq JouUeD Yohpeb sul oO
‘Jes st beTjJ AATAWSIGSAYD PUL Oo
‘paqsoyub peXeTdstp st Azebeult sqI oO

:uoddey sbutyq eseyj ‘peTqestp st
qebpeb e uaym “jzebpeb petytoaeds ey seTqestp pueumlood STUL

NOILLONNA
cw TW OW
(rajsenbey ‘ra,UTOd /‘yeHpey)yebpedojsjo
SISdONAS
qyebpeb petytoeds ey} eTqestp -- yebpeoyyjo
aWWN

zebpeyjsjo

sond

auou
SLONdNTI

‘31 tTaqutod e

uinjert pue Ajdup 07 YT azZzTTeTRIUT ‘oermmjoniz3s uoTbay e a}ReTD
uoT }OUNA

OP

()uoTbeyMen(s uOoTbeYy JOnTAS) = ubIT
SISdONAS

0 ezTs Jo uotber e jyeb —— uoTbayMeN
AWYN
UOT HdYyMon

A - 120

()qebpeosjo
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

OUON
LINSdAY

‘(QSTT qebpeb raqysenbez e jou ST STU
JT TInN oq Aew) emnjonIz3s Teysonbey e OF Jayutod = Iaysenbsy
-9IN}ONIS MOPUTM PB OF AaqjUTOd = IeqUTO”d
*petTqeus 3ueM
nok jeu Aebpeb ayy jo eanjonizys ayy 0} AajuTOd = qZabpey
SLNdNI

-poketdstp ATjUueTIMS oq Ysnu Taysenbez 7zeyA ‘rs ysonboe1
e Jo Zobpeb e st sty zeUQ peTytoeds aaey nok JI * ALON

-Kem [ensn ayy ut pessacoid Apesite
Jou sey uoT}INQUI 3eYR yebpeb euos ATddns jou og
-JTesmok AstT yobpeb oy} yFTM AeYxUTR OF aFes Toaou ST FI ‘ALON

“T70N oq Aeul QuoumbHbre AJaysonber sayy

‘zaysonbei e Jo yobpeb ayy you st sty} JI ‘“rzeysenber eyy
HututeyUuOCoO MOPUTM 34} OF FUTOd YsnuUl TejUTOd pue Ia ysenbe1t

@ UT ST 3ebpeb ou} ‘jes Het} LaodWwOOaN ayW sey yebpeb ayy
JI ‘aammyonr4s Taysenbey e 03 WUTOd ued. OTQeTITeA Ta ysenbey
aUuL ‘amnjOoNrT3S MOpUTM e OF 3UTOd ysnuUI ZUSUMbHIe JazUTOd SUL

‘zasn oy Aq paeyoeTas eq TazjeeteyA ueo Yebpeb oyL oO
‘pereeTo st Bel[j aalaqwsIdodwS euL ©
-(paysoyub jou) ATTeuzou peAeTdstp st Azoebeuwt szI oO

:uoddey sbuty} eseu4 ‘peTqeus
ST jobpeb e ueym “jebpeb petjtoeds ey} seTqeue pueumiod STUL

NOITDLONNA
cW TW OW
(taysenbey ‘aqutog /yebpes) Aebpeouo
SISdONAS
jebpeb petytoeds ayj eTqeua -- yebpeouo
aWWN

jZebpeyuo

( )nueyUuoO
OSTW aags

SUON
sond

OUON
LINSdY

‘petTqeus eq 0} adaTd nuaU sluy = TequmNnueW
‘aIN}jONIAS MOPUTM 3YW OF TaQUTOd = MOpUTM
SLOdNI

-peAeTdstpert st dti4s nuoauw eyy ‘peTPeeaer
ATQueTIMS nusu ayy seyo eu Aequmu nusu ey Jo eseq ayy FI

“"nusu S9TOYM e TO ‘UeqT Ue ‘UB TGQnS e seTqestp pueuwloo STU,

NOLDLONNA
od OW
(JaqunNNueW ‘MOpUTM) NUeNF JO
SISdONAS
we3T nusuU TO NuseUI UeATH aUuA eTqestTp -- nueWJjo
GWYN
nuoWs FO

A -121

aTpuey eTTyJ 0} AeqjutTod Tddd — ETTJ

SLTASAY

Jabe ut — spowsseodoe
HulI4Ss poJeuTUts}-[[Tnu e Jo JaqxoRreyoO YsATJ Jo ssoeippe — oureu

SLAdNI

=

‘yoo] Zepun Arua ayj oes ‘S}STXSO STTJ eB JT sas 0} bHbuT}sa} IOg

‘apoo r0izZa Arepuooas e saettddns ()ITWFOT suTAnorT sy} OF [Teo eB

‘aseo sTuy UL °(0) Orez anTea ayQ suINjeT 4T ‘uOSPeeT sUulOS TOF , oureu,
STTJ ayy usedo jZouueds uaedo JI ‘TenueW s,tesn sodebtuy ey} FO ayy jo

[ daqydeyo oes ‘:mwy pue /:NOO /’:TIN SaoTAap ayy UO STTe_Zep TeyAINF 10d

“MOPUTM 3UaeTIMS ayy Hbutqueseider ‘» IO

‘siajeuered moputa Aq poeMoT[O} -MWY ZO -NOO se yYyons uoT}eOTI Toads
MOPUTM e ‘:TIN Se YoNS aotTaop aTdurts e /(aureu aotaap e Aq peoerjead
AjTTeuotjdo) oaureus[tj e oq ued ,ouweU, OUL °(900T=) STIAMAN ACOW

ST aNTeA ay} JT HuTATIM IOJ aT} Mou e SaqeaID UedO ‘TeAeMOH

-HuT}TIM Io Hhutpeaet toy aTTjJ Hbutystxe ue suedo nado ‘(SOOT=) aTIAGIO AGOW
ST apowssesoe ay} JI ‘aTpuey STTy e sujet pue ,oureu, suedo uedo

NOILONNA

ca Ta od
( apowsseo0e ‘oureu )uado = eTTF

SISdONAS

qynd3no ito yndut 1oj eTtTy e uado —— uedo

AWWN

usodo

( nueWFsO
OSTW das

SUON
sond

QUON
LINSAY

‘peTqeus aq 0} adeTd nusu eyQ = TequmNnueW
*MOPUTM 34} 0} TeqUTOd = MOpUTM
SLNdNI

*-poAeTdstpert st dtiq4s nusu aeyq ‘peTeesAer
ATQuUeTIMS nua ayy soeyoj}eul Joqumu nusul sy} Jo sseq ayy fI
"nueu BTOYM e& TO ‘WET ue ‘UB TQnS e SseTqeus pueumlod STUL

NOTDLONNA
0d OW
(TequnNnus_ ‘MOpUTM) NUSWUO
SISdONAS
We}T Nusu TO nuaU UeATH ayy eTqeue -—— nueWUO
aWWN
nuspuo

A -122

‘puno} oq jOouUeD YUOJ peTTsep xy} JT O1eZ ST Od
SNOT iddoxXd

‘-peitsep seynqtz33e
qZUOJ 32X98} SUA SeqTIOSep zeUuA eAN}ONIAS 134V}KOL BP = 139V7KE}
SLAdNI

“pepeotez zou st Adoo YySsTp euL
*poesn st Aroueu ut Adoo suyW ‘’Aroupu ut Apeorzte st UOJ sy} FI

*AZTourwu jUOy Jo jueuSheueul saTJOeSJo ATOZ [Teo ()}UOJesoTD
Hhutpuocdseiri0\ e YIM [Teo Stuy YyoReW OF JUeZTOdUT ST }I
“ST[TeO ()QUOgqeSOTD pue ()3U07JQeS YUeNbasqns UT pesn oq UedD 7eYW
qUOoJ SYUW OF AaqQUTOd e sumer pue ‘/ATOURU OFUT 4T SpeoT ‘YxSTp
uo 133V}x%e} peTjToeds oy YRIM JUOF ay} SpuTJ UOTJOUNF STUL

NOLLONNA
ow od
(139W3xe}) QUO TYsTqduedo = 7UOCF
SISdONAS

yUOJ YSTp e 0} AaqUTOd e yeb pue peot - jUOZysTquedo
GWYN

qu0,74s Tauedo

VOTASCSSOTO

OSTW dds
pournjel ST 1oIZe ue asta ‘/[nJssaoons JT oraz — AoIIZe
SLTNSAY
‘ssa00e SATSNTOXS
UQTA aeoTaep e Hbutuedo ysenber 072 pesn sodulTjoUlIoS
ST STUL ‘UOT}eULTOJUT OTJTOSdS TSeaTIp [euoTzTppe — sbeyTJ
“peZTTeTRIIUT SpTety ozetadoirdde
U}TM peumnzet eq 0} YOoT Asenber O/I ayy — ysenbeyot
“OTJToeds soTAVp ST Tequmu }TuN sy Jo Jeuloj
auL ‘“esOTAep Fey UO UadO OF TJaqumU 4TUN 93YyR — AequNN}TUN
aueu soTAep pe ysenbelr — surReNAep
SLAdNI
“yooTq ysenber O/I uaaTtbh ayy
SOZTTRTIIUT pue WTUN/aoTASp peureu oy} susdo uoTJOUNZ STYUL
NOT LOND
Td TW 0d OV 0d
(sheTy ‘ysenbeyot /‘Tequmn}tun ‘/saureNaep)eotasquedg = 101ie
SISdONAS
aoTAep e OF SseD0R UTeh —— soTAaquedoO
aWWN
a0TAequedo

A -123

ALeIATTSSOTD
OSTW dds

o18z asta ‘/uedo [n}Jssaoons e AOJ Aaqutod ArerqtT{T e — AreIqIT

SLINSAY
*‘peitnber ATeIqIT ey} JO uoTSsraA ay — UOTSIOA
uado 07 AireIqt{T ey} Jo ouwreu sy — SUeNQTT
SLAdNI
*pesoons [TTA
uedo ay} ueyy ‘/UCTSIeA poeysaenbezr ay} oO} Tenbe IO ueyy
qayeaeibh st uotsizaa AtTeIqI[T ayy JT pue ‘systxe st AIeIqTT
peysenber ayj JI ‘weysks ayy OUT peTTeqysut ATsnotaeid
sem yeu ATeAqTT e OF AaquTOod e suINjer uoTIOUNJ STUL
NOT LONNA
od TW od
(uoTSIea ‘ourenqt{)Arerqtyuedo = ArTeIqTT
SISdONAS
AleIqiIT e 0} ssaooe uteb —— Areaqtquedo
aWYN

Azeiqt quedo

‘pournjer ST soqynqtTr3#3e YseTeeu Say} YIM JUOJ e ‘aTqeTTeae

jou are petjtoeds aTAjs pue azts ay} ynq ‘puNoJ st AuUoj

poueu ay} JI ‘punoj oq jouued jUOJ peTtsep eyz JT O19ez ST Od
SNOT Lddoxd

peltsep saynqt1z33e
qUOJ 3X8} aU SeqTTOsep yey} aINQoONAAS 134WFXOL e — 19907K9}
SLOdNI

"SqUOJ WWY Jo jUusUwSebeueU

DATIOSTJa IO} [Teo JUOJesoTD HhutTpuodser1oS e YRIM [Teo

STuQ yo}eul oF jUeQZIOdUT ST ZI ‘“ST{[RO JUOJeSOTD pue JUOTIES

juenbesqns uT pesn aq ued pouInjer jUuoy ay} OF TajuUTod

aUL ‘patjtToeds saynqti74e ey seyojeU yseq Fey WUOZ 2x9}

sotyudeib ayy r0J soeds juojz uweyshs oy} SeyoTess UuOCT}JOUNJ STUL
NOTLONN

OV OW od
qtqisotyderb /(134W3xeq) JUOyUedO = UOJ
SISdONAS

‘quoy weysAs e OF} AaqQUTOd e jeb -- yuoJuedo
GWYN

quo juedo

A -124

roy Aztouseu AeTdstp oy azeooTTe uoTRInNAUL Hutaey ueyy
Jayzer ‘asn Of UOTATNAULT TOF dep;otq umo anoAd Atddns
usy} pue dWWLIGWOLSND beTjJ edAL ey} Jos OsTe Aeul nox
‘uaeitos
umo 2noXk st yOTYUM ‘NASYOSWOLSND ATUO epntTout pe zroddns
AjTjuerino sedAy *(NEAYDSWOLSND ©} Tenbe aq pr[noys sTtyy

‘uotytInqur Aq pojzeero jou useros Aue AOjJ) odAj uaeroOs = adAy,
“(req

STITT} Oy Se YONS) ST[TJ YOOTA AOJ ATequmu used = usegyooT,
“(req eT9TQ SYR UT

3X98} IO sqZebpeb se yons) sT[tejep TO} Aequmu usd = uadTtejed

‘soueTd—3tq jo tequmu = yjdaeqd

"JTOG|sey S,UeeTOS STYR AOJ BUbTEeYy su = 3ZUHTOH

“PIOdyseyY S,UseTOS STY AOF YFPTM oY = YIPIM

‘usatos Hhutuedo ayy jo uoty4tsod A TetRtut = obpydoy,
“(mou TOF

o1ezZ eq pTnous) useros anoA Jo uotytsod x [etqAtut = sbpAqyjeT

*UOTPEUTOJUT HUTMOTTOF Sy} YRIM pozTTeTITUT ST YOTYM
‘9In}ONI4S UseTOSMEN & JO soUe JSUT Ue OF TaejUTOd = UseTDSMAN
SLNAdNI

"()OTITLMOYS euTyNOIT 3YyW T[Teo ysnu NOA ‘/‘1Teq

OTT? Sy epTy OL ‘suedo ASAT} uUseTOS ay} UuaYyM pedeTdstTp
aq Of 2Teq STAT S,UeeTOS DY SESNed sTUL ~*peuedo sT
uaeerTos e UsYyM 4[Nejep Aq ANUL OF yes ST HET} ATLILMOHS SuL

*“SMOPUTM pue UdseT0S

oyu} YWOq Jo sieq 3T3TI SY} UO 4X9} SYR ‘03 PoeRTUTT OU ST
3nq ‘Sepn[ouT STYUL ‘“SMOPUTM S}T puUe UseTOS 3YuQ UT SIeadde
qeuQ 3x09 pebeueul_uoT}INQU] [[e AOJ UOJ A[Nejep oyyA se possn
eq [T[TTM Zuoumbrze ue se ATddns nok jyeyA Toequtod 139W}xX9L SUL

‘uaezTOS 343 UedO OF pesN sT 4T
aoqje ATezetpoumit pepzreostp oq Aeul 31N}ONIAS UdsdTOSMEN SUL
‘uaerIOS ve uedo 03 paepesu sjUeUMbre ayy JO [Te suTeQUOCD 7eUW

ammyonzAS e ST UdeTOSMeN ‘SIN}ONAAS UssTOSMON e JO soUe SUT

ue ezZTTeTytTut ysnu nod /()uaaerDSuedO [Teo NoA siOjeg VOINOSVYSSOTO

OSTW ddS

‘PpTIOmM
au} JO MeTA S,UOTIINQUT O}FUT WIOGMeTA S,UeaTOS STY} SYUTT
pue ‘ATazeTduoo sainqjzonz4sqns [[e pue sinjoNAWS useTDS 93yy
dn sjas ‘/suot}eooTTe eyj T[e seop FI ‘szejeurered petjtoeds
ayy OF Hutpioooe users uoOTRIN_UI Ue susdo puPUMIOD STUL
NOLLONNA

[nu este ‘/raequtod sommosai e ‘/[N}sseoons JT — seoimMose1r
SLTOSdY

*peqysonber soiINnosesl suQ jo oweu of} — sweNSot
SLNdNI

‘weysAs ay} OUT peTTe}sut

sjzobpey ‘/aTATLa [Nejad ‘yuog ‘adAy, ‘SapowmMeTA
Ajsnotaeid sem ey somMOssT e OF Zejutod e suinjer uotzounJ sTuL

‘uadyooTd ‘uedTteqzed ‘yyded ‘qybteyH ‘uyptIM ‘doL ‘ze

7UQTIM POZSTTeTITUT ST 21N}ONTAAS USSTOSMSN oA 2sIsYM NOILLONN a
OW
(UdeaTDSMON ) UGeTDSUedO TW 0d
SISdONKS (oueNSser)aoInosayuedO = sdIMNESeT
SISdONAS
useIOS UOTRINAUT Ue UedOoO --— uUseaZDsSuedoO
aWWN aoIMoOseI e 0} Sssaooe uTeb —— adIMoseyuedo
GWYN
aorINnossyuedo

userDSuedo

A -125

‘pebbeip eq 0} MOpUuTM STY} SMOTTe OVYCGMOGNIM O

:mMOpuTM ANOA 03 peyoezze juemM Nod sjebpeb weayshs oO
“SMOT TO}

se ‘/mMOpUTM STY} JO squUeUlerTNber anok Joy stetjtoeds = sbeTd
(req OTT} SYR se

yons) ST[T} YOOTA moputm Toy ({— IO) ATequmu ued = uUseqyooTE
-(req OTT} SYR UT 3x8eq TO Sjebpeb se yons) sTTejJep

MOpUTM JO burmerp ay}z TOJ ([- 1oO) Aequmu ued = UsdTTeIed

“MOpUTM STUY} JO QYHTSY TeTITUT oYyz = QUbTEH

“MOpUTM STYF FO YFPTM TeTRATUT oy} = YUIPIM

“moputmM ANOA TOF uotytsod A TeT}ITUT ayy = ebpgydoy

“moputTM INOA TOF uotRztTsod xX TeTITUT ay = SbpgqyeT

:eqZep HUTMOTTOF ey} YRTM pezZTTeTATUT ST YOTYM
/9an}ONIAS MOPUTMMEN & JO BoUe SUT Ue OF TaqQUTOd = MOPUTMMEeN
SLAdNI

-(T- 0} squoumbre ssey} jo TayjtTe Hutjjes Aq) peaysuT sued
S,udeIOS ey} aesn ueo nok Io ‘moputm ano Ioj suad Tetoads
Atddns ued nox ‘uedTTej}eqd butsn umerp aie 7xa} pue sjehbpeb
au} uayy pue /UaqyooT, ey} Hbutsn peT{TTF #SATJ ST aeq STATF
au ‘/aoueysuT Toy /HuTMerp weysAs TOF pesn ore UseqY{OOTA eyy
pue uagTtejed oyL ‘“dew4t@ umo znoA 0} Autod 4snu etqeTrea
dewatd eu} ‘38S ST dWWLId uddnS HbeTJ ey} JI “Useeros
paiepuejs oy} UT MOputM ANOK suedo uoTRINAUI eTOJeq 4SITF pousdo
aq I[TTMA 3#T /}OU saop FT JT ‘/szstTxe Apeorzrte useseTOS zeY} OU
Io TayjeymM aes 0} YOoYyoO TTTM UOT}IINIUI ‘/peaqysul ‘peitoubTt st
quoumbie uaser0s MOA ‘/suseXTOS prepuezsS S,uUOTIINAUT JO suo ==
adkL JT ‘puey Tey}ZO ey} UO “buTob moputm amoA yeb 0} pepesou
UuCT}eULIOJUT JUSUTZIEd ay} TOF YUeumbre usetDS MoKA sasn
uoT}IN}UI ueyL *()UeaTOSUadO 0} [Teo e eta Apesirte useoOsS
umo znoX pouado aaey ysnu nod ‘NAAYOSWOLSNOD == edAL FI

*MOPUTM

ayy uado 03 pasn ST 4T Jeqye ATejeTpowwT pepreostp oq Aeu
ainjonijs MOPUTMMeN euL ‘“MOpUTM e Uuedo OF pepssuU sjzUeUMbre
au} JO TTe suTe\UOD YOTYM ‘aemN{oONTS MOpUTMMEN e& JO soUeySUT
ue azTTeTyTUT ysnu nok ‘()Moputmuedo [Teo nok eroOjog

“Hutob yeh of

pesu nok butyzAreae sazeooTTe FI “umMo anoA jo Aue se [Tam

se sqobpeb weqsks petjtoeds ay} butpntout ‘yqdep pue ‘YpTA

‘aybtey ueaTtb ay} JO MOpUTAM UOTRINAUI ue suedo pueuUMlod STUL
NOLDLONNA

qYybTeHKXeW ‘UZPTMXeW ‘FUHTOHUTW ‘UIPTMUTW

‘dewitd ‘ueezosg ‘adAy, /}xeL ‘YyTe_YOeYyD ‘szebpeo

‘sbheTadWodl ‘sbeTd ‘/ueqyootd ‘UadTTeqed ‘YUSTSH ‘UApPTM ‘doL /3yeT
:UJIM POZTTeTRIIUT ST aINjoNI}S MOPUTMMeN ey} eToYyM

OW
(MOPUTMMAN ) MOpU TMUadO
SISdONAS
MOPUTM UOTRINAUT ue Uuedo --— mopuTMUuedo
aWWN
Mopu TMUedO

()eTatLMoys ‘()MoputTmMuedo
OSTW aaS

OUON
sond

“TITAN SUIN}JOeT eUTJNOI eyW ‘/HuorImM sao0b HutyqdAue JI ‘users
mou Inok 0} AaequtTod ayQ summer euT NOT 9yW ‘TTOEM ST TTe FI
LTASAY

‘sdepata ynoqe uoTjeUoJUT eTOU OJ Tenueu
STU} UT Taqdeyo ,SeATITUTId sotydei, sayy
pue [enue soueteyoy uoTRINZUL ebtTuy eyy UT Iaydeyo
,sueetos,, ay} ees ~*Arouwul AeTdstp anok saqtrosep
zeuy dewata ey} 03 WuTod pTnoys queumbre dep ytawoysnD
au} ‘uaeTOS STY} TOF pesn juem nod 37eyW Azourpul AeTdstp
umo rok aaey nok Jt ‘TeaemoH ‘paeroubT ST oenTea
stuy ‘dew3tq woqsno e SutAtddns jou oi,nok JI = dewjtquojsnp
“TIAN 03 38S eq PTNOYs sTYyy = sjzebpey
‘peonpoid oq [[TTM }xe3} OU
‘TTION OF 3S ST ZUSUMHIe sTyy JI ‘pezeUTulte;z-TTNU oq
TITM 3X03 euL “eq eT}TF S,UeeTDS 94 HuoTe peAeTdstp
aq [TTM }#eu} 3X9} JO aUTT e OF TaqUTOd = eTITLITNejod
‘uaerZos STYy} UT Uedo ZeYy SMOpUTM [Te puke UseTDS
STy} TOF |amnjzoNTAS 134V7XOL FINeJEp oy OF tajutod = 3u0g

‘apou ptatyAetd-Tenp 10} AdTwnad
‘seqtaids esn 0} UusetTOS STY} IO} SALIUdS
‘Qpoul padeTIaq4UT 0} YyoRTMS 03 AeTdsTp 9 IO} AOWTYALNI
"U3PTM SHYIH eq OF UseTOS STYA ACF SHUTH
sapnytout yybTu eseyL ~“Sepow’ WOdMeTA
adki eep ayy A0J sheT}J a 3etadoidde ey = SepoWMeTA
“nod

A -126

asn oui ybnoryy ATuO Aeb noA yey uoTyZouNF e ST YOTYM
‘RATASARZIS ST eTduexe Teyjzoue /(MOGNIM@SOTO ‘aouRrysuUT
IOJ) squeae Jo Yos uTeITaD e YNoge uTeaT OF FURM OP no&
3aX pue moputmM Mok OJ eTosuoo e uedo 03 butoh jou ere
nok uayum ‘st zeyQ /seseo souewrojied [Tetoeds 10j} dqWodI
aui jo abesn amok aartasay ‘“aTosuod ay} eTA sabessoul
quaae oy} Jo ysou Web OF 10a}zj}eEq IP} 3q TITM WT ‘aTOsuOCD
e pue qWOdI ue yzOq uedo 03 butob are nok JT ‘rsqueweYy

“90TAep eTOsuoS ay Ybnoryz butob

ueuy TeyQer /ATROSATP UOTFINQUT YIM soeJTE AUT OF

weiboid e SMOT[Te STUL ‘eOTAepP |STOSUOD 9Yy} eTA UeYA TOY;zeIT
dWOdI ay} Yybnoryy WUueAs jeYyW Jo sTTejJep sy ySRoOpeOoIg
pInoys uoT}#Inqul /ynoqe Mouy Oo} sjuemM werbord aAMok 3eY3
SInodo WUaAe UdaATh & JT FeUF UOTRIINQUL STTA} yes NOoA

Hety azayjo Arana ‘/shetj ,AJTrTeA, Tetoeds oy} oJ qdaoxy
‘sbeTJ eseyuj jo Aue butq3es Aq dqWOdI ue ysenber nox

"STTeJep ojoTduioo TO} ,, Tenuew

aouetTajey uoTRINAUI ebtTuy, Jo Taqydeyo ,spoyjzeW ynd3no

pue 3ndu],, ey} eeg *(adTASp aToOsuOS 9YyA eTA UOT eUTOJUT
HuTyseopeoiq YIM pereduioo se) MOpuTM sTYyy butTuedo st

2euQ YySe} oy YUFIM SUOT}eOTUNUMIOD 3O9eTTp IO} wey} esn pue
Syiod abessaul JO ATed e o}eaID TTTM UOTRINWUI ‘peyxoeTes st
sbeT] dWOdI oy} jo Aue JI ‘310d ebessowW suoT}eOTUNUMOD

qoartq uotzInZUl AOJ wKuoroOe |y ST dWOdI = s6heTadWodl

‘aTosuos ayy 10 dqWOdI
ay} Teu}tTe ybnoryy sjzueAe asey} eATedaz ued werbo1id
anox ‘sjuaae se jseopeoiq pue pedder} eq OF SjUaAa

uo}jnq esnou 7ZYyHhTT |ayR sesned ‘Jes UueYyM ‘dwWuLaWa oO
-At[njereo pue AT[NyFzYyhnoyA bet} styy
asn eseatd (‘rasn ay} Jepun worzy bur ynduTt eyy
butyueé Jo AZoasyo ayy saey PTNom YyoTYym ‘Butoh st yndut
au} eTeyM abueyo TTT Moputm meu MOA /s0ue SUT
Io} ‘uaezos Teyqoue yyATM buTyqeuos Hutop jJjo st
Zasn au} JI) ‘AaLWAILOW eq OU pTNoYys TajzeT peuedo
SIoujO [Te ynq /eUO GALWAILOW ue oq dn szreRs 3SATJ
uotjeottdde aznoXk ueya uedo nod MopuTma ayy eaey OF
Rapt pooh e ATTensn st 3I ‘“esnou pue pareoqhex sy
wolj yndut SeaTeder 7ZeY} SUC |YyA ST MOPUTM BAT ROR
SUL ‘“MOPUTM SATROR OY} SudodSq ATTeoT}ewoRNe OF
MOpUTM STY3 QUeM NOA FT Wes NOA HbeTJ ay ST ALVAILOW ©
‘pesooid nok arojeq }T pesu OU SeOp
ubtsap amof 4ey} eins ayeul os ‘ono TeNsTA ey Aeme
soye} rTapzoq ey} Aeme butye, ‘ueetTos punoirbyoeq
ou} pue SMOPUTM SNOTIeA UsemMj}oq UOCTSTATpP TeNSsTA
aTqepuedep ATuoO sy} ele STapiod MOpUTM ey, “users
au} UO UOCTSNJUOO Tensta asneo Aeul 3T souTs
‘ATTenseo yas of WueM NOA Fey HbeTF e Jou ST STYUL ALON
‘ugeIOS aITjUS SYyy STITT} eu MOpUTM e uado 0}
nok SMOTTe 3T asneoeq ‘(eaoge sas) beTJ doudiowd eyy
uytTM UuoTJOUNCUOD UT T{aM ATTe[NoT Ted YIOM [TTA STUL
‘beT] stuy butsn uaeros ayy JO Y4PTM s1TQUS 93Y4
ATSAOO MOPUTM e aAPYy UPD NOA BOUTS ‘UseTOS aITIUSe SY
Iaao eye, 03 Aem pooh e& ST STYUL ‘“SmMOpuTM TeoTdA
UWTIM aUoo 7eYU} Hbutoeds pue seuT{T Jepioq pzrepuejxs 34
Zeb Jou TTT noA 3nq ‘/MopuTmM ayy TOF paysenber oeaey
nok Azjebpeb ayy uo Hbutpuedep ‘AemAue hutpped Jepir0q

‘MOPUTM STU} ebuerzZe—-yjdep Tesn ey} S}eT HLdddMOdNIM

aaey Aeul MOpUTM Inox ‘hutpped Tepxroq z[Nejoep ou
U}IM MOpUTM e QUeM Nok JT FES aq pTNoOYSs SSaTwsaddod
*qWOdI ay} BTA UaxSTT 0} werboid ImokK SmoTTe Yyotum
/TAOWASNOW PETTeO Het} dWOdI ey} YZTM UoTOUNLUOD UT
yIom ued HbeTy sty, ~~ (buTpuezsyztTsjou OUAZOUAZAWWID)
MOpuTM INOA Jo TeuTOD WjaT Teddn ay A OF eATAeTOT
‘uOT3ISod esnoul WUeTIND 9y} Jo SezeUTpP1OOD K‘x

ay} SAeU TTTM eb noA 3eyy (dWOdI ey} UO sebessoaul 10
Sjuaaqgndul 1aey3te) syIodezr suUL ‘sqI0dei 7USURAOUI
asnou 3a6 03 werboid ay} asneo ueo Asay} esnedeq
‘sqabpeb Aq poeyoayye osTe ST asnow ayy 0} buTuaeysTT
ST moputTM 1noA jou IO TayzeUM *( )asnopqrodey

[Teo ueo nok ‘/moputa aMoA poeuedo aaey noA za yjye
asnou ay} OF Hutuae4st{T st moputm InoA jou Io TayzYmA
abueyo 0} WueM NOA JI ‘eaTWOe ST MOPUTM SRT
I2AZUSYM SAUZAD USURAOU SSNOoU OF} ,,USSTT,, OF werbo1d
au} juem nok jou Io ITey,eYyM saeTjtToeds YASNOWLYOdaY
"Tam Se SSATUACYOU 39S

“SmOpuTM dorpyoerq Tetoeds s,uoTRInNAUIT JO BuO aq OF
MOPUTM STUQ QUeM NOA WOU TO TSYySYA Satytoeds qouayowd
dVWWLId YadnsS Oo

HSaudau LYWWS ©

HSSudguy AIdWIS oO

:quem nof Jeyser Moputm Jo adAl,

-3nd3no aatsuedxe ynq Asea soonpoid OYaZOYUEZAWWID

‘“LHOIYGSZIS ST FTNejep ou

‘ZayyTeu yoaeTes noA JI “YyIoq IO WOLLOddAZIS 10

LHDINGSZIS Teyyte yoeTes ysnu noA ‘ONIZISMOGNIM

qoetes noA JI aLON ‘eAoge LHOIYEEZIS OF tejyort

‘sTteqep 10q ‘jebpeb butzts ayy Jo ezts

Teotskyd ay} TOF Wunoooe 03 paysn{pe Iepzroq woz30q

au Quem noX jou Jo Jayjeym AjJToeds 0} es no&

zeuy HeTy yobhpeb weqsds [eToods e ST WOLLOAAAZIS ©
-LHOINGAZIS ST 2INeJep eyQ ‘/ToeyyTEu AoeTes NOA JI
"uQOq IO WOLLOGEEZIS TIO LHOIYASZIS TeyyTe Ye: Tes
3snu nok ‘ONIZISMOCNIM 30eTeES no& JI ‘LON
-A[ [Teor YIea SeUTT
SSOT O03 HuUTT[TH ere pue WYIq Te}UOZTIOY aTqtssod
Azaad 3ueM 3eU} SUOT}eOTTdde ‘a0ueySUT ATOZ ‘IO
(seq [[OIOS aYT[T YOoT 03 dn suop sueeTOOg OM}
pue jebpeb [Teuotqz0do1zd e se yons) sqzebpeb rey Oo
IO} avoeds e1}xXe sYW 9SN OF FUeM 7eUF suotjeot tdde
03 [njesn ATATeTNoTZIAed aq T[TM STYL “YoeTS eyy
dn oye} TITA abpe yoTyM sjoetTes beT} WOLLOGdaZIS
ay} IO sty} Teyyte butqzW3es ‘MOpUuTM eyy
Jo (ayTT NoA Jt ‘yQoq TO) ATeproq wiojz}Oq SY} 10
{YybTI ayy TeuAZTe ut woor dn eyez /TTe Teqzye ‘ysSnu
jebpeb butzts aul ‘“jebpeb butzts ayy jo ezts
Teotskyd ay} Toy jUNODDe 03 paysn{pe Iepzoq qubT1
3uj juem nok you To TeyZeym AyToOeds 0} Jes no&

yeu3 Het] yehpeb weysMs Tetoeds e sT LHOIYMAZIS ©

‘uOT}eULTOJUT e1}XB TOJ swe}T WOLLOGEZIS

pue [HOIYaaZIS HutMo[ [OJ euy ees “LHOIuasZIS

ST y[Nejep ay ‘jou Op NOA JT ‘MOTEq WOLLOGEAZIS

pue LHOLIYaaZIS sbeT}] ey}z JO yWOq Io suo Ajfoeds

4asnu noX ‘jebpeb ONIZISMOGNIM ey} AOF yse no&

JI ‘“peZzts aq 032 MOpUTM STY SMOTTR ONIZISMOCGNIM

‘Jebpeb asoTo prepueys sy} sayoezze ASOTOMOGNIM

000

A -127

ue) “MOPUTM STUUR OF peyoezqe quem nok zey} szebpeb umo

anoK Jo 3ST[ paxUuTT Be JO 4YSAITJ eYyR OF AaquTOod e =

‘POJeATJOLUT IO pazeAT Oe sauloosq MOpUTM INOA

USUM T@ACOSTP OF MOCGNIMGAILOWNI pue MOCUNIMAATILOW 3°S

- (ATazewt xordde )

puooas e SdUIT} Ud} SjUeAS TouIT} SeATSOeT UOT IINAUT
“ques

aq jOU [TIM ebessoul Toyjouer /3T 0} peT{[der 4, ueary

pue abessoul SYOILININI ue jUas useq aa,noA jeyy

SooTJOU UCTRIINGUI JI ‘ouwTz e Ze obessow SYOILININI
dn—penenb suo ATuo yeb [Tt nok ‘yes heTF sty YIM
‘a0TAap TeuT} ey butTbeuew pue Hutuedo ptoae nok

djey Aew RT /auO SAT}OR SYR ST MOpUTM INoA UBYM
UOTRZINAUL WOTJ sjJUaAS ToUIT} eTduITs no& saath SYOILININI
‘preogkay ay3 uo yonz43s Aey oy} Hbutjuesetder AoJoORTeyO ke
SPU PTET] apod au} eTeYyM Saebessewtnqjul yeb [TT noA
‘beT] stu} yes noA useymM ‘SsiexoOeTeyo I[IOSW st

deuXoy 3INejap oy ‘WSN euy UI ‘“sedTASpP aTOoOsuOD sy jo
dewkay Ta,ORTeYO J[Nejep juerIND sy} OUT poezeTsuery
quaAd AGYMWUY epoodkey MeT OY ST AGAVITINVA

‘mopuTM InoA 03 xa} JO yndyzno oTQeUE SAS

ou} pue eqep yndut jo ,butyxooo,, eyz ATqejou

jsoul ‘sormn}eay aTosuoo ay} Jo TTe esoT no& abuereyoxse

ut ‘asimmoo JO ‘asnoul pue preoqkex ey} wor qndut

a6 0} BOTAep eTosuOoS e Uado OF pseu 9Yy Sa zeUTUTTS
ATeat{oejje shell ASNOW ey} pue sTYyR Hutz es *butsn
alIojeq abesseul 032 aAeYy [TTT NoA yotyum ‘sepooksey mez
ATeaynjtosqe ere ssoeyj 72eYy} SION “dWOCI SeYyF eTA
pe}}tusuer} oq sqUeAe ARYMWU TTe Feu} SeTJToeds AGYMVY
“Q0TAep aTOSUOD ay} UeY TeuzeIT qWOdI ey} Yybnory} peyseopeorq
Sq }USAS MOGNIMASOTO eu} 2eYU} SeTJTOeds MOCNIMASOTO
‘werboid aznod&

0} JUSS aq ejep TequmNNUeW ey seTJToads YOIdNNaW
‘qWOdI eu} YbnoryZ 4seopectq oq [TTA RJ Sy} ‘70S
HET] ATINAATAY OuX UITM pazeezo sary nod yey} Jebpeb
e ,Saseetel,, Tasn ay} usym 7zeYyR SaeTjToeds dnLadSdVvo
-qWOdI ey} YybnorA yseopeoiq eq TTTM We Sy} “Wes
HET] ALVIGSWWISGWS ey YATM pezeetoD saey noA jebpeb
e ,SqoeTes, Jesn oy} ueym }eyR setytTooeds NMOGLASAYS
‘dNOdI ey} Yybnoryy peytoder

aq T[TTM S}UsURAOU OSNOU [Te UeYL “FES ASNOWMOTIOM
HelTy euy sey sqzebpeb ano& Jo auo JT Io (aaocge 30s)
Hel} ASNOWLYOdaY ey} yes NOA FT ATUO S¥IOM AAOWASNOW
‘abessou Aue

butpues NouIM 3T UTM STeep UOTFINQUT ‘Joebpeb e
I2@AO UO}RYNQ 4oSETaS aU} SYOTTO Jesn 3y} JI “pe yodar
aie UOTIINAUI OF HutTyZoU uesU yey SzUeAe ayy ATUO
LON ‘SQuUaAo uMOp/dn u0z4NG-esnou yNogqe szTOder
SeaToo0eI weibord aznoA seins aeyeuw [TTT SNOLLNAGASNOW
"SMOPUTM HSHudaa LYWWS

pue HSSudaY AITdWIS yytTM ATuo asues soeyeul beTj

stu, ‘“butysetjet speou MOpUuTM amok 1JsaasueyaM WUEeS

aq O37 obessoul Be asned [TT ‘Qes USsUM ‘MOGNIMHSHYATY
*“MOPUTM OU} JO OZTS MoU

aU} JeAOCOSTp OF |9ANAONIAS MOpUTM ANOA UT seTqeTrea
aZTS oy} ouTUeXxe ptnoo nok ‘jutod sty} IW

‘moputm rmoX peztser sey Jesn ay} Teqje ebessaul qNodI
ue puas 0} UOTRINVUL STTO FeUW Het} ey} ST AZISMAN
‘ZISMAN butsn Aq 4T yNoqe yo puTy ueo werho1d

anoX ‘moputM ay} pezts sey Jesn ayy teqgw i ATIduwuord
Atdari ‘saeataoer werboid anoA aebessoul qWodI Aue YIM
sXemjte se ‘pue ‘ATbutzeds Hbe{jJ sty} osn OF Tequeuey
‘SssouT[pueTijun_tasn Jo [etquejod aatjebeu zeerh

au} SZeyjns yotum ‘set{tder weibord ey} [Tun yTeM

TIT Jasn ayy yey} Bbuthes A[Teer st soet{tder wesboid
anoK [t}un ()3TeM [TTA uoTRINQUI 4eYyR HutAes :ALON
“HUTZTS ou} YIM peseooid oj} AYybTr [Te

ST 31 3eUQ SoTTdez werbord ayy [tj}uNn ()3TeM pue
abessoul XJIMAASZIS Oyu werboid oyQ pues [TTT uot zTnN{uI
‘@ZTS O32 S}UeM TJosSN ou UeYyM ‘UdeUL “HeTy stu

Jes ‘os op og *(aouRysUT IOJ /3xe3z TeOTATIIO) aoetd
saye} Hurzts ay} eTojeq seyeTdwoo yndyno penenb Aue
zeU eas syew oF QUeM Aew NOA ‘MOpUTM 94} 2ZTSeT

O} SqURM TOSN 3yuy JI ‘“MOPUTM oy JO 9aZzTs JUEeTANSO

294} Jo ebpeTMouy e uo spusdap jeu MOpPUTM 93

O} 3nd3no spues werbord ay UsYyM pesn ST AAIYHANZIS
‘op noA 3eyQ earns

ayeu 03 HbeTJ sty} yes ued nok ‘sueddey sty eTojeq
ynd3zno [Teotyderzb ano ystutjJ 0} peou noA JI ‘“uMeIp
ore snuaul oy} eTOJeq useTOS dy} UT SMOPUTM [Te

03 3ndQno butjdnazazraej4uT SsaeaTOAUT YOTYM

‘Kem Ruaetotyje—Arououw jsoul oy} UT uMeIp ATQUeTAIND ore snueW
‘snuoul oy HuTMeip eTOJeq MOpUTM 9eyR OF YNndyZNOo
Teotyude1rb [Te ysTUTJ 03 werbord anoA IojJ 3Tem pue dojs
UuOT}FINAUT aaeYy OF ROS NOA HeTJ ay ST AATUBGANNGW
-peuedo st raqysoenber

au eLTOJeq puodsaz 03 werboid ayy sertnber

AALUBAOTU SPoTOUM ‘pouedo sey Taysenbezr e yey werbo1d
amo s{t{e} AjTeteu LasoOaY “AAIUYAAOTA WOLF YOUTISTp

ST uOoT}OUNJ STUL ‘“eAode yYWaTIOOGU UTM SsTYyF aredwod
‘“MOpUTM IMOA ut pouedo st Taysoenber AsATJ yA UsYyM
yseopeoig e& aeATader OF Yos NOA ZeYR HeTJ e ST LHSOdY
‘(AATUAAOTU Hutsn are nok zeyA butTumseid)

utTebe 4ndyno 71eWs 03 NOA AOJ ayes ST YT pue

MOpUTM INCA WOTJ peTeeTO st Jaysenbez yseT ey UusYyA
uoT}eOTFTJOU ob OF Yos NoA HheTZ oy} ST YWATOOdY

*daqs uotzeotjtzaa Fey ACF

yse 03 6eT] styy eS ‘Aesn 9y} AIOJ Aaysenber e sey
wo3sks oy} UeyM IOJ saoh ours oy, ‘dn jos oaey nod
3sonbeynd ayy dn butrq 03 paeMoTTe st Aasn syW srTOjaq
Hbutmeip pesesd saey nod ey eins aeyew OF YSTM

Tits Atqeqozd noX ‘moputm 3eyQ ut butaerp ere nok

JI ‘MOpuTM MOA uT e Rep Teotyderzb Jo eTbhuejoe1r e jo
HuTMerp ey4 se yons ‘/sueddey AreuTpio0e13xXe BHuTyjoulos
aIojeq jWUueosetTnb st a3ej4s Teotyderb mod 3eyR ens
ayeu oF QUeM NOA jeY SaTjJtTosds ‘(moTeq aes) AATIYGANNAW

Oo

Oo

pue XAINSANZIS @ATT ‘3eU HeTF e ST AAIUZACAU O
:MOTeq poutetTdxe ore jes ued noA sheTF syuL
"()aqWOdIAJTpoW euTynor ey} [Teo NoA /(dWOdI eu
Butso[To To Hhutuedo butpn{touTt) moputm ay} peuado sary
noA zaqjye dNOdI ey} Jo a3e4s eYyW ebueyo oF AUeM NOA JI

“RAIYSASZIS OF ACM OU

aaey NoA /aoueSUT JOY ‘“MOPUTM STYRZ AOFJ peusedo aTosuood
2 CTA ST MOPUTM STU} TOF AUueAD MOputTM Aue YnoGe UTedST
ueo noX& Aem ATUO oy pue pezeeTO ST qWOdI OU ‘OIezZ OF
Tenbe st Zueumbre shelTAdWOdI eyA Jt ‘puey reyRO ey} UO
‘(ATWOSITp UOT}INAUI OF YTV} OF ASM

Aue no& aath Jou seop aeTosuoo ay asnedeq) dWOdI ey} Fo

A -128

()sqrutqmMoputm /()seTaTLMoputmzes /()dWOdIAJTpow ‘ ()ueerosguedo
OSTW gas

*suedo 3T UsYyM sUO SATIOR

au} buTwooeq WoT} MOpUTM INCA QuaAerd T[TM ey sbuTyW

Op 0} eTqe ST Jesn eyL ‘“ATuo Arostape AT}UeTIND st ALVAILOW
sond

“TTAN Suinjezr 3T ‘Huorm seob butyyAue JI “mMoputTM mau INo0A Jo
aimmjonrASs Syuy OF TJeqzUTOd e suIN}eT pueuMOD STYy ‘TTeM ST TTe JI
LTNSda

“Woy e2TTeryrur
0} aaey jOU Op NOA pue peTOUHT are saTqeTrea aseayy

‘uoTt3do OSNIZISMOGNIM ey} peysenber jou eaey Nok jI
“ouTqNOI ()SzTWTTMOpuTM ey butT[Teo Aq peuedo st MopuTm

SUON au} Teqjye pebueyo oq ued SRIUMTT oyL ‘“SstTxe 7eYyR jo
OSTW das uOTSUSUTp 3UEeTIMS sy OF ES eq TTT FTWTT 7eYuR Feu SuPoSUl
YOTYUM /O1eZ 0} peZzTTeTRTUT eq ued esey} Jo suo Auy
SUON ‘pezoubt ere Aayy ‘are AdYQ JI ‘“ezTts yUeTIMSO syW ueyy
song ZeTTeus eq sumutxeul ayy ued TOU ‘/aZTS YUeTIND sy ueyy
qa}eer1b aq JouueS sumuTTUTU ayQ 3eUQ Aes OF ST YOTYUM
*uado ‘SeNnTRA eTqeuoseer oq jsnul esau, “MOPUTM STU TOF
you ST userOS youeqyIOoM ey pue Huoim Ue ButyjAue JT asiwd S}TTT ezts ayy = 3ubTeHxXeW ‘UDTMxXeW ‘qubtequUTW /‘UAPTMUTW
‘pousdo Apeeirte "pazoubt
sem zo A[T[njsseoons peuedo user0s youeqyzrom ey} JT gNUL ST Zajutod stu. ‘dWWLId@ uadns you st edAj Ieqyser
LInsayY ou JT ‘TeAeMOH “IN }ONAAS dept ey Jo souejsuT e
0} squTod enTeA styy ‘MOpuTM STUY TOF Quem Nok Iaeyser
SUON jo adXj ayy se dWWLId uadns petytoads aaey noA jt = dewqta
SLNdNI ‘useI0S UMO
mo Jo aimyonz}s ey} OF WUTod YsnU STYW ‘NAAYOSWOLSND
“quem noA JT onTea winjer ayy ezoUubTt == odk} JT ‘TaaemoH ‘peroUubT st jJueumbire sty} ’sueetos
ues noX ‘/antTea TOOd & UIN}eT SeOop sUTINOI sTYyQ Yhnou} useag piepuejys s,uoT}INAULT Jo suo st adA} MOA JT = UseTOS
"dSTWd Suanjezr 31T ‘’buorm saob Hbutyjeulos JT /qnNUL N@aYOSWOLSND oO
suinjer sutznor styuy ‘AT[Njsseoons suedosr useio0s NGYYOSHONdEM O
yousqyIom au JI ‘YyoueqyzomM ayy uedoez 03 sydue ze eUT NOT STUL sapnjTout eTqeTteae sedAy, *(aaoqe 3x9} 909s)
NOLLONNA uaetos wojsno e peuedo Apesizte saey ysnu nod ‘/NAAYOSWOLSND
sTenbe stu} JI ‘“MOputTM sty r0zy adkj uaetos ayy = add
()youegyromusdo TOOd *(9xeq Ou
SISdONAS quem nok Jt TIAN oq Aeul) moputm anoA Jo req 9T}T} SYA
uo 1evedde [TIM 7eYyW 3Xeq JO SUTT pezeUTUTez-TTNU e = }xXAL
usetos youseqyIomM eyz uedo -—— youegyroMuedo “TION OF FUOUMHbIe STY} Jos /YTeuRjOSYyo UMO Ss, UOTFINAUI
AWN asn 03 ATeyezmd pue Azebeur umo anod ATddns of Wuem

jou op nok JI ‘peyreuyoeyo oq 03 ST sue qrnueW moh
jo Aue usys posn juem nod Azoebeull eyy sutTequoo 3zey4

youeq yTOmMUadO ainjonaz4s abewl ay} JO soureysuT ue Oo} JaquTod e = yrTeWY{oeyo
‘umO ANOA Jo sqebpeb ou aaey NoA JT TIAN oq

A -129

aTpuey e{tjJ e 0} TaqutTod Tdod - STITH
SLTNSda

(-qyndut vas ‘3ndut [Tet3ytut ayy AjtjuepTt OL)
-and3no asn noX ‘/atTpuey eT[t}y yndyno TetytTut s,werbord ayy AJTQUepT OL
NOLLONNA

od
()4qnd3qno = eTTF
SISdONAS

‘aTpuey STTJ yndyno TeryTuT swerfhorzd ayy suTwajeq —— 3nd34no
HAWN

3nd3no

sond
ainjonijs eTbueqoay oF JejuTOd = aTburejoe2
ammyoni4s uothay oF AaqjuTod = uotbo2
SLNdNI
uoTber ay} 0} UOTIOd ZeUW
sppe ‘uotber ey} uT OU ST aTbhueqoaerT Jo uotzIod Aue jI
uot }oUNny
Te oe
(aTbuejde7 / uoTbHalz ) uUoTbay}OeYIO
SISdONAS
uotbhbet ut 4[Nser butaeay,T ‘uotbet yy
aTbuejoet Jo uotzetedo YO puodes wiojted —— uoThey}oeYIO
GWWN
uoTbay 7oaYIO

A -130

YOOT e& OF TeqzUTOd Tdod - YOOT
SLTINSda

YOOT e& OF TaqUTOd Tddd - YOOT
SLNANI

‘wo3sAs Hut[t} Ruermo
ou} Jo }OOr ay IojJ (09) OCt9z oq Aeul ATqQuezedg Jo A[NseT suL *330N

-K10jOeAITp yueTed syT JO YOoT eyy summer pue ATOROSTTp IO a[TJ e YIM
peyetoosse YOOT e& saye} Atqjuereg ‘ST }eUL “ATOROSITP IO STT} e Jo
Aio}OaITp Wuered ayy UYTA peRzeToOoOsse YOoT e suIN}OT UOTIOUNJ sTUL

NOLLONNA

Td 0d

( YOoT )rTaqyuerTeg = YooT
SISdONAS

STT} TO AroVOsATp e Jo QuaeTed ayy uTeIGO —- ATq}UeETed
aWWN

ITqQ{zUsTed

32}3TTAUMOS Td
osTw gas

SNYN LAY
SLNdNI

‘guop ATTen}oe st HbuTop useeq eaey Aeu TOFAZTTGA 9yF FEU FTTA

snotaeid Aue [Tjun sytem yoTym ‘3TTAITeM TTeo PTNoys TeuMO Mou

auy ‘butsn AjT[Tenjoe elojyog “yASe} STUW Aq pesn aq mou ued pue

I Butsn srayjO wWorTy peyooT useeq sey 183z}TTA Sy} USYM susan joy
NOLDLONNA

() 1849 TTAUMO
SISdONAS
abesn a3eatid IoJ 1999TTQ ey} ob —— TST TaAUMO

GWYN

19331 TAUMO

A -131

prqiod
OSTW dds
-(HuTyoITMsS-yseqz smoTTe ATTeuTy S,pTqziogq Jo jas e HuTMOTTO}J
S,jTw1aq JO Aequmu Tenbe ue ATuo) s}seu uoTZoOUNZ ()ptqzioq oy
aouTS [TRO STU} Teqjye pez\Tuted oq A[T1essedeu jou TTTM HbuTyo TMs yseL
NOTLONN
!()3TuW0q
SISdONAS
()ptqzog e butmoTToJ butysez—TA [Nu yTwWIed —— yTwWed
AWWN

}TuWed

“4STTO ay} UT yTeU aYyZ We ezAq 9A

ayAq
SLTNSAY
“suoTqOUNJ 4ST[O TOF
poesn oq ued 3eY} YSTTO e AO} 1ORdTIOSep pzombuoT e
- 4STTo
SLAdNI

‘yreul dU ATA pe eTooOsse
ASTT ZayoORTeyO oyu} UT yTeU aYyQ We eNTeA azfq |YW SUN {EY

NOLLONN
OW od
(4STIO)yTeWIOYeed = 374q
SISdONAS

yreu ayy ye 4STTO ayy UT a7A4q ayQ We yYeod — yTeWTOYXeed
aWWN

yTeWIOAeed

A -132

SUON
OSTW duds

OUON
sond

3UON
LINSda

-4yTog}sSeY ay} OT BYXOLTNIUI ayy Jo Yessjo doz = obpadoL

‘TOg}SeY GYR OUT 7FXOLTINQUI aYyR Jo Yesjjo AJoeT = ebpazet

-9amjoni4s 4XaL_tTnqQuI ue of Joaqjutod = 3xaLI

"4x03 OY} JO UCTReUTASEp Wlog}sey ay} OF AaequTod = yodysey
SLAdNI

*(sTTe\¥ep TOJ uoT}Oes NOILONNA STUyy
Jo do} ouy 0} UINQET) [TEM se UMeIpP ST }XeLTNIUI 3xXeUu 9Yy}
‘Olaz—uou ST USUMHIe YXBLTINIUI ey JO PTETF FXELIXON OQ FI

‘abpe S,MOpuTM 93YyR ze peddT[o eq [TTA
Slajoereyo ANCA ‘moputTM AMOK Jo aptsqno 7xa} 4uTAad no& JI
‘aqzetTidoidde se butddtTo-moputm uoTRINZUL Sseop suT NOT STUL

“squoumbie doqz/zjeT eyy Aq yesjjo sajzeutp100o A‘x

3XOLTINAJUI ey 2e WOGyseY eYyR OFUT 7X98} OYA SqUTId UsyR ‘seNTer
yxaLTnqUI eyy Aq petytoeds se yIOdZseYy 3uy dn sjoes AI

-jrogjsey petytoads ay} OUT }xeLTNZUI ayy szUTId eUTyNOT STYL

NOILONNA
Td od TW Ow
(abpadoy ‘/obpazyJol ‘2XOLI ‘Wod}sey)FXeLIFQUTAd
SISdONAS
juoumbie 3xXoaLTNIUL 3yA Of HuTprO.Oe 7x98} eYA qutid --~ 4xaLiqUTId
aWWN

3xeLIqUTId

()aveig
OSTW dS

uMOUYy eu0U

sond

ated (A’x) 3saTj 0} Jaqutod = Aerie

sated (A‘/x) Aezze ut sjutod jo Jequmu = 7uNod

aimjonijs Wog sey OF TaquTod = daz
SLNdNI

‘ited butpesoons AteAe 0} pue FT

0} SeUTT pezoeuUOCD smeIp ‘Ited 4sITF Sy YFTA butz1e4s
NOILONNA

oe Op T[e

( Aezze ‘ yunoo ‘di )me1aqgdAT[od
SISdONAS

-sonqTea (A’x) Jo aTqe} worjy seuT—T Meip —- mMerqATOd
AWN
merIghATOd

A -133

poppe eq 3oU pTNoo ajAq sy SsazeoTpUT O1ezZ—uOoU

- IolIIs9
SLINSaY
ASTT TeqZoeTeyo ay} JO pus sy} OF ppe OF 334q SUL
- a7hq
"TOOLIYS IO YsTIOOOTTW Aq peurnjzer se
/4STT Taejorreyo sty ebheueul OF pesn Joapeey YSTTO Sub
— 4STTO
SLAdGNI
"4STITO
ayy Aq peqtzosap 4STT TeqzoerTeyo oy} Jo pus sy OF az4q & SPP
NOILONNA
od Ow oa
(aqz4q /4STIO)TeYOTIONd = OTe
SISdONAS

4STT TaZOeTeyo e JO pua ay} OF 93Aq e ppe —— TeYyOTOINd
WYN

zreyotojnd

‘poppe jou saqfq Jo Tequmu oy} sajeoTput o1ezZ—-uUOU

— 210119
SLINSdY
‘Iajjnq ey} UT ejyep jo saqjdq jo Tequmu sul
— YQbueT
“4STT
JayOeIPyoO ay} SZTTRTIIUT 03 pesn ejzep o3hq 03 JaquTod ¥
— desjgnq
"asTIoooTtTw Aq poumnqzer se ‘4STT
Tayoereyo styuy sbeueu oj poesn A0jJdTIOsep ASTTO SUL
— 43STTo
SLAdNI

‘JOeqUT SUTeURA e}ep TJeyjnq oul
‘ST AaqVoRTeyo e 0} AayjJnq ezep ey JO squazUOO ayy spueddy

NOTLONNA
Td LV OV 0d
(yqbueT ‘reygjnq /4sTtIO)jJn@1O3Nd = AOE
SISdONAS
4STT ZTejJORreyoO e OUT e}ep snonbTjUuOCD PeAUCD —— JngTO 3nd
aSWWN
sngTO wd

A -134

sond

uoot3ng /Aoelqoystaeerzq ’yelqoYsTtayz@d

OSTW das
SNOI Lda OxXd
pepesoons [[eo syy Jt O1ez—uou -— sn}ze js
SLINSaY
qoefqoysta e 0} Tejzutod e —- [qoxsTp
qoelqo ay} jo suru ——- oueUu
SLNdNI

*sqoefqo ysTp roOjF
aTdt1} ee1g/,e9/4Nd eB ST BTEYY OS pepTAocId YyROG are AOuL
"TeRoTjUept A[TeuoTyounJ ere uooljng pue Aelqoxstajnd

-()ITGOI eta poutejqo oq Aeul sIN{[Te}F sy} AOF uoseot

cuUL ‘peuIN}zer oq [[TM O10ezZ e ‘/STTeF [Teo ou JI “FTF OF
popuedjsod ,,oyut’,, @ UTM Jeqjourerted oureu oy oq [TT eTTF
OJUT eyy JO oweU STT}F SUL ~“UOT}eUTOJFUT pe zeToOOSse

S}T pue aimjoniys Yalqoystd e yno sazTAzm ouUuTANOT STUL

NOIZLONNA

TW OW od

( Cqoystp ‘oureu )jo0elqoystaqnd = snzeysS
SISdONAS

ASTp 03 yYoOaelqoysta e yNo |zTIimM —— yoelqoystaynd
SWWN

qoefqoystaqnd

OM} IO
ozaz skemTe ST 1TOIZe os ‘/poeppe jou ere Spio0om TeTI1ed
-peppe jou seqfq jo requmu ayy sazeoTpuT O1ez—uoU

— doiza
SLTNSAY
ASTI TaejoerTeyoO oy} JO pus ayy OF ppe OF PIOM SUL
= p10om
"TQ0LI3S TO asTIOOOTTW Aq pournjer se
/ASTT TeqZoOeTeyO sty ebeueul oF poesn Aepesy 4STTO SUL
— 4STTO
SLANT
‘4QsTTO
auj Aq peqtiosep 4YSTT Taejoereyo aeyy JO pus sy} OF PIOM ke PPT
NOILONNA
od OW od
(pi0om /4STTIO)pIOMTID Nd = TOTS
SISdONAS
3ST[ ZTaeqQoereyoO e JO puse ayy OF PIOM e ppe —— prOMTO Nd
AWN
PIOMTOFNd

A -135

bswATdey ‘bsyw qe
OSTW dds

abessoul e O32 TaqQUTOd — abessoul
j10d abessaul e 0} TaqQUTOd -~ yIOod
LAGNI

‘SOW1dI dW JO NOILOW dd
UT OS ONTeA 3yQ UO HuTpusdep paeyoseTes ST uoTIOe SUL
qdnizezut eremMqzjos e osneo “¢
ydnizezUt aeremyjos e asned “¢
yse} ueaTb e Teubts °Z
uotj}oe Tetoads ou ‘T
3nd st obessoul e UeyM
IND0O Of OS |q UedD SUOTIOR HUTMOTTOF ey} Jo suo Auy

"qatod zeyA 0}

yoreq jUuaS oq [[TM }T ‘/Aeateoer oy Aq pettder st aebessou oy}
ueyuM /OTez—uOU ST pTeTy WogATdaey ey} JI ‘“SyxSe} PeATOAUT
au Aq dnjes suotjuaauoo Sut[puey ehessou oy} uo spuedep
STU} eSINOD JO ‘“Aeatacdsr oy Aq poet{[dezr useq sey }T TTRuUN
abessoul oy} aToAdar Jou pTnoys yse} Tepues aus, ~ATOURU
abessoul ours oy} ereys syse} HutjZertadooo ‘/petdod you sie
sobessaul asnedeg ‘wioy IO azts Aue Jo aq ued Apoq obessoul
SUL ‘owt e 3e yIOd |BUO ATUO 03 peyoerqze aq ued Sabessey

‘usTueyooul HuTpues abessou butAdoo-uou /ysej e septaoid 4I
‘yiod abessour uaaTb e OF abessoul e sayorj}e uoTIOUNJ STUL
NOIZDONNA

TW OW
(abessour /3170d)bspwand
SISdONAS

tod abessaul e 07 abessoul e 3nd —- bswand
aAWWN

bswand

sond

OSTW dds

SNOI Lddoxd
pepesdons [TRO ey Jt OTSez—uou -- sn zejsS

SLTNSAY
qoelqoystd e 0} AeqUuTOd e —-- uUodT
zoalqo ay} Jo oureu —- oureu

SLAdNI
ouT NOT
Sty} JO peaysut jZoelqoystajnd esn 0} pebeinoouse ere siesn
‘sqoefqo YSTp IojJ
@Tdt1} 9eIG/89/4jNd & ST aTaYyR OS peptTacid yRoq oie ABUL
"TeoTQuept ATTeuot}oOuNy ore uooy3ng pue yoelqoystdjnd
*()TIGOI eTA poutejqo oq Aew aIM{Tej ey} AOJ uosvear
SUL ‘“peuinjoer oq [TTM OF9zZ e ‘STTeJ [Teo syy JI “FT OF
pepuedjsod ,Ojut’, e YIM Tejourered sureu oy} eq [TTA aTT}
OjuT ey} JO oweuU ATTJ eyuL “UOT}eWIOJUT pajzeToOOSse
S}T pue eanjoniqs joelqoystd e 4yNO sayTIm seuTANOT STYUL

NOT LONNA
TW OW 0d
( uoot ‘oweu )uod] 4nd = snyzeqs

SISdONAS
ystp 03 yelqoystd e Jno 3a4TIM —-~ UOodT INd

GWYN

uoo[ 3nd

A -136

Y°3tTqd 3TTasdo

OSTW dds

UMOUY DUON

‘TJORITTA UMOSTG/uUMO UPyZ AJenenb syW butsn

peeutsaAO seTOW ST oSY SFITTQ [Tews TOS ‘’TeaemMOYH *1994TTauUMOSTd
pue TezATTGUMO eTA 18}}TTQ ey} oSsN OYM vsoUuR JO BUOATJ uT 43nd
aie Toeuueyo sty} ybnory} obesn 12843TTq AOJ sqsenber ‘Tersueb ult

‘noX toy Apear st 198}zATTq ey} USsYUM pEeTTed ST oUTANOI INOZ

eammyonz4s 4YITq eB 03 AaquUTOd = dq

y'4TTq/eremprey ut uMOUS ST emMQONAAS 19AqWTTq e Jo Tapesy sUL
“Tenueu sty UT Aoqdeyo ,,seat3tutazg sotydery, oy} UT

3TTAO Jo sesn oy} pue srmnj_oNzAS 4ITq eYyA JO UOTAdTIOSEep ay 39eS
"I9VATIGQ ey 4ATe4s pue sjuajUOO AaqAstTher oyW Ajtoeds ATIOSeATp
ueo no& 3ey} sueseUul STUL ‘“Ss3sonbezr s,aestTa suoAue yyTM Asnq jou
ST 3T ‘°° Feqarttq eyy FO TorTRUOD UT are NOA ‘poeT{[eo ST suT ANOI
amoX ueym “ysonber otstoeds sty} 0} punore sjab ATTeuTJ enenb
I2a3TTq ey UeYyM PeTTeO aq OF ST YOTYM suUTyNOI ANOA JO ssaIppe
ay pue uoT}eUNOJUT YUTT ayy ‘ShuTYyy TeyjO buowe ‘huTutejuoo
emm}7onIAS YITQ e OF SjZUTOd dq AaqZuTOd syL ‘enenb 1334TTq 3UeTANSD
au} Jo pua oy} OF 7ARATTGC syQ Jo asn ayy ACJ Ysonbear e syUTYT

sond

ALON

LIAS

SLAdNI

NOILONNA

TW
( dq )3T[do

SISdONAS

ebesn 1934TTq rA0J ysenbez e dn ananb — 4ATTdoO

SWWN

4T TAO

sond

OSTW dds

SNOT Lddoxd
‘pepesoons [Teo ay} JT OTez—uou -—- snje js

SLTINSdY
4no ueq4TIM aq 03 yelqo YyOUeEqyIomM eyy —— eflqo
qoefqo ayy jo suru -— ouweu

SLNdNI
-youaqyiom oy} 03 sebueyo yorry
ueo jeU} Stesn TeuTejUT A0J ATUO poepuseqUT ST SUTANOT STUL
-()ZIGOI LTA poutejqo oq Aeul oINTTeJ sYyz AOJ UuoSeeT SUL
‘oraz eB UANJOET TTT AT ‘/STtey TTeo eyy JI “FT OFUT USzQTIM
UOT}eULTIOJUT JUSPTSeT-YsTp Ssyz saey TTT ouweu eTTF 4euUy
pue ‘31T 03 pepuedjsod ,ojut’,, @ Saey TTT Isajouezed oureu
SUL ‘“ASTP 03 Welqo YyOuSeqyIomM e SezyTAM SUuTANOT STUL

NOILONN
TW OW od
( qoalqo ‘oureu )30eCqogM}Nd = snjzejs

SISdONAS
qoelqo youeqyroM e yNO aRTIM —- qo0aCqogdm3nd

AWWN

qoelqoaM4nd

A -137

Jabeyut — yybueTtenqoe

SLTINSAa

Jaebe ut — yybueT
Tejjnq e JO UOT}eOOCT ASAT} SYR JO sserppe — Aezjnq
eTpuey eTT}J e OF AaqQUTOd Tddd — STTJ

SLAdNI

‘peTTeo st 4T ueym (T-~
s[Tenbe yybueTtTenqoe ‘olTdurexe Toy) AoTTe ue Ynoqe uoT}euUIOJUT eToU saath
()axqoyT °*()ITGOT Jo oenTea ayy sebueyo 10 SaeTjJTpou osTe peasy Of [Teo WV

“TNF Sst tTofsFnq oy} AO punojf st

UIN}eT & USUM eNTeA e SUINJeT STOSUOD dy WOITJZ peaey “[- Jo anTea e Aq
pa}eoTput aie siolIgG ‘peyoerael useq sey eTTj—jJo—puse yey suvoUl O19Z

JO ONnTeA W ‘peer sXayzoeTeyo Jo TJequmu sey} ayy st ,yybueTTenjzoe, jo
ONTeA ouy /OTEZ ueYyy Jejearh st ,yQbueTTenjoe, uaeym ‘Aes 0} ST 2eUL
‘ppaz A[Tenjzoe uotjeusojuT ay} JO YyRZbuST ey} ST peurNnjoer onTea oyL

“TeuTUTE} auy ze peddQ noA Rey ezep Jo auTT e Hutpear useym ‘aTduexe oJ
‘peysenber noX ueyy sazfq sseT peer 4T Fey} Hutzeotput }[Nser e uINjer
Kew peay ‘Iayjnq eyj jo azts ayy juaeseider saop ATTeel yQbueT seyy

se aatbh noA antea oy} 3eYUR eins ayeu SAemTe pTNoys nox “yybueT jo
anqtea ayy Aq pezeoTpuT se Tayjnq sy} OUT YT} se sazAq Aueu se peor
0} sqduejje peasy ‘pezeoTputT Zazjnq Azouwu oy} OUT (,eTTJ, Fueumbie
auy Aq azey pequeserzder) aTTj peuedo ue uory uoT}euojJUT Jo sazdAq
Speol peoy “99TIM pue peay JO uoT}eUTqUIOCD eB YyIM eQep Adoo ued noZ
NOLL

£€d 7d Td 0d
( uqbueT ‘reyjnq ‘/aTT} )pesy = yybueTTenjoe

ONN

SISdONAS

STTJ e& woIJ e Rep jo sazkq pear —-— peoay

AWN

peay

4TTdO

OSTW dds

‘uOT}TSOd peTjtToeds oy} UT ST Weeq OSBpTA 34} CNV ysonber
STU} saeyorer enenb 4TTaSsdd ey USEeYyM peTTeo ST euT NOT Tesh

Sond

LTNSdd
‘OJUT STOW TOF [enueul sy} JO UOTIOeES qroddng sotyder9
du UT UOTAdTIOSEep seg ‘eAN}ONAAS ATTC eB OF Iajutod = dsq
SLNdNI
“epourqytTq 9y4
ybnoruy petjtoeds st uotjtsod weeq euL -anenb 1a34TTq re[Tnbez
au} UO ascyy TaAO soUEepsdeid aye} enenb 3TTasdd ey UO sj}soenber
zeqatta 4° (ATsnosueqz{nuts Aetdstp mou e jo zed pue AeTtdstp pto ue
JO 3Ied Hhutmous sjueAeId) eere sures jeYW XejTdstp 03 butAr3 jou
ST ureaq ay} STTUM SAOU e}ep ay} WIOJAIed OF YSTM puke UsEeTDS sy} Jo
qzed aTQISTA e OUT 4TTQ 03 HuTATA ore noX ueayaM [n}yesn *usezTOSUO
uoT}ISod paetjToeds e je pazeooT ST weeq OapTA 3YyF USeym simmyonz4s
ATTIQ euy UT poeUTeQUOD SUT yNOT TasnN ey} STTedD ‘anenb 4TTdO eu
woij ATajzeredas penenbus /19zATTQq ayy Fo osn ACJ SuTyNorT Tosn e STTeD
NOTLONNA
Te
( dsq )3TTasdo
SISdONAS
‘weeq OCepTA ey} YIM Ysenber 13z4TTq ey} eztuoryouds ——- TTasdd
AWN
4TTasdo

A -138

a
Ops Hy XS 25

OSTW dds

‘g[bue}OeT PETIT] ayy SeATedeT YOTYUM WIOgG}sey ayy OF SquTod dz

(utTwA =< xewA) pue (uTUx =< xeUx)
‘aTbueqoez

au jo ‘Ajaatzoedser ‘/TeuTOD AYyHhTI Temot eyQ pue TeurOS RET
aaddn ayy jo sazeuTpIOoCS ay are (xewA’xeux) (uTwA‘utTux)

TTtyeore
243 Aq

‘ZTOTOO sUuTT INO
UTM eaze

SLNdNI
‘“apou Hbutseip pue /uz333ed
‘SIOTOO ued ussoyo ayy YQIM Sie jourerzed
petjtoeds uotbez rze[nbue joer ay ST{td
NOTDLONNA
€d cd Td oq s«tCTW
(xewA ‘xeux ‘/uTwk /utTwx /di )T[TIz09y
SISdONAS
‘uzayjed pue ’10TOo ArTepuooas
‘ZoToo ued butmerzp jUueTIMdD 9yA
ZeTnbuezoeL peutjop e TIT} -- TTtdWweu
AHWWN

TT td400"

Text gayTImM
OSTW dds
sond
[Textd zeyQ peer Youued JT poumm}zer ST [-
-poeummjeit ST uotytsod yey ze Tequmu (¢GzZ°°0) Ued
LTNSAY
ainjzoni4s WIOg4sey e OF AeqUTOd e st dz
aainjoniys WIOg;sey e OF TejUTOd e st dz
‘aZzTS WIogysey ey} JO ebhuer sy} UTYRTM |}eUTpPIOOS ZK sy} ST K
‘aZTS Wo }sey oy} Jo ehbuetl oy} UTYRIA a ReUTPIOOD X SUZ ST xX
S.LNdNI
*“IOTOO Textd jo
UCT}OSaTaS eremprey uezsSAs ey OJ suojy ATTeulIou uoTJeUTqUHOS 3Tq
3eU} YOTYM TOJeTeEsS Jequnu ued syy OUT IOd4}sSey rTepTnotzIed e
aqtiIosep 0} pesn soeueTd—3tq ayy jo yora wWory SzTq sYyW SeUTqUIOD
NOILONNA
1a od Te od
(XK ‘x ‘dz )TaexTapeeu(qut) = ouued
SISdONAS
qiogysey uTeVIeD e UTYZIM UCTReOOT A’xX peT}Toaeds
e 3e Taxtd oy} Jo enTea Tequmu ued eyA peer -- [exTdpeoy
GSWNWN
TexTdpeoy

A -139

()AeTdstqyutyzew
OSTW aaS

SUON
sond

2UON
LTNSAd

SUON
SLNdNI

"SATANOAXY

HUTYSeATFTNU ey JO asouewojied 3y} aperibep A[snoties ued YoTYM
‘31txe uo ()3TwIeg e pue ArjUe uo ()pTqziog e seop (auTyNor

sty3 Aq petTteo) ()AeTdstaqyutyqeu ~ATIYLTT 4T esn you Op OS
‘unI 0} SPUOSaSTT[TTWU TeTeAes eyez ued sUTANOT STYUL *ONINUWM

"S3ST[T zeddop Ae[Tdstp ey syuTYyyerT usYyy

pue ZJayjoue aUO 0} SUaeTOS ey Jo sdtysuoTzeTet eyy syxuTYyyet
yotym ‘()Aetdstqyutyzey sTTeo 4T ueyy pue we3zshs oy} UT
ueeitos ATaaa A0y ()ueaetoseyeW sTTeo 31 “AeTdstp uotytnquy
aITjUSe oy} Sseyeuer ernpscoid sTyL “euo HtIq ayy St STUL

NOIDLONNA

()AeTdstqeyeurey
SISdONAS

Aetdstp uot}tInqul aeitjue ayy eyeleI —-— Ae {ds tqeyeurey
GWYN

Ae Tdstqeyxeuey

SUON
OSTW dds
SUON
Song
SUON
LINSdY

“(QSTT zebpeb zeqsoenber e jou sT STYA
JT TIAN eq Aeul) orNQonaz4s Aeysenbey ke OF Jajutod = Iaysoenbey
-9ganjonijs MOpUuTM ke OF TejUTOd = ZazUTOd
‘quowyserjer HbutTjuem sqjabpeb
JO 4STT OU} UT oANqQONIAAS YSATJ 9yR OF qejutod = sjzebpey
SLNdNI

‘peketdstp ATQUeTINSO oq ysnu Iezsenber 7eyR ‘ZJaysenber e
JO 4STT ebpeb ayy sT sty} zeYyR peTyToeds eaey NoA JI *ALON

‘Kem Tensn ay} ut pessaocid Apeeite
jou sey uoTzINAUI 3eYU YSTT Webpebh euios AtTddns jou og
"JTesmok AstT yebpeb eyW yytM TeYUuTZ OF ofes Teaou ST YI *aLON

"ISTI Jebpeb azno& Jo pus oy 3e pednoxzb ATAueTusauocd saaey

nok yotyum ‘/ATuo sjebpeb ovaZOUSZSWNID-—uUOU MOpUTM INOA buTMeirpet
/Q0UR}SUT TOJ—-3STT eyQ oquT Aem Ared YySeTjer 3yy butqzreys Aq
sjobpeb ay} jo ouos ysn{ yserzyer ATeaTAoeTes ued NoA /TeAeMOH
“UMeIPeI eq [TTA S}obpeb [Te 3eyR eq [TIM STYR FO FOeFJo Oy
/peyserjer quem no& yey einjonz4s MOpuTM ZO UsetDg 9Yy} Teyyte ut
eTqetiea yobpeoysaztgy ey Jo Adoo e oq ued quoumbre sjzebpey suL

-Azobeul ayj yserjer [TTM eutynor styy ‘Aetdstp aznod

jo Arjoebpeb ayy peyser} uotT}eredo otyderb awos yey. yUTYR NOA JT
‘puooas -‘paekertdstp eq 03 Arebeut mou ay} Quem nod pue Ae Tdstp
amok ut sjabpeb ay jo Atebeurr oy} petytpow eaey nod ‘4sITd

‘auTyNOIT SsTYyQ aesn OF AUeM BYUHTU NOA AYM SUOSPeT UTeU OM} OTe SISUL

“TTAN oq Aeul quoumMbre Taqysoenbey ey 7 ‘ZJaysonber e jo syjebpeb
au} JOU are asey} JI ‘“MOpUTM e O03 AuUTOd ATTIessaoeu YSnU
ia\uTOg pue Taysenbezr e ut sjebpeb 0} sioejoer 4STT qebpeb ayy
‘qos Het} LIOGWOOAY oy} Sey YSTT OUR UT Jobpeb ysATjZ Syy FI
‘ginjoniz4s Ieysonbsey e 0} AuTod ued eTqetTiea Taysenbey ouL

‘oanjonijzs MOpUTM eB 03 SqUTOd jUSeUMbIe TozUTOd SUL

‘jobpeb petjtoeds ay} worjy buTz1eys ‘4sT[ yobpeb
ay} UT Ssjebpeb ayy jo [Te (smeiper) soeyseTjor euTtynor STUL

NOT LONNA
CW TW OW
(zaysenbey ‘TeqUuTOg ‘szebpey)sqzebpeoyseizjyou
SISdONAS
AeTdstp jebpeb ayy (smeiper) yserjer —— szebpeoyuserjoy
AWWN
sqyebpeoyserjoy

A -140

“SAOURI OF aINA_ONAAS 4UOTRXeL eyQ — 3UOFWWXS}
SLAdNI

‘petyst}es are Wuojy sty} 0} s}zsenber
4U073e5 MoU OU /*a°T :4T 03 TeqUTOd aaT Oe ue aaey ATJUETINO

Zeu suotzeot{Tdde asoy} 0} pezxOTAWSseT ST WT 0} SSBdDDe
Zeyy Butimsue ‘ueqysAs ay} WOTJ UOJ e SeAOUK!I UOTIOUNJ STUL

NOILONNA

9W TW 0d

qtysotydery ‘(uO q}xe})}UOIJUBY = 1OIIe
SISdONAS

4STT weqsks oy} wory UOJ & SACURT -—— UOMPY
GWYN

quoURY

30 TASUPPW
OSTW dds

peuinjzet ST 1TOIIe ue sstTe ‘Tn}Jssaoons JT Ofez — AoOise
Si1NSdy

Qpou asoTAep e Of JejUTOd — sdTAEpP
SLNdNI

‘-anodoo0 ued suado Meu OU OS
4ASTT oureu SOTASP SY} WOT] SOTASP ay} SeyoTep UOTJOUNF STUL
‘uejsAs ouj WOIJ sdTADp HuTAstxe ue seaouwerT uOoTJOUNF STUL

NOILONNA
TW 0d
(a0TAap)soTAsqueY = 10119
SISdONAS
wo3sAs Oo} WOTJ SOTADpP e SAOURIT —— dsdTASQUPY
AWN
SO TASqUEY

A -141

a4Tids,aueYy
OSTW 4aS

UMOUY SUON
sond

buTUujON
LTNSdd

butztuoryouds_uresq IO} WoOdmMeTA ay} OF TeqUTOd = 7IOdA 4st{ Aqdue ueym o19z IO paacukeI epou 2y} — epou

pasera aq 03 ST qog au JT Wogysey oy} OF TaqUTOd = 310dy LInsd
peaouRr eq 0} Gog 9Yy} OF TaqUTOd = qog

SLNdNI Iapeey YSTT yebreR ou OF JaqjuTOd e - ASTT

SLAdNI
YIodysey eyy wWory 4T

Hutserta pue 43STT IHD oy} worTJ 4T buttTdnooun Aq ATeVzeTpouMIT qog e SeAOCU_Y “YSTT 9YQ WOT YT eAcUeT pue epou pesey ay} OF JaeqUTOd e ja9
NOLLONNA NOTLONNA

ze Te or OV 0d

(qaodA /Wodu ‘qod)qo_IuEY (QSTT)peoepHueY = epou
SISdONAS SISdONAS

qIOog}sey oyu pue ASTT IHD |} WOATJ qog e sAOoueT ATexeTpouMT -- qog_luUeY STT @ WOTF Spou pesy 24 SAOUKRT —— PeoHlleyY
GWYN GWYN

qog [ubeY peoHueYy

A -142

ATeIqTIPpw
OSTW gas

Jequmu 7TOITS ue astTe ‘TnjJssaeoons Jt orez — Ao0II9S
SLTASAY

aimyjoni4s epou AreiqtT e oF TaqutTod — AreIqTT
SINdNI

*peurojied oq Aew suedo mou
ou os ‘/4STT oureu AtTeIq{tyT weysdks 9y} WOTJ AT a}eTOEP [TT FI
‘weyshks oy} wory ATeIqtyT Hbutjstxe ue seacuRT uoTIOUNJ STULL

NOLDLONNA
TW 0d
(Azerqt{)ArerqtqTupy = 1011e
SISdONAS

we 7sks oy} wory AreAqTT e sacuRT —— ATeIqTTPY
aWWN

AreIqT Tey

JaaTESUIPPW
OSTW aaS

apou TeaTes ydnzi34uT ue oj Jaqutod — ydn1zzEjuUT
(yT°°0) 31q 4dnzzZEeqUT e[Neg ey — UMN RUT
SLAdNI

“UMNFUT TOF peTqestp eq [TT
sjdnizajut uTeyo sy} euO |aUO 4SeT BY} SEM TeATES STUY FI

‘uTeyo TaarTes ueath ayy
woLJ epou TaaTes ydnazzajuT ue saeaouler uoTIOUNJ STYL

NOLDLONNA
TY °0-0d
(adnizeqUTtT /UMNQUT )TeATAES UTUEY
SISdONAS
Zaaioas ydnizzejut ue saouler —— TearTes ulweyY
AWWN
IaarssjuTWseY

A -143

qIogputd ‘oappy
OSTW ags

jaiod ebessoul e OF XaQUTOd — yIod
SLAdNI

‘[Te} TTT 320d sty} yyTM oureu Aq snoazepuez

03 sqduieqqe quenbesqns -4STT 410d ebessou s,we sks

auy Wort ainjoni4s yIod ebessour e SeAoweT uoTJOUNJ STUL
NOIZLONNA

TW
(320d ) yO guISeYy
SISdONAS

we 3sks ayy worl 370d obhessoul e SAcURT -—-— WOWqUeEY
AWN

Hoguey
()q3ebpeoppw
OSTW AHS

SUON
sond

‘pouinjet st [-— /3ST[T eu UT sjebpeb ou

aie areyu} JI TO Yst{T o3etadoadde oy} UT punojy jou sem Aobpeb

ou JI ‘3ebpeb peaourez ayy jo uotytsod [Teutpr1o ayy sumyey
LINnsdd

*MOPUTM 34} WOTJ
PpeaocuURr eq prTnoys Yobpeb sty ToyASYUM seqTAosep JT[es3zTt
qebpeb au, ‘peaouez oq of Wohpeb ayW oF AaQUTOd = Jebpey
“PSAOURI aq
0} ST Webpeb ay YyOTYM WOTJ MOPUTM 3s OF JajUTOod = TaqjUTO,g
SLNAdNI

-auTqnor sty3 Aq peseza jou st Atebeurr s,jobpeb ey, -:ALON

‘peumnjerz ST [- /3STT ayy worzj yebpeb uyc¢EeG’s9 ayy sAOURI
noA JJ ‘peummyer st T[- ‘3STT ayQ ut sqjebpeb ou are arse} JI
‘pouinjzetl Sst [-— /4ST[T oWetadoradde oy ut jou ST 3eYR Aebpeb
Be 03 SqUTOd AaqUTOd AZebpeb ouy JI ‘Aebpeb peaoue1 sy

JO uoT}ISOd [TeuTpio sy suINjeT JI ‘“MOpUTM peTyToeds ayy jo
FSTT Zobpeb ou worjy AZohpeb usath ay SaaourRI suTANOI STYyL

NOLLONNA
TW OW
(zebpeD ‘IaeqUTOd)JebpeysaocuBy LYOHSN
SISdONAS
MOPUTM e& WOT} Yoebpeb e saouRpI -—— yobpeoaoupy
aWWN

qebpeoeaouLpy

DAOURIT O} epou eYyy — sepou

SLNdNI

"YST[T eB WOITJ Spou e SAOCURY
NOILONNA

TW

(apou ) aAOURY
SISdONAS

4STT 2 WOTJ Spou ke SAOUWKST —— dsAOCUK_Y
aWWN

DAOCUOY

A -144

astt Ajdue ueya o1ez IO peaouer spou ey} — epou
LINSdd

Tapeay 4YSTT yebreR |ayQ OF AequTod e - ASTT
SLOAdNI

-4YSTT ay} WOTJ YI SAcURIT pue apou [Tez oy} OF IsjUTOd e aN

NOILONNA

OW 0d

(3STT) TTeLluey = spou
SISdONAS

4STT © WOTF Spou [Te SY} SaAcU!T —— [TeIUeY
WYN

Tre Luly

DoINOSSYppW
OSTW dus

apou aoinoser e 0} Jaj}utTod - aoIMosel
SLAdNI

-uwo4sAS ay} WOT] aoINOSeI HuT}STxe ue SaAoU_I UOT JOUNT STUL
NOIDONNa

TW
(aoMoser )sOINOSEYyPeYy
SISdONAS
wo3sks ay} WOT soINOSEeT e SAOCURI —— sdITNOSOWPY
AHWWN
SoINOSaqUEY

A -145

HuTyjON
OSTw gas

UMOUY SUON
Sond

buTujONn
LTASAd

4STT Id OY} WOTJ peacuRBT aq OF eAN}ONIAS aytadsa~ ay} 07 Taqutod = SA

SLNdNI

ASTI THD QUeTINS |Yy} WorJ oATAdsA Sy SyUTTUN

3STT THD FUSeTANO VY wor O4TIdSA e SACOURT

oe

NOILONNA

(SA) eq TIdsauey

SISdONAS

a3Tids Aud
aWWN

a} TIdsauey

A>SeLPPW
OSTW dds

‘uoTyNdexe uTbeq OF
yse3 Apear yxoeu ey} osneod [[TM pue ‘TeAOUI
J[eS Sa}eoTpUT eNTeA OTeZ WY ‘“peAoweI 3q OF
yse} ou} butjueseider aepou yse} sly OF Iayutod — yseq
SLNdNI

‘uoTyounJ sTY3

HUTTTeVo 0} ToTad pewurtojied ueeq eaPey pTnoys Seoanoser jo
uoT}eDOTTRaqd ‘weySAS oy} WOT YSe} eB SeAOcU!I UOTJOUNF STUL

NOILONNA
TW
(yse}) yse Tuy
SISdONAS
uweiskS 943 WOoTy YySse} B SAOURIT —— YSelUY
AWWN

Y¥Se WEY

A -146

bsywATdoey
OSTW dds

abessou oy} 03 TazutTod e — abessoul
LAdGNI

-(TaADzeUM /pEezeoOTTeep IO pesn—s1

aq ued 3T zeYUy OS) Tepuas dy} OF YT UIMJeT OF S}URM pUe
peustuTy sey abessoul e Jo TaaToaoezr ey} ueyM ouop ATTensn
ST STUL ‘Wod ATdeT s}T 07 Sbessou e spues uoT}OUNF STUL

NOILONNA
TW
(abessoul) bswATdow
SISdONAS

qtod ATdez sjt 03 abessou e 4nd — HswATdou
aWWN

bsyATdey

uraTooq — ssa00ns
SLTNSAY

HuTrz4s pezeuTw1s}-[[Nu e Jo TazOVALYyO YsATJ Jo sseirppe — soureNMouU
Hutr}s pexyeuTUsa4-T[Nu e Jo TsejZoRTeyo YsSATJ JO sseippe —- suUeNPTO
SLAdNI

-Jayjoue OF SUMTOA aUOC WOTJ OTTJ e& oweueT 0} aTqTSsoduT ST 31 *930N

"STy} Op nod arojeq 4STxe

qasnu AT0JOaITp uoTReUTASEp 3syQ ‘TeAsMOH “TeyZOUeR 03 ATOJDeTTp BuO

WOT} PSAOU eq [ITM ETT] ayy ‘aseo sTyQ UI “uOoT}JeOTJTOeds ATOJeSITp ke
HurutejzUoo. soureueTTy xeTduoo eq ued ,oWeNMeU, ey} pue ,SUeNPTO, e+ WOW

-IoiIe ue SsUINjeT oueUSY pue STTe}y oureusy
‘sqsTxo ,owenmou, AIOVOeITpP IO aTTJ ayy JI °,oweNMoU, SUTeU oY} YTTM
,QWeNPTO, Se peTyToeds A1oxDeITTp Io aTTJ ayy oureuar 0} sjdul!z}e SureusYy

NOI LONNA
cd Td 0d
( aurenmou ‘oueNpTO )ouweuay = ssaoons
SISdONAS
S[TJ 10 ATOVOSATp e sueuUeZ —— sureUSYy
aHWWN
aueusy

A -147

OUON
OSTW dds
OUON

sond

‘peuinjer st asTwd ‘poeuedo eq jou pTNoo ZTaysenber ayy JI
"pourinjer st anuL ‘peuedo AT[N}sseoons st Taysenber ayy jI
LTINSHa

-soobh Teysenber sty}
UOTYM ORUT MOPUTM 9YQ JO oANQoONIAS |ayR OF TazUTOd = MOPUTM
‘poAeTdstp

aq 0} Aeysenbez syQ Jo seanqjonzyS 9Yyy OF Jajutod = raysoenbey
SLNdNI

Bet] ATINAAOTUY S,MOpUTM oY SeTOUHT SeUTQNOT STYUL “MOpuTM
petjtoeds ay} ut raqysenbez e ske[dstp pue ut syUuTT eUuTyNOT STUL

NOIZLONNA
TW OW
(MOpUTM ‘Jaqsonbay) zsenboy
SISdONAS
Taysenber e azeatqzoe --— ysoenboy
AWN

qsenbeay

SUON
osTw dds

OUON
sond

SUON
LTINSAY

“JjJo zo UO UOToOUNT STyy
umn} OF TaeyjeyM butAjtoeds onjTea gSIvd IO anUuL = ueelToog

“Ysonbez
STU YIM peyetoosse o1njonr3s MOpUTM e OF TajuTOd = MOpUTM
SLAdNI
“anNUL FO

ON[TeaA URaTOOg PB YIM peTTeo st ()aesnowyrodsey [Tzun yseopeozq
aq TTT sqioder WusuBAcU-esnow OU ‘eS JOU ST FSNOWLYOday

JI ‘aSIvd JO enTea ueaToog e UIM peTTeo st ()aesnowz1odey
TTjun peyIoder aq 0} enuT UCD [TTA pue yse} Hutuedo ayy oO}
peyroder are sqzUeAS JUSUWeAOCUI-_oSnou [Te ‘suoTydo |yy Huoure
pepn{[ouT ST ASNOWLYOdaA HbeTJ ey} JI “peTTeo SATS st
()moputTmMuedo ueyM poultojied 4SITj st uotjouny ()esnowpIodey oul

‘paqoetes ATjzuenbesqns oq Aew ZeyR Aobpeb

Aue uo 4ajje ou saey T[T™ 3nq He{J ASNOWLYOdaY S,MOPUTM

au} JO a3e4s ayy ebueyo [Tt peyoaetes ATQUeTINO st Yehpeb ou
uayuM ()esnowqizodey Hbut{TTeo yey OSTe SION ‘“MouP poutuexo ST
Bell ASNOWMOTION S4T ‘/pazoaeTes st Joebpeb ayy suitq yxeu ayy
/peqoetTes st Zebpeb oy} eTTyM pe ZToder ere sjueUveAoU ssnou
jou Io JayujeymM ebueyo AT trero0duey ATUO [[t peRosles st
jabpeb e uaym ()esnopqrodey buTTTeo zeYA eION ‘003 /jabpeb
po qoates—ATWjUerIMS e JO UOTJOUNJ ASNOWMOTTIOI ey Jo 9a7e4sS
QUuazIMdS ayy ehueyo [TT seuTAnor sTyUL ‘*‘pueumoo sTYyR Iaeqjye
ATe zetpoumt HuTwoo WreAISs syZIOderT YUSURAOUesSnoU ‘aAT OR ST
MOPUTM 3U} JI ‘QUeURACUI-oSNoU JO UOT }eULIOJUT UOT ATSOd
butyseopeoig dojs 10 WeAS 0} TayzeYM seTJToOeds oenTea ueaToog
SUL “SATRIOe ST }T USM MOPUTM STY OF} SJUSAS YUSUAOCU VSNoU
4seopreoig 0} 3OU IO ASaYyzOYM UOTRINAQUI STTSe} SUTANOI STUL

NOLLONNA
0d OW

(ueaToog ‘MOpuTM)asnopysr0day

SISdONAS
quUSURAOU

asnow 31OdarI 0} OU IO TSaYyAOYM UOTRINAUL [Tez -—-— assnow Today
aWWN
asnopqsz0day

A -148

y' siaket

OSTW ddS

‘deuntqiaedns jo uot 10d j4ueTayjJTp Tao
TakeT uotytIsodezr 03 deuntqzedns pue rAe[ usemzoq sytq setdop

NOLDLONN
entea [Toros A yuermMd oF ppe 03 eITeEp = Ap
ONTeA [T[TOIOS XK jUaeTIMS Of ppe OF eITEep = Xp
aaKketT dozpyoequou e 03 AaquTod = T
eanjoniys ojyuyreAey 03 Tajutod = TT

SLNdNI

TIP OP Te oF
( Ap ’xp ‘’{ ‘TT )reAeT{[ Toros

SISdONAS

deuntqiedns e ut punorze [Toros —— AaAke TT [ors

AWWN

TakeT{ Toss

()3Tuted ‘()ptqrog
‘()matapeolT ‘()doobaw ‘()AeTdstqeyeusey ‘()useroseyeW
OSTW dds

OUON
sond

OUON
LTINASAY

SUON
SLOAdNI

"SATINOSXYA HUTYSeRTITNU ayy Jo soueutojiad ayy

apeibep A[Tsnoties ueo yOTYUM ‘}Txe UO ()qTWWAg e pue ATQUe UO
()ptqzoqg e soop ()AeTdstqyutyzeu “ATIYHTT 3T esn you op os
‘unI 0} SPUODSSTT[TW TeTeAes aye} uRD sUTQNOT STUL *ONINUYWM

-Ke[Tdstp mou ou
UT pazetodzoouTt eq TTT S}[NseT eyL ‘“seuTynor sTyR buTTTeo
aiojeq usezTOs woysnd anoA uo ()ueeTOseyeW e wiojized Aeul nox

"suaeIOS S,UOTRINQUI jo
Tle 10oy ()matapeoT pue ()dopbaw wrojrzed 03 Ateaqtyt sotyderb
ay} OF STTeO sepntout Ae[Tdstp ay} Jo uoTIJONAYSUODST SUL

‘HuTYyUuTYyAeT STYy} TTe JO sz[NseT ayy uo peseq
Kejdstp eaitque oy} butjonzysuooer ‘ATTeutjy ‘pue ‘TeyjZoue suo
0} drysuotze[er Tey} pue sqZTO_MeETA ey} JO [Te butyuTyZe1
‘ejep aqeys—TeureqUT Hutbesseul sepnj[ouT styL “woTjJonrT}Sucoe.
KejTdstp [eqoTbh uotytnqul ayy suzojirzed uotzounjJ sTuL

NOI LONNA

()AeTdstayutyzeu

SISdONAS
Kejtdstp uotytnqu]
aITjUS ayy Jo AoJe[NdTueu puerh syy -- AeTdstqyuTyWyw
GWYN
AeTdstqyutyzey

A -149

() yoeqoLUueetoS
OSTW dds

OUON
sond

SUON
LINSddY

ammyoni4}s useIDS e OF AaqUTOd e = uaeTOS

SLAdNI

‘AeTdstp

au} JO 4UOTS ayy 0} UseTDS paeTjJtoeds ayy sbutzq oeuTANoOI STUL
NOILONNA

OW

(uadTOS )}UOTJOLUSeIOS

SISdONAS
AejTdstp ayq jo

UOT} ay} OF USEeTIDS poTjJtoaeds ayy butaq -- yUOoTYZOLUeeTOS

aWWN

QUOT JO LUVSIOS

( )qUO01T,JOLUS8I0S
OSTW dds

SUON
Sond

2UON
LTNSAY

ainjonri3zs useetds e 03 AaqUTOd = usaTDS
S.LNdNI

‘AeTdstp
au} Jo yorq ay} 0} UseTOS peTytToeds ey} Spues suT yNOT STUL
NOIDLONN4

OW
(uaarOs ) YOegoLUseTOS

SISdONAS
AeTdstp eu}

Jo yoeq ay} 0} UsetOS peTytToeds ay} pues -- Yyoeqo]Lueeros
AWYN

yoe_gOLUVSTOS

A -150

Kej[dstp jo butysey aeTqtsta auios ptoae 03 Yyhbnouse y4sej jou sayod

sond

‘qoayye butzreyjnq—setTqnop e ssned [TTM Szesjjo euy

au burbueyo you pue ojursey ut 134d dewjtg eyQ HSutbueyo
LON

ojyurlsey Mou

qoeTJerT 03 SYSTT AaddoD aReTpoeulTeqzUT pue STeMpIeYy SeTJTpPOW
SLINSAY

Xejtdstp uo ATRuerTMS st 3eyW

WIOGMETA & OF AaQuTOd ptTea e aq ysnu da
SLAdNI

“SUOT}TSOd [[OIOS 9Yy} ey YOeTJoeT 0}3 SASTT aTeddoD ayy

ou sebueyo /4AIOqMeTA JO Sern ZoNnAAs OJu[sey ayy

UT SeNTeA Joesjjo ayy peysn{pe sey Toumrerboid ey 12qIV
NOIDLONNA

oe

( da )3IOgATTOIOS

SISdONAS
aTbuejoer aptsut 0’0 spzemoy Ap’ xp
Aq punoze 7IodA ut aTbhueqjoer ut sqtq ysnd ~~ ZIOgATTOIOS

GWYN

WOdATTOIOS

SHAG 82) -

syantd
anh $ Youd 2OW 5 4949S

sond
Textd ~{ Aq WYybTI ayy OF pue UMOp ZeyseT 4FTYS xf (T-/T-‘da) ra4seyT Toros
/» moz auo Aq dn Zayser ZITUS x/ (T/0’d2)zaq4sey[ Tors
ATAHWNWXd
@AT}ebeu AO ‘o1ez ‘aaTyTsod eq Aeu 7eYR Siebszut are Ap’xp
qiogzsey e OF TaquTod ptTea e aq ysnu dz
SLNdNI
“peyoos se
oq WOU [ITM eptsyno sqtq ~~ (xeulA’ xeurx) (uTWA‘UTUX) Aq
peutjep eTbueqoer ay} 0} UuoTReXedO TTOTOS SY} SzTUTT
‘UadDd UJIM PSTTTd}0eU ST po zeoRA soeds oY]
-(0/0) spzemoq (Ap’xp) Aq Zeqyser ey UT S3TQ SY SEAOCW
NOIDLONNA
SP vp €p cP =6hTP SCOOPsCé#dTP:
(xewk ‘xeux ‘uTwkK ‘/utux ‘Ap ‘/xp ‘di )ieqyseyT Toros
SISdONAS
aTbuejoaet eptsut 0‘0 SpreMoz Ap’ xp
Aq punoze Zayser ut oTbuejoer ut sqTtq usnd —— IayseYy,T[oro0s
aWWN

Ia SeYT [OOS

A -151

OI3TeM ‘OICET
OSTW agS

3sonbei O/I ue 0} AejUTOd — ysoenbsayYot
SLNdNI

‘peqetduioo sey O/I ey} TeyzZeymM Jo sseTpreber urNjet [TT
aoTAep suL ~“3senber O/I ueaTtb oy} UT petjtoeds puewuoo
BU} S}eTIIUT 03 JSATIP aOTASp ay} sysenbeT uoT}ouNy sTyL

NOLLONAA
TW
(3zsenbexoT )OI pues
SISdONAS
pueuuood O/I ue azeTRTUT ——- OI puss
aWWN

OI pues

aoefayut — uot}IsogpTo
SLTASAY

Tebajut — spoul

Jebayzut — uotytsod

aTpuey eTT}J e OF AequTOd Tddd — eTTF
SLAdNI

“oTTF e& FO pus Sur

puofaq yees Jouueo nox “HuTITIM usyZ pue Yees YATM STTF e& FO pus sy OF
bHutaou Aq @TTJ ev OF UOTJeUTOJUT pusdde ued NOA ey} 9ION “uoT}TSOd
O18Z YUYIM YESJJO STTJ-jo-pus 0} Yaes ‘/eTTJ eB JO pus oY} OF SAOW OL

“uOoTRTSOd ZUeTTND |sy} WOTJ O1SEZ JO jJoesyjo ue butAjtoads yees oF
Treo nok ‘31 HbutzeyyTe yNoyATtmM uot#Tsod eTTJF JueTIMd |yy yo puts OL

‘O9TTJ WUETINS ayy jo pus oy} eTojeq sovzAq 0Z ST pua wory

OZ— ‘qUezTIMS wWoIy preMIOZ saqhq AQUeMy uoT}tIsod e ST jUeTIND WOT} OZ
‘oTdurexe 10g ‘uoTyTsod 4rTe}S sATReTeAT |yy Ajtoeds 0} 4T asn nox *(T{=)
GN Lasado Xo (o=) LNaYUND Lasado ‘(T-=) ONINNIOSd LaSadO eq UkD ,Spoul,

‘JoIIa ay} YNoqe uoTZeUIOJUT aTOU yNo puTF OF ()ITHOI
asn ueyuy ued NOx “T- ST 4#TNSeT ay} /Sanoddo0 TOIIe ue JI “aTTJ 9yy ut

uoT}tTSsod snotaezd ayy st #[NSerT |y} ‘TTeM seob [Te FI “HuTztiIm 7TO butpeser
37e3s 0} aoeTd e se uoTRTSOd STYA Vsn 9RTIM pue pesYy Y7OP * ,UOTATSOd ,
uoT}ISOd oy} OF ,eTTJ, STTJ eyy AOF AOSINd azTIM/pesrl ayy sjes Yyses

NOILONNA

€d cd Td 0d

( apou /uot3zIsod ‘aTTJ )Yees = UOTFTSOdpTO
SISdONAS

STI] e@ UT UOTRTSOd [TeROTHOT e OF SACU —— YES
GWYN
AE9S

A -152

UsedWT49S
OSTW ddS
sond

‘uzreqjed ZIe\SseT Of AemMeIp SUTT 38S

-uad Arepuocoss MoU RZOSTJeT OF Wod4sey oyA UT sulteqUTU 3yy sobueuod
LTNSAY

GSZ-0 = ued

‘gmnqonIjs WOgAseYy 0} IejUTOd = d12
SLAdNI

-3x0} pue ‘ST[TJ ‘SeUTT Toy uad Hbutmeip ArTepuooss ey} Ses
NOILONNA

op TP

( ued ‘dz )ueggzes
SISdONAS

uad Arepuocoses jes —— Uedg}es
aWWN

Uedd49S

Uedd4eS
OSTW dds
sond

-uzoqjed 4re}VSeT OF AaMeIp sUTT 39S

‘ued Azeutid mou YooaTjerT OF WIOG}sey oy UT Sue UTW 9sYy soburyo
LINSdd

GSZ-0 = ued

‘aammyoniz3zs WogyseYy OF Aequtod = di
SLAdNI

"4x03 pue ‘STIT] ‘seuTT Toy ued bHbutmeip Arteurtid ey} ses
NOILONNA

OP Te

( ued ‘dia )uagw3zes
SISdONAS

ued Areutid yeas -—— uUedW eS
aWWN
uadW3eS

A -153

uraToog — ssaoons
SLTNSdd

Hutr4s pe xeutusra}—T[TNu e Jo TaRZOeITPYyoO 4SATJ JO ssoeumppe — uoUliCD
butz4s pozeutuzsa}—-[[Nu e Jo Jajoereyo ySAITJ JO sseippe — sureu
SLNdNI

-sTaqoereyo og 0} dn Jo butz34s poeqeutTuie}—[T[nNu e 0} TequTOd
e ST quoUWMoD aUuL *AIOZDeTTpP AO STTJ e UO JUEUBIOD e SjaS JUSULIODES

NOILONNA

cd Td 0d

( quoumoo ‘ouweu )jUSUMIDD}JaS = SssaD0Ns
SISdONAS

juoUMIOD eB aS —— JuUaeUMIOD eS
GWYN

QUSUMUODIES

buTyjON
OSTW gas

UMOUY BUON
sond

buTyjON
LInsay

aimyonz4s OJUISTe5 e& O32 AaquTOd = OjUIy
@UTINOI UOTSTT{[OO S$,iesn ayy OF AeRZUTOd = suTINOI
Jequmu 1OJOsA UOTSTTTOO = umu

SLAdNI

d 2tejutTod ay} 03 Tenbe aTqe} S10}JDeA UOTSTTTOO s,zZesn sy ut Yy ATQUa $jas

Te oe

OP

NOILONNA

(OJUID ‘aUTINOT ‘uMU)UOTSTT [ODES

@UTINOT UOTSTT[OO Tasn e 0} AaqjUTOd e sjeas

SISdONAS

UOTSTTTOD32S
GWYN

UOTSTT[O039S

A -154

UsdV39S
OSTW das
sond
‘uzeqjed WTeASeT OVTEMeIP OUTT eS
“apoul HuTMerIp Meu WyoOSeTJeT 0} suTajUTU ebueyoD
*"pe,oaTes S3RIq ay} UO YUSepUedSp ST eS Spou syL
LTNSAY
‘asuas yonu eyew jou Aeul SUOTReUTqUIOD daUlOS
/x Sopoul HutmMeip OJ OSpTA SSASAUT »/ % CIASUMANI OUTJOpF
/x Taysei ORUT STG YOX x/ 2 LNAWATdWOD SUTJOp#
/* TayseI OVUT SATOTOO Zz wel x/ T CWVE SUTJOpPH
/x* Aa seri ORUT AOTOO [ uel ,/ 0 IWWf SUTJOpH
G¢S¢2-0 = 2poul
*amyonizASs YWIOG\seYy OF TaqAUTOd = da
SLNdNI
"3X89 pue ST[TJ ‘seuT[T AOJ apou Hutmexp sy sizes
NOILONNA
Op Te
( apowu ‘dz )pwidjes
SISdONAS
epoul Hutmeip yes —— PWIdIesS
AWN

PW2d49S

‘)asonbay /()q3senbeyWqree[o
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

‘ASIWd SuUIn}jeT pue AsRUTOd =aYyA sbhueyo
jou seop euTzNorT sty ‘asn ut AT}UeTIND sem ysenbeyYyWd ey JI

“InUL SuUIN_eT suTANOT STY} pue MOPUTM 3YyA UT joes ST AaqUTOd
Ja ysonbeyWd ey ‘esn uT jou sem ysonbeyWd JueTAnd ayQ JI
LINSHY

‘ommjonIAS Taysenbey e 02 Aaqutod e = Aaqsenboeynd
"Jes eq OF ST RYSeNnbeyYyWd euy
YOTYM OFUT MOpUTM ay JO ean jonTAS |YyW OF AaqutTod = MOpUTM
SLAdNI

‘JaysonbeyWa Meu ayy yuATM ()3senbeyWdzes TTeo ued NoOA udu
“InNUL JO enTeA e suINJeT YT [TTRuN ()3soenbeyWdqree[D HutTTeo

kq yeqs nok ‘/()3senbeyndjes peT{eo butaey Tayjye Iaysenbeywd
ay} ebueyo o, *(rzesn ayQ Aq asn uT) dat oe ATQUeTIND

ST pue jos ApeorTe ST 4T JT TaysenboyWd ey yes You [TT
auTyNOT STULL ‘pueuep UO Jeqsenber sty dn butiq oF Jesn 3yy
HuTMOTTe /u0qANq NusU ay} JO YOT[O-aTqnop ayW oF Yyorz ze Nod
3eyu} Taysenber Tetosds ayy st AeQsenbeyWd euL ‘“MOpUTM
petjtoeds ay} ut Jeqsenbaeynd eu jes 03 Sydureqyje suTyNOI STUL

NOILONNA
TW OW
(Zezsenbeywq ‘MOputTM) Isenbeyndzes
SISdONAS
MOpUTM 924} Jo YsenbeyWd ey yes --— ysoenbeywaqjes
GWYN
qzsoenbeyNdyes

A -155

‘quoy usedo ue — 4UOoj
*pebueyo
ere saeynqTz737e 7X97 Sy} YOTYM UT PIOGysSeY yy -— WOd sey
SLAdNI

*saTAs Wyos

snotaeid Aue Jo ajjo oy} sTeaeTO uOTIOUNS sTyUL “UOJ OU YITM
Yog}sey Sy} SOeAPaT [Teo STYUQ /OTEeZ ST I9RQWRXOL JI ‘abueyo
3eU JOSeTJeT 0} saynqt1z33e 3x98} eu sazepdn pue jUuoyJ Aq
peqtrosep 7ey, OF Pod sey oy UT QUOF SY SES UOTPOUNZ STUL

NOILONNA
9V OW TW od
qtisotyderb ‘(juoj /3710q3Se1)}UOIQeES = IOIIAE
SISdONAS

YIOg}sey e UT SayNqtTi33e pue YUOJ 4x93 9UQ Wes —— AUOITQAES
GWWN

qUOT49ES

Teubtsjzes ‘Teubts
OSTW dds

(PLOTS ‘PLETS) JdeoxgaIes
:STeUbTS UuOoTId=eDxXS may e abueyo
(0/0) 3de0xa3eS
:STeRUBTS uOoTQdaoxe [Te JO a7e4S JUSTIN |sYyW 329
ATdWvxXd

sTeubts uotjdeoxe rzotid eyj -— stTeubtspTo
SLTASAY

pezoayjea oq OF sTeUubTS JO jes oy — YsSeWTeUhTsS
"ysepTeubts
UT peTjToeds sTeubTs ay} IoJ sen[Tea mou ey} - sTeubTSmou
S.LAdNI

‘-ATaVzetpoumt usaddey

ITT uoTqdeoxe ayy ‘ydeoxgzes buT{[ Teo. oF Zotid peramMs590
Teubts oy} JI ‘peyoqedstp oq [TT JaTpuey uoT}daDxe s,yseq
au} samooo sTeubts ayy jo Aue ueym ‘uotTjdeoxe ue sosneo
TIts sTeubts s,yse} sy JO YOTYM SouTJep uoTZoOUNF STUL

NOILONN I
Td 0d od
(ysewTeuBTs ‘sTeubtsmoeu)ydeoxgqqjes = sTeubTspT[o
SISdONAS
suoTjdaoxe asneo 0} sTeubTs uTeyIeo suTjep —— 4deoxg es
AWN
qydaoxq3eS

A -156

*ydnizajzUut sty} jo
Tor}u0D pey YoTYyM spou AdnazzejuT AoTId ayA OF AaQuUTOd ¥
LiInsda

*qydnizaqut oy jo

Tor3zuo00 sey ATQUeTIMS oYyM Ajftquept Aeul sTasn TSYyAO

3euj Os oureu e apou ay} eATH O} RAPT poob e sT AI

"IayuTod jZueubes ejep pue jutod Azjue s,JaeTpuey sy
Hututejuoo eimyjoniz4s epou e 0} JaqjutTod e — 4dnizequt
($T°°O) zequmu 4Tq YdnrTEzUT e[TNeg eYyy — UMNAUT

SLAdNI
peareseid aq ysnul — siaq4stber TayAO [Te
([Teo uo yoReAOS) Iaq\utod sseq ATeIqIT - 9V
({Teo uo yoReTOS) Taysther r0ojOea dum ~- cv
(quoubes ejzep s,jdnizeqjut :Arjua uo) YyoReIOS - TW
(aseqdtuo 03 Taqutod :Arjus uO) Yo eTOS - OW
(sqdnizejut etqz1od oatjoe :ArqQua uo) YyoReIOS - [Td
yo ueros - od

>SMOTT[OJ

se dnjes erie siaqsther ayq apoo 4ydniizaq4ut petjtoeds

aUuy STTeO weysAs 9yy UeYyM ‘peuINjeT st arm jonijs 4dnizz98jUT
PTO 243 0} ToejUTOd YW ‘“SeNnTeA MoU ey OF YoS aTe I0WDSA

au} Jo siaqutod ejep pue aepod ayy YOM ‘*STOQD|A YdnITIEAUT
we sks oyj but33eSs AOJ wstueyooul e saptaoid uot OUNJ STUL

NOIDLONNA

TW ¥* 0-00 od

(qdnizzeqzutT /TaqumNnzUT)1O{ZOeAAUIT RES = JdnIEeAZUIPTO
SISdONAS

Ioj,oaeA YdnizrejuT weysdsS e joes —— 10}09AR}UT 9S
GWYN

10}02A}UT}9S

uoT}JOUNJ Meu OF TaeqUTOd - Arzugounj
"ye 4nd eq ptnoys ArZUgOUNZ Fey, Jossso ayy — JesFyoouns

pebueyo eq o3 AtTeIqTT eu OF Ja jutod e — Are1mqTyT
SLAdNI

"ptTeaut oq 03 ArerqtyT

e are[oap ATesTe} Teaeu [[TA sseooid butumms |y} 7eUy Kem

e yons ut pebueyo ere AeyL ~peuumsyooyo ore 7eUy Are1iqt—t e
Jo syed asoyy butbueyo Jo Aem TeuoTIoUNFZ e ST UOTIOUNAIES

NOILLONNA
0a M* OW TW 0d
(Arqugouny ‘jesyyoounj ‘/AreiqtT)uoT}ouns7es = ouNJIPTO
SISdONAS
Areiqty e& UT TOJDeA UOTIJOUNJ e ebueyo —— uoTzoUNI eS
aWWN
uOT}OUNAI9S

A -157

OSTW ddS

sond

‘ued aUTTINO MoU YaeTJeT OF Pod sey oyF UT SuoZUTU 9yy sobueyo

uod
di

GSZ-0
-ainqonzj4s 7IOgG\yseYy 0} IajUTOd

-SouT[TINO eorTe JOJZ ued HutmMerp suTTINoO sy 38S

op Te
( ued ‘dz )uaqo jes

ued auTT}NO Yas —-— UsaqO eS

LINSAY

SLNdNI

NOILONNA

SISdONAS

AWWN

Uad032S

()dtzysnuewWteeTo
OSTW dus

SUON
sond

SUON
LTNSAY

‘dtaqs
nuoul ay} UT eamnjonzASs nueW 4SAITJ Sy OF Zajutod = nue
‘92nqoOnI4S MOPUTM & OF TajUTOd = MOpUTM
SLAdNI

*()MOpUTMeSOTO “€
*()dtzysnueyreeTD oO
-()dtajsnuepjes oO

>jo suoTtzersojzt orour IO O19Z °Z

*()moputmuedo *T

-eq prnoys

sjuaae jo aouanbes eyL “3SATJ dT1}s nusu pTO 9y aAeaToO

03 ()dtzysnueyreaetTD but{TTeo seaToaut dtzjs nuoul Meu e OF
HuTbueyo IOJ emmpesooid yoeTToo ayy ‘MOpUTM STYF OF PEeyoerzye
dtzjs nuew e aaey Apearte noA JI “MOpuTmM 97 HuTtsoTo

aiojeq dtz4s nuew ey} IveatTo sAemTe prTnoys noX ‘moputa mod

JO SUTJEJTT yA ACJ dt1z}4s nus suo asnC aaey [TTA no& usya
‘g9seo YsaTduis eyQ UT UaAg ‘SUTTJoUlOS peTeEsTO eq pTnoys

moputm amoX 03 ppe noX dtz3s nueu Ateae ‘suotjezedo Aem—OM} 3q
03 sabueyo dtz3s nuew mo ubtsep sAemte prnoys nox *ALON

‘aTqtsseooer pue peAeTdstp eq [TTA dTz3s nuour petytoeds styuy
‘peTTeo Sst auTANoI sty} AZayye uozyNq NuUSU! SYA sossoid zosn
2u2 JI ‘“MOpUTM oy} 0} dTz3#s Nua! ay, Saeyoezze oUTINOT STUL

NOILONNa
TW OW
(nue /MOpuTM)dTtz4SnueWy7es
SISdONAS
MOPUTM 34} 03 dT2z4s nuseu sy} yorzze —— dtazysnuapyas
GWYN
dtizzsnusapyes

A -158

. UYU’ Sop/setzreiqtT/epntout,, ut suotyTutyep
au} asn prnoys noX zequmu Aq s3tq oF HutrZejyer ueyy THyzeY
‘soadebtuy Jo oseatTer quarimd sy} UT AOJZ paeyooeyo ST a eTSP ATuo

‘peatesoy p-TE Sd

‘PeMOTTR UOCTISTAap asTe ‘peMoTTe jou uoTZeTep useyy T JT -O 474
-POMOTTS UOTINoEXxe aesTS /pemoTTe jou uoTRyNdDEexe uSeYyA T JT *T 3Tq
"POMOTTE SOTIM OSTe ‘poemoTTe OU SsezTIM You T FT -c AFC
“peMOTTS Speat asta ‘pomoT[Te ou spear uey} T JT *€ 31q

:SMOTTOJ Se ate yseul sy. JO SRTq MOF ASeMOT YUL
-XIoJOaITp IO aeTTF e UO SaynqTI34e UOTIOE}O0Id ayy S}eS UOTI09}0TdIeS
NOL LONNd

uraToog — sseoons
SLTINSdY

pertnber yseul uoT}oaej0Id ay — Yseu
HulI4s pozyeuTWe}-TTNu e JO AayxOeAeYyO YsATJ JO sseippe — oureu

SZLAdNI
cd Td 0d
( yseur ‘oureu )UOT}0aj}07Tdg}eS = SSa00Ns
SISdONAS
uoT}0ej}01d ATOJDSITp IO eTT}F yes -— uoTose7}0Td7zeS
AWWN

UOT}09}071d}eS

()Ta_zUTOGIeSTD
OSTW dds

OUON
sond

SUON
LINSdY

“uOT}Tsod Taqutod ayy wory o3tids MOA TOF ZJOSJJO SY} = SFTFIOA
-uoT{TSsod 1azUuTOd ayy wory aytTids MOA TOF OSFFO SYR = FOSFFOX
“(QT 03
Tenbe ro ueyuy sseT eq ysnu) aqytTids ey JO UZPTM ey = YIPTM
‘Zaqutod ayy Jo yyhTey ayy = YHTSH
‘aqtaids e Jo uoTATUTJep ezep ey} OF Zayutod = 19a,UTOd
‘uoT}#TUTJep TequtTod sTyy
SATSO98I OF MOPUTM 9YW JO sINZONTS 9yF OF Ia yUuTOd = MOpUTM
SLNdNI

‘uoT#ITSod IazUuTOd syy TaAo aq

TIT a3tids eyy jo ebpe yyubTaz ayy ‘GT-— JO ySFFOX ue Aj toads
nok JI ‘uotjtsod raqutod ay} AAO petezUso oq [TTA aytads
ammoX ‘(aptm sjTextd 9[ ere saqtids ‘requeuer) /- JO SFJOX
ue Aytoeds nok jt ‘puey rAey},O ey} UO "uoT}TSOd 1ejUTOd

ay} 3e pooetd aq [[TM abeut o3tIds mMoA jo Joeur0S 4yaT-doj
au} uauR ‘/OIez ‘oIaz Jo sqesyjo Ajtoeds nok JT ‘soueysuT 104
‘aqtads ayy jo reur0o yjyeT doz ayz 03 TequtTod eyy jo 30ds
joy,, ey} wory Yesyyo ayy se sT 3T butqtzosep jo Aem Tey joUY
‘Jaqutod ayy Fo uoT}Tsod YueTIMd sy} se spieboe1l

UuOTAIN_QUI zeYM WoTZ AToheut o}Tids erempzey sy JO Teutoo yzFJeT
do} aU} eSJJO 02 pesn are squeumbie YosjjJOA pue YSFFJOX SUL

-A[Ta,etpouwT asoertd sayxe} ebueyo oy ‘peTTeo

ST SUTINOIT STYQ UeYyM SATIOR ST MOPUTM 9A FI ‘Ia yuToOd

au} JO UCTSIaA S,aqTIds ay OF} ebueyo TTT abeur 1283uTOd

au. ‘AATIOR ST MOPUTM |W TaeAaueyM ‘UeUyL *Zaqyutod ayy OJ

UuOTITUTJEp aytads ayy YQTM MOpUTM oy dn sjos SUT INOT STUL
NOILONNed

€d 7d Td od TW OW
(JeSTJOR ‘RSTIOX ‘UQPIM /UHTeH ‘TezUTOd ‘MopuTM)1IeqUTOd}eS
SISdONAS
TajutTod uMO S3T YRTM MOpUTM & eS —- 1987UTOdI9S
aAWWN
IajUTOG AES

A -159

paoupeo'l
OSTW dd$

“SUIOgMeTA }xXeU aA
UT SENTRA AOTOO ayy yooyye Aeul WT pasnun sT onTea IOTOO oyy FI

sond
-uoddey T[TM butyjou ‘pesnun st oenTeaA AOTOO 3Yy4 FI
‘soads arnoA yo eul 02 pebueyo st TeqsTbe TOTOO pe ZoeTes oul
-deyroToo emmyjonr4s 3uy UT
UT ANTeA oy} 2TORIS /WIOGMeTA STY} TOF dewOTOD e ST eTeYy FI
LTNSdY
TeaesT entq = q
TaaeT ueertbh = 6b
[eAeT per = 1
(TE OF Q Wor}Z ebhuer) TJequmu TOTOO 9y} = U
yoayye OF Wogmeta =da
SLAdNI
€qd ead Tad Od OP
(q ‘6 ‘x ‘u ‘da )panuzes
SISdONAS
3iodmata STU} TOF Taysthet AOTOO suo yes —— F~ADNIeS
aWWN

pddudtes

OSTW dds

Sond

‘Jequnu ued pajoaTes ayy seucoeq eeze HuTMerp oyL

LInsdé

(sgz—-0) *“yIod zeYyR OUT TIT} 03 Ystma Nod YyoTyM anTeA Ued ayy ST Udad

‘asn O03 YSTM nod 71OG4SeI BYR OF TaqUuTOd e sT 3IOG}sSeuy
SLAdNI

‘ued potjtoeds

au} 03 WOoOd}sey petTytoeds ayy fo sqjuajuOD eIT US 9Y S$}aS
NOTLONNA

0d TW

( ued ‘yrod}sey )3Seu7eS
SISdONAS

IOTOO petjtoeds e Of eae HutmeIp oeATjuse ue yes -—-— 4seYyReS
GWYN
4SeYN79S

A -160

“QuOJ jes ay UT WZUaZEYyUT aeTAWS SYA pue
‘uoTJOUNJ STUQ JO Yejjo oyy ‘/uOTIOSeTES eTARS WjOS
snotaoid Jo 3[Tnsez e se yjoq ‘aTAys buTq[nser ayy — eTA As
SLTASAY

*paqoedxe
se oq OU [TTA 4INSer aTAySmoeu ayy pue ‘parTOUbT aq
Tit eTAasqjosysw Jo }[nsezr e se jes oq OU PTNOM 7eY4
eley sqtq yes Auy ‘pebueyo eq 0} aTAAS UT S}Tq esoYuy —- sTqeuso
‘aTqeus 0} Woelqns ‘jas 03 aTAYS UOJ MoU 9 - eaTAqs
*poeqori3zxe ore
aTAis pue UOJ ey YOTYUM WOTJ ATOG}seY oy} -— PIOGSeT
SLOAdNI

‘wey burbueyo sepntoeird

qUOJ ayy Jo aTAYs 4ToOTTduT ey} UueYyM peToUOY eq you TTTM
sobueuo Asoenber aTAjs auos aouts ‘peurnjer st aTAqs buty[nsez
SUL ‘“peqyoeyje aie s—Tqeus UT jes OSTe ore ey STC VSoyy
ATUuQ ‘UOJ yUeTIMO |YyW Jo aTAYs Ajos ayy SsiaqzTe UuoTZOUNF STUL

NOI LONNA
OV Td 0d TW
qrisotydei6b ‘(atTqeue ‘aTAys /71OG\ser)aTA4sS}Jos}es = aTAQsmou
SISdONAS

WUOJ YUaTINS ayy Jo aTAAs WjJos aeyQ yes —- aTAQSzJoOSIeES
aWWN

@TAISFFOSIES

3tem ‘Teubts

OSTW dds
(HAdddd ddd ‘0) TeubTs3es
:s[Teubts [[e TeeToD
(0‘0) Teubtsjes
:STeubTIS [Te JO a3eQS JUeTIMNO 9syy 328d
aTdHWW Xd
STeubIS [[e IO} soentTea rToTId ayy — sTeubtspTo
SLTINSAY
poyoayje eq 0} sTeUbTS jo jas ayy — ySeWTeUbTs
“JesTeubts
UT peTjToeds sTeubTs ey} TOF sSenTeA MoU sy - STeubTSmou
SLAdNI
-snoiebuep pezeptsuoo st uoTqouny stuL
‘sTeuBbTS Ss,yse} oy JO Sejzeqjs 3Yy} SeUTJep UOoTROUNJ STUL
~ NOIDONNA
Td 0d od
(yseyTeubIs ‘s[Teubtsmou)Teubtsjzas = sTeubTspTo
SISdONAS
s[TeubIs s,yse} STU} JO 93eAS BYR oUTJep -- TeUbTS}~eS
GWYN
Teubtszes

A -161

Ajytzotad snotaeizd syse} ey — ARTIOTIdgpTO

LINSAY
yse} oy roy AQtzoTId meu ay — Aytszotad
poqyoesse oq OF ySeZ -— YSP4
SLNdNI
‘3[INnsez Aeul YO TMS 3Xeq}UOD e pue /poullojied st aTnpeyosez
YW ‘peur yer st yseq ayQ jo Aqytzotzd pTo eyL “97e4S SRT
JO sseTpreber yse} e jo AyrzA0OTAd ayy soabhueyo uoTjouNy sTuL
NOTLLONN4
8 *0-0d TW 8*0-00
(Aqtr0tid ‘/yse}) tzadqyseLqies = ATIOTIgGpTO
SISdONAS
yseqz e jo Aqtzotazad ayy yes pue Yoh — T1rqyseLzes
GWYN

TIdXSeLIOS

“(00L0$ ‘USPTO) uS3eS
:[aaceT TOTId 03 Yyorq sjdnzzseqUT AIossaD0id jas

‘(00L0$‘00£0$)uS3eS = USPTO
:€ O03 TeAeT AWdnazajUT AOSsa001d ayy ebhueyo Oo],
‘(0’0)usqes = YS}UueTIMO
2YS QuezZIMoD sy Web OL
SOUTdHNVXd
S}Iq MeU sTOJeq Jeystbhbet snjzeqjs eiTjUe ey -— USPTO
SLTNSAY
pebueyo oq O73 S3Tq — Yseu
‘peyoesjo you ere SyTq ASYAO TIV
‘yseul oy} UT peTytToeds sqtq IOJ senTea meu — YSmeu
SLAdNI
‘poumnjeit st Ia4stbhber snjzeqys aitjue ay} Jo yuajzuCD AOTAd
SUL ‘Tejouered yseul ayy UT peTyToeds sqztq TeysTber snjeqs
au} yoeyyje ATuo [Tt uotjouny sty, ~*(céAemAue oq sTyy ATT
uoT}OUNJ e ued ayes MOY ‘/TTeM) AemM ,aFes, e& UT TaqystTher
snjeqis ndd eu butAjytpoul Jo sueouwl e saptaoid uotjouny sTtyL
NOITLONNA
td od 0d
(yseu ‘YysmMeu)Yys}es = USPTO
SISdONAS
Taystbhbei snzeys Iosseo0id jes 10o/pue yb —— ySsies
GWWN
yS3es

A -162

() SOT} TLMOpuTM39es
OSTW ddS

SUON
sond

OUON
LTINSAY

"Teq STI} UseTDS |9YyR OepTyY
Io MOUS O03 JeyZeEUM HbuTqtzosep ASTWA IO AnUL UesToog = 3TMoOYUS
‘9anjoni4s useeTDS eB OF AaqUTOd = UsaeTDS
SLAdNT

"aNUL ST Bel} ATLILMOHS eyA Jo butzWZes A[Nejoep

au ‘pouado 4saTj ST UsezTDS e USUM ‘“SMOPUTM [Te puTYEeq
pezeooT eq TTTM req eT4T} EUW ‘ASTWA JI ‘Ssmoputm dorpyoerg
JO WUOATF UT UMOYS oq T[TM Ieq 9T4T} S,UeEeTOS |Yyy ‘ANAL FI
‘aSTWd JO aNUL TeYyATe 0} Jes oq PTNOYS JuSUMbre ZIMOYS SUL

“auTANOA STYy Hbut{Teo Aq smoputm dorpyoeg s,ueerT0S

oyu puTYyeq IO Jo AUOTy UT 3q OF Aeq STAT} UdETDS aYyA

juem nok rzeyzeys Ajtoads nox “req 9TATQ UsdTDS AYA Jo AUOITJ
ut reedde sAem[e smoputm dorzpyoeg—uUON ‘sSMopuTm dorpyorg
putyeq IO Jo jUOTJ UT JayjtTe ATeadde ued eq aTT} UsEeTOS SUL

*SMOPUTM
S}I pue useros 3yy jo AeTdstper oy} soVZeUTpIOOO uaYy pue
usetos petjtoeds ayy Jo belTjJ AILILMOHS ey} Sj}OS OUTNOT STUL

NOILONNA
0d OV
(ZIMoUS /‘UseTDS)eTITLMOUS
SISdONAS
oapou AeTdstp req eTAT} UseeTDS ayy yeS -—-— OSTITLMOYS
WYN

OTF TLMOUS

(JeT3atTLMoys ‘ ()MopuTmMusdo
OSTW das

OUON
sond

OUON
LTINSAY

‘9 IO [- TayZTe 03 Jes aq OSTe UPD TaeqUTOd
sty} /butr3s xe} pezeuTuUTE}-TTNU e OF Jajzutod = aT}TLuser0s
‘9 IO T- TeUuATe 03 WES eq OSTR UeD IaquToOd
Stuy /buTr4s 3x9} pozeuTUNS,-TTNU eB OF JajuToOd = aTITLLMOpuTm
‘aanjoni3s MOpUuTM 2NoOA 03 JajUuTOd = MOpUTM
SLNdNI

-(yueTq eq TTTM Teq eT3T} eYyy) AIeedde oO}
@T3TQ ou Quem nod 7eUR SeTjtoeds os butoq ‘siajutTod 3eT3T3
au} Jo TeyuATe IoF QO Fo onTeaA e joes ueO noA ‘/azouwrseyzMy

“T- 0F
yjoq yes prnoo nok ‘esimmoo JO ‘“seuo Tey}O eA A[Tuo butAj pou
‘guOTe OTT} AeTNOT Ped ZeyR JO HbuTRjJes JUETIND sy} SAPET OF
uCT}INAUI QUeM NOA 3eyW saj,eubTsSap STYUL ‘“SreqUTOd eT3T} eUy

JO ZTeyzTe TOFZ T- Jo onTea e Ajtoaeds ued nox

-ATa}eTpoumt poebueyo eq TTT eT4T} UsecetoOS 944 ‘peTTeo st auTynor
STU} UeYyM eaTROe ST MOPUTM INOA FI ‘ATe,eTpowwt poeburyo
oq [ITA 81319 MoputTM anod ‘peTTeo st suTynorT sTyy USyM

“B9ATIOR ST
MOPUTM STU} TaAsueUM Ieq eT}T} UsetOS oY 7e sieaedde aT[3T}
useTOS S,MOPUTA ey ‘“Teq ST}T} MOpUTM SYA UT SoUITZ [Te 7e
Sievadde aeT34T} MOpUTM eyL “Ssteq 9T}T UsetoOS IOo/pue MOpUuTM

au} uT sievodde 3eyy 3X99 AYR FES OF noA SMOTTe sUuTANOT STUL

NOTLONNA
cw TW OW

(@TFTLUeeIOS ‘3T}TLMOpPUTM / MOPUTM) SOT TL.LMOPUTM eS

SISdONAS
usetos ay} pue MOpPUTM

ayy YAO OJ SeT3T S,MOpUTM 3BYyF 7OS -—— SOT TLMOPpUTM4eS
GWYN
SOT TLMOpuTM}es

A -163

"4AsTYJO ut seqAq Jo JequmuU 9ey4

—- sa ikq
SLINSaY
"TOOLIFS TO YSTIDOOTTY Aq peurnjer se
‘4YST[ Taqoereyo styy obeurew OF posn ASepesy YSTTO ouL
— 3STTO
SLAdNI
"4YsTJO UT SZaJORTeYO JO Tequnu 9Yyy OF Se seitnbu]
NOILLONOA
ow oa
(QsTIO)4sTIDNezTS = seq
SISdONAS

YSTT Taqzorreyo e ut sozkq Jo Jequmu eyy job —— y4sTIOezTS
AWYN

4sT10eZzTS

Teubtszes ‘3TeM
OSTW Aas

quas oq 0} STeUbTs ayy -— sTeubtTs
peTTeubts oq oF Yyse} oy; -— Yysez

LAdNI
-K[QoeazTtp sTeubts w1rojied jou pesu Jesn e AT Terzsuey
‘bswaNd @SYTT suoTWZOUNF ToeaeT TeybTy oTdtytnu 310ddns oj ST
asodind uteul S}I ‘,[T@eAeT MOT,, peTeptsuoo st uoTjounZ STUL
‘putqtem ro ‘Apear ‘hutuunz
S,3T Zeyjeya Jo sseTprzeber yse} eB OF JUSS 3q Aew [eubts wv
‘asn 133e[ eTqrssod 10J yse} ay} OF peysod eq TTTM sTeubts
ou3 ‘/sTeubts esey} jo Aue oJ HutjTem jou sT ysez oy4 FI
‘IND00 [TTA aTnpeyosez e pue Apeor opeul oq TTTM FT ‘sTeubts
aseu} Jo azoul Io auo Joy butTytem ATRUETINS ST YSez oy
JI ‘sTeubts uaath oy} YATA ysez eB sTeubts uotjouny sSTyuL
NOILONNA
od TW
(sTeubts ‘yse}) Teubts
SISdONAS
yse} e ~Teubts —— T[eubTts
SWWN
Teubts

A -164

()yoegozMoputm /()3UuCT_ZOLMOpUTM / ()MOpUTMeAOCH]
OSTW dds

SUON
sond

SUON
LINSdd

“stxe A oy uo
MOPUTM OU} eZTS OF Yonu Moy Hutqtiosep enTea peubTs = xXeITed
“STxe X oY} UO
MOPUTM SU eZTS O03 YOnU Moy HbuTqTiosep enTea peubTs = xXejTed
‘peZTS aq O02 MOPUTM oUy JO aIN}oONI}S |Yy} OF JejUTOd = mMopuTM
SLAdNI

‘aTqeitsep jou AT[Tereueb st 4[NseT 9A ‘AUTATReTeT

[etoeds Aq peyotpermd se ‘STY} wory A[NseT ued FeYyy uMNUT UCD
auitz—a0eds ay} UT SUOTIIOASTp oy} JO Sesnedsg

-TauIOO TeJ 7eUR OF MOpPUTM ANOA OZTS OF WdueRzWe

TTTM uoTAInQUl ‘/aesraatun eyA jo AeuTOD TPF ouios Aj toads
SonTeA ey[ep anof JI ~‘butyoeyo-1TOIIe ou seop euTyNOoT STYUL

*qNOdI ayy Jo uoTjAdTrOsap e ACJ

Tenuey souereyoy uoT}ITNQUL ebtuy,, UT IJaydeyo ,spoyyzeW 3ndjno pue
qnduI,, 8y} eeS = “MopuTM ANCA Jo qWOdI eyZ JO beTF AZISMAN

au butaqes Aq pezts useq ATTeuT}y sey Moputm mmo useym

JSAOOSTp ued NOX *puooas e soulTy AQXTS Jo umUTxeul e pue Puodas
aad sour} ue} Jo ayer umMuTUTW e je ATZUeTINO sueddey YOTUM
‘quaaea YNnduT ue SaeATadaeT UOTIINAUI SUIT }XOEU SY pEeZzTS oq

TIT’ 31 «‘ATezeTpouwIT pezts eq OU [TTA MOpUTM SY 4Fe44 94ON

*saxe

SAT Oedsar ayy HuoTe MoOpuTM ayy eZTS OF YON MOY eqT1OSep
sjueumbie eiTeap eyL ‘syzunour peTytoeds ayy Aq MopuTa

ou} eZTS 03 HbuTyse uoT}INJUI 0} YSenber e sSpueas sUTFNOT STUL

NOLLONNA
Td od ow
(xeRTEa ‘xe3Ted ‘MopuTM)MopuTMeZTS
SISdONAS
MOpPUTM be eZTS OF uoTzTnNAUyI {se —— MOpUTM2ZTS
aWWN

MOPUTM2EZTS

yu’ sraKeT
OSTW dds

‘qt[T ‘aakeT Jo saseateaz ammyny ut ebueyo Aeu pue uodn pepuedap oq

0} JOU ST STUL ‘UOZJ 03 TekeT saodToy uoTRZeQUeUETdUT JUSTIN SUL

LON

‘pezimooo abeuep JT peysetjer

aq 0} peou Aeu QeyQ sraeheT esoyR TOF 4STT abeurep 3OeTTOOD

“aZIS UT SeseetTDep

Io saseazout rzaXkeT ayy TeyZeya uo butTpuedaep AaKeT eyQ Jo 3No IO

ojutT stTextd Adoo ‘rakeT sty} aAOJ dewatarzedns st ereyy fi

‘zake{T Tabre[ ayy ACJ woor syeul 0} pepue7xXe ST TSeUurOO

puey 3UubTI ramoT au *(Ap’xp) Aq TeAeT STYA JO SZTS SYA sobueyo
NOLLONNA

Ap
xP
T
tT
SLNdNI

azts A WUeTIMD OF ppe OF BITEP
aZIS X WUeTINS OF ppe OF eRTeEpP
aake{ dorpyoequou e 0} 1eqUTOd
amyjonijs oyurzekeT 0} JaqutTod

TP OP Te OF
( Ap ‘xp ‘T ‘TT )tekeyToezts
SISdONAS

‘zakeT dorpyoequou sty} Jo ezTs ayy ebueyo — zrakejyezts
GWYN

ZTefkeyjyezts

A -165

OSTW ddS
SUON
sond
Tumuy Jo onTea aeqntosqe jutod—butyzeoTy — gumuz
LTNSAY
jJequmu jyutTod—butTzeoTF -— Twmuj
SLAdNI

‘Iaqunu ptes
JO anTea aynTosqe ay} summer pue Tequmu jutod—butzeoTJ & sqydasoy

NOILONN

od
‘(Jumuj)sqvds = cumuj

dOWSN O
qequnu 4UTOd_buTzeoTF ysey ayz JO onTea eynTosqe eyy uTeIWoO —- SqwdS
GWWN

SqVdS

4STTIOMeIC
uOTSTTTO00d
OSTW agS

UMOUY SUON
sond

buTyAON
LTASAY

OJUISTAa) au Hbututejuoo eamyzoni4s yIOG}seY ay} OF TazUTOd = WI0dY
SLNdNI

UOTSTT[OD0Od IO 4STIOMeIgd OF ST[eO aTOJaq [TeT}JUesse sT butjzIOs sTyL
sajeuTpiI0cs x/A s,7a5 ey 09 Hutproooe AST[ THD WUeTINS sy SzTOS

NOILONNA
Te
9 Aq petTTeo se (320qguy) FSTINWOS
SISdONAS
sa}euTpiI00o x/A ay OF HuTpsAOODe AYSTT THD FUEeTINS |yy WIOS -— 4STTIDIAOS
aWWN
4STIDNWIOS

A -166

OSTW ddS

SUON
sond

ZJoequnu yutod—butjeoTy — eumuj
LINSdd

Jequnu 3uTod—butzeoTy — cqumuj
Jaqumu jutTod—butjzeoTy — Tumuj

SLAdNI

*‘szequnu ptes jo ums
OToUNATIe ay} suINjez pue srequmu juTOd—buTzeoTJ omy sydaooy

NOILLONNA
od Ta
‘(gumuz ‘Tumuy)ddwds = ¢cumuj
qowso oO

sioqunu zUuTOd—buTj}eOCTJ OM} ppe —- ppWdS
GNWN

PPWdS

OSTW dds
sond
Joequnu yuTod—butyeoTF — cumuj
LINnSdd
ZJequnu jzuToOd—butzeo[T}F — Tumuj
SLAdNI
sueTper
uT a[Tbue ptTes jo onTeA ay} suINjeT pue aTbue ue jo
aUTSOD ay} buTjUesetder Aequmu juTod_butzeoTJ eB sydaooy

NOLLONN

oa
‘(qumuj)soowds = cunuj

SISdONAS
qequnu jUuTOd_buT}eoTF ey JO suTsoOooIe sy uTeyqO —— sooWdS
aWWN

SOOWdS

A -167

OSTW ddS

@UON
sond
aZequnu yutod—butzeoTy — Zumuyj
LINSAY
Zequnu jyutod—buTzeoTzZ -— Tumuyz
SLAdNTI
suetper
UT eTbue pTes Jo onTea ayy suInjer pue eTbue ue jo
quebuey ey butTjueseidazr Tequmu AuTOd—buT}eoTJ e sydeooy

NOILLONNA

od
‘(qTumuj )ueqwdS = cumuj

SISdONAS

AJsqumnu 3zuTOd—butzeoTJ ayy jo yuebuejZore ayy uTeIqo —— uUeAWdS

aWWN

uej3wdS

OSTW das

OQUON
sond

Zequnu jutod—buT}eoTJF — gumuj
LInsaYa

zequnu jutTod—buTyeoTy — Tumuz
SLOdNI

suetper

uT oTbue ptes Jo onTea oy} SuINjeT pue aTbue ue jo
ouTS ayy butjuesezder Tequmu jutod—butyzeoTy e sqdaooy

NOILONNA
0a
/‘(qumuj )utswdS = gumuj
SISdONAS
qequmu 3uTOd—buT}eoT}J ayy Jo euTsore sy uTeIqo —- uTSWdS
aWWN
uTSvdS

A -168

OSTW dds

OUON
sond

Zequnu Autod butzeoT}y -— gumuj
LINSAY

Zequnu jutod butzeoTyJ — Tumuyz
SLNdNI

oTbue ptes Jo autsoo ay} suinjor pue suetper
ut oTbue ue buTjueseidezr Tequmu juTod butjAeoTJ e sydaooyw

NOI LONNa

od
‘(qTumnuj)soodS = gumuj

SISdONAS
Jequnu jutod HhuTjzeoTJ |eyQ Jo euTsOoS sy uTeIqGoO —— sodds
WYN

SOOdS

OSTW das

SUON
sond
gumuj = Tumuy <= 0
gumuy > [umujy <= T-
gunuy < Tumuj <= T+

:Se 4[Nser [TeuotTyounJ Aebe uy

Tumujy => gumuj - 31
Tumuy > gumuj - 11
Tumuj =; gumuj — aN
Tumuy = gumuj — O09
Tumuj =< gumuj — a5
Tumuy < zgumuj - 19

:soyouriq HUTMOTTOJ ey} JOSeTJeT 0} Joes Saepod UOT TpUOD

LTASA

Zequnu jZUuTOd-HuTtRZeoTJ — gumuj
Jequnu 3utod-butyzeoltjy — Tumuj

SLAdNI

“uostieduoo ptes jo

qINser ayy o}zeoOTpUT 0} peUINjeT ST 4[NSeT TeuoTIOUNJ TebequT eyy

‘ATTeUOTITPpw
UOT}ITIpucD Sy suInjezT pue sirequnu qutTod_butzeoT}F OM} sydaooy

‘uostieduioo ptes JO [NSE ay} 9}eOTPUT OF eS SoOpoo

NOIDLONNA

od Td
{-°-} (Cgumuz ‘Tumuy)dupds) JT

GOVSN O

SOpoo UuOTATpuCD 37eTidordde
jas pue sJequmu juTOd—buT}eoTJ OM} areduloo —— dubds

AWWN

dulods

A -169

OSTW dds
OSTW dds

OUON
OUON

sond
sond

ZJaqunu jzuToOd—butzeoT} -— ¢Eumujs od 6
aequmu 3UT uTzeOTF — cumuys

LINSAd
LTNSdd
arequmu juTOd-buTzeo,TJy — zgumuj

Jequnu jutTod—butzeoTj -— Tumuy aoqunu jutTod burjzeoTy — Tumuj

SLNdNTI SLNdNI

‘slequnu ptes jo UOTSTATp aTbue pres Jo eutsoo otTToqiredéy ey} summjer pue suetpet

OTJouTATIe sayy suINZeI pue siISequmuU qutTod—HuTtzeo[jF 0M} sydaooy uT aTbue ue butTjueserder Tequmu qutod butjzeoT} e sqdaooy
NOTLONN NOTLONNA

0d Td 0d

‘(gumujy ‘Tumuy)atddS = ¢umuj ‘(qumuy)ysodds = cqumuj
AOWSN O SISdONAS

Sioqunu jUuTOd_-bHbut}eoTJ OM} epTatp —— ATddS qzequnu jutod buT}zeoTJ ey Jo auTsoo oTToqireddéy ey} uTe}qo —— Ysodds
AWWN GWWN
ysoods

ATddS

A -170

OSTW dds

SUON
song

(jeurOJ ddd ePTOIOJOW) Tequmu jutod—buTzeoTJF - umuj
LINSdd

(ZeuLIoy GLS AISI) Tequmu jutod—buTyAeoT} — umussestT
SLNdNTI

RZeuIoy yUTOd-buTReoTI

4sej eTOIOJOW ORUT pezTeaAuCD ATUO ‘Jequnu sures 9|yy

suinjel pue Iequmu yeulojy piepuejs gqgaI ue sydeooy

NOILONNA

0d
/(umusseT )S00TIdS = wmMuj

SISdONAS
qeutoy ddd 0} Jequnu prepuejs gayI ue Yeauod -- seeTddS
JWWN

s9eTddS

OSTW ddS

@UON
sond

Zequnu zuTod—buTzeoTF — cumuy
LINSdAd

Zequnu yutTod-hutyzeoTy — Twumuz
SLAdNI

aamod szequmu yndut

ayy OF pesTeI o suINzeT pue Tequmu qutod_butzeoTy e sydeooy
NOILONNA

0d

‘(qunuj)dxgqds = wunuj
SISdONAS

zaqumu 4uUTod—-HuT}eoTJZ ayy JO (X#x2) quouodxe ayy utTe}qo —— axgds
AWWN
dxads

A -171

“oSATZeHaU ST YSTTIOTTe ‘/pTTeAuT st yreul
ay} IO YSTTO meu ey PTTnq oO} Atourwul ybnouse jou sT ereYy} FI

SNOT LddOxd
“QST[TO TeuTbTIo ey} jo pues [Te
ey suTeqQUOo jeu 4STTO e Oj Iojdtiosep pAOMHuoCT e
—4STIOTTe}
SLTINSAY
*suoTq}OUNJ 4YSTTO AOjJ
pesn oq ued ey} AYSTTO eB OJ Iojdtiosep pzombuocT e
— 4stTo
SLAdNI

‘{sT[O [TeuTbT1I0 ey} Jo pus ay} ny yreu Sy

U}IM pezeToosse saziq oyu} HututTejuoD peuinjer pue pszPeto eq
IITA JSTTO mou Ww *(pueuMiod 4YSTTOYTeW oyQ eTA pouTejgqo) yTeU
au} butTpntout jou ynq 03 dn ASTT[O eYyQ JO peey ayy UTe UCD
IITM JSTTO TeuTHTIO eyL “S}FSTTO OM} OFUT YSTTO Pb s3ttds

NOLLONNA
ow od
(4sTTO)3sTIDITIds = ISTIOTTeF
SISdONAS

ystTO e 4tTds -—- ysTIOIWTTdS
AWWN

4STIO4TTds

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

qJequnu jzutTod—buTt3zeoTy — umuj
LINSAY

aJequnu ZJebe jut peubts — umut
SLNdNI

‘Jaqunu ptes Jo 4y[NserT YuTOd—HuT}eoTJ
payaauoo ay} suinjer pue Jabejut ue sqydaooy

NOLLONNA

od
‘(umut)3TddS = umuj

GOWSN O

qutod—buT}eoTJ ysejy 03 Aequmu AebezUT Woauoo -—- 4TddS
AWN

4+TddS

A -172

OSTW ddS

3UON
sond

Jequmu juTod—buTzeoTF — cumuyz
LTNSdAY

ZJequmu jutTod—butjzeoTjy — Tumuj
SLNdNI

Zequnu ptes Jo (QT eseq) wy4trebot
uetiedeu ay} sum jer pue Iequmu juToOd—buT zeoTF e sydao0y

NOT LON

od
‘(Tumuj)oTbolIds = cumuj

SISdONAS

ZJequnu jyUuTOd—buT zeoTJ
aug Jo (oT eseq) wyytreboT uetzedeu ay} uTeyqo —- QTboTds

GWYN

QTbo lds

OoSTW dds

SUON
sond

Tequnu jzutod—HutzeolT}y — cumuj
LINSAY

ZJequnu zUutTod—HhutyzeoTy — Tumujz
SLOdNI

qaqunu ptes jo (a eseq) wyytreboT
Teimjeu ayy summer pue Tequmu juTod—-butTjeoTJ e sydeooy

NOIDLONNA

od
!(qTumuj)botds = cumuz

SISdONAS

zequmu jUTOd_buTzecTJ ey} Jo wyATreboT Termmyeu ayy utTezqo —- bo ds

GWYN

botds

A -173

OSTW dds
SUON
sond
Tumujy jo uotqzeboeu jyutTod—butzeoTjy — cumuyz
LTNSdAY
rJoequnu jutTod—but}eoTy -— Tumuj
S.LNdNI

0°'0 UWoIjy pejzoOer,Qns Useq HhuTaAey Iae,ye Tequnu ptes jo
aNTeA aU} SUINjeT pue Jequmu jyUTOd_-buT}eOT] e sydea00"

NOIDLONNA

od
‘(qumuj)bends = cumuj

HOWSN O
Zequmu juTOd_butzeoTJ pettTddns eyy ajebeu —— bends
aWWN

Bends

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

ZJequnu jyuTOd—buTzeoT}F — eumujz
LINSAY

iJsqunu jutod—Hbutjeo[jy — gumuj
Jequnu juTOd—butjeo{T}F — Twnuj

S.LAdNI

*“SZequnu ptes Jo uoTzeoTTdTR TN
OTJoUYyATIe ey suIN}er pue srequmu juTOd_huTjeoTy OM} sydaooy

NOILONNA

od Td
‘(gumujy ‘’Tumuj)[NWdsS = ecumuj

aOWSN O
Sisqumu juTOd—butTzeoTJ omy ATdt3yTnu -- [nNWdS
GWYN

TOWdS

A -174

OSTW dads

SUON
sond

Zequnu yutTod—butjzeolTjy — gqumuj
LINSdd

Jequnu juTOd—butjeoTF — Tumuj
SLONdNI

oTbue ptes jo euTts ayy suinjer pue suetperz
ut aTbue ue Hutqjuaeserdezr Asqumu juTOd—buTt}zeoTJ e sydaooy

NOIDLONNA

od
/(Tumuj)utsds = gumuj

SISdONAS
Jequnu jzUuTOd-buTtzZeoTJ ey} Jo aeuts ayy uTeRIqGO —- UTSdS
SWWN

uTSdS

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

Jequmu juTOd—hbuTzeoTF — Eumuj
LTNSAY

Jequmu jzutod—bhutjzeocljy — gumuj
Jequnu jzutod—butjzeoltjy — Tumuyz

SLAdNI

ZJamod gumujy ey} O32 pestTez Tumuj jo y4[Nse1r
au} suInjeI pue szZequnu juTOd_-buTyzeoTJ (Zz) om} sqdaeooy

NOI LONNL

od Td
‘(gumuy ‘Tumuy)MOddS = ¢umujz

SISdONAS
sjoqunu ddq OM} JO uoT}eTRJUEUOCdxXe aYyQ UTeJqo —— MOddS
GWYN

MOddS

A -175

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

Jequmnu juTod—butjeoTjy -— gumuyz
LTNSAY

Jequnu jzutTod—-hutzeot}y -— Tumuj
SLNdNI

aTbue pres jo auts otT[ToqzedAy ey} suiInjer pue suetpe1
ut aTbue ue butjueserder Tequmu jyutTod—buTjeoT] e sydeooy

NOTLONN a

od
/(qumuj )uutsSdS = gumuj

SISdONAS

qjequnu jutTod-but}eoT} ayz Jo outs oTToqreddéy ayy uTeyqo -— YyUTSdS

WYN

yuTSds

OSTW dds
SUON
song

(auTs) ZTequmu jUuTOd—buT}eoTF - eumuz
(auTsoo) ZTequmu jutTod—bHuTzeoT} -— gumuj

LTINSAY

3[NseI euTsOS jo sseippe — zgunujy
zequmu jUuTOd-buT}eoTJ — Tumnus

SLNdNI

aTbue pres Jo auTsoo ¥ aUTS ey} YO suINjeT pue sueTper
UT eTbue ue HuTjueseidazr requmu juTod_hutzeoTZ e sqdaooyv

NOLILONNA
0d Td
‘(gumuj3 ‘Tumujy)sooutsdsS = cumujz
SISdONAS
qequmnu gid ey} JO aUuTSOO ¥ sUTS ayy UTeIqO -- sooUTSdS
GWWN
sooutsdS

A -176

OSTW dds

QUON
sond

Jequmu jutTod—buTt}eoTy — ¢eumuyz
LTS

Jequnu zuTOd-—hHhutjzeoTjy — gqumuj
ZJequmu qutTod-—butzeoTjy — Tumuj

SLAdNI

‘szequmu pTes Jo uoT OeI34QNS
oTJouNATIe ayy suINjer pue siTequmu jutTod_butjzeoTJ om} sydeoow

NOILONNA

od 1a
‘(gumuj ‘Tumuy)qnsds = cumuz

gOowsn Oo
silequnu qVUuTOd—buT }eoTJ OM} yoerTWQns —— qnsds
aWWN

qnSds

OSTW ddS

QUON
sond

qjequnu zutTod—butzeoTF - zgumujz
LTNSAY

Zequnu yuTod—bhut}zeoTF — Tumuyz
SLAdNI

ZJequnu pres jo oor
azrenbs oy} summer pure Tequnu qutod_butj}eoT} e sydaooy

NOTLONNA

od
‘(qTumuy)aq2bsds = gunuj

SISdONAS
raqunu yUTOd—-buTtzeoTF ey} Jo oor aienbs ayy utTeyqo —— yIbsds
AWWN

3rbsds

A -177

OSTW dds

OUON
sond

(yeuoj GLS AAAI) Tequmu jutod—HutzeoTj - umusset
DINSddY

(jeutoy ddd ePTOIOJOW) Tequmu qutod—-but}eoTy — umuj
SLNdNI

qeuoy prepueqs

qqqIl OFUT peqyreauoo ATuO ‘Tequmu sures sey} suINjer

pue zequmu jutod—butjeoTF ysej eTOTOJOW & sqidaooy
NOIDLONNA

‘(umuj )Se0TLdS = UMUsdSeT

SISdONAS

ZeUIOJ prepuejS AYAI 0} Aequmu ddd ue JIEAUOD —— sVeETIdS
GWYN

222eTLdS

OSTW dds

SUON
sond

Zoequnu qutTod—butjzeolTF — gumuj;
LTNSAY

ZJequnu juTOd—buT3zeoTF — Tumuj
SLNAdNI

a[Tbue pres Jo yuebue} oTToqreddAy ey} suinjer pue suetper
UT aTbue ue buTjuesetdezr requmu qutod—butzeoTJ e sqdaooy

NOILONNA

0d
‘(qunuj)yueLds = cgumuj

SISdONAS

Zaqunu ZuTOd—bHutT}zeoTJ ay Jo yuebuez oTToOqredAy ey} uTeFqo —- YUeLdS

aWWN

yueLds

A -178

‘peqoedxe uey} JaqVIous eq [TIM 4STTO buTqInser ey} ‘petjytToeds
ujbuaeT pue XepuT ey TOF 4STxXe jou saop HbuTzysqns ey JI

"4STTO mou
ay} OJ eTqeTteae sem soeds ybnoua jou ‘aaT}ebeu st ASTTO JI

SNOT LddoXxd
"SUOT}OUNJ AST[O OJ
posn oq ued 3eYy YSTTO e& OJ TOYdTIOSep p1IOMbuoT e
- 3STTO
SLTINSdY
-Kdoo oj saqAq Jo Aequnu eUuL
— YU QbueT
“QSTTO oY} UT Ta_QORTeYO
ASITJ OY} ST QO JO XEepUuT UY “Wory HuTrZSsqns 9syYy
butAdoo 31e}S OF AYSTT TaVoeTeyoO oy} UT JosJjJo ouL
= xoput
"TOOLI¥S TO YsTTOMEN Aq peuINjer se ‘4STT
Jojoereyo sty} ebeueu 0} pesn AORdTIOSep YSTTO SUL
- 4STTO
S.LOdNI

‘peTeyTe OU ST 4STTO aornos ey, “seqAq yybueT A0J setdoo pue
3STT TeqQoereyo oy} OFUT xXOepUT JoesFjo Fe ses -uoT}eredo
sty} Aq pejeato 4STTIO mou e ORUT YSTIO ey Jo buTzysqns e satdop

NOILONNA
Td od OW od
(yybueT ‘xeput ‘4sTIo)4stIoqns = 4STTO
SISdONAS

YSTTO e WoT} Hbutazysqns e Adod —- ysTToOqns
AWWN

4stTIoqns

OSTW dds
SUON
song
umuy <= 0

> umuj <= T-
¢ umuj <= T+

OOO

0
0°
0

:Se A[Nser TeuotjounjJ Iebs Ul

0°O0 > umuj - IW
0°0 =< umuj - Id
0°0 =i umuj — SN
0°O = umuj - Oa

:SoyoueIq HUTMOT[OJ ey} JOETJeT OF Fos Sepood UOTFTPUOD

LINSAY
ZJoqumu jzutTod—buTtzeoTJ — umuj

SLNdNI
‘pouinjert st 3[Nse2
Teuotjouny Tabajut eyy /ATTeuct3ztppw “(0°0) o1az Jo onTea sy}
ysutebe uostieduoo e jo y[NSserT ay} eQeoTpUT 0} eS SEpoo
UOT}Ipuoco ay} suINjer pue Tequmu jutTod—HutTzeoTJ e sydaooy

NOILONNA

{td
{°°} (((umuj)3sLds)i) FT

d9wSN O

SOopod UOT}Tpuoo ayetidoridde ay} os pue (0°09) OAeZz anTeAa
au ysuTebe Tequmu jzUTOd—-buTjeoT}J Asey e areduiod -- 4SLdS

GWYN

4+S.LdS

A -179

a3e4sresy
OSTW dds

‘OJaz ST yoreyssASpTo ‘oapoul Tostazedns
ut Apeerzte st weqsdks oy JI ‘e7e 3S Jesn OF
uinjer noA ueyM [nJesn ut owoo TTT WI “Sty eaes
dejutod yorzs weysks — yoryssAspTo
SLTNSAY

‘aqyejs rostaiedns worj pet Teo ueym do

ou e ST UOTIOUNJ STYUL ‘“SqzdnITEVUT Jo HhuTyseu eTqtssod [Te
SepntTouT sty} —— ezep ydnzzaequT [Te TOF aeoeds azepowuoosoe
©} ybnoue abie,T oq ysnu yorj}s Josn ay ‘Yybnoyy [nyereo

cq ‘SaTQeTTeA yoOrqS Tasn OF SsadoDe sey [TTS J9ESsN SUL
‘yoeqgs s,zasn ayj uo butuunzr eTTyM apoul Tostaredns te ug

NOI DONNA

0d

()aqeqsiedns = yoeyssAsSpTo
SISdONAS

yoeqs Tasn y}IM a}ze4s Tostaredns equa —- ae siedns
SWWN

ae 4S1edns

“STTey umsyooyo oy} JT ANDO [TTA MeTe uy
SNOT Lddoxd

pebueyo eq 03 AIeAqTT ey OF AaQUuTOd e — AreImqt{
SLOAdNI

‘Iasn ayy WeTe [TTA weysks aeyQ useyR pebueyo

Sse peyieul ueeq you sey ATeIrqIT eyy pue Yo }eU YOU SaOp
umMsyooyo pTO ue JI ‘umsyooeyd pTo ue Yyoosyo OF pesn aq osTe
ued 3 ‘AIPIqIT e UO UMSyYDaYO MoU e Sagnduoo ArTeIqT Tums

NOITDONNA
TW
(Azerqt{)ArerzqrqTums
SISdONAS

AreiqtyT e uo umsyooyo ayy yoeyo pue oynduioo -~ ATerqrqums
GWYN

Arerqt Tums

A -180

dew3tashdoa
OSTW Hus

“TEeTTeo ayy Aq peyoo,T eq Apesrzte pl[noys Ae] suyL
dew;qtdiedns e sey jeu} reAeT e& 03 TaeRZUTOd e st «APAeT

SZNdNI

‘TaAeT dewatgqirzedns e YIM YyIOM OF STQe eq OF

3UeM Op ynq Samm yonIAS YooydT[D ey} YATA Teaep OF WUeM

zou op ey suOoTIOUNJ essoyW ACJ pesn st stuL ‘dew ytd

depwqytd tedns ojut rzaeXke7T ut sqoaydt[D worly sztq [Te satdop
NOIDLONNA

oe

( » rakeT )dewatasouds

SISdONAS
spunoq zaAeT pzepueyAs ayy UT

ST ZIeAe}zeUM UTM deyqtad tedns eztuoryousAs —-— dep atasouds

AWNWN

dew3tasouds

OSTW ddS -

‘dewatd Ss, JoeUdTTO ey} UT szTq
au} UTM pebueyoxs ore Wogqsey AeTdstp oyy UT SzTq oUL

-Kzourpul e1}xo Hutsn ynouyta peyst{ducooe st sty, “Aetdstp eyy

JO uoT}JOasqns e UATM dewitd [Tews e Jo squequOD ayW dems OF
zoumreiboid smo[{Tw ‘Areaqtt zeKkeT ayy Aq auop you suotyeredo
BUDS OP O} pseu 3}eY} esoy} OJ [TnJesn sutynor yoddns

NOILONNA

ro
da

YQIM sytq dems 03 joeTdT[O 0} TaqutTod
qZIod}ser 073 Ta RUutToOd

Te oF
( zo ‘dz )joaydt TO WodAseysyztadems

SLNdNI

SISdONAS

ZoaYdT[ID pemnosqo pue
deujtq uoumloo ueemjeq sytq dems —— qoeydTTOWIOGAseysytgqdems

GWYN

qoaudT [DV10d3seus}Tadems

A -181

“AT }OeTLTOD poe zer[noteo
jou ST OT}oUTTIe pIOM-aeTHUTS MOTJIaAO PTNOM zeYA YWbHUET W
sond

‘a0etd
ayeq Aeu jeu Hbutddt[o Aue Jo sjoajje ay} yuNooSe
ojUT butyez Tou ‘bHutrz4s 3x03 ey} Jo Hbutuutbeq ayy
qe aoetd ayeq Aou Wey} Hbutuzay eatyzebou Aue butpnypout
you ‘/Adnooo p[nom }xa} STU} X UT STexTd jo Jequmu ayy — YpbueT
SLTNSAY

*HuTr3s oy} UT
slaqoereyo ou ere arey} ‘/o1azZ JI ‘“YyAbueT Hhutr4s ayy — zuNoCd
JO ujbueT ey} euTUTejZep 0} HuTi3s Jo ssarppe ayy — butz4s
‘aprtsel saynqt7z7#A4e 4xe4
aU} aTeYyM SeqTIosep yotum ‘yOdysey ey} Of TaequTod e — Posey
SLAdNI

*(a9TImM Aq pebueyoun st

K do) x do 03 yQbueT eyy ppe ‘/butz4s styy butsn 33TImM e TaqRye
aq PTNoOmM uoTRTSsod jUueTIMS |syy }eYM SUTULIaJep OF ‘SjOp Jeysel
JO Ioqumu 9y} se petytoeds st yybueT ey, ‘“seynqt1r3zQe WUETINS
au} YIM Wogysey petytoeds ay} 03 3ndyno Jr Adnooo ptTnom
e}ep 3x9} 3eUQ YQHuEeT eYyQ souTWIA ep UOT JOUNJ soTyde1rb sTuL

NOTLONNA
9T-0-0d OW TW 0d
(qunoo ‘/6utr4s /310gq4se1)YyQbuEeT} Xe, = YQbueT
SISdONAS

ejep 3x09 Jo yQbueT,T Tayser suTuajep —-— YyybusT}xXe1,
WYN

yqbueT7xXaL

‘uoT}TSod enr} ey} qUaseider Jou secop snyy
pue ‘Azepunog ey OF} pezeounT} ST uoT}ISOd jUeTIMND ayy
‘Kzepunoq yIogysey ey ysed unt poAetdstp szejxoereyo 2yy ji
— SANNOd
SNOT Lda oXxd

4ndjno 03 butrz3ys jo sserzppe ey} — but1z4s
*43nd3zno 3q OF
Slayoereyo ou are ateyj ‘/Olez JI ‘“YyybueT butTr;s |eyA — yunoo
qnd3no 8q OF ST 4x93
au} aTeYyM SeqTiosep YyOTYM WOdseY 3y} OF Tajzutod e — yWog IseY
SLNdNI

*“3nd3no Sst aeuUuTT 4UuerTAND

ay} uo 3x08} ATUO pue ‘SrTe}zORTeYO SYA FO Aue 03 pettdde st
pHuTuraul TOI}QUOD ON “UOT }TSOd JUeTINS ey 7e 31Od}seu petytoeds
au} OF} STe_ZORTeYO 7x93 SeTqezUTId sazTIm uoTZOUN; sotyudeib stu

NOILONNA
OW 9T* 0-00 OW TW od
qtTxyb ‘(juno ‘Hbutzqs ‘3Od_4sey)}xXeL = Toe
SISdONAS
(buT}Z}euUIOJF OU) STa_ZoOeTeYO 7}XO} STAM -—— FXOL
aWWN
4XOL

A -182

OSTW dds

‘JJO AYJET ou/s oTSeyM UOT }eTSUeT} SY} eNUTWUOD OF

[Teo azeTsuelL, qyuenbesqns e uT Teyjng ayy jo Hhutuuthoeq
ay} WOTJ epoouqyT-— Jesjyjo ay} asn usey UedD Tesn oyL
‘peddojs aze[suerlL, Hutr3s LNdNI eY3 UT sTOYM sozZeOTPUT
aNTeA SyNTosqe ssoyM Jequmu eAT}ebeu e UIMIer [TTA
aj\e[Tsuel, ’sammooo sty3 JI ‘sueddey mo[jJreao 9yW seToOjeq
Azrepunoq piom e 3e UOTIeTSURTQ Sy dos [TTA WT ’aMdoD0
[TTM MOTJTSAO ue 2ZeYR SeUTWWAaZeEp aeje[suelL JI “Aezyjnq
4ynd3no ayy butMo[Tjreao ST IMD50 ued ZeYyW AOITZa ATUO eyL
‘paerimooo sey TOIZa OU JT OTez e UNMET [TIM oReTSUeIL

SLTINSHY

Aezzie yndy4no ayy jo yybueT euy -— = uUeT Ano

Sapoo oTJeUOCYUd ay} PTOU TTTM YyoTUuM AerrTe Teyo e -— Fnqyno

Hutr4s yst~Tbuqg jo yybueT - ueTUT

Huti3s yst[Tbuq 0} raqzutod — butr}sut
SLONdNI

“aoTAap TORFeTTeuU

au} 03 3ANduUT se eTqe}INns saepoo oTJeuoYyd jo buti3s e

O3UT butr4s ystTTbuyq ue szTeauod uUOoTIOUNJ os ZeTSUeT} SUL
NOTLONNA

(uaT3no /jnqzno ‘/ueTuT ‘/butzysut)ezetsuer], = epoouz
SISdONAS

soTjeuoyd out butz4s ysT[Tbug ue szeauoD —- a}eTSuerL
GWYN

a Ve[sueir

ojuyzAequez zed ‘ojyuyzeAe'Josodstq
yu’ siakeT

OSTW dds

-ojyuyreheyasodstq butsn

aq prTnoys ereMzjJOS T°TA ‘“FTEeSsFT sanqonsz4s ojuy ITeAeT oyy
Hhutaery 0} AoTId suop eq 4ysnU STUL ‘oyuyraAe Tua 3 eF

U}IM pozeoOTTe Sem ey} pepssu Aqouru e1l}zxe syQ suzmNj}e9y

NOIDONN a

aimyonij4s oyuyreAeT 0} TSeQUTOd = TT

oe
(TT oyu roeAeTUTYL

ojyujzakey 9°T 09 OJUlTeAeT T° T Weauoo -—— ojyuyraAeTutyL

ojul[rAeTuTyL

S.LAdNT

SISdONAS

aWWN

A -183

OM} IO
olez sAeMTe ST TOIIe os ‘/peppe jou ee spiOM [eT Ie,
‘pappe jou sazAq Jo Jequmu ay} sezeoTpuT Oez—-uUOU

_ AOIAS
SLINSAY
4STT Taqzoereyo oy} jo butuutheq ey} OF ppe OF POM SUL
= p1om
“"TOOLIWS TO ASTIDOOTTW Aq poeurnjer se
‘4STT TazoeTeyo styy aebeueu oF pesn Tepeaey YSTTO ouL
— 4sTToO
S.LNdNI
"4ysTTO ayy Aq
peqtiosep 4ST[T Teqoereyo ay} jo HbutTuutbeq ay} OF p10OM e Sppy
NOLLONNA
0d OV 0d
(prom /3STTO)pIOMTIDAeoUn = OTe
SISdONAS
YSTT Taqzoereyo e jo bhutuutTbeq ey} OF POM e ppe —— PIOMTDeOUN
aWWN

PIOM'TOFEOU/)

peppe aq OU pTNoo a3A4q ayy SsezeoTpUT O1ez-UOU

— izoizia
SLTNSAY
ASTT ZJaqVoereyo eyy jo Hbutuutbeq oy} OF ppe OF 9374q SUL
= 23 Aq
‘"JOOLIAS IO YSTIOOOTTW Aq pourmnjzer se
‘ASTT TeZoOeTeYO sTYyA obeueul OF poesn Taepesy 4STT[O oUL
— 4STToO
SLONdNI
“4AsTJo ayy Aq
peqtiosap 4STT rJaq_orereyo ey} jo butuutbheq ay} 0} 234q be SppY
NOILONNA
od OW 0d
(aqfq /4STITO)TeYOINeOUN = AOCIZS
SISdONAS
YSTT Taqoereyo e jo butuutbeq ayy 0} a34q e ppe —— TeYyOTOOUN
GWWN
reyoiozounN

A -184

YOOT e& 0} TaquTod TdOd — YOOT

SLAdNI

*ITqezeerD

qo ‘yooydng ‘yooT worTy peuTejqo yooT weysks buTT TJ e saaowkRr YyooTun
NOIZLONNA

Td

( YooT ) yoo TUN
SISdONAS

STTy ro AToROeATp e YooTun -— Yoo Tun
AHWWN

yoo run

juoubes e 072 IaqUTOd Tdd@ — qUeUlbes
SLAdNI

‘o19z oq Aeu ,juSubes,
‘bagpeoy Aq pournjer sem yeYyA Jetjtjuept jueuibes ey} speorun bespeorun

NOIZLONNA
Td
( juseubes )baespeo Tun
SISdONAS

bespeot Aq pepeot A[snotaeid jueubes e peotun —— bespro Tun
GWYN

baspeotTun

A -185

()oyuyzakeTyooTun yYy'sreAeT
OSTW dus

-Azerqty 1zeXeT ayy Aq pazroddns

Jou st zeyQ aeamjonizys AeKeT ay} YIM Hutyjeulos Op OF
usta Asay JT SeuTyNoT YyOoTUA/YoOT ssey} aesn OF pseu [TT
sroumeiboig ‘31xe AeyQ se ojsurreXeTyooTun pue dn—zre3s
Kay} uoym oyuyzakeqyooy ATjzuesaid soutynor AAT TIV

‘oyuyrakeyyoo] Ataas OJ OJuTTeAeTYyooTun ue

aq pTnous eleyL “yse} sTyQ 03 shuoTeq osulIoAeT

au} USUM suIN}eI emnpecoad styL ‘eanjoni3zs osulhkeyT

au} butsn ostTe st yse} Tey}ZO ou 3ey} aIns soeyeul ‘emyoNTAS
ojyurzeAe]T ayy sartnber zeyR uoTyZe1redo ue Hhutop eiojeg

NOIZLONNA

aimyonrzjs ojuyraAey 09 Aaqutod = TT
SLAdNI

oe

( TT )oyuyreAeTyooTun
SISdONAS

‘ammyjonijs ojyupraAeT oy YyootTun —— oyuyraAeqTyso Tun
aWWN

ojuyreAeTyooTun

y*Ssraket
OSTW dds

*4gndqno otyderzb sqt y4TM pesooid 03 yse}z Teo

aU} MOTTR OF YT 4T yooTun ysnu nod ‘/zrekeT sty yyta butop

eiem nok TAa_eYM ATO sZooeUdT[D eyy HbuTbhueyo peysTuTy usyM
NOIDONNA

tJeKkeT e OF Aaqutod = T
SLNdNI

or
( [ )azekeqyooTun
SISdONAS

‘qT asn 07
soutqznor sotyderb mo,TTe pue AeAeT yooTun —— AeheTyooTun
GWYN

zrakeyyoo Tun

A -186

()zaXkeqyootuq y*srahketT
OSTW dds

“oyulzsAeTyooTuN [Teo uayL
‘peyootTun 3STT reAeT sty ut sxzahkeT [Te exew
NOILONNA

aimjoni4s ojyuyreAeT OF Taqutod = TT
SLAdNI

oe
( IT )sreAeTyoo Tun
SISdONAS

butAtem useq oaey
yey stekeT 03 3ndAno sotyderb YVeAsaY
ynd3no sotyderb worjy siaKkeT [Te yooTun —— sraeAejTYyoo Tun
aSWWN

siaAeTyoo Tun

()zakeqTyooT ‘yy’ sraAeT

OSTW dds

‘SIaqystber yo eros AoA\sep saeop [Teo sTuL
-rakeqyyooy AtTeaa AOJ AsAeyYyo Tun ue oq plnoys sroyL

ALON

eimjonizs AaAeT 0F AaqQutTod = IahkeT
SLNAdNI

“rakeT styuy Ajytpou

ueyy Aew qr{TrAeT ‘ayR peyootun AT[Teer st rakeT ayy ao0u0

‘QO ST 31[NnseT ayy JT AeAeT SyOoTuUN pue yuUNOD YOOT szUEeUEIDSd
NOITLONNA

ce

( zaXeT )woyzedkeqTyoo [un
SISdONAS

apoo (qt{T°xj6b) wor Aq eanjonzjs AekeyT yooTun —— woyreAeTYoo Tun
SWWN
woyrAeTyooTun

A -187

*pouimnyet
jou are (aqd4q [) spiom [TetTzIeWd “(T- ST pzrombuoT)
jes are saqzhq om} Aeddn ayy ’aTqeTteae st ejep ou jI
“YSTT Taqzoereyo ayy jo butuutbeq ay} woljy p10M sul
i P1IOM
SLTNSAY

“JOOIIWS TO YsTTIOSCTTW Aq pournjer se
‘4ST[T TaqZoereyo stuy ebeuew 07 pesn Tepeey YST[O ouL
~— 4sTTO
SLAdNI

"4STTIO
ayy Aq peqtiosep YSTT AeqxoOeTeyo ayy JO pua SYR WOTJ POM eB Sed
NOTLONNA

Ow od
(3STTO)promToyndun = prom
SISdONAS

AST[ Tajoereyo, e Jo pus ay WOTJF pXIOM e jyeb —— pioMTONdUN
GWYN

pazomToyndun

*(T-— ST pzompbuctT )
jes ore sazhq oeryy rzeddn oy ‘eTqeTteae st ejep
ou JI ‘3STT raqoerTeYyo ay} JO pue 9Yyy worTz 974q SUL
a a3Aq
SLINSdY

“"JOOLIWS IO YSTTOOOTTW Aq peurnjer se
/ASTT TeqoerTeyo sTy} ebeueul OF pesn Tepesy FSTTO SUL
— 4STIO
SLAdNI

*43STTO
auy Aq peqtiosap AST[ TejxoRrTeyo ey} Jo pus sy} wor; ayAq e sje»
NOLLONNA

OW od
(4sTTo)reyoToOyndun = 274q
SISdONAS

ASTT Iazoereyo e Jo pues ayy worry 974q & qeb —— rzeyo To naduyn
GWYN

areyo To wndan

A -188

o3e34S1edns
OSTW dds

Tajutod yoeq4s Tostarzedns — yoerqssAs
LAdNI

"93e3S TeSsN oy} WOITJ peTTeo aq jou ysnul uoT}oOUNJ STYL
-aaoqe uoTIOUNJ 2e3e4STedns eyW YQTA UOT IOUNLUOD

ut pesn AT[euou st uoTJoOunJ sTyL “Yoezys Toesn YRIM
a}e}s Tostaredns wory ‘Yous Tesn YIM a}eJS Tasn 03 UINIOY

NOI LONNA
od
(yoreqssAs )aqeqAsiesn
SISdONAS
yoreqs Tasn yyIM 03e4S Zosn 03 UME —- a3e4SITESN
aWWN

a1e3S1eSn

y* sraketT

OSTW ddS
(Azoupu Jo yno ATqeqoid) [n}sseoonsun uotzetedo Jt aSIWA
[njssaoons uotjezedo jT ANUL

SNYN LAA

‘szakeT azayjo [Te FO WUOTZ |yW OF dn zake{T doipyoeg e butiq
Keul nok ‘sbhejta szeheT ey ut 4tq dou@iovd eu4 butzeeto Ag

-pertnbel meziperl Jt sbheTa ut #1Tq Szes

pue 3STT ebeurep sjZoeTTOo 4zaKkeT yserTjer e ST STYW JI

‘szakeT rey3,0o yytm AeTdstp ey Jo yno pue ut

sjtq butddems ‘szeyzo TTR FO yUoOrF ut JaKkeT styy saaow
NOIZLONNA

T
TT

aake{ dorpyoequou e 03 1ajutTod
amyjoni3s oyuyrAeT OF Ia utod

SLNAdNI

Te oF
( [ ‘TT )reheTIu0rJdn NwaTOod
SISdONAS

saake{T ray,O [Te jo yuoAy ut zaket ynd —- rake TIuordy
GWYN

rtakeyT u01Jdp

A -189

‘oaT}TuTId uoTRZeUTUe pue /3x93z ‘soTYydeIb oy} JO TTIW
OSTW dds

‘png e aAeY OF SUTANOT STYR TOF prey sq PTNOM AI

sond

‘aamjoni3s MOeTA UCTITNRUI ey} JO sserppe syQ suIN}eyY
LTNSAd

*UON
S.LAdNI

“"noX IO} MATA 39YUR JO sserppe

au} UIN}JeT TTTM SUTINOT STYR ‘MATA & O23 TequTod e sortnber

SAT} UTId 3eYy pue MOpuTM MOA UT seATRTuTId uoTJeUTUe

qo ‘3x09 ‘sotyderbh ayy jo Aue osn 0} Quem NOA JI “oanjoni4s

MOTA UOTRINQUI eZ JO sseiTppe ey} suINjeT suTANOT STYL
NOITLONNA

() SSOIPPWMETA
SISdONAS

eanyon1z4s

META UOTFINQUI OY JO Sseippe oy} UINjeI -— SsSeIppyMeTA

aAWWN

SSOIPPWMOTA

“osn ou

aaey Aeul poumnjer anjTea Tenjoe ayy ‘HutTysezTy[Nu Jo ossneosg
a LON

‘pouimnjzer oq Aeul g yhnory CO ‘7297 pue 9GZ UseEMjeEq

ST weeq [TeOTPIeA ayy JT ‘sqUTeT}SUOD eTeMpieYy Jo osneoog
song

GGZg-O jo obuer oy} UT S}[NSeT pTTeAa

‘an[TeA suInjer pue uoTyTSsod weeq TOF eTeMprey so jeboi193} UI
LInsaY

OUON
SLNANI

‘orempiey ey WorTJZ uocTATSOd weaeq TeOTWSA BY} S399
NOLLONOA

op

()sogureaga = sod
SISdONAS

qUe\ySUT STUQ 3e uoT}ISsod weeq TeOT IPA eb —— soquresga
GWYN
soqueogA

A -190

SLUTNSAY

‘Teubts reptnotqred e sjueseider yIq yory
"3TeM 0} UOTUM IOJZ sTeubIs Jo Yes ayR - jesTeubts
LAdNT

japoul Tostaredns UT eTTUM peT Teo eq Youued UOTRJOUNF STUL

*unI 0} onuT UCD

TITA yse} ayy pue ‘petjystqes AToej,etpout oq TTT UOT ITpuoo
tem auQ /31TeM BuT[TTeo 03 AOTId pezmModoo Teubts e Jj]

-aqzeqs Apear oy} OF UINAOA TTTM ysez oyQ ‘Sando sTeubts
petjtoeds ey3 jo Aue ueymq ‘“sTeubTS e1OUl IO |UO TOF but tem
puedsns 0} yse} WUeTIMO |yA asned TTTM UOT IOUNJ STUL

NOI LONN

0d 0d

(qasTeubts) 4Tem = sTeubts
SISdONAS

STeubIts o1OUl IO SsUO TOF 3TeM -—— TEM
AWWN

3TeM

"SOATAIWIId uoT}eUTTUe pUue ‘3x23 ‘sotyudeib oy} JO TIW
OSTW dus

-bnq e aarey OF BSUTANOAT STYR TOF prey oq pTNom 7I

sond

-9mnjoNnIAS WO_MeTA S,MOPUTM 3Y} JO sserppe sy sumMyceY
LTNSdd

“sserppe WIOdMeTA eYyR

quem noX yotym Joy eanzonz4s MOpUuTM ey} OF JejUTOd = MOpUTM
SLNdNI

‘[TTeo styuy esn ueo nok ‘am yonrz3s WodMeTA & OF TaquTod

e sortnber aatTyTurad 3eyR puke MOpUTM INOA UT S@ATITUTId

uoT}eUTUR TO ‘3x83 ‘soTyudezb ayy jo Aue asn OF FURM no& JI

‘poAeTdstp ST MOpUTM dU} YOTYUM UTYRFTM UseTDS oY} JO WOdMSTA

au} ATTenjzoe Sst sTyL ‘“MOPUTM peTJToeds oy} YATM pezeToosse

ainyzonrz4s WoOgMeTA ey JO sserTppe ey} suAN}eT suTyNoL STUL
NOTLONNA

OW

(MOPUTM ) SSOTPPWJAOGMOTA

SISdONAS
ammyoniASs WLO_GMeTA

S,MOpuTM eB JO SSorppe ey} UAN}JeT -—— SSeTppyWOdMeTA
GWYN
SSOIPPYWOdMeTA

A -191

aan}jonzys WOoOdMeTA OF} AaeqjutTod = VIOdMOTA
SLAdNI
“Zrodmata styy Jo woz}Oq seYyoret weeq TeoT WA USsYyM suIN joy
NOIZDONNa
oe
( qIOdmMeTA )dAOdFTeM
SISdONAS
‘“ZIOdMeTA STUA
JO woz#}Oq SaYyoeer weeq TeOTSA TTT} FTeM —— dAOMITeM
AWWN

dAOdIT eM

Te}ATTauMostTqd /1934TTAUMO
OSTW dds

‘soueTd3tq 7 pue ‘SauIH ‘Aqoweul pepuezxe yzTM weyshs pepeort
A[Ttaesy eB UT SANdDO UaRJO YsOoU STYUL “U8zATIM Useq sey eZTSITd
ybnoy} ueaa ‘yA YTTq ey pees Jou joe} UT sey T9zATTIT Sur
usYM UCOS 00} WINAeT Aew apoo sTyW ‘snuby uT Hnq e Jo sesnedsg

sond
‘poysTUTJ ST 19eq3TTQ euy TTQUN sytem werboid rMOZ
LTINSAY
QUON
SLAdNI
"3TTasdo
Io 31[Tqd butsn dn poenanb sqiTq [Te TOF ATem jou ssop 3ITTaFTeM
‘T9aq{T[qUMOSTq pue 138394TTaUMO butsn ueymM se yons ‘/reuUueu SnouorYyoUAS
e UT Ta3z4TTq ey} YURTA but{Teep ueya ATuo pesn aq ATTeurou
ptnoys uotqzouny STYUL “STPT ST TEeqATTC eyA USsymM SuAN}Zoet 4YTTAFTeM
NOLLONNA
()3TTa3TeM
SISdONAS
‘asTe butyyAue yAtTa
Hutpesooid eiojeq poystuTjy oq 0} 18q4TTQ ey} TOF szTem -~ FTTAITeEM
GWYN
FT TAFTeM

A -192

OI pues
OSTW dds

pouinjer Sst TOIIa ue asta ‘/[nJsseoons JT o1ez — AOI
SLINSdd

YooTq ysenber O/I ue 0} ATaquTOd - ysenbeyYot
SLNdNI

‘peTpuey AtTredoid oq ued

Sqynoout} O/I MOY ST STUL ‘peaTedeT sT Teubts re[Tnot zed Aue
UdYUM UIN}ZSeT [TTA YoOTYyM ‘/uOTJOUNT ATeM syy esSNn OF Tejyes

ST 31 ‘A}TTTqQtssod e sT uoT}enzIs sty} JI “Huey TTT™

ySse3 ANOA pue ‘uM jer AsAoU [[IM UOT JOUNF sty ‘seqeaTduioo
Iaasu O/I ayy jt ‘/saqetduoo ysanber O/I ey [T}UN UIN}eT
jou saop yt se ‘/azed YIM pesn oq p[noys uoT }OUNJ STUL

‘ATezetpouwt wer [TT™
uoTJOUNJ SsTYyy ‘peqzetTdwoo Apeaizte sey O/I eyy JI ‘azeTduoo
0} #Senber O/I petytoeds oy} OJ syrem uoTROUNFJ STUL

NOILONNA

TW 0d

(3senbeyot)Oo1}temM = 101Ie
SISdONAS

ysenber O/I ue Jo uoTtzeTduoo AOJ 4yTeM —— OIFTeEM
HAWN

OIFTeEM

ueaTOCOg — [ood
SLTINSdY

Jabeqyut -— ynosuwty
oTpuey eTTy e OF TaqjuTod Tddd - PTTI
SLAdNI

‘SpuoodasorIoOtu UT petTytToeds st , Not}, “soTASp TeuTuUIe, TenzITA e
0} pazOouUOD are sueeTysS O/I ey} UeYyM pTTea ATuoO St TeYDIOIATEM
2eU SION “FT peor 09 peoy osn ued nOoA ‘/aTqeTtTeae sT Tajzoereyo &

JI ‘(asTwd) 0 suanjer QT ‘/astmteyjo /(anuL) T- summer TeYyoTodz Tem
,/qnoout3, Aq pezyeoTpuT ‘out uTezZIES e UTYFIM ,eTTF, eTpueYy oy
U}JIM poyeToosse STTJ oy} WoT peor oq OF STQeTTeae ST Tojorreyo e FI

NOLLONNA
cd Td 0d
( qnoourtz ‘/aTTJ )TeYOTogzTeM = [ood
SISdONAS
FRWTT ouTy e UTYRTA TeuTUTEZ
TeENYITA eS ze SATITe sie7oeTeyO TJBYAVYM VUTULTOJeOp —— TeEYOIOTRFTCM
SIWWN
TeYOIOII TEM

A -193

ouoU
SLAdNI

sond
‘TaT Teo Of Hutummyet erojeq ayeTduoo 0} seuTyNOI asoTAIES

yueTq [eOTITeA [Te pue AMD90 OF YUeTq TeOT}IAaA TOF SITEM
NOILONNA

() JOLFTOM
SISdONAS

aueljJ OepTA 3xeUu ayy jo doj ayQ ACF 3TeM — FOLITEM
GWYN

AOLFTEM

fHswe9
OSTW dus

abessaul STQeTTeAR ASAT} Sy OF} TaquTod e — ahessou
NYO LAY

q10d abessoul ayy OF JeqzUTOd e ~ jyIOd
LAGNT

“onenb ayy WOTJ peaocul!r jou ST 4T

3nq) penenb abessoul sity ayy OF TezUTOd e sAemTe ST onTea
uinjet oyu, ‘“ATe_zeTpoUMIT UINJET T[TM uoTjounJ sty ’yLoOd
au} We quesezd Apeerzte st ehessoul e JI ‘“Teubts yIoOd ayy
IOJ 3TeM OF PETTeO eq [TTA UOT}OUNJ WTeM oy ‘ATessadeU JI

-Xjydup_uou aulodeq 03 310d ueaTb ayy TOF sytem uOT_IOUNZ STYUL

NOTLONNA
OW 0d
(320d)310q3TeM = abessou
SISdONAS

Ajdup—uou eq 0} WIOd UdsATH e AOJ ATeM —— PIOGATeEM
HWYN

Wod}TeM

A -194

() yoeqoLyousgm
OSTW agS

SUON
sond

‘aSTWd suamnjet jt ‘astmieyjo “aNdL
suInj}er uoT}OUNJ sTyQ /pousdo sem UdseTOS YOuSeqyIoM eu JI
LIasaa

2UON
SLNdNI

“aSTWd SUIM}oT YT ‘asTMIayAO /ANUL
suinjzer uotzounJ stuq ‘’pouedo sem usetTOS YOuSqyYIOM 9Uy JI

*useIOS 3Uuy

JO ZUuauSbuezze ujdep syQ ATUO sqoazjJe AT /uMOp AO dn uUseZDsS
ou} ,,eAOo"u,, JOU SeOp STYUL ~‘punorberOZ syQ OF dUIOD O03 ‘poeuado
A{jueTIMS Sst AT JT /usaros yOuseqyromM ayy sesned sUuT NOT STUL

NOLLONNA
() JuoTJOLYyousgM
SISdONAS
suoseros [Te
JO }UOTJ UT UasTDS YOUEqyIOM 9ayQ Hbutaq -— juUOTyJoOLYyouegm
aWWN

quorlgoLyouegm

()qUOZTZOLYOUSgM
OSTW aas

*UON
sond

‘aSTWd SuIN}QeT AT ‘asTareyjo /aNdL
summer uot_oUNJ sTyy ‘peuedo sem useTDS YOUSqYIOM 3syA JI
LInsaY

OUON
SLNdNI

-aSTWa suInjer WT ‘aSTMIEYAO “ANUML
suinjei uotzounJ sty ‘peuedo sem useTDS YOUSqyYIom ey FI

‘usei0s ayy

Jo Ruouehuerze yydep ayy ATUO szZoOeFzZe 4T ‘UMOp IO dn useir0s
ou} ,eAoU,, JOU SeOp STUL ‘punoibyorq ay} 03 Ob 03 ‘peauedo
A[AueTIMS St AT JT ‘ueezos youeqyiom ey} sesned ouTyNor STUL

NOILONNA
() yoeqoLYyousgM
SISdONAS
SUS9010S
TTe jo yoeq ut UseeTOS YyoOuSsqyToM ey pues —— yoegoLyous”dM
aWWN
yoe<qoLyousgm

A -195

()moputTmMuedo
OSTW dus

SUON
sond

‘(aq [TTA seuo pTTeA ay} Yybnoy}) PeTTTJINJ you st ysonber AwWTT
qjueiis oy} pue /peurinjer st asiwd ‘(ezts jJueTanod ueyy sseT
sumuUTXeu /OZTS ZUeTINO uey} Je}zeerb sumututu) ebuer Jo yno

SCM Iojouered e JI ‘Tepzo ut sem HutyyATeAe JT anuL suinjzoy
LITINSAY

*pebueyoun
aq [[tm butyQes zeyR pue paroubTt eq [TTM IT ‘oraz
O} JOS ST FIUTT © JI ‘“MOpUTM STYR JO OZTS ZY ATOZ
S}TTT Mou oyu. = FUPTeHXeW ‘UIPTMXeW ‘IUHTSHUTW ‘UFPTMUTW
-9anj0oniI4S MOPUTM eB Of JsajUTOd = MOpUTM
SLNdNI

‘paqetTduioo st buTziTs ey} Jaqxye [TUN Zoajyjyo oyej You [TTA
S2TUTT MoU oy} /MOpUTM STY} HuTzts ATRZUeTINO st AJesn ay} FI

“NUL Od TITM en[Tea uM jer ay} ‘pTTeaA are squoumbre [Te JI
"aSTWd OQ TTTM emnpesocoid sty} worjJ enTea uIMyer 9yy ‘obue1z
Jo yno st yuoumbrze Aue JI ‘ahuer ut ore AsyA JT Wajje
aye} [TTT3S TITM szeyjo ay} ybnoyy ‘/petoubyT eq TTT ITWTT
zeuQ ‘/(aZzTS qUezZINO |YyR UeYy SSseT sumuUITxeu ‘eZTSs jUETINO
ay} uey} Je}zeerH sumuitutTw) ebuezr Jo yno st jueumbre Aue JI

‘peqinjstpun sutewet Jejeuered yeyz Jo HbutzyZes TeTRTUT
au} pue peroubT sT juoumbre yey ‘/OTaeZ 03 Tenbe st quoumbie
qiwt{T Aue JI ‘OTaZ OF UOTSUDdUITTp ey} ACJ qQUeuMbHre BYIUTT oYyR
yeas ‘suotsueutp ayy jo ouo Aue abueyo 0} jyuem you op Nok JI

‘()moputmuedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq paetjtoeds

S}TTT [TeTRTUT ey} OF Tenbe ore SRTWTT eZTS S,MOpUuTM ayy
‘peTTeo ST auT NOT sTy} [TT}#UN “aZTS S,MOpUTM sy JO STUTT
unuTxew pue umutuTu ayy ysnf{pe 03 NoA sMoTTe suT NOT STUL

NOTLLONNA
€d 7d Td od OW
(QUbTeHXeW/ UIPTMXeW / FUHTSHUTW ’ YFP TMUTW ‘ MOpUTM ) SQ TUT TMOPUTM
SISdONAS
MOPUTM oY JO SRTWTT umuiTxew pue umuiTuTU eyy eS -- S>TWTTMOpuTM
aWWN

S}TUTTMOpUTM

yu’ srahkeT
OSTW dus

-qutod stu} ze TeAe{T ou ST erey} JT O SuaNjzeY *TaACT

STY} 03 TaqzuTOod ayy sumnyer ‘/seop jT FI ‘JaAeT sty} UT sanodoo

(A‘x) qutod sty} JT ees 09 syoayo ‘TeAeT jsoudoj ayy ze butz7ReIWS
NOLLONO

dew3t@ oy} UT oReUTpIOOCD = (A‘x)
ainjoni3s ojuyzaAeT of AaQutTod = TT
SLAdNI

TP OP OF
( kK ’x ‘tT )zakeTyotym(» TekeT Jonz4s) = ToeAeT

SISdONAS

épazeooT yUTOd sTyR st JeheT yoTym ut —— TekeTYyOTYyM
GWYN

tTakeqyotum

A -196

()yoegoLmMoputTmM /()MopuTMeZzTs ‘ ()MOpuTMeACW
OSTWY dds

SUON
sond

SUON
LINSdAY

‘Qquozry 03 3zYUbNoIq
aq O} MOPUTM ay} JO 9anqQoNnrAS BY OF Aa}UTOd = MOPUTM
SLAdNI

-poebuerie yujdep eq jZouuRo smopuTM dozpyoerg 7eYy} ToequeulSy

-puooas e sour} ARXTS Jo umuTxeul e pue puodes Ted soulT} ue}
jo a3er umuTtuTy Pe je ATQUeTIMO sueddey YyOTYM ‘jUSsAe ynduUT
ue SSATSO8T UOTRINQUL SUIT} }xXeU By} pebuezze oq TTT™ FI

‘-ATo elpouut pobuerze-yjdep oq you [TTA MOpUTM Sey} 7eY SION

-uadeTOS ay} UT SMOpUTM Jey,O [Te JO yUOAF UT MOPUTM 3A
Huliq 03 buTyYse uot}ZIn}UI OF YsenbeT e spues suUT NOT STUL

NOIDONNA
OW
(MOPUTM ) JUOLTJOLMOPUTM
SISdONAS
quoiy oy OF MOpPUTM sTUuW huTarq Oo} UOTITNQUT yse --— 4UOCTJOLMOPUTM
aWWN

}UOCTJOLMOpUTM

-)QuozqoLMOpuTM /()mMopuTMeZTS / ()MOpuTMeACH
OSTW dds

QUON
sond

SUON
LINSAY

“yoeq ey} OF
qjuas eq 0} MOpUTM ay} JO 9rNnjoONTS ey} OF JaqzUTOd = MOpUTM
SLNdNI

‘pebuerie_yjdep eq youueo smoputm dorpyoeg 7ey Tequisulcy

‘puooas e sauwt3 A}XTS Jo umuTxeul e pue puodes Jed seauTt

ud} JO ajer umutuTy e 4e ATQUeETINO sueddey YOTYM ‘j}UsAe
ynduTt ue seATadaerT UOTIINAU] SUIT }xXEU SY} pobuezize aq [[T™
a1 ‘/ATayetTpeuut pebuezze yydep eq jou TTTM MOpUTM eyy 3eUA
SION ‘UudeTOS 3Yy} UT SMOpUTM TEYyAO TTe Jo Yyoeq UT MOPUTM
au} pues 0} buryse uoTzIN}_UI OF YSenber e spues SUTINOT STUL

NOLLONNA
Ow
(MOpUTM ) YOREOLMOPUTM
SISAONAS
yoeq ou} OF MOPUTM STYQ pues OF UOTRFTNAUT yse —-— YOR{OLMOPUTM
AWN
yoregoO,LMOPUuUTM

A -197

[exTdpeey
osTw dds
sond
‘pebueyo st [Textd euL
LTNSdd
‘asn 03 7IOg}seYy ey} 0} TequTod e - dz
‘aqzeuTpI0os x ayy - A
“paqeootT st Textd
peqoeTes ayy YyoTUM je IOG|seY ey UTYATM ezeUTpIOOD X SY} - xX
SLONdNI
“qrog}sey UT suTajUTW pue SsepowMe14d sXeqo ‘ued buTMerp
Azeutid ayy ‘yueg Aq petytoeds ATQueTIMS) ey, OF WoOd sey
petytoeds ey} ut Textd pejZoeTes ey, Jo Tequmu ued oy} sebueyo
NOTLONNd
Taq od {®
(K ‘x ‘di )[extdezT4ImM
SISdONAS
‘qiogiaysey peTtjtoeds
e UT Taxtd oTjytoads auo Jo requmu ued oyy ebueyo —— TexTde3TIM
AWWN

Text do} Tim

Jebajut — yybueTpeummyje1z
SLTNSAY

Jebejut — yybueT
Iajjnq euy UT uoTRISOd AsATJ ay JO ssoippe — Aeyjnq
aTpuey aTtyJ eB OF AaQUTOd Tddd - STTF

SLAdNI

“TINJ ST YSTp ayy zeuy ozeotput ‘oeTdurexe toy ‘Aeu YOTYUM

uimmjeri 101M Ue IOJ Yyooyo sAemjTe Ysnu [Teo styy jo Jesn syL “ACTIe ue
SO}COTPUT T— JO aNTeA WY *Uda}}TIM STeJOeIeYO JO JequmuU 9eyy ST ,YWbUET, Jo
aNTRA ayy ‘OTEeZ ue JezeeTbH st ,yQbueT, ueym ‘Aes 0} ST FeYUL “UezZTIM
AtyTenjoe uotzeurojyuT Jo yRbueT eyy sezeotpuT 3eyR enTea e suIN}eT 3TIM

‘OaZIS Teyjnq ayy OF SIejer ,tajjnq, ‘perrejysuez3 oq OF e3ep Jo yqbuetT
Tenqoe ay} 0} SIejaT ,uQbueT, ,aTT}, ETT} peuedo oy} 0} ejep Jo sezhq
SOFTIM OFTIM “93TIM pue pesy Jo UOT eUTqUOD e UATM eZep Kdoo urd nox

NOILONNA
Ed zd Ta od
(yqbueT ‘Jaygnq ‘aTTy )e3tIM = YQbueTpeumn jer
SISdONAS
‘OTT e& OF eZep Jo SozAq |RTIM -— 983TIM
aWWN
33TIM

A -198

"390A YIOM YOU SSOP 39UO STUL

sond

oinyzoniys eTbhue_oey OF Taqutod = aTbuejoar

aimmyonij4s uothay 0} TaqutTod = uotbe2
SLAdNI

‘uoTbeat UT 4[NSseT syA saareayT ‘aTbueqoer sy jo

aPTSyNoO SySTxe 7eYR UOTHerT ay} Jo uoTzIod Aue Aeme sdTTO
uot oun,

Te oe

(aTbuejde7 ‘ uoTbaz ) uoTbayqoaYyTOX

SISdONAS
uoTbet ut 4[Nser HutaresaT,T ‘uoThber YyRIM

aTbueqzoet Jo uoTyeredo YOK puosas wiojted -— uoTbhseyzooYrOX

GWYN

uoT hay }OoYTOX

A -199

Appendix B

Device Summaries

This appendix contains UNIX-like summaries for the commands that may be applied to ROM-
resident (or Kickstart-resident) devices, as well as summaries of routines in disk-loadable dev-
ices. These documentation files are organized by device. Following this introduction is a listing
of each command, followed by the library in which it is located. Note that there are no sum-

maries for the trackdisk device; see the ‘“Trackdisk Device” chapter for information about this
device.

The tutorial sections of this manual give you information about how these device commands
relate to each other and the prerequisites for calling them. To use any of the device commands,
you must first open the device. The correct calling sequence for opening each device is shown in
the device tutorial chapter itself. This introduction lists the names of the current set of devices

that are included with the system.

If the device is disk-resident, it is loaded and initialized. The OpenDevice() call fills in the
io_Device and io_Unit fields of your I/O request block, thereby tying that request block to a
specific device. When you say DoIO(IORequest), the DoIO() routine, among others, looks in
the IORequest to find out which device is to be used. This prevents your needing to have a
complete (duplicate) set of I/O transmit and control functions for each device.

The following is a list of the names of the devices that are currently a part of the Amiga
software. All of these are to be treated as null-terminated strings, which are given to the
OpenDevice() function. For example:

error = OpenDevice(”keyboard.device” ,O,LORequest,0);

See OpenDevice() in the ‘“‘Routine Summaries” appendix for the meaning of the various fields
of this command.

Device Names

audio.device
clipboard.device
console.device
gameport.device
input.device
keyboard.device
narrator.device
parallel.device
printer.device
serial.device
timer.device
trackdisk.device

When you have finished using a device, at the end of your program you should close it, using
the CloseDevice() function as follows:

CloseDevice(IORequest);

You must also free whatever memory you may have dedicated to device communication before
your program ends. Note that you must make sure that the device has responded to all of your

I/O requests by returning your IORequest blocks before you attempt to close the device or
deallocate the memory.

If the system is running out of memory and needs to free up space, it can check the accessors
field for various devices. If you have closed the device, it decrements its accessors count. For

those devices whose accessors value is zero, the system can retrieve the memory that the device
was using.

Certain devices—the timer and console devices—have routines associated with them. These
devices can almost be treated as libraries. To access these routines, you must, as with a library,
provide a value to a specific base variable name:

Device Base Address Name

timer TimerBase
console ConsoleDevice

To get this base address, you must open the device, then copy the io_Device field from your
TORequest block as the base address for this “library” routine. Note that unlike when you are
using libraries, you need not issue a CloseLibrary() command after using the device routines.
The CloseDevice() function call is sufficient.

An example showing how to obtain the base address for the timer device is shown in the “Timer
Device’’ chapter in this manual.

Contents

AbortIO
AbortIO
AbortI10O
AbortI0O
AddHandler
AddResetHandler
AddadTime
ALLOCATE
AskCType
AskTrigger
background
BeginIO
BeginIO
BeginIO
BeginIO
Break
CDAskKeyMap
CDAskKeyMap
CDInputHandler
CDInputHandler
CDSetKeyMap
CDSetKeyMap
CLEAR

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Close

Close

Close

Close
CloseDevice
CmpTime
CurrentReadID
CurrentWriteID
DumpRPort
Expunge
Expunge
FINISH

FLUSH

Flush

Flush

Flush

Flush

FREE

Invalid

parallel
clipboard.

LOCK
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open

OpenDevice

audio.
serial.

narrator.
parallel.

input.

keyboard.

timer.
audio.

gameport.
gameport.

timer
audio
serial

serial.

console.
console.
console.
console.
console
console

audio
input
serial.

console.
console.
gameport.
keyboard.
parallel

serial.

narrator.
parallel.
clipboard.

audio.
timer.

clipboard.
clipboard
printer

audio.

clipboard.

audio.
audio.
serial.

printer.
narrator.
parallel.

audio.

Printer.

audio
input
serial

gameport
narrator
parallel
clipboard

audio

device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device

.device
.device
.device
.device

device
device
device
device
device
device

.device
.device
.device
.device

device
device
device
device
device

.device

device
device
device
device
device
device
device

.device
.device

device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
.device
.device
.device
.device
.device
.device
.device
.device

OpenDevice
OpenDevice
PERVOL

Post
PrtCommand
Query

Query
RawKeyConvert
RawKeyConvert
RawwWrite

READ

Read

Read

Read

Read

Read

Read
ReadEvent
ReadEvent
ReadMatrix
RemHandler
RemResetHandler
RESET

Reset

Reset

Reset

Reset

Reset

Reset

Reset
ResetHandlerDone
SetCType
SetMPort
SetMTrig
SetMType
SetParams
SetParams
SetPeriod
SETPREC
SetThresh
SetTrigger
START

Start

Start

Start

Start

Start

STOP

Stop

Stop

Stop

SubTime
TR_ADDREQUEST
TR_GETSYSTIME
TR_SETSYSTIME
UPDATE

Update
WALTCYCLE
WRITE

Write

console.
console.
audio.
clipboard.
printer.
serial.
parallel.
console.
console.
printer.
audio.
serial.
console.
console.
narrator.
parallel.
clipboard.
gameport.
keyboard.
keyboard.
input.
keyboard.

audio

parallel

clipboard

keyboard

serial

device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device

.aevice
input.
serial.
printer.
keyboard.
narrator.

device
device
device
device
device

.device
.device
.device
gameport.
input.
input.
input.

device
device
device
device

.device
parallel.
input.
audio.
input.
gameport.
audio.
input.
serial.
printer.
narrator.
parallel.
audio.
serial.
printer.
parallel.
timer.
timer.
timer.
timer.
audio.
clipboard.
audio.
audio.
serial.

device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device
device

Write
Write
Write
Write
Write
Write
WriteEvent

console.
console.
printer.
narrator.
parallel.
clipboard.
input.

device
device
device
device
device
device
device

qIoqe Oo} pueURoo oy} ACJ YSoenbey O/I ey} OF AaquTod —— ysoenbeyot

SLAdNI

‘poqzoge sem OJ 3eYy} UCTIeOTpUT Ue sUTezUOD ysenbeyot
au} JO PTeaT] AOIIG OT ayy /TNJsseoons st Poqy ey} JI “[n}Jsseoonsun

aq 0} peMOTTe ST FI

‘pueullod aoTAep e WIOGe 0} SeTI} OIWoqQY

NOILONNA
TW
‘ (ysenbexyoT ) o1 oq
SISdONAS

pueulod soOTASp eB YIOGe — OT WoqyY
GWYN

OIMoqy/sa0Taap “otpne

aoTAsquadO/soTaap °
“oTpne
“oTpne
“oTpne

ebundxq/a0Taep
BOTASGESOTD/a0 TASp
GLIYM GWO/OluUtTbeg/e0Taep

qLWadn CAWO/OLUtTbed/e0TAap '
“oTpne

dOLS ANO/olUTbeg/s0TAep

LYWLS ANO/OlUTHed/a0TAap *

LaSaY GWO/oluTbeg/a0TAap"
“OoTpne
“otpne
“oTpne
“oTpne
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“OTpne
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away dWO/OlUTbeg/s0Taap

HSN1Td ANO/OLUTbDed/e0 TAep
YWITO AWO/OlUTbe”g/a0TAap
AFIOAOLIVM ANodv/olutbeg/eotaep
OgudLAS AWodv/OlUTbed/e0TAep
TOAUAd GNOdv/OlUTHbed/e0 Taep
WOOT GNodv/oluUTbeg/a0TAap
qgdd GNodv/olutbeq/a0Taep
HSINIA GWOdv/OlUTbe_g/a0Taap
ALWOOTTY GWOdv/olutbeg/e0TAap
OlUTbeg/a0Taep

OI Moqy/aoTaep’

otpne

otTpne

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nok ‘szaystHhert aerempzey otTpne 9ey} 0F ATOSATp a103S OF epToep NOA FI

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qdnizejzut ut ALWOOTIW GWOdW esn jou og ‘uTehe wey} esn 0} SeTI} Tesn
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pue ‘sToeuueyo
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‘Saeouepesceid ,SsTeuueyo ayy SIAMOT

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"STouueryo

poxeooTTe Teas OF ALWOOTTW GWOodwW eATnber jou seop yey} uoT eUTqUICD
QUO PUTS 0} ‘/TapIO pot}toeds oyuy UT ‘aUITZ e& Ze sUO ‘UOT eUTqUD
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ou ‘(uybuey eot) yQbueT oraz st Aeazze uoT}euTquOD TeuURYO ayy JI

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a }LOOT[e OF SETI} pue (Tid UT) eoUepedead uOT}eOOCTTe Ue pue (eed OT)
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‘STauueYyo OTpNne aTdTR#[NU SsoezeooTTe jeu} pueUMIOD e ST ALWOOTTW CGNOdV

NOIDLONNA

S[Teuueyo oOTpne Jo joes e azeoOTTe —— ALWOOTIW GNOdW

ALWOOTTY GWOdW/OLUTbeg/s0 TAep ‘oTpne

pueuuoo sty} TOF ysenbey O/I ay} OF AeQUTOd ~— jsenbeyot
SLNdNI

‘popreiyy eTbuTs wey} ayeuwl oF penenb oie
spueuloo TayjZO [Te pue ‘/ATOseITp peTTeo sAemTe ore spueUMIOD oeTpoUR]
‘spueullod SOTAep [Te buTyo }edstp Fo AjtTtqtsuodsez ayy sey olutTbeg

NOLLONNA
TW
‘ (ysenbeyoT ) orutbeg
SISdONAS

pueullod soTAep e yo 3edstp — oOlUTbeg
AWN

OluTbeg/eoTaap ‘otpne

Teuueyo roy Ady yoReul WOU Ssop
(AeyooTTW Pot) Aey uoTeD.OTTe -— NOILWOOTIVON UYYsOIAW

AoIIS ou — 0
:Tequmnu AOS —- JOIIG OT

(€ nzy3 QO STeUuUeYo Of puodserIOD
€ ny O S3Iq) peustuTy A[[N}Jssaoons sTeuueyo jJo deul yITq - 3Tun OT

SiNdLNO

pueuuoo ALYOOTTW GWOodW IO uoTjOUNJ soTAaequedo (Aq jes
YOOTC O/I wory petdoo 10) Aq yes aq ysnu /Aay uot }eoOTTe —ASeYyooT[W POT

aToAo
querIno Jo pus ayy 3e yYsTUTy (LS)
ATO eTpouMT YSTUTT (YWATO) -HIOAOONAS AOIAW
ysenber O/T Atder (awa) - MOINS AOI
>posn jou JT pereaTo oq ysnu ‘/sbheTJ — sbeTa OT
HSINId GWNOdW ZOJ Tequmu pueuioo — puUeUMIoD OT
(€ nzy} QO STeuUeYd OF

puodsezi0. ¢ NIYyA CO $3Tq) YSTUTJ OF STeUUeYo Jo dew AIq — 3tTun OT
uotjZOUNJ aotaaquedo (Aq Ayes YOoTW O/I
WOT} petdods 10) Aq joes oq Ysnu ’/AapoU sdTASep OF AaqQuUTOd — aoTAed OT

IeatTo st (MOINO AOI) bet} yotnb oyR jt
ysenber O/I SeAteoer yey YWIOd abessoul 0} Taq4utod —zI0gATdey WI

SLNAdNI

*“TaybTy IO G [eaAeT 3dnTe\UT We Spoo

qydnizezutT UT HSINI4 GWodv esn jou oq “AeeTO ST (YOINO AOI) HeTy yotnb

ayy Jt (yIogATdey uu) ATuo sat{tdez pue snouozyoudASs st HSINIA CWOdW

‘(NOILLWOOTIVON YYROIGW) Tora ue suinjezr HSINIA GNOdW yOezTTOoUT st Aoy

UOCT}ROOTTS Ou JI ‘*(AIOAOONAS AOIGW) HeTy ouAs ayy uo Hhutpuedap aToho

quezImMd au} Jo pua ay} je IO ATaReTpouMIT 39RTIM JUeTAND sy spIOGe

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st (AdyooTTw eot) Asy uoTRZeO.OTTe ey JT ‘(4TUN OT) TeuUeYo pezOeTES

yore IOJ ‘“‘SsTeuueYo OTpne asTdIz [Nu TOT pueumoo e ST HSINIA GWOdW
NOIDLONNA

STeuueYyo OTpne 03 sserbord ut saq4tim yroqe —-— HSINI4 AWOodw
GWYN

HSINI4 GWodw/Olutbeg/a0Ttaep ‘otpne

PETTRJ UCTCOOTTS — GHTIWAOOTIV YYHOIAW

IoIiIe OU -— 0

:Toequnu TOAD — TOAAIG OT

(3x0eq eaoge aves) snouoxzyoudse JT peree[o hej YOINO AOI — sbeTq OT
(¢€ nzry3 QO SsTeuUueYyo OF puodseTIOO ¢

niui 0 S}#Tq) sTeuueyo pezeooTTe AT[NJsseoons jo dew 4Iq — 3Tun OT

SLNdLNO

(speeoons sAemTe 0 ‘9T nary Q)
Kerze uotjido uotzeuTquoo Teuueyo ey} jo yybueT — yYyRbueT eot
(€ nIyuy Oo STeuUeYyo OF pucdseTIOS ¢ NYA OC
sqtq ‘Aerze a34q) suotjydo uot }eUuTquiod TeuueYyo OF Jajyutod — eyed eOT
pueuod ALYOOTTW GNOdwW snotaeid IO uoT}OUNJ adTaequedo
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(daTIVIOOTTW YugOIaw)
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ST TIT9 37eM /STTeJ uOTReOOTTe FT (YWATO) —LIVMON JOIdW
(3x03 aaoqe ves) snouoryouAse
jt ATuo ysenber O/T ATdez ATuo (Las)
ysenber O/I ATdex (uwaIoO) - wWOINO AOI
:pesn jOU JT pereaeTo eq ysnu ‘sbheTjy — sbeTq OT
ALVOOTIV UNOdWY IOJ Tequmu puewuco — pueUMOD OT
uotqzounJ sotaaquedo (Aq Yes YooTd O/I
wolj petdoo 10) Aq jes aq ysnu ‘apou sdTAEep OF AejUTOd - BOTASq OT
yes st (WOINO dolaw)
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iajje ysonber C/I seateoear ey} WOd aebessoul 03 AoejuTod ~yNogh{dey uu
(LZT nary? 8ZI—-) eouapeocerd uoTZedOTTe — tid UT

SLAdNI

‘wouj butsn peystuty ere noA useym sTouueyo poezeooTTe [Te (qq¥uq dGWodv)
aeIjJ ysnu nok ‘/ueTo}Ss ere sTeuueyo sseTun ‘SsaouejsuMoOITO T[e Tepun

"ueTO IS
Huteq wory sTouueyo ay} yUueretd OF (DaUdXYW OOTTWaW) umuUTxXeul OF

TauueUo PoeYOOT
Teaqs oj HbuTq@duejjze uoT}eOCTTe -NATOLSTENNWHO YusOrldy
Teuueyo roy Aasy yORew WOU Sasop
(Aayoo[Tw eot) Asx uoT}eoOTTe — NOILWOOTIVON YaaOIdw

IoIIS ou — 0
:Iequmu TOTS —- IOIIG OT
(IOITS NOLLWOOTIVON YYsOIAaW Cu)
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(qqudq GWodv) poery you (¢ nazyy OQ SsTeuUeYo Of puodseII0O
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poereetTo oq ysnu ‘sbeTy - sbeTq OT Teuueyo Toy Aay YyoReuU JOU SsOop
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yore Jog ‘sToeuueyo otpne aTdt3z nu rOJ pueuwmlioo e ST WOOT GWodv yore 10g ‘sTeuueyo oTpne aeTdty[nu TOJ pueumioo e ST Agua CGWNOdW
NOILONNA NOTLONNA
uaTOIS buteq wor} sTeuueYyo OTpNe juaacid —— YOoT ANodwv UuOCT}eOOTTe TOJ sTeuueyo OTpne serj -- AaYd GWNOdW
GWYN GWYN

MOOT GWOdv/OlUTbed/eoTASp ‘oTpne qgud GNodw/olutbeg/aotaap ‘otpne

B- 10

Teuueyo roy Asx yo eu JOU sasop
(Kayoottw eot) Asy uoTReooTTe — NOITLWOOTIVON YagsOIaw

AIoI1Se ou — 0
:Iequnu TOTS —- TOILY OT

(¢ nzu2 0 STeuUReYo OF puodserI0OD ¢ nIYyy CO S34Tq)
aouapadseid yes AT[NJsseoons zey} sTeuueyo jo deul yITq - 3tugQ OT

SLNdLNO

pUPUMIOD ALWOOTTW GWodw TO uotTjounz asoTaequedo (Aq jes
YOOT O/I wory petdoo 10) Aq yas aq ysnu ‘Ady UoTReDOTTe —ASYoOTTW eOoT
qysonber O/I Atder (uvg1D) — MOInNO dOI
:pesn jou JT perzeeTo eq ysnu ‘sbeTy — sbe[Tq OT
OdUdLES AGWOdW tO} Tequmu pueumoo pueUOD OT
(¢ niuQ 0 SsTeuUeYyd OF puodsarI0OD

€ NIU QO S3Iq) soUepederd Jos OF STeUUeYO Jo dew 4Tq — 4tun OT
uoT}oUN} sotasequedo (Aq yas YooTq O/I
wory petdoo 10) Aq yes aq ysnu ‘apou soTASep O} AajUTOd - aoTAed OT

IeaToO Sst (YOINO JOI) bety yotnb ayy fT
ysonbert O/I Ssaatacoer ey WIOd abhessoul 032 IayuTOd ~y1ogATdey wi
(LZT Nay BZT—-) eoUSpedezd uOoT}eDOTTe Mou — Tid UT

SLAdNI

‘apoo ydnizequt ut OsudLES AWOdW esn jou Od
‘reatTo st (worInd JOIL) HelTy yotnb ayy st ATuo (310gA[day uu) sattdez pue
snouozryoudS ST O9udLES GWOdW ~‘(NOILWYOOTIVON YYysOIGW) 1OrIe ue sumM}er
OFUdLAS GWOdW ‘/eSTMIeyjO ‘/TeuuRYyo ayy IOJ bHutzTeaM (ALWOOTTW CWNodw)
Sjsenber uoT}eoOTTe aouepeceid—1rayhbty ere eTey} JT syooyo pue (iq UT)
ONTRA MoU e OR BOUSPsdeId UOT }eDOTTe |e SOS OAUdLES AWodw ‘}0e1I100
st (XeyooTTw eot) Aaey uoTtjeooTTe ayy Jt ‘(4TUN OT) TeuUeYyo pejoeTES
yore IOq ‘STauueyo oTpne aTdtyzTnw ToJ pueumioo e ST OAUdLAS GWOdW

NOIDONN

S[euueYyo OTpne TOJ aouapacard uoT}eOOTTe ayy eS —-— OsUdLAS ANodw

Teuueyo AOJ Ady yo eu jou ssop
(AoyooTTW eot) A@ey UOT}PeOOTTe — NOILWOOTIVON YusOIAY

SENAdLNO

IoIIs ou — @)
>Jequmu AToOIIS — IOIIG OT

(€ nzyi QO STeuUeYo OF pucdseTIOD ¢€ NAY CQ $FTq) sumToA
pue potied pepeot AT[InJsseoons ey sToeuueyo jo deul ytq ~— 3tuQ OT
(zeauTT ‘~9 NIYA Q) SUMTOA MoU — OSUMTOA eOT

(uLIoJaAeM UO HhutTpusedep

00S 03 00€ MOTeq SY¥IOM Tsez[T} HbutsetTe-Tjue ‘9EGCc9
niyi /ZT) SqueueroOUT su G9f°6/Z UT potted oTdures meu — poTied eoT

pueuloo ALWOOTTIWY GWOdW 1O uoTjZouNny eotaequedo (Aq jes
YOOTA O/I worj petdoo 10) Aq yes oq ysnu ‘Ady UOT}eDOTTe —~KdYyoOTTY eot

aToXo
quarimmos jo pus 3uy .e YystuTy (Lys)

ATayetpout ystuTy (YWaTO) -HTOADONAS dJOIdY

ysonber O/T ATdexr (aWaTO) - WOINO AOI
:pesn OU JT pereaeTo aq ysnu ’sbeT} — sbe[Tq OT
TOAUAd GNOdW Io} Jaqumu pueuwco — pueumlod OT

(¢ niu 0 STeuUeYo OF pUOodsazITOD ¢€ NIYA

0 S31Tq) eumToa pue potied peoT oF sTeuueYyd jo deul 4Tq — 3tun OT
uoT}oOUNJ eotTAequedo (Aq Joes YoTq O/I
woiy petdoo 10) Aq yes oq yYsnu /apou soTAap OF AaqUTOd - ao0Taseqd OT

IeatToO St (MOINO JOI) Hertz yotnb ayy jt
qysonber O/I saatTecer ey} WIod aehessou 03 TequTod —710gATdey UU

SLAdNI

‘“ZaybtTy AO Gg TeaeT ydnizTeqZUT 7e spoo

qdnizejUT UT TOANSd GWOdW esn you oq ‘“TeeTO ST (MOINO JOI) beTF yotnb
ay} yt ATuo (j10gh{Tdey uw) setTdez pue snouozryouAS ST TIOAUdd CGWOdW
‘(NOLLWOOTIVON YYaOIdW) ToIze ue surnqez ToAudd aWodw /}OerTOOUT st Adyx
UuOTFeOOTTe Ouy JI “(ATIOADONAS dOIadW) betTy ouAs ayy uo butpuedap ‘atodAo
quariinos ay} Jo pua ou} ye IO Aja jetpoumIT potied pue oumTOA MoU e SpeOoT
TOAUSd GNOdW ‘’sserboid ut (ALIYM GWO) Oo3TIM e ST eTeyA pue 3o9TTOD

st (Xayoot[Tw eot) AeY uoTPeEoOTTe ayW JT ’(4TUA OT) TeuURYO pe JoETES
yorea Jog ‘sTeuueyo OTpne aTdt4[nu A0J pueuwoo e ST TOAUTd ANOdW

NOILONNA

STeuueyo otpne
0} sserboid ut Sa}TIM IOJ sumT{oA pue potrzed oyy ebueyo -— TOAuad AWOodv

11

AWWN GWYN

qd LAS GNOdW/OLUTbeg/eoTAap ‘otTpne TOAUdd GNOdW/OlLUTbeg/eoTaep “otpne

Teuueyo AoJ Asay yo eu’ WOU ssop
(AayooTTW eot) Aey uoTZeOOTTe — NOILWOOTTIVON YysOIaY

ueToO Ss
Teuueyo 10 (O1WTOGY) peTeouRD - GaLYOdY YYaOI
ToiII9a ou - 0
:Iequnu TOIIS — IOIIG OT
Teuueyo psyoeTes
au} UO ssaerboid UT ST 3}TIM & JT pereato beTj YOINO AOL —- sbeTq OT
(¢ nu} 9 STeUuUeYyo OF puodserIOS ¢€ NIYy} CO $4Tq)
atoko AOJ peytem AT[NJssaoons yey} Teuueyo Jo deul yTq - 3tuq OT
SLAdLNO

puewwoo ALVOOTIV GWodw 10 uot joOUN; aotaaequedo (Aq jes
YOOTA O/I wWorjy patdoo 10) Aq yes aq ysnu ‘Ady UOT }ROOTTL _Kayoo[lw eot
payetTduios sey aToAo e pue
Tauueyo pejoetTes ey} uo sserboird ut
ST 03T1M e Jt ATuo ysoenber O/I Atdex (Las)
ysonbaz 0/1 ATder (uwaIo) — WOInd AOI

:pesn jou JT pereeTo eq 4snu ‘sbheTjy - sbeTq OT
Teuueyo 103 AVY yoReur WOU SZOpP FTOROLIWM GND 10} Jequmu pueuico — puPUOD OT
(AayooTTw eot) Aey uotzeooTTe — NOILVOOTIVON YaaOIay ‘pesn sT [auureyo Tequmu 4Tq 4SeMOT ‘eS ST
4toiie ou —- 0 Iq auo ueyy aeTou JI “(¢E nIYyW O STEeUUeYO 03 pucdseTIOS
:Tequnu TOITS — ZOIIG OT € NIM Q $31q) aToAD TOF Tem OF TeuUeYO Jo deul yTq - 3TuQ OT
(¢ ny 0 STeuUueYyo 0} puodserIOD uoT}OUNJ aotaequedo (Aq yes YooTq O/I
€ niu} 0 $31q) pezeatTo AT[NjJsseoons sTeuueyo Jo deul #1q - 3tuQ OT worjy petdoo 10) Aq jas aq ysnu ‘/apou aodTASep 0} Tejutod - BoTASd OT
SLNAdLNO pe yeTdwoo
sey aToko e pue Teuueyo payzoeTes ey} uO sseiboid
pueUMOD ALWOOTIW GWodW Io uoTjzounjy eotaequedo (Aq jes UT ST O}TIM & JT TO /2TeaTO ST (YOINO AOI) HetTy yotnb yy
YOOT O/I wory petdoo zo) Aq yes eq ysnu /Aay uoTRzeDOTTe —-AeyoOTTW Pot JI ‘/ysenber O/I seatTeoer }eyR Mod ebessoul 03 TazuTod —WIogdTdey UUW
ysenber 0/1 ATder (awa91D) - MOINO dol SLAGNI
:pesn jou JT pereeTo eq ysnu ‘/sheyTF - sbeTyq OT
YWITIO GWO OJ Tequmu pueuioo — pueumlloD OT ‘Zaybty IO G TeaeT ydnizezUT 7e Bpoo qdnize ut
(€ nzy} QO STeuUuRYyo OF UT FIOADLIVM GWOdW esn jou og ‘“AeSTO ST (WOIND AOI) Hetty yotnb
puodsaiioo ¢ nIy} 0 S$}Tq) TveToO 03 sTeuueYyo Jo dew 4Tq - 3Tun OT ayy Jt ATuo settdez pue snouoryouds st 3T ‘astmreyzO /(MOINO AOI) betsy
uoT}oOUNJ eotaequedo (Aq yes YooTq O/I yotnb au} sTeaToO RI aseo YyOTUM UT /aqeTduoo 03 aToOAD e IOjZ buTzTeMm
wozrj petdoo 10) Aq yes eq ySnuU /apou adTAEp 03 JoqUTOd - adTaeEd OT ST 41 yt ATuo snouoryoudse st AIOAOLIWM GWOdW ~«(aLWOOTTW aWodw)
TeajTo ST (WYOINO HOI) beTy yotnb ayy FT UaTOIS ST TeuueYyo ay} Io (OIWoqy) peTecuro ST }T Jt (GaLYOGW YUYSOT)
qayje ysonber O/I seatTeoer yey} Pod ebessou 07 Zayutod —310gATdey uu AoIIS ue SsUIN_eT FIOADLIVM GWOdW ~*~ (NOILWOOTIVON UYugsOrdy)
SLAdNI qoiia ue suInyeT FIDADLIWM GWodW /}OeATOOUT ST ABy UOT}eDOTTe
au} JI ‘“ATezetpouwt set{[der AIOAOLIWM GWOdW ‘ssaiboid st o3TIM OU
‘TeaTO Sst (yOINO AOI) Hety yotnb oyz xt ATuo (jrogATdey uw) ST aTau} JI ‘eTokO Quazimmo ayy jo pue oyy [TUN (yogATdey uu) ATdaz
Sot{dei pue snouoryouds st yWSTO CWO ~(NOILWOOTTWON uuaOIdy) jou seop FIOADLIWM GWody ‘Teuueyo peyoetTes uo sserborid ut (ALIYM CWO)
Joiia ue summer yWwHTD GWO ‘estTmTeyjo ‘buTYyOU SeOp YWATD AWO ‘3o0eTIOD OUTIM & ST aTOYyQ pue yoeTIOD st (AByOOTTW eOT) Asay uot}eooTTe ey ji
st (AeyooTtw eot) Aey uoTPeoOTTe sayy JT ‘(qTuQ OT) TeuUueYd pejzoeTes *(4TuQ OT) TeuueYyo OTpne oTbuts e TOF pueumloo e ST FIOAOLIWM GWOdW
yoea Tog ‘sTeuueyo oTpne oTdty[Nu TOF pueumlod pxzepuejs e ST YWATO AWO NOLLONNA
NOILONNA
a}TIM e Jo aToho
ssyoeo [euro Ut Aeme mozry} -~- uvaIO GNO qUuazTImMd) ayy syeTduiocd OF TeuueYyo OTpne ue TOF FTeM —— AIOADLIWM ANOdW
GWYN GWYN

YWATO GNO/OLUTbeg/aoTaap oTpne APTOADLIVM GWOodW/OlLUTbeg/a0TaAap ‘oTpne

B- 12

ssoiboid
ST QUOU FT OLazZ /a}TIM JUSTIN TOF YOoTA O/I OF Tequtod - eed eoTt
Teuueyo rz0y Ady YoReu YOU SsOp
(AayooT{w eot) Aey uoTZeooTTe — NOILWOOTIWVON YYsOIAY

[euueyo Toy Ady Yo Jeu JOU SZOp
(XayooTTwW eot) Aaeyx uoT}PeEoOTTe — NOILVYOOTTVON aesOIdy

IoIIa ou — 0 IoZIIs ou — 0
:Taequmu AOS — IOIIG OT :Joqumnu TOS — IOAIG OT
(¢€ ny} O TeuueYyo Of SpuodseTZ0D (¢ nzy2 Q STeuURYo O03 puodserZOD
¢ niy3 0 31q) peer AT[NjJssaoons Teuueyo jo dew yIq — 3tTuQ OT € naiu4 0 $3tq) peysnty AT[nN}Jsseoons sTeuueyo Fo dew 41q — ytun OT

SLAdLNO

pueuwoo ALWOOTIW GWodwW 1O uoT oun; aotasequedo (Aq jes
YOOTA O/I wory patdoos 10) Aq yes oq ysnu ‘Ady uoT}PeooTTe —-AeyooTTW eot
ysonbez 0/1 ATdexr (yweIO) -— WOInNd AOI
:posn jou JT pereeTo aq ysnu ‘/sbeTy -— sbe[Td OT
away GWD 1TOJ Tequmu pueUMWOCd pueuwloDd OT
"peat [Teuueyo AJequmu 3Tq

SLNAdLNO

pueuiod ALWOOTTIW GWodw 1O uotjouny aotaequedo (Aq jes 7
YOOTA O/I wory petdoo ro) Aq yes eq 4snu ‘Kay uotzeosoTTe —AeyooTTW eot
qasenber 0/1 ATdez (awaId) -— WOINO AOI
:pesn jou JT pereeTo eq ysnu ‘sheT} — SbeTA OT
HSnTa GWO ZOJ Xequmu pueumlod - pueuwoD OT
(e€ nzy3 Oo sTeuueYyo OF

ysamoT ‘eS ST 3Tq aUuO UeYZ eTOW JI “(E NIU OQ TeuURYOo puodsaiio0os ¢ niuy Oo S3tq) ysntTF OF SsTeuUueYo Fo deul Tq — 4tug OT
0} spuodsaz10. ¢ NnIy C0 3Tq) peer O32 TeuUeYyo Jo deul 4Tq — }tuQ OT uoT}yoOuUNJ sotaequedo (Aq yes YOoTW O/I

uoT}OUNJ eoTasquedog (Aq yes YOoTA O/I1 woljy petdoo 10) Aq jes eq YsnU ‘epou BdOTASP OF qeqyutod — dad Tae OT
worj patdoo ro) Aq yes aq 4Ysnu /apou adTAep O} AayjUTOd - SOTASd OT reato st (yOINO AOI) Hbety yotnb ey} FT

Aeeto Sst (MOINO JOI) HelJ yotnb sey A jt

Tajje ysenber O/I seateoar jey yzod abessau oF Jayutod ~yrogATdey uw
S.LAdNI

‘IeaTO st (YOINO AOI) 31Tq Yyotnb osyW Jt ATuo

(qx0gA[dey uu) satTTdez pue snouozyoudS st qway GWO ‘O1ez suInjer
quay dWo ‘ssezbord ut 23T1mM ou ST eTey} JI *(NOILWOOTTIVON uuaoIdw)
rIoizae ue suinjer quay GWO ’astTazeyjzo /TauueYd pazoeTes 9uz

uo (GLIUM GND) 6butytim ATjueTIMS yooTq O/I ey} 03 (e zed OT) AajUTOd
e suinjel quay GWO /}o0erTTOD st (AeyooT TW eot) Aeyx uoT}eooTTe eyW JI
-(4TIug OT) TeuUeYo OTpne aTbhuTs e ITO} pueuwioo prepuejs e ST away dawo
NOLL

qutod Atjue O/I Teumou —- qvay dWo

INN

jsanber O/I SaeaTeoez 7ey WIOd abessoeul oF Zequtod —y10gATdey uu

SLAdNI

‘qaybty Io ¢g TeaeT ydnazrejzUT 3e Spoo qdnazajut ut HSNTd GWO esn

30u og =‘AeeTO ST (MOINO AOL) Sets yotnb ayy yt ATuo (yroddTdew uu)
sottder pue snouozyouds st HSATA GWO ~*(NOILWOOTTIVON Yuaoldy)

zoriie ue summjer HSNTd GWO /estmrmeujO / (ATIOAOLIWM GWodw)

aToko ay} Jo pue 3y} UTM eztuoryoUAS 0} HutytTem sysenber O/I Aue pue
ponenb 10 sseiboid ut (aLIYM GWO) sejTim [Te szToge HSON14a AGWO ‘3}0eI1L09
st (AsyoottTy eot) Asx uoTZRoOOTTe Sy; FT ‘(4Tun OT) TeuuReYyo pezoeTes
yorsa oq ‘“sTeuueyo OTpne aTdTyTNu TOF pueumloo prepuezs e ST HSN'ld CAWO

NOILONNA

O/I butpued TTe Teoueo —~ HSNTA AWNO

13

GWAWN AWN

dvau dWo/olutbeg/aoTaep ‘otTpne HSNTa GWO/OlUTbeg/aoTaep oTpm

Teuueyo Toy ASY yo eu’ JOU SVOp _
(KayooTTw eot) Asx uoTtyeooTTe — NOILWOOTTVON wudoOldy

Teuueyo i0oj Asx YoeU JOU ssop Ioiia ou — 0
(KayooTtw eot) Asx UCT}eOOTTe — NOILWOOTIVON YusOlaw -Tequnu ACIS — IOILF OT
IoII9e ou — 0 (¢ nau 0 STeuUReYyo 0} puodserI0D
:Zequmu TOTS — IoIIq OT € niu 0 $3Tq) yeser AT[N}Jsseoons OF sTeuueYyo JO dew 4Tq — 4tun OT
(¢ nzy3 QO STeuUeYo O03 pucdseTI0OD SLNdLNO
€ niu 0 S31tq) peyrejs AT[NJssadons sTeuueyo jo deul yTq - qtun OT
SL~NAdLNO puewos FLYOOTTW GWodw 1o uoT}ounj eoTaequedo (Aq jes

YOOTd O/I wory petdoo zo) Aq yes oq ysnu /Aay uoTZeOOTTe —ASYOOTIW POT
ysonber 0/1 Atdexr (awaTO) - WOINO AOI

:pesn jou JT pereatTo eq ysnui ‘/sbeTy — sbeTd OT

LASaY GND Io} Tequmu pueuIOD — PpUPUMIOD OT
(¢ nzyy QO SsTeuUReYyo OF

pueulloo ALWOOTTIW GWOdW 1O uotjounj aotasquedo (Aq jes
YOOTG O/I wory petdoo 10) Aq yes oq ysnu /AdyY UOT}eOOCTTe —KayooT[W Pot
qsoenber O/1I ATdert (uwaIo) -— MOINO dol

:pesn OU JT perzeaTo oq Asnu /sbeTy — sbe[Td OT
LYWLS GWO ZOJ ZTequmu pueumioo — pueUMoD OT puodsez109 ¢ NI} 0 S}1q) JeseT 0} STeuURYO FO deul 3Tq - ytun OT
(¢ ny} Q sTeuueYo OF uoTjOUNJ sotaequedo (Aq yes YOoOTA O/I
puodseri09 ¢ nay Oo S3tq) Wes OF STeUUPYO JO dew 31q — 3tun OT woij petdoo 10) Aq yes eq ysnu ‘Qpou SoTAZpP OF Ta yutod — aoTAsd OT
uoT}oOUNJ sotasquedo (Aq Jes YooTq O/I zeato st (WOIND JOI) bety yotnb eyy JT
woij petdoo 10) Aq yes eq Ysnul ‘apou soTAep OF TeqjUTOd — sdTAad OT qsenber O/I SeATeoer eu 4Od ebessoul OF Tayzutod -z10gATdey uu
SLNAdNI

Ie2TO ST (WOINO AOI) HbeTJ yotnb ayy Jt
Tayje ysonber O/I saateoer Zey} Wod ebessou 0} Za zutod —z10gATdey uu

SLNdNI ‘Zoyubty IO G TeaeT 4dn1rTE8AUT

ye apoo 4ydnize4UT UT LaSaY GWO esn jou oq “AeeTO ST (MOINO AOI) berly
yotnb ayy jt ATuoO (q20gh{Tdey uu) sat{tdez pue snouoryoudSs st LASaY CWO

‘Toybty IO G TeaeT 4dnizzrejUT 7e sapoo qdnizejut UT LYWLS GWO esn jou og
-(NOLLWDOTIWON UNFOIGW) ToIZe ue suinjet LESAN AWO ‘esTMreYyyO

-reaToO ST (YOINO AOL) HetTy yotnb ouyz yt ATuo (rodATdey uu) sottderz

pue snouozyouds st LYWLS CWO “pexTw ere sqyndjno atey pue uwrojasem oures
au} butAetd ore sTeuueyo 9yy JT UOTPIORSTp ozTUTUTU OF A[snooue} [nurs
sTouueyo eTdtTzTNu sq7ejs LYWLS CWO ~*(NOILWOOTTIWON uugordy)

zoize ue summjel LYWLS GND /}oeTTOOUT st Aayx UOT eDOTTe

aya JI ‘“Teuueyo oy} 09 (ALIUM GWO) SeqzTIm [Te spies ATO ReTpoUMIT

LYWLS dWo ‘’(dOLS GWO) peddoys ATsnotaeid sem TeuueYyo sy} pue joaeTIOD

st (XeyooT{Tw eot) AsY uoT}JeooTTe ayy JT ‘(4TUN OT) TeuUeYoO pszoeETesS

‘(dOLS GND) peddoys st 4t JT Teuueyo sy sdojsun

pue ‘(HSQNT4a GNO) O/1 Bbutpued [Te sTeouro

‘ZJoVOeA YdNni3ezZUT OTpNe su Ses

‘s}Tq yor}ze pue siJaystTber oTpne ereMprey oy} SiesTo
*LHSaY GWO ’3OeTTOD
st (AayooT{Ty eot) Aex uoT}PeEooTTe Syy FT ‘(43TuQ OT) TeuUReYo poe zosTesS
‘sTeuueyo oTpne aTdty[Nnu TOF pueumloo prepueyjs ke ST Lasay GWO

yore Tog ‘“sToeuueyo OTpne aeTdTz[Tnu TOF pueuwloo prepurjS e ST LUWLS AWoO yore 107
NOILONNA NOIDLONNA
(O_ eXxTT) Hutsseooid aotaap yes --— LYWLS CWO a3e4S UuMOUY & OF DOTASP 3TO}SSLT —— LaSaYy dWo
GWYN

GWYN

LYWLS GNO/OLUTbed/e0TAap ‘oTpne LaSSY GWO/oluUTbeg/a0TAap * otTpne

14

Teuueyo Toy ASY YoReul ZOU SsOp o
(Aayoottw eot) Aey uoTReEOOTTe —- NOILWOOTTIVON YusOIAY

Ioiie ou — 0
:ZJaqunu TOTS — IOILG OT
Teuueyo Toy Asy yo eu Jou ssop (¢ ny} Q sTeuUuPYyo O03 puodseir10D
(AaYOOTTY eot) Aaey uoT}edOTTe — NOLLWOOTIVON YNSOIGW ¢ niu3 0 $31tq) peddoys AT[NjJssaoons sToeuueyo Fo dew 41q — 3TuQ OT
ioiie ou — 0 SLAdLNO
:Iaqunu TOTS -— IoIAW OT
(¢ nzIyi QO STeUuUeYyo Of pucdssr1OD pueumioo FLWOOTIW GWodwW 10 uoT JOUNy aotasequedo (Aq jas
€¢ niu} QO $3Tq) peyepdn ATT[NjJssaeoons sToeuueyo Jo deul 4Tq — 3tTuQ OT YOOTG O/I wor1y petdoo 10) Aq jes aq }snu ‘Kay uotzeoo,Te —AeyooT[TW eot
SLAdLNO qysonber 0/1 ATder (avgaTD) - WOInd AOI
:pesn OU JT pereaTo aq ysnui ‘sbeTjZ - SbheTq OT
pueumiod ALWOOTIWY GWodv IO uotjzounJ sotaequedo (Aq yes dOLS GWO ZIOJ ZJequmu pueuMiod — pueuMloD OT
YOOTC O/I wory petdoo zo) Aq yes aq ysnu ‘/Aay uoTReEDOTTe —ABeyooT[W eOT (€ niu} QO sTeuueYyo
ysonbet O/I Atdexr (uWwaID) -— WOINO AOI 03 puodserz0o ¢ niu} O S}#Tq) doys 03 sTouueyo Jo deul Tq - 3tun OT
:pesn jou JI pereeto aq ysnu ‘/sheTy — s6eTd OT uotzoUNZ aeotaaquedg (Aq yes YooTW O/I

worly petdoo 210) Aq yes aq Ysnu ‘epou sodTASpP OF Jajutod - BoTAsd OT
rreayTo Sst (MOINS JOI) Hety yotnb eyy jt _
Taqje ysenbez O/I seATeoer 3eYA 310d abessou 0} Tajutod —jz10gATdey uw

ALWddN GWO 1IOJ Tequmu pueuwlioo — pueuMlod OT
(€ ny QO STeUUeYD OF
puodsezi0os ¢ ny QO S3Tq) azepdn oF SToeUUPYo Jo deul 4Iq - 3tun OT

uotTjoun}y asotaoquedo (Aq jes YOOTC O/I SLAdNI
woly patdoos zo) Aq yes eq 4ysnu ‘apou eodTAep OF TeqUTOd — adTaad OT
Testo st (YOINO JOI) bel} yotnb ayA jr ‘TeybtTy
daqje ysonber O/I saaTacoer yey Wod ebessou 0} AeqUTOd —7I0gATdey Uw IO G JTeaeT AdnizezUT ze Spoo qdnizezUut UT dOLS GWO asn jou og ‘“AeSTO
SLNANI St (YOINO AOI) SetTy yotnb ey Ft ATuo (y10Gk{dey uw) seT{dez pue

snouoryouds ST dOLS GWO “TeuueYyo ey Sj}eSet LaSaY GWO 1O TeuuReYyo oyy

sqreis LYWLS GND [TTjuN [TeuueYyo peddojs e 03 so3TIM dn sanenb gLIYM dWO

‘(NOITLWOOTTIWON YUYFOIGW) TOITS ue suimMyjer dOLS GWO ‘’estmzeyj0o /sseibo1id

UT (4LIYM GWO) Se3TIM Aue sdoqs ATe,etpeuit dOLS CWO /’30e7TOD

st (KeyooT{Tw eot) Aex uoT}PeooTTe sayz FT ‘(qTuQ OT) TeuueYyo pajoeTes

‘sTouueyo oTpne aTdtT}z[Nu TOF pueumoo prepuejs e ST dOLS AWO
NOT LONNA

“TROTO ST (YOINO JOI) HeTJ yotnb ayyz yt ATuo (zr0gATdey uu) sat{dez

pue snouoryouds st aLYddN GWO ~(NOILWOOTIVON uugoIdw) to1ze

ue sumnjel glvddn GND ‘estateyjo ‘/buTyjou seop ALWddN GWO ‘3OeTIOCD ST

(AsyooTTw eot) Aey uoTReoOCTTe ay JT ’(4TUN OT) TeUuUeYyo pajoaTes yore

Iog ‘SToeuUueYyo OTpne aTdty[nu TOF pueumoo prepueys e ST ALWddN CWO yoes 10d
NOIDLONNA

(S_ eXTT) butsseooid sotaep dojs —- dOLS GNO

qno siejing ARZITp eorOJ —- ALYddnN GWO
GWWN

AWWN

ALWddN AWO/OlUTbeg/eoTAep otpne dOLS CANO/OlUtTbeg/a0TAap ‘oTpne

15

Teuueyo roy Asay yoReu You saop

(AayooTtw eot) Asx uoT}eoOT Te — NOILWOOTIVON UYYaOIAY

uaeTO Ss

Teuueyo AO (O1RAOqY) peTeoueRed — GaLYOdW YYAOL
IoIAS ou - 0

:Jequmu AOTAS — IOIIG OT

IOIIS OU ST STdYR JT peres[O HelTJ WOINo AOI — sbeTq OT
(¢€ nzryA QO TeuuReYyo OF spuodsar10.D

€ niyo 31q) uaqATAM AT[NJssoeoons Teuueyo jo dew 4Tq —- tug OT

SLAdLNO

AOVSSHWALIUM AOICY
Aq peTqeue Jt ‘’e3TIM Jo RZIeWS We peTtT[der obessou —HsWoeqyTIM eot
(azTuTyutT
ToT Qo ‘SESS9 NAYA QO) AeTTe ZeadeT 0} SOUT JO Aequmu — SaTOAD eOT
NOAUAd JAOTaGY AQ peTqeue Jt /(reaUTT “79 NAY OQ) SUMTOA — osUMTOA eOT
TOAUad AOIaW Aq paetTqeua JT /(wItoyeaem
uo bHbutpuedep 00S OF OOE MOTE SyIOM TeR[TJ HutsetTe—-Tyue
‘96669 NITY? LZT) SJUSUIETOUT SU G9E°6LZ UT POTied eTdures - poTiaed eoT
(ZequMNU UeAS aq
4snu ‘Z/OTET nay zZ) seqdq ut Aezzre saem dy JO YQHUeT — YRYbHueT eot
(peubt{[e-p10M pue WWY eTqesseippe dtyo wo ysnd ut
(LZT nazyuy gzt—-) seqAq poubts) AexrTe wrojyaaem Oj} Jaqutod — eyed eot
pueuiod FLYVOOTIW GWOdW IO uot OUNJ soTasequedo (Aq Aes
YOOTC O/I worjZ petdoo zo) Aq jes aq jsnu ‘Ady uOTJeDOTTe —AdYOOT[W eOT
qzrejs a4TImM ye ohessou ATdaer (Las) ~ FOWSSSWALIUM AJOIGW
potied pue oumToa peoT (Las) - TOAUdd JOIdW
:pesn jou JT pereayTo oq ysnu ‘sheTF — sbeTq OT
ALIYM GND TOJ Tequmu pueuwuwod — pueuMod OT
"Ud}3TIM ST TouUeYyo Tequmu 4Tq
4YSOMOT ‘ES ST Tq DUO UeUA eTOU JI “(€ NAY C TEeUUeYo

03 spuodsez109 ¢ NAY CO 31q) Oe4TIM OF TEeUUeYO Jo deul ATq — 3tun OT
uoT}OUNJ asotaaquedo (Aq Aes YOOT O/I
wolj petdoo 10) Aq jes aq jsnu ’apou soTAap OF AaquTOd — adTAed OT

SazeTduioo 3a4T1IM 3Uy
Jeqzje ysenber O/I seateoer 7eyR WI0d ahessoul 097 AaQuTod —jA0gA{Tdey uN
SLNAdNI

‘ZaybtTy IO ¢ TeaeT 4dnzzsaqjut ye epoo ydnzzoejzutT UT ALIYM AWO

asn jou Og ‘“TeeTO ST (YOINO JOI) Hety yotnb ayA Jt ATuo sat{tdazr pue

snouoryouds st TI ‘/astmzeyjo /but}z4TIM soysTuTyZ AT Taqje (qa0gATdey uw)

qsoenber O/I ey set{tdez pue (YOINO AOI) beT} yotnb ayy sirzeato

31 eased YyOTYM UT ‘’TOITe OU ST aTEYy JT ATuO snouoryouAse st ALIYM GWO

*(GIWOOTIV GNOdW) ueTo}IS ST Teuueyo oy AO (OIWOGY) peTseouRDS ST 4T

Jt (GHLYOdW YYHOI) ToIZe ue suinjet ALIUM CWO ~(HSWeqTIm eoT) obessou

@3TIM 34} set{del aLIUM CWO ‘Jes ST BbeT} AOWSSAWALIUM AOIGW eu

Jt pue ’(potieq eot) potized pue (eumToA eoTt) sumToA speoT ALIYM CWO

‘jas St beT} IOAUNd JOIGW Ou JT /sqreqs ATTeN}Oe |24TIM |YyQ USUM

*(dOLS GWO) peddojs st [Touueyo oy} Jt AO ssorzbord UT 34TIM Toeyjoue

ST o1eu} JT sqsenberz dn sonenb gqLIYM GNO ~‘(NOILWOOTIVON dadsOraw)

Ioize ue sum }zer At ‘/astTMi{ayjoO /Teuueyo paRoeTes oyj butsn punos

e skejtd @LIUM AWO ’}0eTI00 st (ABdyOOTTW eoT) Aay UOTJeEDOTTe 9YW JI

-(4Tuq OT) Teuueyo otpne aTbuts e Toy pueumiod prepuejs e ST ALIYM CWO
NOTBLONNA

‘pepeoT aq jou Aew (yuybueT eot) yQbueT pue (ejeqd eOT) yutod Azjuse O/I Tewrou —— ALIYM GWO
ZJajuTod ejep Meu ay} IO He{jJ IOAUAd JOIGW ey} es ysnu nod /dzTIM AWWN
snotaeid e butddoqs zeqye ATa\eTpoumIT 93TIM 9yR SszTeIS ALIUM GWO JI
sond ALIYM GWO/OlUTSag/eoTAap ‘ otpne

16

*pouzojied ATTenjoe st ebundxg oy} ’asn ut AehuoT ou To ‘asn uT OU

ST S0TAep oy} UeYyM ‘petTTejep oq 03 ebundxg ayy ssned TTTM ’o1ezZ—-uUOU
buteq zUuNoD uaedo aotaap ayy Aq peUuTUTajep se ‘sdTASp sy, JO sresn
Teyjo Aue Jo aouaysTxe syL ‘“‘peasoons [TT suedo meu OU OS ‘/4STT s0TAep
eu} WOIJ peaocuReI useq ApeaertTe sey soOTASep oy ‘peTTeoO ST TI oUTz oy

Aq ‘[Teo aoTasquey e SeNssT Jesn e USsYyM peTTeoO sT oeuTANnoI ebundxg aul

NOIDLONN

SOTASp OTpNY ey} SAOUST OF SAITSOp e o}eOTpPUT — ADNNdxXd

abundxg/aotaap ‘otpne

O1aeZ O} Jos — 4tuq OT

T- 03 jes — DOTASq OT
(OTpnYOI 3ONT4S) YyooTq ysenber oTpne 0} Ae\quTod —- ysenbeyotT
SLNdLNO
SToeuureyo serj 03 pesn /Aay uoTRedDOTTe —AdYyooTTW eOT
(€ ny O STeUUeYS O03 puOodserTOS ¢ NIA
0 S31q) (Saud GWodw) serTjJ 03 STeuUReYyo jo deui 4Tq —- 3tTuQ OT
(aotaequedo) uedo (Aq yes YooTq O/I wory petdoo
Io) Aq yes oq ASsnu ‘aepou soTAap Of AaqQuTOd — QoTAed OT
(OTpnyOI 3OnI3S) YyOoTq Aysenber oTpne of AaqUTOd — qsanbeyot
SLAdNI
*pebundxa

ST a0TAep eyQ ‘/butpued st (ebundxq) oebundxe ue pue oO1ez OF STTeF AT

Jt pue /3unod Usedo aU SqUeUeADep soTASgeSOTD “weyuy (agud GWodw) seerz
aoTAedesoto /(AeyooTTw eot) Aaeyx uoTReoOTTe Swes SY YFTM pezeooTTe
STeuueyo Aue ere ereyy JI ~*(a0tTaeg OT) AequTOd sdTAap syy sieato

pue (OTpnyol) YOoTq ysenber otpne O/I ue saye} ZI ‘pesn aq Tebuot

OU T[TM 3T 3eY} SOTASP OTpNe 9YyQ SeTJTIOU SUTANOI BSdOTASGeSOCTD SUL

NOI LOND
TW
/ (qsenbeayoT ) a0 TASadasoTD
SISdONAS

SOTASep OTpne ey} 0} SSseodode azeUTWMIAR -— SdTASeSOTO
AWWN

BOTASGSSOTD/S20 TAaep ‘oTpne

17

ALIYM/20 TAep

ALWVGdN/20TAap *
LASAY/20TASP *
CWaY/20TASPp °
LSOd/20 TAS *

ao TAaquadO/a0TAap *
FONNdX/20 TASp *
GIALIYMdI'TO/e0TAap °
CIGWAUdITO/e20TAap °

BOTASQeSOTD/a0 TAep

Ol UTbag/a0TAap*

‘preoqdtTo
preoqdt To
pieoqdt To
pieoqdTTo
preoqdtT To
pzeoqdt To
preogdt To
p1reoqdt To
preoqgdt To
*preoqdtto
pzeoqdt To

sjua\U0D

zoriq ot jo Adoo — ro1l1a
speeo0ons aotaaquado Jt /Aaey uotzeooTTe enbtun —Asyoo [Tw eot
uedo ou ‘/paTTey uoT}eOOTTe — GATIVAOOTIV YuaOIdY

peTtey uedo — TIWANSdO YAOI
JOII9 ou — 0
:Jaqunu TOTS — IOIIG OT

Q aSTmMTayjO ‘UOT eOOTTe
Jt (¢€ nzyA CO STeuUeYo OF pucdsseTIOS ¢€ NIA OC

S}Iq) STeuueyo pezeooTTe AT[njJssaeoons jo dew Iq — ytun OT
[- eSTMTeyjO
‘speecoons adtaequado JT apou aotaap oj AequTOd — edTAed OT
(OTPpNYOI 30ONn73s) YyOoTC ysenber oTpne of Zajutod — ysonbeyot
S.LNdLNO
posn jou — sbeTj

UOTIROOTTe OU TOF oEz ‘(9T NIYQ QO)
Kerze uotjdo uotjzeutTquoo Teuueyo ayy jo yybuetT — YyQbuey eoTt
(yqbueT
Olez—uoU) UCTIeDOTTe ATOZ Aressaoou ATuo /(E nazyA
0 S[TeuueYyo 03 puodserrI0OD ¢ nay} Co satq ‘AerIe
ajAq) suot3do uotzeuTquios TeuueYyoS Oj TequUTOd — ejzeqd Pot
(y3bueT orez—uou) uoTReoOTTe AOy ATessaeooUu
A[uo ‘uotzeooTTe Toy yIOd abessou 0} 1aequtod —z1o0dATdey uu
(yujbueT orez—uou) uotT}esoTTe r0J ATeSssedeU
Ajuo ‘(/ZT nu} gz[—) aeouspecerzd uot}eooTTe —- Tid UT
(OTpnYOI }ONTAS) YOoTq ysenber otpne 0} TequTod - 3senbayot
pesn jou —Tequnn>zrun
SLAdGNI

‘Iq TeubTs peqzeooTTe ue yQtm (zrogdTdey uw) rod ATdar

pezttetztut ATizedoid e serztnber ostTe aotaaquedo ‘sTeuuryo 9s zedOTTe

OL ‘STTe} 4T JT a0TAep oOTpne ayQ (aoTaaeqeso[TD) saso[o puke pesoons

0} UOT}VOOTTe OJ 3TeM YOU Seop aeoTAequedo =~ (GHTIVIOOTTW YYFOIAW)

qoiia ue summer aotaaquedo ‘astmzeyjo /(4TuUN BOT) pTEeTF 3tTun sayy

OUT pepeoT ST uOoTReUTqUIOO ToeUUReYO pa}eoOoTTe ey ‘Spesdons UOT ROOCTTe

aut JI *(ezeqd Rot) suotjdo uoT}eUuTquoo TeuUuRYyo jo Aerize e WWI]

STeuuryo oTpne (ALWOOTTIWV GWOdW) a3eOOTTR OF SaeTry aotasquedo /orez—uOU

ST (ujbueT vot) yybueT ey3 JI ~*(ebundxqg) pebundxe buteq worj soTAap

au} butdaey jyunoD uedo ay} sjzUeUWeTOUT soTaequedo §*(TIVANAdO wugO!)

roiza ue summjer AT ‘astmreyjo /(AsyooT TW eotT) Aeyx UOTPROOTTe

au. pue (a0TAeqd OT) ZaquTod soTAap ay} SpeoT 4T “a0TAap OTpne otf

uedo A[[nJssaoons ued AT JT pue /(ysenbseyot) YyooTq 4sonber otpne O/I

ue soye} JI ‘aoTAap OTpne ayy 0} SSedoDe sqUeIb eUTINOT adTASqUedO eUL
NOIDLONNd

‘(sbeTjJ ‘yzsenbeyot /‘rTequnnztun / ,QOTASp ‘OTpne,, PoTAaequedoO = IOI
SISdONAS

aoTAep OTpne oyj uedo — aoTaequedo
AWWN

aoTAaquedo/a0TAap ‘ oTpne

18

"pasn oq ZTebuoT ou T[[ts ysenbeyot
aU} 3eY} V<oOTASpP pXeOqdTTO ey} SeTFTJOU SUTANOT STUL
NOTLONNA

(3senbeyoT )a0TASeqesoTD
SISdONAS

aoTasp preogdT{[oO ey} OF SSaDoe |ReUTUIE} — sdTAEdeSOCTO
AWWN

BSOTO/ae0TAap' preoqdtTo

-()oIod pue ()OIpues suotjouny AreIqTT

oexq ou} PTA IO ATRO@ITp peTTeo oq ued FI “Spueunlloo soTASp

SLTIIUT OF pesn UOTJOUNJ soTAEep SsTOYAIOM eyy ST Ol UTbeg
NOIDLONNA

(3senbexYot ) o10d
(3zsenbeyot ) oI pues
SISdONAS

OI aoTAep preoqdtTo o}zeTRzTUT — ol[uUTbeg
AWN

O[UTbag/aoTaap * preoqdT To

19

yes ST 99TIM QUaTIMS ayy JO CIdTTID euy aIdt{D OT
GIGLIYMdITD CWO pueuog OT
aotaequedo Aq jeseid qtun OT
eotTAaequedo Aq yesard aoTAed OT
dn yes yogATdey uu abessayW OT
LSGNOAY OI
“petystTzes oq

Iaaou pseu pue azeTosqo st ysod ayy /TaTJTQUepT 3sod ayy

uey} ra}eerb JT :pueumioo ysod e Jo ey} YIM perteduioo oq ued

2eUu AaTjTzUepT dTTO e yyTM GIdTTIO OT eUuy STTTJ GISLIYMdITO
NOTLLONNA

ASTI TIUSPT 3FTIM BUETANS sy sUTUIAZEp — CIGLIYMdITO
GWYN

CIALIMMdITIO/a0TAap ‘ preoqdT To

B - 20

yas ST O3TIM QUaTIND 3syW JO aIdt{D ey4 GIdt{D OT
CIqwaudITO GWO pueuloD OT
aotaaequedo Aq jyeseird 3tTuq OT
aotaequedo Aq yeseid BoTAeqd OT
dn jas yz0gA{Tdey uu abessay OT
LSaNOdY OI

‘Hutyzsed umo S}T TOF pTTea OU ST uoTjeoT Tdde

ue Aq ATazeataid ptTey ezep ysod oyR ‘TETJTzUSepT 3sod au

ueyu} Tezeetbh JT <:pueumiod ysod e Jo 7eYU} YFTA poreduod oq ued

qeuj TeTjTIUepT dIToO e YyIM CIGTTO OF ey} STITF AIGWaYdITO
NOLDLONNA

ASTJTUSpT peat yUeTIMS sy suTuejep — AIdwdddI'lO
dAWN

CIdWaudI'IO/a0TAap " preoqdt To

‘pT[TeA Jou st ysenbeyot eyj pue y4[nsez
oi9az-—uoU e suIN}eT ‘/[N]Jssaodonsun sem uedo syy jI
SLINSHY

"popssu TsbuocT OU ST adTAap sy} OF SSad0e USYM [TRO
()aoTasdesotTD e Aq payojeul oq 4snul [Teo ()aoTAaquedO [NJsseoons VY

“(*°* / a0Taep’ preoqdTT—d,, )eoTaequedo }xeu |eYyz TT}UN ‘-9°T) pepecou 3xou

"3TUuQ OT pue adTAad OT [Ttjun Aztouwu worTjJ peaou!r ST soTASp pieoqdtto eyL “s3tun uado

7UT PETTITTE oq TITM Fey? YOoTC ysoenbeyot ey} UT spTeTy ou Sey sdTAep preoddTTo ey} pue ‘/soTAep pxreoqdTToO ay} Aq pesn

OM} OTe STBYUL ‘“SOTASpP eB OF SSad0de SqUPIb SsUTANOT UsdO SUL Azowoul oy speeu ueysAs oyj UsYyM peTTeo ST suTynor ebundxq ou
NOILONNA NOT DLONN

(9 ‘asenbeyot ’31uN /,,a0TAep’ preCgdTT{)d,, )eoTAsquaedoO ¢sueabord uot}zeottdde Aq peTTeo ATTereueb you st ebundxg>
SISdONAS SISdONAS

2dTASp preoqdt{To ey uedo — sdtaequedo aoTAep peoqdT[O ay} SACU OF SITSEep e szeoTpUT — obundxq
AWN AWN

30 TAaquedo/ao Taap * preoqdt To AONNdXg/a0 TASp " preogdT To

B- 21

Speorl juenbesqns Aojy 1934Te

jou Op :peer sty} oF poubtsse q]I dt[o ayy GIdt{o oT
yybue]T OT =; TenyJow OT JT Jog puockeq
ST YoTYyM /UOT}ISOd pear 4x9U OF pe jepdn ZESJFO OT

(ezep Jo saqzAq Tenjoy OT sey MOU AazTjnq ay) eqeq oT

peer saqzAq Jo Aequmu Ten joe ou YATM PeTTT} Tenqow oT
pezrindsso 1OATS ue JT O1ez—uOU IOIIYG OT
SLTNSAY
peel [eT}TUT ay} ST STYR JT OC1EZ dIdtTo of
peer 0} eRep Jo yesjjo a7Aq ZOESJFO OT
e}Zep Teao dtyxs
0} [[Tnu IO ‘T[T}J OF eRzep Jo AaezjJnq 03 AaqQuUTOd eqeqd OT
Iajyjnq ejyep ut 3nd 03 saqQdq Jo ASequmu uqbueT OT
davau dWo pueuluod OT
aotaequedo Aq yeseid 3tuq OT

BoTAed OT
obessopf OT

eotaequedo Aq jeserd
dn jes 410gATdey uu

LSanodd Ol

“pozertytut oq mou Aeul suotjZersdo asoyy Fey Se zeOTpPUT STTJF Jo
pue ouj ysed peer styuL ‘“JJO pTey ore preoqdt{[o ey OF e3ep
MoU 33TIM 03 Sqdueqze Aue ‘dtTo e butpeazr Jo o[pptu ayy UT ST
uoT}eot{dde ue aTtyum zeuR erzeme og ‘“dTToO sty} butpeer ybnoryy
ST uoT}eoTTdde ayy zeU} SOTAepP pIeOqdTToO ay OF TeUbTS

e se sqoe sty} ‘dtTo ayy Jo pue ayy puokeq ST jesjjO OT UeyM

‘ujbueyT ot ebny e butsn Aq

@STTjJ-jo—pus syy oj Hbutddtys AoJ [njJosn st sty, “peer useq pey
soyAq yjbueyT oT JT se Tenqow ot Aq pajUueUeTOUT ST Jesjjo OT
ueyy ‘/T[nNu st ejed OT JI ‘spear quanbesqns AOJ peyono jun 4T
HUTARAT Ue ‘peer 4SITJ aU OJ OTEZ 0} YeSFjJO OT HutzWes Aq
peaetyoe st ditto ey4 jo butuutbeq ayy worjy ssaooe TeTj}Uenbes
[RUION “peor STU} ACJ poubtsse dI ayy YTM peTTT}y oq TIT
yotum ‘GIdT[O OT O1ez e aaey pTNoys ysoenber peer 4sAaTty ous
‘pieoqdt[o ey} WoTy eIep UQIM PETIT} ST eyed OT pue ‘/ysenber
pear [Teulrlou e se sjoe YT /dTToO ayy UTYQIM ST JeSJJO OT USYyM

*sasodind om} saeazes uoTIOUNS peer sul

NOILONNa

pieoqdt{o wortj dt{To peer — avau

AWau/e0TAap* preoqdt To

GWYN

peTystqes ST STY} JT pueuMlcd o4TIM ayy UT

pesn aq 03 /3S0d sty} 03 peubtsse dI dTtTo oyy GIdtTD oT
perindsso0 IoIISN ue JT OezZ—uOoU TOIIG OT
SLINSAY
O19Z GIdt[TD ot
310d obessou AJst}Zes 0} AsQuUTOd eyed OT
LSOd ddd pueuwlod OT
eotasquedo Aq jeserd 3tun OT

aotTaequedg Aq joeseid
dn jes ZIogATday uu

BoTAed OT
abessop OT

LSANOY OI

“{sod ayy AyJstyZes OF pssU OU ST

ereuy ‘/TezeetIh st GIALIUMdIID JI “puewwoo CIaALIYMdITO

ayy Aq pournjer yey} YFTM CIGT[IO OT s,y4sod ay} Yyoayo

plnoys 31 ‘(sztxe 4T eTojeq ‘*H*a) 4T AjsTQes pTnoys 3T JT
SUTULTajep OF SeysTM pue y4sod bhutpued e sey uoT}eoT{Tdde ue J]

‘juazINd
TIT#S Jou st dTtToO syQ ‘TezeeIH st GIdWHYdITIO JI ~*pureuaco
GIGWIUdITO ayy Aq pourINzer zeYR YIM CIdT[D OT s,}zsSod
au} yooayD pTnoys 3T /dTtToO jueTmMod ayy TITAS ST pouwrojyied
sey 31 3sod e JT oUuTUIa}ep OF SaYSsTm uoT}eoTTdde sey FI

*peqdniziz0o

jou sT 370d ey} 3eY} OS 310d abhessoul AjJstjes sy} WOTJ PoAoUleI
aq ATTenjoe Ysnu os pue ‘sedTAep preoqdT{[oO ayy Aq pesn—o1r

aq ueyy Aeul WT :poaAtToeoar useeq sey ebessoul oy} }eY SezeOTpUT
dt[To oy} buTRTIM Jo Qoe syL ~‘“pewrojiszed eq ysnu 4sod oeyy
UJIM pezetToosse o3TIM |y} ‘paeATeder sT ebessou AJstTjes oyy jI

‘perltnber st ejep ayq JI abessoul

AJst}es e pues T[TM soTAep preoqdT{oO ayy YoTYM 03 Wiod abessou
e soptaoid ysod ey, *3T Ssjuem ucTeOTTdde Tey}oue sseTuN
pieogdt{[o ay} OF 3T HUTRTIM pue WIOJ JdI ue OF FT but zreaUOD
ptoae 0} osues sexyeul snyjy 4t pue ‘ATjuenbery HutTbueyo

zo/pue ‘/jeuoJ eRep ajeatid e UT ‘abIeT ST yNdod e USsYyM pesn

aq O} pepuajUuT ST STYUL ‘“paeoqdt{o ay} Jo sxossaooe Aq asn

IOJ aeTqe{TTeae ST ejzep ey SOTASP pXeOQqdTTO sy} OF SzeOTPUI

NOI LONNA

pieogdtTo 03 dtTo ysod - Lsod

LSOd/20TAaep* pre0CgqdT To

SWWN

22

pezmMooo TJOILTS ue JT OA9zZ—uUoOU

@4Tim ey} JO dIdTTO ayy
aLWddn CWO

aotasequedo Aq jeseird
aotaequedo Aq jAoseid

dn yes qyrogATdey uw

ATorIIg OT
SLINSdAY

dIdtTO OT
pueuloD OT
yun OT
aoTAed OT
abessapl OT
LSanoau Ol

*butpued

aie spueuoo 331T1M 3eyQ jo Aue oTTYyM penssT oq jyoUuUeD puUeUROO
STuL ‘(speaz) saqysed Hbutpued Aue oJ pesn oq ued pue ajeTduoo
aie spueumlod 34TIM snotaeid eyQ 7eUuy preOgdTTO 9Yy OF Z}zROTpUI

NOILONNA

pieoqdt{To ay OF 43NDdD e Jo Hbut3ztI7M ay ezeUuTUA - aLVddN

AWWN

qLwddn/sotaep* preoqdT To

atTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT 4S WOINO AOI
Lasay dWo

sotaequedo Aq josead

dn yes yWogATdey uu

B - 23

sbe[q OT
PUPURUIOD OT
a0TASed OT
obessow OT
LSanOdY OI

‘20TASp uado ou OF
SeTpuey butTAor}sep yNoyuATA soTASp preOddTTO ey W syzeseYy

NOTLONNA

pireoqdt{To ayy eset — LasSaY

GAWN

LaSaY/eoTaep * preoqdT To

3} TIM/S0TASp *
*a[TOsuoo
*aTosuoo
*aTOsuoo
*aTosuoo
*aTOsUuOoD

pesy/a0Taap
qraauopAeyaney/a0 TAep
a0 TAaquaedC/ad TAep
IeajToO/aotaep
dewkey.eSdo/ae0TAep

JeTpueyyndulqo/eotaap*
*aTOsUuoOD

dewAeyyswdo/eoTaep

aTOsUuOCO

aTOsuoo

$]ua U0D

SOqTIM YUenbesqns AOJ TazTe

jou Op :ea3TIM STY} 0} poubtsse dI dTToO ey} dIdt{o oT
uOTATSOd 23TIM }x9EU OF pa jzepdn #8SJJO OT
u934TIM seqyAq Jo Tequnu Tenjoe ayy YITM PETTTF Tenqow OT
perandoso IoiZa ue FT OLezZ—uOoU IOIIG OT
SLTNSAY
qysod e Ajstzes 0} ST STU JT 350d oF
JO GIGTTD ‘aTIM TeTITUT OY ST STUUR JT O19Z GIdt{[D OT
OUTIM TeTITUT ayQ ST STYQ JT OTaez ATTeNsn JESFJO OT
O}TAM OF eReP JO YOOTq 0} Tajutod eyed OT
O}TIM OF PREC OT WOT saqzAq Jo Tequmu yybuey] OT
ALIYM CANO pueulloD OT
eoTaequedo Aq jeseid 4rIun OT
aotaequedg Aq jeserd BoTAed OT
dn joes yIOGATdey uu abessay OT
LSanogu OI

‘GIdTTD OF ay} T0zTe

jou Asnu saqytTim jYuenbesqng ‘azTIM 4YSATJ eyy IOJ GIdTTD OT
ou} HbutreetTo Aq peuTeqyqo ST qI meu e ‘fasTMIsy;O ‘“pesn 3q
3snu pueumoo 4sog ayy Aq peuInqer GIdTTO OT ayy ‘ysSod
Hutpued e Toy HsWAjstjzes e 03 asucdsel UT ST 99TIM STU FI

“sole8Z UJTM pepped st dijo ayy ‘azts dTtTo

quezimo ay} puokeq Taae Sst JesjjO OT JI ‘*SezTIm Juonbesqns
IOJ pera}Teun oenTea pejueweroOUT oy Hbutsn pue ‘3 TIM

TeTRIUT JY} OJ YesyyJo OT Hutrzeato Aq ATTetjuenbes pepTaoiad
eq ued eRep STUL ‘“pzeOoqdT[O ayy OF ejJep SeqTIM pueuMOD STUL

NOIDLONNA

preoqdt{o 03 dtTO e3TIM — ALIYM

FLIYM/20TAap * preoqdt To

GAWN

B - 24

*IOPOSA
AzqeiqiT eyy se ysenbsyot eyz JO 3NO PTET} soTaed OT 9yy
qeib uey} pue (9 ‘ysenbeyot /T- /,,ea0TA@p*eTOsuUOD,, )soTAsquedo
0 ST adTAapP aTOsUOD ay} AOZ [Teo ,ATerzqt usedo, euL
-s10}00n AIeIQIT SoTAAap aTosuod ay} UT UOTJOUNF e ST FT FeYR
UT SpueUMIOD BdTASP prepuejsS WOT} YUSTeFFTIP ST uot JouNF STYL
SaLON

"yseq-qndut wou
ayy AT Tensn st yoTuM /Teonpord ayy wory squeAs ynduT sydaooy

NOLLONNA
TW OV
(aaqgeTosuos /sjuaAd) TeTpueHyNndulqdo
SISdONAS

BoTAep STOSUCD ay} IOJ YUeAS YnduT ue eTpueYy - ATeTpueHynduldo
AWN

JeTpuepyyNnduldd/seo asp ‘aTosuoco

-deu ADY QUeTIMO 3Yyy UGTA WLW OI Fe eany_oNzTAS 3Yyz
STIT} pue ‘qsenbayot ey} UT pTeTF ACATS ey Ses UOT JoOUNyZ STUL

‘uoTSIeauoD weer3s azhq OF

apookey MPI ay} eqtiosep 0} sprombuocT 3YbTe
deyAoyx dewAey ons

(dewAoyx ) JOOZTS

olaz asta ‘atqtssed O/I yotnb Jt woInd AOI
dWWAAYMSW dd

aoTaaquado 03 [Teo ey Aq yosead

aoTaequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq jYoserd

aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb jt yes yrogATdoey uw

SLTNSAY

e}zeq OT
yzbueT OT
sbeTaq OT
pueulliog OT
tun OT
BoTAed OT
abessoyW OT
LSANOdY OL

-3Tun eTosuco sty Aq asn
UT ammjonzys dewAsy JueTINS ey} YFTAM Aezjnq WLVd OI ey} STITd

NOTLONNA

aTOsuCO STYy} TOF ernjon13s dew Asx yZUeTIMS 3y4 qoeb — dewAoyysyv

GWYN

dewAeyySydo/ae0TAep *aToOsuoo

B - 25

atTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT Jes WOINO AOI sbeTd OT

YWETO GWO puewwoD OT

aoTaequedo 03 [Teo au Aq yoesemd ytun OT

aotaequedo 03 [TRO ayW Aq yesaid BOTAed OT

aTqtssod zou st O/I yoTNb Jt yes Wogd{dey uu abessoy OT
LSANOFY OI

*sjsonber peor
AJstqes 03 bHutqytem sqzroder Aue Jayznq yndut oy} worj saocupy
NOILONNA

Iajjnq yndut eTosuoos reaTO — 7TeaT{oO
GWYN

IP9TD/a0TAap ‘aTOsuoD

‘YLVd OI wory dew Ady jUueTIMO sty
STIT] pue ysenbeyot eyy UT pTeTJ TOIT sy sjes uoTIoOUNI STUL

SLINSAY
‘uoTSZ@eAUOD wearjs ajhq 07
apookeay MeI ay} eqTIOSep ey} sproMbucT qybTe
dewAoyx dewAey 3on1r4s eyzeq OT
(dewAo ys ) JOOZTS yjbueT OT
olaz asta ‘atqtssod O/I yotnb jt YOINO AOI sbheTq OT
dWWAGMLES do pueulioD OT
aotaequedg 03 [Teo ayy Aq qosoid qtun OT
aotTaaequedg 0} [Teo ayy Aq zoserd BOTAN OT
aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb FT Aes qiogATdey uw ebessayy OT
LSGnNOdd OI

wLwd o1 Aq 0} pequtod aamjoniz4s ayy
0} 3TuUN aTosuoo styuy Aq pesn eI oONITAS dewAoy WUeTIMD 9ayQ Ss3zeS
NOT LONNA

aTosuoOD stu TOF eammjonzys deu Asx JUeTINO 3yy es — dewAosy.eSs
AWWN

dewAey.eSdo/s0 TAap *aTOSUuoD

B - 26

*IOWOSA
Areiqt{T ay3 se ysenbayor eyy JO 4NO PTeT] soTaed OT 3yy
qeib uey} pue ‘(9 ‘ysanbayot ‘T[- /,,a0TAep' eTosuod,, )aeoTaequedo
©} ST SOTAap aTOsuOD |Yy} AOJ [Teo ,,ATerqtquedo,, ouL
‘sz0q00eA ATCAIQTIT SoTAep STOsuOoS ayy UT UOT JOUNJ e ST 4T 3eUR
UT SpURUIOD SOTASP pIepuejS WOTJ WUSeTSJJIp ST uoT}JOUNJ sTuL
SaLON

"PITRA |Te Aeyjnq ey} UT sTajZoOeTeYO sy} JO [Te ION
‘paqoajep Sem UOTRIPUOCD MOTJABAO AaTjnq e ‘T- ST Tenjoe jT
Suoudd

"Ind00 OF YNOGe SeM MOTJTSAO Taeyjnq e
JT [- to ‘/Zaejyjnq oy UT sTaZOeTRYO Jo Jequmu 9yy — TeNnjoe
SLINSdY

‘SOTAep STOSUOCD ay} JO dsdTASed OT |YyW - ABdeTOSUOCD
‘pesn oq 03 st deu Ady SsOTASp aTosuCD
}INejep ey JT [Tnu Ao ‘Aajutod sanjonzys depwhsy e — dewhoyx
*-saqhq UT azts Aayjnq ey} ‘a°t ‘uoTRZedtoTjUuUe umUTXeW — YQHUaeT
“uOoTSIeAUCD SsTuy Aq po}eTSUeh sisqjoPTeYO
pezedtotjzue [Te pToy o3 ybnous ebrzel{ Aayjnq a3Aq e - Aaejjnq
‘TayutTod sanjonzAS Auseagqgnduy ue — juUaAD
SLAdNI

"Layjnq sayy OUT 4[NserT sy saoe td
pue ‘dewAey ey} uo peseq ‘soqjAq ISNW 03 AGMMWY SSWIOdI
odAj JO squead Andut szZeAUCD UOTROUNJ |Tosuoo sTYyL

NOI DONNA
OV cW Td TW OW od
AaqdetTosuos /(dewkey ‘yqbueT /rayjnq /‘juUaAde)ATeAUODADYyMeY = TenN}oe
SISdONAS

SOSSe[O AyNndUuT MeI apoodap — TeAUODASyMeY
GWYN

PIBAUODAVYMeY/2OTASP * 9TOSUOD

“puewWoOS O3TIM
buTpuejsyno ue St eTey} Teaoueym eTosuod eyy
Aq asn ut AjtjTetquajzod st MopuTm sty} FO 71Ody
ouUL *(eaoqe aes) OQ ST TTeO sotaequedo eyy
uT 3TUN eYyZ JT pettddns eq ysnul yI = “eToOsUOCO

stu} 1OJ pesn oq TTTM 7eYF MOPUTM SYA ST STUL _
MOPUTMy MOPUTM 30Nn74S eed OT
LSanodd OI

‘siequmu 3tuN pTTea Ty AO

OU ae eTOUL ‘“seoTASep ay} UeYy} TeyHTY [TeaeT eB Fe SsUOp eq 4SnU
ajTosuos e burzreys ‘aTosuod enbtun e OF MOpUTmM pettddns sayy
sputq o7ez Jo 4tIun WY “TOJeA ATeIqTT sdTASP 94 OF 1ajutod

e 3ab 03 pesn sT sty} ‘/peuedo oq OF ST eTOSUOD TeN joe OU

yeu} SajeoTpuT T- JO }Tun Y ‘“eoTASep STUA Aq Ajt{etoeds pesn st
[Teo uedo ue 10jy AJajzoureted prepuejs e ST Fey} ToquMU 4TUN SUL

*3ynd3no TOF sdTASp
aTosuoo ey} Aq pesn sT 2eY4} MOPUTM S44 settddns uot }eulojyut
UOTIEZTTLTRIUT STYUL ~“YOOTC ysenbeyoT ey} JO PTETF WLVd OI
au UT petTTddns oq 0} UOT eULIOJUT sulos saitnber 4T Fey UT

spueulioo uedo adTAep Tay}O SOU WOTJ STeFFTpP pueuwlico uado sTuL

‘pTeTty LINA O1 ey ATqtssod pue PTT} AOIAKC OI

ay} «UT peTITy eq Aeu ZeyR YOoT ysonbeyoTt ayy UT SpPTeTF

OM} 91e osIDUL “90 TASP e OF SSa00R squerb ouTyNnor uado SOUL
NOI LONN

(9 ‘asenbeyot /4Tun /,,a0TAap’ aTOSUOD,, )eoTAsquedo
SISdONAS

BoTAep aTosuoo e usedo 0} ysenber e - 20TAequedo
dWWN

BoTAequaedO/a0 TAap ‘ aTOSUOD

r~
N
~O

GayvWMMOVd YwoOsuUNO dno aT

dayvMyoOd YyosynNo ANo OT

NMOd wosHnNoO dno aT

dn wosdno nno UT

YALOWYVHO LYHSNI- Hol DT

uOoTATUTJeqd Suen )osa

‘suofTootues Aq peyeiedes ore sXojourered OTToumMN ‘SiAdjoureIed oTTEUuMU
JO Zequmu Aue ST ,¢,, '.'6/P1I, ‘'b'a ‘/saeqowered oTreumu

OM} ST un ‘Iojouered oTTeumu [euoctj#do ue ST ,T, :Ssreqowered

yqtm (josqg Io g6$ /*a't ‘Iso Aq peonporquT) seouenbas [or}UCD

ALWLS IVWILINI OL “LHSde slay o

(JazeT peqyroddns seq jou [TTM) LdNyygaLNI LNI e
UOT}TUTJOqd SUIeN osq

—_— (osq Aq peonporjzuTt) seouenbes edeosq eTqrtzeduioo—osI

3STT }XeU 98S -YAONGOUMINI BAONANOAS IOWLINOO ISO ] TT/60
>XHQNI SSUMANY IY WW €ET/8O
-GNIT LXSN ISN 9 G /80

d

SUTT SUC UMOpP uoT3tTsod SAT IOS SYA SACU -XHAGNI ANI y /80 STTtj pue ‘ysonbeyot 2uQ UT PTeTJ AOAAS 9Yy Syoes uoTyouNF STUL
Bape gop es fet er, RS ASG yet ee ee ea eee een ees Cee ge Re SWINSdd
UOTITUTJOd SUeN OSY TO BpoD
‘pzreoqhey oy} wor
Adwosa Sq TT/T0 peat 03 STayoereyo ey} AOJ uoTReUT Sep SUL
NI LAIHS Is ST/00 [ed ING Ae ezed OF
LNO LAIHS OS 1/00 (Tends) Joozts yybueT ot
NUNLAY FOWIMUWO Ww ~£€1/00 o1ez este ‘atqtssod O/I yoTNb FF AOINO AOI sbeTd OT
aaqad Wuod ai 21/00 Cvdad CWO DaPN Ot
GvL IWDILLMAA LA I1/00 aoTaequedo 03 [Teo ey Aq jeserd 4tun OT
Gaga ANI ay OT/00 aoTaequedo 0} [Teo auy Aq joeseid BJOTASd OT
IOVdSYOW Sq g /00 aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT jes q310gATday uw abessopW OT
pet chet te gyi ae ao eh es ts ee ce en Ts ae ee, et rare LSANOFAY OI
uoTRTUT Jad oureNn BpoD

—— (ZaeoNporTUT oU) sUOTROUNY TOT}UOD WUSepUedepuUr

‘peer saqzAq Jo Tequmu 93yy YqIA
IWALOW OI pue ‘/4ndut 3xeu ey} YIM Pere WIWVd OI ysenboyoTt ey

“aTqetTteae ATAUeAANS

yndut ey} UTM peTjstTzes eq T[TM ysoenber ay} ‘HLONAT OI TITS
ueo se yonu se jou ynq ‘ynduTt sulos Sst say} JT ‘petjstzes

28

B

daLY¥OddNs SHdOD ISNWV
oq OU TITM pueuMmioo sty} ‘yndut Hutpued ou st ereYy. JI
‘Q0TASP STOSuOD ay

©} 83TIM 0} 3X9} ISNW eUuy BbuTUTejUOCD Tayjnqg e b¢spuoodesoro Up / <spuodas> /0/0/<¢stetytTenb> ‘ <apoohey> ‘0 /T<ISo>

[]zeyjnq zeus eyed OT -WwIOJ Sy UT /FTESzT JUSAS YndUT oeYW

(ray jnqx ) Joezts yqbueT OT WOTJ UOCT}eULIOJUT Say} YITM SztIodaz apookey me uINjeT prTnom

ojez asta ‘atqtssod O/1I yoOTNb JT yond AOL sbheTq OT sexy ‘(]osg 10 g6$ ST <ISD> eTeyM) aTOsuodD 9Yy} OF ST<ISoO»>

ALIYM AWO pueullog OT 6utytim Aq peTqeue useq pey sapooAey mer ‘oTdurexe AOjJ ‘FTI

asoTAaquadg 0} [Teo ayy Aq Aoesaad 3tun OT

aoTaaquedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq yasead SOTASd OT dewhoyjzes pue dewAoyysy yytM

eTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT yes yrogATdey uw abessop OT peTjtTpoul ST yOTYM ‘TUN 94 YATM pejzetToosse deuoy oy} PTA

LSINOAN OI peqyeauoo are skoy *(pueumliod a4TIM ey} 9es) seouenbes [TO13UOD

quy pue qyS eu} eTA pereq [Ty ATeATJOeTes eq Ukd SdTASp aTOSUOD

-hutpued ay Aq paatacer sqjueae ynduTt mey “seouenbes [or}UCD IO

ST puewlod 33TIM STUY} STTUM 92Sn UT ST MOPUTM STOSUOD sy 3X89 «IIOSW TeyRTe ‘/*a°T ‘weerqs a3A4q ISNW Ue se ST 4nduUT sTYA

JO RIOgY ayQ 3eUW aI0N ‘AeTdSTp auA OF pTOdDaI 3x9} & 93TIM Jo wioJ eyL ‘“preogqkey ey wory AT[Teteueb ‘ynduT 3xeu 9Yy} speoYy
NOIDLONNA NOTLONNA

Ketdstp au} 03 3x98} 383TIM — 24TIM pieoqkey ayy wory ynduT 3xeu ey} UIN}ZeT — pesy
aHWYN GWYN

9}TIM/S0 TASp * aTosuoD peay/a0Taap ‘aTosuoo

TabbHt1L4@S/eo0 aap * 7AOdeurebh
adXL03eS/e0TAap * 7AOdeureb
quaagpeay/ao0TAap * Wodaureb
uado/ao0TAap * y10doeureb
TeaToO/eo0Taep * AOdaueh
IebbTALYsv/e0TAep * Wodsoureb
adkLOYSW/e0TAep ’ AOdoureb

sua U0D

(asouenbes peoy ebtuy o3eATid) LYOdad SGNNOd MOGNIM UaMe
(aouenbes ebtuy ao 7eatid) LSANOAY SNIWLS MOGNIM usMe
(aouenbes ebtuy o3eaAtid) NOILIGNSY YOSUND Las uose
(aouenbes peey ebtwy o3eatid) LYOdaY AM TwIOddS use
(aouenbes ebtuy o3eAtTid) SINHA MWY LaSau auye
(aouenbes peoy ebtuy o3eatid) LYOdda INGAd LOdNI uare
(aouenbes ebtuy o}eatid) SINAN MWY LaS ause
(aouenbss ebtuy ojeatid) LasddoO dOL LYS OLSe
(aouenbes ebtuy ajeatid) LaSddjo LAST LYS Ose
(aouenbes ebtuy ojeatid) HLONST SNIT Las Tse
(aouenbes ebtuy ajeatid) HLONST doWd LAS ddIse

LYOddu SNIWLS AOIASG usd

NOILIGNSY DIHdWuD LOaTES UYdS

aGOW Lasau Wa

SGOW LES WS

NMOd TTOWOS dS

dn TIONDS AS

(A[Tuo weer3s peoy UT) LYOdduY NOILISOd YOSUND Add
UALOWYWHO ALATAG Hod

GNIT ALSTISG 611d

FNIT LYASNI ‘II

(auTT JO pus oj ATUC) ANITI NI dSWua ‘Td

(AeTdstp jo pue 03 ATUO) AWIdSIG NI aSWYa dd
NOILISOd wosund dnd

ANIT ONIGHHOdYd YOSHND Idd

SNI'T LXSN wosund ‘INO

q1z0de1

e SIabbh1t1} ‘paepesoxe JT ‘YyoTYyM X UT soUe ISTP e
— eytedax db

310da1

eR STebb11z, ‘pepesoxs JT ‘YyOTYM X UT soOUe ISTP be
— we 3teax 3db

(09s/09) s3ztTun yUeTq [TeoOT}ISA UT porNseosuUl

‘qaoder e siebbt1, ‘/pepesoxe JT ‘YOTYM oUIT e
— qnoeuty, 7db

qzodeai e Aebbt1z7 suotj}tTsuez4

dn uoj4nq JT 38S SAMMNdN dLldD pue ‘’jzIOdeI e Tebbt1}3

SuOT}TSUeT} UMOp U0}Z}Nq JT ES SATINMOC ALdd

— soy db
SjUaUeTS HUTMOTTOF ey} sey
yotyum /rebbtzpzrodeurey adA} Jo sanjonizys e eed OT Inset
(TebHT1L rOdsurebh ) Joazts yybueT OT ou} IOJ eTqetzea ajAq oyW JO sseippe suy ezed OT
aTqtssod st O/I Yyotnb JT Aes WOINO AOI sbeTd OT T 3seaT je ujbuey oT
YAOOLULNSWY dD pueulioD OT eTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT yes YWOINO AOL sbe[d OT
aoTaequedo 03 [TRO eyW Aq jJoserd tun OT AdALOMSW ddd pueuloD OT
aoTaaquedo 07 TTeo ey} Aq jeserd aoTaad OT aoTaequedo 07 [Teo ayy Aq josoard 3tun OT
aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt Yes YodATdey uw abessow OT 2oTAequedg 03 [Teo ey Aq yoseird aoTAsd OT
LSaAnOaY OI eTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb jt yes WogdATdoey uu abessayw OT

LSanodd OI

‘-AT@aeTpeuit saynoexe sAemTe pueuwloo STUL
‘“AT@}eTpouwt soqynoexse sAemTe pueulod STUL

‘IabbtzLjes Aq jos are SUOTRTpUCD sSOUL ‘onenb peey euy

03 yoder yodeureb e enanb 0} JUaeTOTJJns ST simodd0 suo Aue *adAL03eS

3eu -- jUepuedepuT ore ‘SsIeHbbT14 peTTeo ‘SsuoT}Tpuod esoyL snotaeid e Aq jes Uusaeq sey adA} TeTTor}UCO auy, *pejyerdirdjUT

‘paTJST}#es oq [[TM ysenber pesy butpued e eTOJeq yTuN 320d Ajiedoid aq Kew 310d ay} ye sTeubtTs ay yey os ‘zIOd

aueb e Aq oul aq Ysnu suUOTRTpUuCD 3eYM SaTTnbuT pueuwlood STUL oueb ay} }e A@TToOTRUOCD Jo adAQA 9yR SaTJTIUSpPT pueUMOD STUL
NOI LONNA NOI LONNA

q10dezr yIOdaureb e IOJ suOT}TpuCo aYyA arTNbuT - IJaebbtsrLAsSwW adAj ZaTjTorRuo0s yIodeuebh jueTIMd ayy eAtnbut - aedALOYsw
GWYN GWYN

TebHrTLysw/eo Taap * yodoureh adALOASW/20 TAap * 7TOdeureb

B - 30

‘pTTeA eq yOU TITM FOIA OI pue
LINN OL ‘30S eq TTT YoUNT OI ‘/TNnJsseoonsun sem uedo ey4 jI
SLTNSdY

TaT[orjuoo yLodeureh yYubTA YRIM pezetToosse yTun- T
IaTTorquos y1Odeweb AjeT YIM peyeToosse yTun = = Q
— 4Tun
SLAdNI

‘“g0TAap asoTo e Aq paeyojzeu st uedo sty} ssaetun pebundxs oq
jouuvos soTAep eu, *“peqUeUleTOUT eq [TTTM juUNOD UsedoO soTASepP SUL

‘PTET] LINA OI eyy pue pTety ADIAKC OI

ay} :UT PETIT} eq TIT yooTq ysenbeyot ey} UT SPTETFZ

OML ‘asOTAap e 03 Ssad0e szueITH sUTANOT uado oul
NOLLONNA

(9 ‘asenbeyot /3Tun /,,a0TAep’ pOdaureb,, )eoTaequedo
SISdONAS

aOTAep 7TOgeuey ayy uaedo 07 Ysenber e - usdo
AWWN

usdo/aoTaep * 71Odaurebh

aTqtssod st O/I yoTnb Jt es MOINS AO! sbeTd OT

uWaTO CWO pueumioD OT

aotaaquedo 03 [Teo ey Aq jeserd 4Tun OT

aotaequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq yeserd ao0TAeqd OT

aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt Wes WogATdey uu abessoyw OT
LSanoad OI

‘sqasoenber peer Ajst jes

0} Butjtem sqzrt0der yrodeweb Aue Taezjgnq 4ndut ey} WoT SeAOURY
NOILONNA

Tayjnq yndut zTodoeureb TeeToO - resToO
SWWN

Teal D/aotaep ‘ Wodeureb

31

OTT} epnypout yrodeureb ayy
ut sazenbe oy Jed se ‘aedA} TaTTor}uo0o |yy

butqtirosep eTqetzea a34q eyA JO sseippe eyy e}eq OT

ml. VL yqbueT oT

aTqtssod st O/I yotnb FT yes WOINO Aol sbeTyq OT

AdALOLAS ddd pueunioD OT

aotaequedo 07 [Teo ayy Aq jeserd 3IuQ OT

aotaequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq yesead BOTASd OT

aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT Jes qy10gATdey wi abessoy OT
LSanoad OI

-ATa}eTpouwt saynoexe sAemTe pueulod STUL

‘pezertaueb ere sztodar ou 3ey Os ‘JjoO peurn} aq osTe ued

a4r0d au, ‘peqerdzequt ATredoird aq Aeu 310d eyy We sTeubts ayy

zeu3 os ‘yIOdeureh ayQ ze adTASp Jo edAQ oY} Sjes pueUlOd STUL
NOT LONNA

adkj AeTTor}uo0D zrodeureh quezrImod syy yes — eddIOVeS
GWYN

adAL07eS/a0TAap * WAodoureb

TebHt1L3eS/sa0tasep * yTodoaureb ‘adKyD10S/a0TAep’ yrOdoeureb
OSTW ddS

-(squdAd
Tetqzied jou ynq) sqUeAe 3iodeurebh yxeu ey} URTM ysenbeyYoOT ey4
STITT} pue ysenbeyot ey} UT PTeTF TOTTe ey Ssjzes uoTIOUNFZ STUL

SLINSAY
“PTET SOdS AL ey} UT ZUNOD
aurery oy} se ynq ‘dureqseultz prepuejs e se jou
uaatTh /yIOder 4seT ey} soUTS SUT} eITEp eu
durejSoulty, oT
“sqjtun jUepuedep aoTaep aynjTosqe IO aeaTzeTor
Zoujyte ut ‘zxodez sty} Toy sontea A pue x 9yy
k et ‘X OT
qos are s}tq uo} 4nq pue aATzeTeT ey ATUO
TeTFTTeEnoO of
-JJXO onTea oyy Aq pezeotTput st oder
ON ‘SqzIOdar u0jWNq yWOdeurebh Aue suTejUCO
pod eT
qrodoureb 3ybhTI ay} TOF T ‘FFOT SUR ACF O ST
sseToqns 93T
ASNOKMWA SSWTOdI St _
SSPTD OT
pouInjzer sjuaas ayy SYUTT
USAT} XON OT
:arIe WUaAS YNdUT ZY JO SPTETF
ayuL ‘SqueAe yNdUT YATA TIT} 0} Pere Aazjnq e eed OT
-quaao qndut red seqzhiq (AueaqynduTt)josezts ere
azZay} :SsazAq UT eore eed OT OY} JO eZzTS 3} yybueT OT
aTqrssod st O/I yotnb Ft ys MOINS AOl sbe[Tq OT
INSAddWaad ddd pueuwoD OT
aotaequedo 0} TTeRO ay} Aq qeseird 3tuQ OT
aoTaaquedo 03 TTeo ey Aq yesead @oTAed OT
eTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt jes qzIogATdey uu abessoW OT
LSAnNOgU OI

‘aTqetteae ATZUeTIMS esoyy YFTA peTystzes eq TTT zsonbe12

2u. ‘HLONAT OI TIT} ueo se Auew se jou ynq ‘SjzUSAS oUlOS

are aley} JT 3Nq ‘/peTystTzes eq jou TTTM pueuMoO STYZ “Sj zUEAS

qrodoureb butpued ou ere aezeyy JI “ysenbeyoT ey jo eore ejep

au} UT weyy synd pue 7rTOdeureb ey} Wor} sjUSeAS qiodeureb spesy
NOILONNA

‘queso ZIodeureb yxeu oy} UINJeT — JUEAgpeoyY
GWYN

qUuaAgpReey/a0TAap * VAOdeureb

32

j10dez

e sZebbT13 ‘pepesoxe JT ‘YOTYUM xX UT BsdDUeRSTP eB
— e3TedK 3db

310daz

e siab6T13 ‘/paepesoxe JT ‘YOTYM X UT soDUeRSTP Pe
— ea tedax 3db

(oas/og) sqztun yueTq TeoT ISA UT peANseoUl

‘yr10dei e siabb113 ‘pepesoxe JT ‘YOTYM SUT? e
— Qnoseuty, 3db6

qiodei e Aebbt17, suotytTsues

dn uoj3nq JT 38S SAMIdN dLldD pue ‘nz0dai1 e ATebbt13

SUOT}TSURI} UMOP UO}#3Nq JT 3S SAMYNMOd ALdd

— sKoy db
S]UsUeTe HUTMOTTOJ ey sey
yotyum /rebbtrLz7odsurey adAj jo aimmyonis e eyeg OT
(TabbT1zLWodoureh ) Joazts yybueT OT
aTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT es YOING aor sbeTy OT
YAOOIULLAS ddd pueumoy OT
aoTaequedg 07 [Teo ay} Aq jZeso1id qtun OT
aoTAequedo 0} [TRO eA Aq jeserd BoTAed OT
aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT jes yrogATdey uu abessay OT
LSanOau OI

qUdAqe4TIM/S0TASp* yndut
41e4S/a0TASp’ yndut
YSeIy.L}eS/eo0TASp* yndut

-K[TaVeTpeowuut soeynoexe sAemTe pueullod STUL

PpoTiad}eS/e0TAep * yndut ‘ TabHTALYSW
adh WIeS/a0TAaep * yndut U}IM pertnbut aie suoTytTpuoo eseyL ‘ononb peey 3uy
BHTAILWIES/se0TASp * yndut 0} Woder zIOdeueh e onenb 0} QUeTOTyJNs ST sanooo0 suo Xue
WOdWzeS/aeo0TAap ’ yndut yeyQ -— juepuedeput ere ‘sTebbT173 peTTeo “suoTyTpuoo esouL
yesay/s0Taap * yndut ‘petjstzes oq [[TM ysenber peoy 65utpued e e1ojeq Tun 310d
JaTpuepyuey/ae0TAap * yndut oueb e Aq oul aq ysnuU SUOTJTpUOD }eYM SjesS pueUllodD STUL
uedo/soTAap * yndut NOLLONNA
IePaTO/soTAap ‘ yndut
TaTPueHPpY/e0TAap ’ yndut qroder yrodeurebh e AOJF suOCTRTpUuCD 9sY} 4eS - ZTebbt1L39eS
GWYN

s}uUa7}U0D IabHTt1IL}eS/a0Taap * Wodaureb

33

eTqtssod st O/I yotnb Jt Res YOINO GOI sbeTJ OT

YWATO CWO pueulod OT

asotTaequedo 07 [Teo ayy Aq joseird 3Tun OT

asoTaaquedo 0} [Teo ey} Aq jeseaad aoTAed OT

eTqtssod jou st O/I Yyotnb Jt yes yogATdoy uw ebessoyW OT
LSanddu OI

*sqsonber peor Ajst jes
0} Bbutytem sqyr10oder yndut Aue sxtazjnq Ayndut woijy SaeacuUEy
NOT LONANA

Jejyjnq yndut reaeTo -— Testo
GWYN

IeaTO/eoTtaap * yndut

"IT TOFS petjstjes ST pueumlod TaeTpuepywey
® [T}uN aoTAep yndut ayy Aq Adex st ounqjonzys 4dnzzoezUT oul

SALON
ssoeippe uoT}OUN}y JeTpueyH ey apod st
aaoqe peqtiosep Jajutod ejeqieTpuey 2y3 ejed St
-aamjonizs 4ydnizejuT ue oO} ZaQUTOd e eyed OT
YaTONVHGGW ANI PpueURIOD OT
aotasequedo Aq joesead 4tTuQ OT
aotasequedo Aq joseid BOTASd OT
qes qIogATdey uu abessop OT
LSANOFYY OI
TW OW od
‘(eqeqzeTpuey ‘sqzueagyndut)zreTpuey = szUueaqyndulMeu
se

peTTeo ST uoTjzoOuNJ syL ‘“eoTaep styy Aq pejereueb s}ueae yndut
aTpuey 0} peTTeO suCTJOUNT Jo YSTT ey} OF UOCTJOUNZ e SppY
NOLDLONNA

SOTASp ey} OF Ja Tpuey yndut ue ppe — TeTpueHppy
aWWN

JOT PUeCHPPY/20TASp ‘ yndut

34

a}eTpouwT WOU ST puUeUMOO STUL

Sa.LON
‘ammyoniys Adnizej4UtT oy oF AaqjutTod e eed OT
UATONVHWaY CNI pueullog OT
aotaequedgo Aq jyoseiad 3tuQ OT
aodtTaaquedg Aq jyoserd SOTASq OT
jes WogATdey uu abessayp OT
LSANOAY OI
*suotzounj
JeaTpurey Jo ASTT ayW OF peppe ATsnotasad uoTjZouNJ e SeAQURY
NOILONNA

BOTASp oy} WOT TaTpuey ynduTt ue asaocw!er — JeTpueHuey
SWYWN

TaTpuepuPy/e0TAaep * yndut

_‘pfTea oq ZOU TITM AOIASG OI pur
LINN OI ‘38S @q TTTM YOUNT OI ‘[nJsseoonsun sem usdo 9y} FI
SLINSaY

‘“a0TAaqdesoTD e Aq peyojeul st uedo sty} ssetun pebundxe aq
jouued SoOTAep ey ‘pe zUeUETOUT eq [TTA jUNOD UedO sdTASpP eyL

‘PTOETF LINN OI oy pue pTety aAOIAgC OI

au} «0: UT PETTITT} eq TTT YOoTq ysenboyot eyy UT SpTEeTs

OML ‘20TAep eB 0} SSaDoDe sqUeIH sUTINOIT UsdO JUL
NOLLONO

(9 ‘3saenbeayot /0 /,,e0TAep ’ ynduT,, )aoTAsquedoO
SISdONAS

aoTAaep yndut ey uedo 03 Asenbez e - uedo
AWWN

uedo/aotaap * yndut

35

*KTeatqoedse1

‘yI0d TaT{Tor}uU0D 3yYyHTA TO WjeT eyA AeyATe wor
peutezqo aq prTnoys 3ynduT asnoul Qey HutTxeotput
‘T IO Q TayATeE ST zeUQ 274q be OF JajUTOd be

T

atqtssod st O/I yotnb Jt yes YOINO aol
LYOdWLaS GNI

aotaequedg 03 [Teo ayy Aq eased

aotaequedg 03 [Teo ay} Aq yasead

aTqtssod you st O/I yotnb Jt Jos WodATdey uw

e3zeq OT
yzbueT OT
sbeTa OT
pueuluoD OT
tun OT
aoTaed OT
abessoyw OT
LSanodd OL

* paqoauu0o

ST asnow ay} YyoTya ze 410d ZIodeureb ey} sjes pueulod STUL

NOIDLONNA

yI0d asnou QUaIIMSD |eYyW Wes — Wogwyes

GWYN

IOgW}eS/a0TASp * 4yndut

eaTqtssod st O/I yotnb jt 3s WOINO OI

Lasau dWo

aoTaequedg 03 [Teo ayy Aq jose rd

aoTAsequedo 0} [Teo ayy Aq jJoeseid

atTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT Jos yrogATdoey uw

B - 36

sbeTa OT
pueulliod OT
3tun OT
aoTAed OT
abessay OT
LSanNOeY OI

‘a0TAap usdo 3yA OF
seTpuey butAo01r4sep yNoyATA sotasp preocqhsy ayy Sj}eser Jesey

NOILONN4A

gndut ey} Jesel — yoeseyYy

AWN

Joesay/aoTaop * yndut

STITT] epnjtout 3rodeureb ayy
ut seqzenbe ayy ted se ‘adA} AaeT[Tor}UOCD |yy

Hutqtiosep etTqetzea a3Aq ayy JO sseippe syy ejeqd OT

T yybueT OT

eTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT eS MOINO AO! sbe[d OT

AdALWLAS ANI pueuMiod OT

aoTAaquedo 03 [Teo ey} Aq yeserd 4tun OT

aotaaequedo 07 [Teo ey Aq Aoeserd BoTASq OT

atqtssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt yes YogATdey uu abessop OT
LSanoau OI

‘paqyeidiaqut ATiredoid eq Aew 710d ey} ze sTeubts ayy
os ‘q20d asnou ay. }e soTAap jo adAj |Yy} SES pueUMOO STUL
NOTLONONA

adAj AeTTorAuCD ATOd asnoul JUeTIND 3sYyR eS - adALW39S
AWN

adALWI9S/a0TAep * yndut

310dez

e sIaebbT1} ‘/pepesoxs JT ‘YyOTYyM XK UT soUe ISTP e
— e3TedA 3db

qI10dez

e SIebb113 ‘/paepesoxe JT /YOTYUM X UT soOUeASTP eB
— e3Teax 4db

(oes/o9) s}tTUN yUeTq [TROT PISA UT perTNseouUl

‘qrodei e szehbt13 /pepesoxe JT ‘YyoOTYyM SUT e&
— 4noeurpL 3db

qaoder e AebbTtzW suotzTsuer4

dn uo0}3nq JT 3°S SASNdN GLldd pue ‘3IOdez e Tebbtrz4

SUOT}TSUeI} UMOp—UO}Z3NG JT 3S SATNNMOT dLdd

— skoy db
SjusUeTe HuTMOTTOJ ey sey
yotym /Tebbtzpzrodeurey edAj Jo eanjonizjs e& eed OT
(TabHbtrzAL7Aodsureb ) Joazts yybueT OT
eTqtssod st O/I yotnb Jt yes MOINOG AOl sbeTq OT
YFOOLULLAS ANI pueuuog OT
aotaaquedo 07 [Teo ey Aq Aaseird yun OT
aoTaaquedo 07 [Teo ey Aq yoeserad BoTAS OT
atTqtssod you st O/I yotnb Jt yes YrogATdey uu abessow OT
LSanoady OI

“ao0TAep Yodoeureh ayy Aq pesn yey} ST uOTeOTI Toods

Tebb6tz3 eyL ‘petystyes oq [Tt ysenber pesy Hbutpued e arojeq

asnou e Aq youl oq YSNUI SUOTRTpUCD 3zeYM Sjos pueUlodD STUL
NOIDLONNA

q10dei 310d asnoul e TOJ SUOCTATPUCD eYyW yes — HTILWWeS
GWYN

BTIILNQOS/20 TAap * yndut

B - 37

spuooesoioTu pToyseizyy 34 OIOTW A} OT

spuoosas prTouseryy eyy SO9S A} OT

aTqtssod st O/I yotnb FT yes YOINO AOI sbhe[d OT
HSSYHLLAS GNI pueunloD OT

aotTaaquedo 07 TTRO ayy Aq jesoid 4tun OT

aotaequedo 03 [Teo ey Aq jeseid BOTASG OT

aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT yes yrogATdoey uw abessow OT

zsonbereuty e — LSandOad OI
-K[a,etpouwit saeynoexe sAemye pueumloo STUL
-(skoey aITYS eyuQ ore ‘/atTduwexe Ioj ‘se)
peqyotrysea oq Aeu Ady e FO Ajtttqezeeder ayuL_ ‘“yeedezr ued AT
alojeq UMOp pTeYy eq ysnu Ady e ey} SUIT, SY} SOS pueUMiCD STUL
NOTLONN4

prlousery yeedez Aay ayy yes — YseTYyLes
AWWN

YS2TYLIOS/20TASp * yndut

spuooesortotu potied yeader ayy O1OTH AQ OT

spuooas potied jeedeir 3y} SO28S A} OT

aTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT jos YOINO dol sbeTq OT
GOINadLaS GNI PpuUeUBOD OT

aotaaquedo 03 [Teo euW Aq qesoid 3tuQ OT

aotaequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq jeso1d aoTAed OT

@eTqQtssod jou st O/I yotnb jt jes qiogAjTdey uu oabessop OT

qsonbeitourZ e — LSanodd OI

-kTa}etpowuwt saynoexe sAemTe pueulloo STUL

-sjeader Ay HutjZeedaz e yoTtym ye potired ey} s}es pueullood STUL
NOT DLONNa

potied jyeedez Asay ey JES — pottedzes
GWYN

potiadj}es/a0Tasep* yndut

38

‘-pofoi4sep ere (s)jUeAe YnduTt ayy jo sjuaqUOCD aUL

SaLON
peirtsep se
durezSoult.L oT
K eT ‘X eT
TOTFTTENO OT
Spod eT
sseToqns eT
SSPTID OT
*ZUSATPXON ST OTOZ & SEY
quaAd 4SseT ayy /1eYZEbOR sjuaAD |YyW SYAUTT
qQUSAq}XON OT
:9I1e WUeAD YNdUT ayQ JO SPTETJ
auUL °(s)sqzUaAdD YNdUT YATM eere Asjjnq e eyed OT
-juaaa yndut ted sajhq (JueagjnduT)joezts ere
aia, :seqAq UT eore ejeg OT SYR JO ezTs 3yA yybueT oT atTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT jes WOINO Aol sbheTd OT
atTqtssod st O/I yotnb JT 4s YWOINS AO! sbelTa OT LUvLs CWO puewllod OT
INAASALIUM GNI PpUeUROD OT aoTaequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq jeserd ytun OT
aoTaeqduedo 0} [Teo ayy Aq jYoserd 4tuQ OT aotaequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq qesoid aoTAed OT
aoTAaequedo 0} [Teo ey Aq joserd BOTAN OT atTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb JT jes q10gh{deu uu obessoyW OT
aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb jt yes WodATdey uw abessoy OT LSanodd OI
LSANOdY OI
‘pueumioo dojs e reqye 4tuN ey} s}PIeRSeT W7RPIS
NOLLONNA NOTLONN4
sioTpuey [Te 03 (s)juUeAS YnduTt ejzebedord — YUeAge TIM dojs toxye yreySer — 47e4S
AWWN GWYN

qUaA ge TIM/SoTAap * yndut 371e4S/a0TAap * yndut

B - 39

"JE AOJ petFst}es st pueuMiod Ta[pueHjesowey
e [Tun soTAep preoqhaey oy Aq Aday st aerNjonzAs AdnirSeRUT eUL

SALON
sseippe uoTjoOUNy TeTpuey suy @apod ST
@aaoqe peqtiosep Tajutod ejeqieTpuey ey eed ST
-aimjoni7s 4Ydnzzi9ejUuT ue oF} AaqUTOd e eyzeq OT
USTONVHLaSaudaW aay pueullloD OT
aotaequedo Aq joseird qtuq OT
aotaequedo Aq jaserd BoTAed OT
Res WZIOgATdeYy UW abessoay OT
LSANOGUY OL
TW
‘ (eqeqreTpuey ) aT puey

:qjeser prey e arojeq
dn ueaTo 03 peT[Teo suotjoUNJ Jo ASTT 2Yyy OF UOT JOUNJ e SppY
NOLLONNA

SOTAep sy} OF} TaeTpuey joeser e ppe - JaTpueHjeseyppy
GWYN

JeTpuepjyeseyppw/sotasep- preogqksy

SUOGISeTPUueHeSaY/20TASPp *
Joesay/a0Taoep*
IaTpueHzesayUpy/so0TAap *
XTIZEWPeSY/SOTASPp °
qUdSAgpeay/soTASp~
IPITO/a20Taap*

‘preoqhkay

JaTpPueHeSeYppW/e0TASp

preoqiksyx
pireoqheyx
pieoqhsy
pireoqhey
preoqkey
preoqghey

sjua3U0D

B - 40

*(squaaa
Tetqzied you Anq) sqjuease preoqhey }xeu ey YITM Ysenbayo!I ey3
STITJ pue ysenbeyYyoI ey uT pTeTy AOTTS ayy sjos UOT OUNT STUL

SZLINSdAY
O18Z O} JES pue ‘/pesn jou sre
dureysoutL et ‘A eT ’X eT ‘sseToqns eT
qos are sjtq ped oTZeumu pue 4jtus eyy ATUO
TSTFTTeENO oF
sqyiodeit umop/dn Ady 3xXeu sy suTe UCD
@pop eT
AGIMWY SSWIOGI St =
SSPTD oT
pouinjzer sjueAe oy SYUTT
USATPXON OT
soe QUdAdD YNduT ayuW Jo spTEeT;
euUL “SzUeAD YnduT YIM TTT} 03 RPeTe Aajjnq e eqed OT
‘qusao 4ndut Jed saqzAq (3UaAqyNdUT)jJoezTs ore
arey, :saqdq UT eae eed OCT ZY} JO OZTS ayy yybueT OT
eTqQtssod st O/I yotnb Jt 3esS YOINO Aol sbe[aq OT
LNAASGWaY addy pueuallod OT
aoTaequedo 03 [Teo eyyW Aq jesard aoTaeq OT
aTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt yes WZIOgATdaey uw abessay OT
LSGNOdY OL

‘aTqetTteae ATjUeTIMD |ssoyy YIM peTjstzes oq [T[T ysenberz

ou ‘HLONAT OL [T[Tt} ueo se Auew se you ynq ‘sqUaAa oUOS

ole si3auy JI ‘petystjes oq OU T[[TM pueuUMlod sTuy ‘SjUSAD

pieoqhey butpued ou are atsy} JI ‘ysenbayot ey jo eaie ejep

eu} UT wWeyy ynd pue pxreoghsy 9y3 WoOTJ SjUaAd preOCqhsy mMeT peosy
NOTLONNA

"Quaad preogqhkey 2xeu ay UINeT — JUSsAgpesY
aWYN

quaagpesay/aoTaap* preoqheay

etTqtssod st O/I yotnb FT yes YWOINO AO! sbeTq OT

YWATO AWNO pueuRlod OT

aoTAequedo 03 [Teo ayy Aq yYoserd @oTAaqd OT

atTqtssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt yes WogATdoy uu abessoy OT
LSanNOdY OF

‘sqsoenbez peer Ajstjes
0} ButjtTem suotztsuer3 say Aue Aayjnq ynduT oy} worj seaciPy
NOILONNA

Zajjnq yndut preoqhkey reaToO — TePeTO
GWYN

IeaTo/eotaap* preoqhkayx

4]

‘om yoni4s YdnizajuTtT TaTpuey eyj oO} Jajutod e
UPIGNVHLASAUWaY day
aotaequedo Aq joseid
aotaequedo Aq joeseid

jes yoghTdey uu

eyed OT
pueuloD OT
qtun OT
BOTASd OT
abessow OT
LSaNOdd OL

“suoT}zoUnj

ZaTpuey JO 4STT ey 0} peppe ATsnotaerzd uoTJouNJ e SeAOURY

NOIDONN

QOTASp oy} WOIJ TeTpuey eset e eaoURI — Ta TpueHjosewPy

SWWN

JaTpuepy esayuey/soTaap * prveoghay

"xTiqzeu ASY QueTAMND ay OF xTI}eU
Sjes pue ysenbeyol ey} UT PTET} AOITS sy Sjes UOTIOUNJ STULL

SLINSAY
‘xTI}eu sty Jo (g AIC U)
oy4q ut (g GOW U) 4Tq 3e ST U apooksy
Ioj Key ayy Jo a3eqs ayQ :aqzeqs SkdY YOoORd
qoeTjer s3zTq ZUeUOCdWOD ssoUuM sazAq Jo Aerzre ue
>XxTIZeu Ady SUF UQIM TIT} OF} Pare Asjjnq e eyed OT
*xTrqzeu Aay sy} PToy oF Yybnous bHtq eq ysnu
SsTuj :soqAq UT eare eRe OT dUW JO aZTS dy yqbueT oT
eTqtssod st O/I yotnb Jt yes YOINO dol sbeTq OT
XIULWWdWaY day pueuloD OT
aoTAequedg 03 [Teo ay Aq joseid BOTAed OT
eTqtssod jou Sst O/I yotnb jt jes yWogATdey uw abessoyW OT
LSANOAY OI

*xTazjzeu Ady
ey} ut Aaey ATaao Jo a3e4Ss uMOp/dn ay spear uoTAOUNJ STUL
NOI LON ef

xTiqzeu Aay pxreoqkey YueTIMD ayy peer — xtTr}eWpesy
GWYN

XTIZeEWPeSY/20TASp* preoqhkayx

42

‘ganjoni3s ydnizejuT JeTpuey ey} 03 TaquTod e ezeq OT
ANOCUSTONVHLASAY day pueuloD OT
aotaequedg Aq jyoserd 4tuQ OT
aotaequedg Aq joserd BoTASad OT

yes qrogATdey uu abessow OT
LSanOad OI

* pa zeTduico

sey TaTpuey ay} UATM paezetoosse dn—-ues[o jeser yey} SozeoTpul
NOILONNA

amooo ued jeSsaT 2eYU SeOTpUT — sUOgTEeTpUeH}esSey
HNN

QUOGIaTpueyHyesey/eo Taap * p1eoqhoey

eTqtssod st O/I yotnb Jt Yes WOINO Aol sbeTd OT

Lassa dNo pueumlog OT

aotaequado 03 [Teo ayy Aq jyoeserd BoTAed OT

aTqrssod jou st O/I yotnb Jt yes y1ogATdey UW abessopy OT
LSanogd OI

‘aoTAep uedo 3} OF
so[Tpuey HutAor3Ssep yNoyWTA sotaep preoqhsey oy} S}eseT Josey
NOTLONNA

pieoqkey ey} yaser — zoesoaY
AWWN

Jasay/aoTaap ‘ preoqkeay

43

OSTW dds

GHLNOdY YNAOI 07 32S GUYOI JO pTEety ros OT

ananb ayy ut eq Aew ysoenber syL

" yroqe

*ysonber

3sonbelz OI

SLTNSAY

0} ysenber Jo Uo!
SLAGNI

“aatqoe ATRUeTAMD 10

OI yooods e s7T0QY
NOLLONNA

(3sonbeyo!l ) o1W0qu
SISdONAS

ue yIoqe — O1}10qv
aWWN

OI HMoqy/saoTAap * 10ze1TeU

9} TIM/90 TAap ‘107 e1TTeU
do3S/71e4S/a0TAap 107 eTTeU
qasay/ao0Taap ‘10; e1TTeU
peay/aeoTaap '10R,e1TTeU

aod TAaquedO/a0 TASap * 10OZeITeU
YSNTJ/aoTaep ‘10, e1TeU
BOTASGESOTD/a0TAap * 10, e1TTeU
OI Woqy/s0TAap ’ 107 er71TeU

$}uajuU0D

44

OSTW dds
SLINSaY

HSN14 GND — pueulllop OT
SLANI

-sqasonbei yooaeds penenb pue ssaiboid-uTt [[Te szoqy
NOILONNA

‘()oIpues/()OICd 88S ‘*pueUMIOD sdOTAep prepue AS
SISdONAS

sq3sonber penenb pue ssezboid-ut [Te Woge —- ysn{Tq
AWN

YSNTJ/aoTaep ‘10}e17TeU

OSTW ddS

“PeIePTTRAUT SIequTOd soTASep pue yTuN YIM YAooTd ysonbeyo!l

SLTINSAY

yooTq ysenbeyo!
SLAdNI

"31q ebundxse ayy sj}es adTASdeSOTO ‘aS JOU ST 3Tq abundxe

pekeTeap ay} pue o1az 0} saob jYuNoD usdo ay} JI ‘pebundxe

ST aoTAdp ay} ‘eS ST 4Tq abundxe ay} pure Q 03 Ssaeoh

yunoos ay} JI “UNOS Usedo ay} SeoNpeT OSTe sdTASdeSOTO

‘aoTaequedo Zeyjoue TT}uN OL juaenbesqns butjueseid ‘quo!

au} UT SPTeTJ AOIASG OI pue LINN OI ey sezepTTeaAUT SsoTo
NOTLONNA

(3senbsyO!I )eoTASdesOTO
SISdONAS

soTASp TOZe7TTeU SY} OF ssao0o0e o7eUTULIS — BOTAVdESOTO
aWWN

BO TASMeaSOTO/a0TaAap ‘ 10zerT1TeU

45

“pueullod 34TIM
OS'TVY ddS

(ATuo osn [eur AUT)
sedeus yINou JO WIoJy pesserduioo — odeys
SJoZoUTT [Tu ut FYyYHTey YyANow — JYybTeEYy
(but[eos TOF suOop uUOcTSTATP)
L9°¢€/SiSUTTT TW UT YFPTAM YZnou — YPTA
*Jes SpTeT} duyol
SLTASAY

- qybTtoy
- UFPTIM
bs IOIAG OT
away GWO — pueuloD OT
3Zsonbei pest TOF WIOd shessou -— abessow OT

:IOJ Ydooexse ysonbezr o4TAM poezZeloosse

ey} worijy petdoo aaznqjoniz4s qi 107ZeATeU |Yy YT GUOoI

SLNdNI

oo Oo

‘Sen,Tea peurmnyerz ATsnotasid wory WUueTeJJTtp eq you

Aeu soedeys Yyjnouwl sy} eased Sty} UT Fey SION ‘Speer

ezow Aue ensst jou pTNoys su/s ey pue psYsTUT}F

sey ySsenber 33TIM oy} zeY SMOUY TJesn 3yR MOY

osTe ST STUL ‘ATOITa ue YATM Jasn ayy OF pouIN jez

oq [TTTH peer ayuq /ysoenbezr peer ayq se Tequmu 4tun

—opnesd ours 3y} YT onoenb yndut sdTasp ayy UT IO

sseiboid UT o3T1IM OU ST aTey} JI ‘“SeTT} Ty’ SYR VES

"quyOI peer oy} OF pTEeTF qr ojerTTeu ay} OFUT UO!

Jozerreu oyy HhutAdoo Aq opeu ATtsee st uoT}etToosse

Sty} ‘duOI (a3T1IM) TOReATeU e ST GYOI YRNOoU-peselt syy

UT a1N}ONAAS ASATJ SYR BOUTS “TTeoO adTAeqUedO 3YR

&q peubtsse requmu 3tun—opnesd sy Aq ysoenber 33TIM

e UTM poeJetToosse st Ysenber pear yoereq ~~ (pebueyo

sey buTyzeulos ueyam ATUO suUOpP oq OF but jepdn HutmoTtTe)

edeys peuinjzez ATsnotaeid ay} wWory AUeTeJJIp oq OF

posquezenb st peur jer odeys oyL ‘resn ayy OF soedeys

yQNou SUINJeT soTASp TOReATeU su JO pueUMIOD pedl dU
NOLLONNA

“OIpuss/OICd xeS ‘“puReUMIOD SsOTASp pTepue Ss
SISdONAS

@YTIM pe}etoosse
ue WoL} odeus YNoUu jUeTeJJIp }xeu eyy uINJoeT - peay
4WWN

peosy/aoTasep *r07erTTeU

OSTW dds
GYOI JO p[Tetj AOIIW oT se owes —- TOMA

(xew) $9 — osoUMTOA
oo¢ze — bezjdures
JJO — syyNow

OTeW — xoS
TeinyzeNn - Spoul
ZH OTT — Yo atd
SNUTW/SPIOM OGT — a3e1
-39S SPTSTF AYO!
SLINSAY
poesn jou — sbeT]

(pazTTeT}IUT eq YOU pseu) qyOI S,tesn ey} - ysenbexo!
0 eq ASnwW — TEequMN zTUN
,eotTAep AOReTTeU,, eq YSnu — sUeNSOTASpP

SLNANI

‘31q ebundxe pekeTep ey} sieeTo pue quo!
au} UT JaqQuTOd apou aoTAap ey} Se104S sdTASqUedO ‘AT[Teuld
‘STTeJep eTOUl OJ pueuUlod peat ay} ses ‘“sjsenbeT ajTim pue
peei butztuoryouds ut esn OJ quOI ey} OF Jequmu 4TUN—-Opnesd
e subtsse uay} eotasquadQ ‘“euop st usedo ey} Jaqje jes aq
4snul santTea ayy ‘sumed asay. OJ sonTea }[Nejep-uou asn oF
USTM SZIaSsN JT 3#eYQ SION ‘“GYOI OY JO SpTEeTJ ezeTAidoidde syy
UT Z@S are syynou pue ‘Aouenbezjy but{Tdues ‘epou yoqutd ‘yo ytd
‘aqe1l /xaS IOJ senTea W[TNejJed ‘“(aNOI) YOoOTA ysenbeyYoI s,azesn
au} SOZTTRTRTUT (eUO YsITJ ayy ysSNL You ‘suedo [Te ACJ auop)
aoTaequedo /}XeN ~*“(Sepoo UINjeT TOIT eTqtssod Io} saTtJ
T°’ pue y° oy oes) peurnjet st Torza ue ‘TTeFJ suotjeiedo asauy jo
Tayjyte JI “sreygnq oTzeWs S,ATeaATIp sey} azeOOTTe pue soTASp
otpne ayy uado 03 Aduez }e TTT eoTaequedo ‘pouedo useq sey
JOATIP ayy suUT} YSITF SYR ST STU JI °(4Ig9TUN GN) Tore ue
suinjei /orez—uou JT pue ‘Zequmu 3tuN ayy SYoeYyo eoTAequedo
‘QoTASp TOPeITeU ay} OF sseooe squeIb suTANOT soTaaequedo SUL
NOIZONN el

'(g ‘3senbeyYyol ‘0 /,e0TAep’1OZeIIeU,, )eTAequedOo = ATOIIE
SISdONAS

SoTAep 1ozeTTeu |yR uaedo — soTaaequedo
AWWN

uadO/adTAap ‘107 e71eU

c
a
~O

OSTW dds
SLINSAY

LYWLS GWO TO dOLS GWO = pueuMioD OT
SLOAdGNI

*“3zIe}s 03 AYsoenbexr penenb smoT Te pue
(Aue JT) yoosds satjoe ATAUeTZNS 9syA syIeRseT 4IeIS

“butzre,s wory sysenber penenb Aue sjueasid
pue (Aue JT) yooeds aatqoe ATAuerTImMS |9uyA syztTey doqws
NOIDLONNA

*()OIpues/()OICd aeS ‘“SpueUMICD asdTASp prepueqs
SISdONAS

dojs Taqzje asotTaep oy} sypIeSerT — yes
SoTASp oy sdoqzs — dos
WYN

dojs/q1e4sS/aotaap ‘107 e11euU

OSTW dds
SLTNSAY

LaSauY CWO = pueumloD oT
SLANI

‘peddojs useq sey 4I JT sotTaap sqzrTeqsoy

‘penenbua Io aaTqzoe ere Ady} TeyZoEyM sysenbel ojTim/peser [[Te sPIoqy

‘pezTTetT#tTuT eq qysnf sey 4T ybnoy} se aoTaaep ey} SszeseY
NOILONNA

‘()OIpues/()OICd eeS ‘pUueUMIOD sdTAep prepueSs
SISdONAS

aes UMOUY eB OF SOTAeP ey JoeSeT -— Jesoy
HWYN

Josay/ao0Tasp ’ LoJVeTTeU

47

SUTIM/20TASp *
*TeTTe1zed

dojs/ao0Taep

q71e4S/ea0TASp
*TaTTe1zed

sweiedgjzes/aoTaep

qoaesay/ao0Taap’
pesy/so0Taap °
ArIanO/soTasp*
*TeTTe1red

20 TAaquedO/a0TASp

USNTA/2OTASP *
BOTABG2SOTO/20TASp*
*TeTTe1red

ITea[D/aoTAsp

OLUTbeg/a0T Aap *
OI Hoqy/a0TAap *

[eT Te1zed
[eT Te1zed
TeTTe1zed
TeTTerzed
Te TTezed

TeTTezed
TeTTe1zed

Te TTe1ed
TeTTe1zed

$quUajUuOD

“UOTReAQUSUMDOP VsoOTASP OTPHY

“puewUods proy
OSTW ddS

*"perinoso AOIZe sy} eTeyM Hutaz,s yndut sy y

UT UOT}TSOd aYyA ST Ten}oW OT /(ATqGUOUd GN) 1OIZAe aueuoYUd e
Sa}eoTpuT epood uIN}eT 9uj JI ‘pessaooid ATTenqoe sem 7euR
Hutr3s yndut ey Jo yRhuET ey} OF Jos ST pTeETJ Tenqow OT
SUL ‘“AYOI 24} JO PTEeTJ TOG OT syW Ses UOTJOUNJ SUL

butz4s yndut Fo yyQbueT —

butaz3s yndut -

aLIYM CWO —

q3i0d abessou

ovTeuloy Jt

oTeu FT

epow oTzoqor FT

@poul Tem eu jT

apou yo3utd

youtd

a}e1 butyeeds

peer aq OF OTe SYyyNOU jI [

poeitsep ore syQnou ou jt oO

SYSeU UOT}OSTeS TeuueYyo OTpne Jo Aequmu
(pTety styz Jo uotTydTrzosep

IOJ uoT}eAUSUMDOP SOTASp OTpNe sas)
SYSeU UOCT}OeTesS TouueYyo OTpne jo Aerize

On Oe !

SLTNSAY

yybuey OT

eyed OT
pueulog OT
abessoaW OT

_ xo9S

Z @poul
2 yo utd
es ae

su nou
— syseul wu

— syseul yo
dyOI AO7FePATEN
SLAdNI

‘T 03 Jes

aq ysnu Jajourered syynou ay} ‘spear butop aq o 4
Hbutob aie noA Jt 3ey 2}ON “Tasn ayy OF adeys
yqQnoul TeTRITUT ue UMNO pue FT SAOURT T[TM 33TIM
‘onenb 4ndut sdTAep 3xy} UO 4ysenbseT pear po }etoosse
ue ST ar0Uu} JI ‘“Asenber yooeds ayy suzojsed

NOTLONN ed

*()oIpuaes/()OICOd 38eS ‘pueUMIOD sOTAaP prepUue AS

SISdONAS

SOTASp ToOJeTTeu ayy 07 Ysenber yoosds pues ~ 33TIM

WYN

94 1TIM/S80 TAaep ‘107; eT1eU

48

‘pswATdey ayy [Tzun peyroder eq 3,U0M SsiTOIIE O/I 3SOW
‘OoJezZ-UOU aq T[TM TOIIG ayy ‘/peTTey OTuTbeg ey} JI
-[[Nu aq [TTA Torq ‘/papsesoons OTUTbeg ey} JT —- ato1q4g
SLTINSdAY

-uado 3e SOTAad OT ORUT Ynd pue ‘4TUT
3e ATINg apou ,d0TAep’ TeTTezed,, eyz oO} TequTod ——- eponsoTtaep
‘SZajowered peitnbezr TayjO s,uoTZOUN; sy} se [Tem se
‘ssa00id 0} pueuUMIod OT UT UOTROUNJ pTTeRA e HuTuTejUOo
‘(uoTITUTjap/ezts IOJ T*TeTTered ses) BZTSIPdqyxXY OT
@ZTIS JO yOoTE ysenbey O/I ue oF dajutod —— ysenbeyot
SLAdNI

*butnenb

OdId PTA peTpurey ere sysenber aTdT3#INW “MOINS OI se Teaou
‘Xtsnouoiryoudse powrojied st ysenber a4TIm TO peer pTTea yY “euTynot
HswkTdow prepuejs ey} eTA peTeubts st uoT ze Tduo| ‘peqetduco jou
‘unbeq se TaTTeo ayy oO} uINAeT snyQ pue ‘/olUTbeq Aq pozeTFTUT Ajerzeu
aie SO}TIM pue spesy “MOINS OI se peuwtojied oq ued UOT OUNF 9yy
‘pajoajtes os JI ~*(sat}Tnutj}ucostp pejetoosse s}T IO) OTbOT
HutTpuey ydnizequt Aue uo puedep jou op pue ATsnouozyouds
peutojied aze suotjounjy ey} /384TIM XO pest ueYy} TISYAO “SsoTASp
TeTTezed ayy 0} apeu ysoenber O/I e sazeTATUT uoT}OUNF STUL
NOITDLONN4

sseooid O/I ue dn zreqs —— oUTbog
aNWN

OlUTbad/so0TAap’ TeT tered

‘O19Z oq TITM Zo11q ayy ‘/peTTey Woqy ey} JI * (jes
sbeTa OT JO G 31q) pe yogqe se pebbeTy eq [TM ysenber eyy pue (zZ-)

GALNOdY YNSOL¥# Sq TTTM ToIIq ‘pepsadons yLOqy eyy JT -—- IOI
SLTNSdY

‘peqrogqe aq 03 ST }#eyy YooTa AsbyoI ey oF ATezutTod —— qsonbayot
SLAdNI

-poaousr ATssatuted st 31t ‘penenb

ST 3senber eyi JI ‘“ATezetpoumt peddojs st 4T ‘aaTzoOe ST ysonber

au. JI ‘ySenber a4TiM TO peer peTjtoeds eyy syroqe uot youn STUL
NOLLONNa

qysonber O/I petytoeds ayy yroqe —- OI}toqv
aWWN

OI Mogqy/eoTaap’ TeTTezed

B - 49

uedo/a0Taap* TeTTeared
OSTW das

uadg Aq jes ‘apou aoTaAap oy} OF AejUTOd - epoNsdTASep
SLAdNI

‘agoTaap TeTTeied ey} 0} ssadoe aTeMzjos saso[o uoTIoOUNF sSTUL
NOILONNA

(SPONSOTASP ) BO TASdeSOTD
SISdONAS

y10d TaTTe1ed ayy asoTO -—— esOoTD
GWYN

DSOTD/20TASp’ TeTTe1red

auou —— 10119
STINSAY
YVATO GWO pueulllioD OT
aotaequedo Aq es 4tun OT
aotaaquedg Aq jes @oTAed OT
pezZzTTeTytTut yIOgATdey uu abessopy OT
LSANOAY OI

-(reaTO 0} Jayyngq ou) s,SLy ysn{ uot QouNJ sTUL
NOILONNA

Iajyjnq wrod TeTTered ayy aeeTo —- TeeToO
aANWN

IP9TD/aotTaAap’ TeTTered

B - 50

-OTaZ—-UOU aq [TTTM TOIIG ey} UEeYy} ‘peTTey uedo ayy JI

-T[Nu eq [ITM ToIIgG ‘pepsesdons uedoO ey} JT —- 10TIG
apou soTAep ey} OF AaqutTod —- od
SLTASAY
porzoubt — sbetj
iii @eZTISredq}zxXy OT azts Jo aq (ii) LSAW YOoT yYsenbayot ji i INWLYOdNI

(aaoqe NOILONAA ees) sbheTared OT Jo esn ALON

"euTqnor uedo ayq Aq

PeZTTeTFIUT aq 03 (uOTATUTJep/eztTs IOJ T° TeTTe1red ses)
SZTSILGIXA OT OZTIS JO YOOTG ysenboeyoT ue oF Ja yutod — Asoenbayot

pezoubt — 3tun
,2OTASP’ TaeTTezed, Hutrys TelSTT OF Tequtod - ouweured
SLNAdNI ‘olaz—uoU oq [[TTM TOTTG ey} ‘peTTesy YysnTA oyy FI
‘T[Nu aq [ITM 1OIIg ‘pepesoons ysnTA eYyz FT -- 4047g
-41un/aotaep TeTTezed suo ATuUO ST eTey} osnedeq SLINSAY
‘9 03 SPTeTF TUN OCT pue dOTAEq OT SY SEZT{TeTRIUT soTasquedo
HSN14 CWO pueUMOD OT
‘QoTASp ayy SeSOTO TeuMO ey [TQUN eotaequedg Aq jes 4tun of
peMOTTe ST sseooe Tay}O OU pue pejUeIb ST asn aATSNTOXe “jes aotaequedg Aq jes aoTAed OT
St (she[Tqied OT JO G 4Tq) Tq SseDDe-poereys eyz sseTun “sdTAep paeztTetqztur yzogATdey uu abessay OT
TeTTered ay} 0} sseooe aTeM}jJOS Toysenber oy} SMOTTe uoTIoOUNT STUL LSANOGU OI
NOILONNA
‘aoTAep [eT Te1sed
(sbeTy ‘qsenbeyot ‘ytun ‘ouweured)aotasquedo ayy Toy senenb YsenbeT a3T1IM pue peer 3A sobind uotjoun} STtuL
SISdONAS NOTLONNA
3z0d [TaTTered ey} uedo 07 ysanbezr e —— uado 410d [TaTTered ay} 10¥ sysenber C/I penenb TTe Testo -- ysnTd
aWWN aWWN

uedO/asotaap’ TaTTezed ysn{d/aoTaap’ TeTTered

ol

sueled}es/eotaep’ TeTTeied ‘olutbeg/aotaap: Tet Te1red

OSTW dds
"OTEezZ-UOU 9Oq [[TM TOIIG syy ‘poeTtey peoy ey jI

"T[TNu eq [T[T4 TOIIG ‘paposaoons peay oy} JT -- TOIT
SLTINSAY

-eqVep oy 3nd 03 sZeYyM TaqUTOd eed OT

UT peer JOM [TT}#UN SATAOSeT T[- 0}

yes JT TO ‘/aATadeT O03 STaRZORTeYO Jo Tequmu yybueT OT

peitsep pue aetTqtssod O/I yotnb JT YOINO AOI sbheTq OT

away dWo pueuoD OT

aotaequedo Aq jas 4tun OT

aoTaequedg Aq jes BOTASq OT

peztTetqtut yro0gATdey uw obessow OT
LSandodd OI

‘pebpetmouyoe jou st (jsaenber eyeyspuey *-a°T) ynduTt butpued ‘opew

useq sey ysenbez peer ou JI °(00xO ATJUeTAIND) pear st Jog ue

[Tqjun peer st yndut aseo yoTym UT ‘pesn ST [T-— ssatun ‘YyybueT OT

UT paTjtToeds st siajoezreyo Jo Jequmu ey, ‘1e4stTber O/I TeTTered

au} WOTT pee aq OF SiJa}OeTeYUO JO wWeatjs e sasned UOTIOUNJ STUL
NOITZDONNA

yiod [eTTered worj yndut pear — peoy
AWWN

peay/eoTaep’ TeTT ered

pearasol L-¥
T=99 TIM‘ 0=peort = €
a[bbo3 Asnq ut raejutad MOT Z
4no xzeded MOT T
peyoeTes rajutTid MOT 0
NOILONNAI dAILOW JLId Sn}e4s OT
SLTNSAY
(yo) AUYNO dWodd pueuoD OT
sotaequedo Aq jes 4tug OT
aotaequedo Aq 3esS BoOTAeq OT
peztrTetytut yrogATdey uu abessaw OT
LSANOFY OI
‘SsTaqystboer
pue seut,T wod TeTtTered ayy jo snzeqs ay} UIN}QeT UOTIOUNF STYL
NOILONNaA

snjejs out[/p_Iod TeTtTezed Azenb —— Arend
AWWN

Kianod/aeotaep* TeTTezed

O2

‘O1NZ—UOU Oq TTTIM TOIIG ey} ‘peTTejy sueregqes oyy jI
‘[T[nu eq [[tT AOIIG ‘papesoons swereg}es ay} JT -- AOA
SLTINSdAY

“Fos ST 4TQC ACOWAOY

ayy Jt ATUO adTAaquedO UO PeTIT} ST PTETJF STUL

( COLOEOEOEOPOATIGX °“6H°9) “Jos ST sheTjxred oT

JO 341Tq AGOWAON Jt ATUO pesn are SiOZJPeUTUTAL,

‘ONTeA PTTeA 3SsemoT/m AerTe ANNO TT[TJ ‘paesn

sieyo g uey} SSET JI “siaqoereyoO uoT}euTWIAR
jo Aer1e a3Aq-g poetsepi0c_bhutTpuscosap IIDSW AezAWWIaILd OT

“SATIOLUT
AerTeurse} ‘sseooe aatTsnjToOxe spTetA 0OX :ALON
U’TeTTezed iO T’TaeTTerzed ut uoTATUTJap ses sbe[Tqied OT
(O1eZ OF 28S 32q LSAW) T°TA UT pesn jou sbeTd3Xad OT
*uOTReINHT JUOO

qUuaTINO $,e0TAep TeTTered ay} yoeTyJer oF
uedo Aq peT{T} ete spTeTy HUTMOTTOJ ay + aLON

(60) SWWUWdLas dWodd pueuloD OT
aoTaaquedo Aq jes 3TuUn OT
adTAequedg Aq jes BOTASd OT

peztTet4tut yrogATdey uw abessow OT
LSaAnodd OI
(iiii) “NOILLONNA SWWYWdLaS AHL AT AINO GHONWHO 4d NWO SuaLaW

-WUWd UAHLO TIw “ATUO sT[eo soTasquedo 07 suTeyYIed sheT qos OT

JO 3Tq pereYUsS eyuL ‘sueredjas OF [Teo e ANOYWTIM JoeseT/jes

eq ued sbeTqies OT Jo 41q SpowjoyY syL “penenb 1oO aaTjoe o1e

Ssoqtim 10 spear Aue JT sebueyo MOTTeSTp TTT }I *“Wod [TaTTered

au} AOJ sIejoweized shueyo OF TaTTeo ay} SmMOTTe UOTIOUNJ STUL
NOILONN4

3ZIod TeTTeied ay} 10jJ siTajoureted abueyo -- sureiredzas
aWWN

sueiegj}as/aotaep’ TeTTered

‘OJezZ-—UOU eq T[TM JOIIG eu ‘peTTe}y jJesey oy} jI

‘T[nNu eq [ITM ToIIg ‘pepesoons josey ey} JT -- Tory
SLTNSAY

Lasau dWo pueullliod OT

aotaequedo Aq jes 4tug OT

aotaequedo Aq jes BoTAeqd OT

peztTerytut yogATdey wi abessoyW OT
LSanodd OL

“SeNnTeaA AZ[Nejop
our} dn—j0oq ATeYy} OF Siojouered pue sbheT} s,Wod sy} sjes
pue juezmos pue penenb yOG sqysonber O/I [Te SsWoqe RI *“uoTRTpuoS
peztrtetqytut ATysery szTt OF qi0d [TeTTezed ayQ sjeser uotT}oUNF sTyL
NOILONN4

qiod TeTTe1ed ayy ezTTeT#TIUTeT —~ jeseyY
GWWN

Jasay/ae0TAep’ TeTTe1red

B - 53

q1e3S/a0TAap’ TeTTerzed
OSTW days

"OJezZ—UOU eq T[TTM TOTIq 3YyR ‘peTTey doys sey} jI
“T[Tnu eq T[T TOIIq ‘pepesdsons doys ey Jt —- AOA

SLTNSAY
dOLs CWO pueullioD OT
aotAequado Aq jes 3TtTun OT
aotAaequedo Aq jes @oTAed OT
pezT[Tetytut yr0gATdaey uu obessop OT
LSanNOdY OI

‘aouenbes buTyeyspuey syy Hbutnutjzucostp Aq soTAep
TeTTezed eyA uo ARZtaAT}Oe O/I 4USeTANS |y sqzTeYy uoTZoUNF STUL
NOILONNA

jaiod [aTTered ayy uo ARtatRJoe WuerANo asned —- dos
WYN

dojs/aotaep’ TeTTered

dojs/eotaep * TeTTered

OSTW ddS
"O19Z-—UuOoU eq TTTM 1OIIG oy} ‘peT Tey WeIS ayy JI

‘[T[Nu eq T[TTM TOIITqA ‘/‘pepesodons 3ITeIS |YyW JT -- AOITIY
SLINSdY

LYWLS CWO pueuloD OT

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IedaTD/sotTasp: Tet19es
yeailg/aoTAep’ [TeTres
O[UTbeg/aoTaap’ Teties
OIMoqy/ao0Taap’ Teties
$s jue {U0D

B - 62

-OIezZ—UOCU aq T[TM TOIIG Sy ‘pEeTTey Yyeerg euyy FI

-T[nu oq T[ITM AorIG ‘pepesoons Yeertg ey} JT -—- AoA
SLINSHY

uot}dtz9sep eaoqe Jed yOINO OI 3eser/jes sbeTq OT

wwaud dWods pueulloD OT

aotaequedo Aq joes qtun OT

aotaequedo Aq jes BOTAN OT

abessayW OT
LSanOdd OL

poeztTetytut ywogATdey uu

‘oWe ‘LYWLS ‘dOLS ‘HSNTA

‘Iyogdw se yons spueumioo Tedoid ey} Y4TM suOoT UEe{UT Tey/sTYy

a}eUTPIOOS OF} TeTTeo ey} 03 dn ST WI “peqeTduico st uoT}einp

au} tajje [eubTs oy} SenuTAUOCOSTp ToeWT} oy} pue ‘TeTTeo

ayy OF SUIN}eET TOTRUOO ‘/ATEe}eTpSUMIT po TeRS ST Yyeoelq eyy

‘yas JOU ST 41qQ WudGHNENO euy JI “UIN} UT peyNndexe pue enonb

3soenbert—a3TIm ey Jo yoeq ey 3e peoetd st ysoenber oy} ‘YxooTW

ysonboy OT eu} UT jes ST sbeTqzes OT Jo 4Tq WuadgngNS ey FI

JI ‘penutjucostp Teubts oy pue yeser sT 3Tq ey. ‘ (SpuodssoIOTW

0000GZ 3Inejep ‘surezedjes eta aTqetjy{toeds—resn) uotzernp

e Io3jv “NOoNGW ber Jo 31q wudLuwn eyz butTzWes Aq

payst{duoooe st sTuL “Wood [TeTres eyZ yno (potied pepuazxe ue Ioj

MOT P[ey eUTT [etTies) [Teubts yeerq e spues UOT}OUNJ STUL
NOILONNA

SaUTT [TeTIes ey} Teao Teubts yeoriq e pues -- yeorg
aWYWN

yeolg/ao0Tasp’ [eties

‘SswATdey eu [TT}UN peyIoder oq 3,U0M sIOTIa O/I SOW
‘OlazZ—UOU oq [TTTM TOIIg euy ‘peTtTey Olutbeg ey JI
‘T[Nu eq [TTA 1o1TIG ‘pepeedons OTUTbeg ey} JT —-- 10124
SLINSAY

‘uodo 3e adTAed OT ORUT 3nd pue /4TUT
3e ATINq epou ,aoTaep’TeTIes, ey} OF TequTod -- aponesoTaep
“SZojourered pertnbez TeyAO s,pueulllod syy Se [TSM se
‘ssa00id 0} pueuNiIoD OT UT pueUMIOO PT[TRA e HbuTutTejuoo
/(uoTATUTJap/ezTsS TOJ T* Tetras 9es) @ZTSIOSAXY OT
aZTS JO yooTa ysenbey O/I ue oF Iayutod -—— ysenbseyot
SLNdNI

-aseo sty} ut ARTATROR ATq TeUubTS 1o HswATdey
OU ST aay, “AeTTeo ayy OF SUIN}eET 4T SsUTF 944 Aq pe jetduoo st
AZsonbez au pue pareaeTo jou ST beTjJ YOINO OI euy ‘’eseo sty ul
-ATezetpouut ysenbey O/I styy
AJst}es 03 Tayjnq yndut eyW ut ejep ybnouse Apeoeryte ST sTSYL -
sjisonber peer butpued ou ore sezSYyL —-
qes ST 31q WOINO OI -
:USYUM SGWEY TOF st
SojTIM pue speer jo but[Tpuey YOINoO-uou sty oF uot3daoxe ATuO syuL
‘butnenb OdIad eTA peTpuey oe sqsonbei eTdt3z [nw
“auTqQnor HswATdey prepuejs oy eTA poeTeubts st uotjetduop
*peqetTducs jou ‘unbeq se JaT[eo eyy OF UIN}eT SNYyF pue olutTbeg
kq peqetqtut ATezeul are soqTim pue spear ‘uoTjdeoxe |euo YIM
"YOINO OI se pouwrtojied aq ued suoT}oUNJ 9yQ ‘pe zoSTes
OS JT ‘a0uaH *(SaTJINUTAUODSTp payzeToosse ST IO) DTHOT
but[Tpuey—ydnazequt Aue uo puedep jou op pue Atsnouoryouds
poeutojzed are suotjounj ey} /24TIM TO pest UrY T9YAO “SOTASP
Tetras ay} 0} epeu ysonber O/I e sazeTATUT UoTZoOUNF STUL
NOILONNaA

ssa00id O/I ue dn y1e4s -- OlUTbeg
GWWN

OlUTbeg/a0TAap’ Tetras

B - 63

uadO/a0TaAap’ [Teties
OSTW dds

uaodo Aq jes ‘/apou soTAep syj AJejUTOd — aponesdTAep
SLAdNI

‘paerj St Jayjnq yndut s,a0Taep ay ‘buTsoTo
uodn ‘aoTAep TeTIes ay} OF SSsadDe oTeM}JOS SaesOTO UOT }OUNF sTUL
NOIDLONN4

(SPONSOTASP ) 9OTASG2SSOTO
SISdONAS

WIod [eties ey} ssOTO -- asOoTO
GWYN

BSOTO/soTAep’ [Tetras

‘Olaz—UOU aq [TIM IOIIG ayy ‘peTtTey AeeTD eu JI

‘[[nu eq [[TM 1oIIg ‘papesodons TeeTD ey} JT ~—- AoATY
SLINSAY

YWATO CWO PULUMOD OT

sotasquedo Aq jes 3tugQ oT

aotaequedo Aq jes @oTAeq OT

peztTetytut yrogA{dey uw abessay OT
LSaNOdY OL

‘sIaqutod rzeyjnq peer s,yIod [eTies ey} sjJesaet uoTJoOUNF STUL
NOIDLONN4A

Ssiajjnq yIod [Tetras ey} TeeToO -- Tee
GWYN

IeaTO/sotaep’ Tetras

64

‘O18z—uOU Bq TTTM TOITY ayQ /peTtTey uedo 3uy JI

“[[Tnu eq [TT 10TIq ‘pepesoons usedoO ey} JT —-- AOI
@pou soTAep ey} OF AeqjUTOd —- od

SLINSAY
pezoubt — sbeT]

(aaoqe NOILONAY ees) sbheTqreas OT Jo asn ALON

*aUuTINOT sdTASequedo ayy Aq

PEZTTRTFIUT aq OF (UOTATUTJaep/ezTs TOF y‘T Tetras sas)
@ZTISI9S}XA OT SZTS JO YyoOT ysenbayot ue oF Je juTod — ysenbeyot

pezoubt — 4tun
,@2OTASP’ Tetras, butz,s [Te19aRIT 03 AaqutTod — oswreures
SLNdNI

‘butuedo erojeq 31q AMIM/ 844 eS PTNoys sy ‘(Tooo }0Id SLY/SLO

9-ZEzZSuY ‘a'T) Hutyeyspuey oztm—-, WLoOddns of SjUeM TESN 3yy JI

-3tIuN/aoTAep [TeTies suo ATUO ST aTAaYR BsoUTS ‘0 OF SPTETJ TUN OT

pue soTAaed OT dy} SAZTTeTRIUT soTAaquado *(uedo aut, 4SsITJ

au JT ‘z[TNejep 1O) sanTea jUs.eT JsOoU ATEYy} OF peEZT[eT}IUT ore

SPTEeTJ OTJToeds_[etias [IW “eoTAep ayy Seso[O ToeumMO ayy [TUN

PAMOTTe ST SSsaeod0e Tey}O OU pUe pejUueIH ST |aSN DATSNTOXS ‘jas

ST (she[TqIes OT JO G 3Tq) 3Tq SsadDe-peteYys |Yy} SSeTUN “edTAep

[TeTias ayy OF ssaeooe aTem}jos Jeqysoenber ay} SMOTTeR UOT IOUNJ STUL
NOILONNS

(sbeTJ ‘qsonbayot ‘4Tun ‘/aueutas)d0TAsquedo
SISdONAS

yiod [ettes suy uedo oF Asenber e -- usedo
aWWN

uedO/a0Taap’ Tetras

-olazZ-—UOU eq TTTM orig eyy ‘peTtTey ysntTd ey JI
-[[nu eq [[TM 10zIg ‘pepesoons ysNTd eyy FT -—- Torry

SLTNSAY
HSNTd CWO pueunlo) OT
aotaequedg Aq jes 3tTug OT
aoTtTaequedo Aq jes BOTAed OT
poztTetytut yrogh{dew uu abessow OT
LSanodd OI

‘sqsenber aaT}OR Yooyye WOU T[TM YysNTA “aoTAep TeT4res
au} Toy senenb ysenbe 3eyTrM pure pest ey sebind uotjounsJ STtuL
NOILONNA

qiod [eties ey} 10J sysenber O/I ponenb [Te rAeeTO -—— ysn {A
SWWN

YsnTd/ao0 taep’ Tetras

B - 65

“OI9Z—UOU oq [TTM TOIIG oy ‘pelTey peey euy jI

“T[TnNu oq [[TA TOIT ‘papssoons peoy ouQ JT -—— AOI
SLTINSdY

ZJajyjnq peer oj} AsjUTOd eed OT

UT peeT (00X0)TINU [TTR}UN aATadeT [T- 03

jes JT IO ‘aATaDaT 0} SAdQTeTeYO JO ASequmu ujbueT oT

peitsep pue etqtssod O/I yotnb JT wWOINd AOI sbeTd OT

aqwau dwo pueulloD OT

as0TAequedg Aq jes 4tun OT

aotaequedg Aq jes BoTASd OT

peztTetqtut 3z0gA{Tday uw abessay OT
LSanOad OI

‘Iaysenber e 0} peyojyedstp oq ued AT [T}UN Aazynq ynduT

au} UT peToYsS ST ysenbez ou ST aay} YOTYM AOJ AndUL “peaTeoar ST

(oOX0)T[TNu ue [TRUN pee ST ANdUT ssed YOTUM UT ‘/psesN ST T[- ssaTuNn

‘uybue] OT UT peTytToeds st szaqyoezeyo Jo Tequmu oy, *“Wod [Tetres

au} UT pear aq 03 STaVZOeTeYO Jo weelr4s e Sesned uOoTIOUNJ STUL
NOILONNA

Hod [eties worj yndut pear -- peoy
aWWN

peay/eoTaep’ Teties

‘OIOeZ—UOU aq [TTM TOIITW ou ‘paTte}y usn{q ey} FI
‘T[Tnu eq [[TM T0oIIgG ‘/pepeadons AXond ey JT -— 10129

Siajoereyo Yndut peeruN JO juNCd Oo} Aes Tenyow OT

peatesot ST-E€T
peddO-x eatecser ybty el
peddo-x yTusuezz = =-ybTY TT
(4andut 3se7eT Se) peATedezT yeorq ubty OT

(4and3no jUuacer ySOUl) ZUeS Yyeo1mq ybty 6
MOTJ1aao Jayjng peer ybty 8 asw
Apesy [eutwzay eed MOT L
puss o, Apeay MOT 9
Zoajed Tete) MOT G
puss OL rTeeToD MOT y
Apeoy es ezed MOT €
peartesart MOT Z
pearesez MOT T
peatasar MOT 0 asl
NOLLONOS dAILOW LI SNAeAYS OT
SLTNSdAY
(wo) ANAND GWods pueumloD OT
aoTAequedo Aq jos 4Tun OT
-20Tasequedo Aq jes SoTASd OT
peztTTetqrTur yrogA[Tdey uu abessaw OT
LSANOdN OI

"Tenqjow OT UT uMOUS ST Tayjnq peer

S,20TAOp [RTIes eyj uT saqAq peerun Jo Jequmu ey “SsiTeysTber

pue souT{T 310d [etres ey} Jo snzej}s ayy suINjer uoTIOUNJ STYyL
NOILLONNA

snqeqs out{T/zI0d [etzes Arenb —- Arzand
HWWN

Artan0/aeo0 taAep’ Tet1as

B - 66

yo Aerzzre a3h4q-g perTaepr0O_-butpusosep TIOSW AerIWWUIaL OT
SPUOCDSSOYOIW UT TeUubTIS yeerq JO uoT YAINp OWT LYIG OT
(aaoqe [ 90S) *SoqzTIM GNW Speer AOJ oReT pneq pneg OT
“LSOT GYW YsdANG GIO GHL JO SLNALNOD °44
‘snuL, “peqzeooTTe eq Oo} suo pazts AT }OeTIOO
‘MoU e& pue PazeoOTTeep oq OF AeFjnq JUseTAND
ay} sesned aztIs Tayjnq ut aebueyo Aue :qLON
(pesn ou) shelTa}Xy_ OT
Jayjnq yndut jo sayAq ut yybueT ueTjngy OT
(owT} STYZ Fe pesn JOU YOV/ONT)
(ATaat}Oedser) SpTeTJ WOW’ ONI‘’ daOx’ NOX
au} AOJ saenjTea a34q Hututejzuco pTOMbuOCT e IeYUOTO OT
“uOoTReANHTJUCS ZUeTAND $,adTASp TeTASsS 9Yy WOSTJor OF
uedo Aq UT peT[T} ere SpTeTy HutmMo[TO} ey} -*ALON

(dox0) SWWUWdLas awods pueuRlod OT
aotaequedo Aq jes 4tuq OT
eotaeduedo Aq jes eoTAeqd OT

peztTetqztur yr0gATdey uw abessoW OT
LSanogdd O1

‘QuowUOTTAUS eATSsUejUT-—AeTdSTp

zo/pue Hutyseyry—tnu Asnq e ut sunizzZeao jo AAT{Tqtssod ey} pue
sqjuswertnber butdurejxs—oault} IGIW Jo esneseq ‘ajzetidoiddeut oq ‘TeAemMoy
‘Keul speet IGIW AJOJ ouoTe TJeATIp styy Hbutsn ‘peysttduoooe ATtTsee st
Solel IGIW 3e (eUTOJ IGIW UT ApeertTe s,}eyR) e}ep HuTATIM }eYR 2ION
"4Tq GeIavSIadx ey} jes osTe

[Tt gqIpDO00d dwu but#Wes ‘Teubts yeorq e Toy Hutyse} pue ‘’sjTq 8g

uey} TaujO sujbuaeT Jayorreyo ‘Hhuttpuey aqo-x ‘Aqtired Toy syosayo sdtyxs
stu ‘ATTeotytoeds ‘peeyraac pepssuun sseddq oj sbeTgqies OT Jo 3Tq
FINOOd GWU euz OS OF paysebbns st AT ‘IGIW unz 0} bHutAT} ore noA JI
‘pTeTty rorTq OT ey A ut Asngaeqd 1791S

ONTeA Sy UINJET [T[TM STY FeUR SION “SATIOR ST SOTASP

aU STTUM [Teo sureregjes e PTA paebueyo oq ued ey} Ta jzoureted

A[Tuo ay} ST 4TQ GH IaWSIGX eUuUL ‘peTqeuse y[nejep Aq ST AdOX—NOX
“AATTTqtzedwoo przemdn einsse

O} O10Z 0} OS oq LSNW pue T°TA UT pesn jou st she[q}xg OT

"@TS #SseeT Fe oq YSnuU UeTJNY

Ciiii) “GNWNWOO

sureiIegjes AHL AG AINO GHONWHO 4G NWO SUALENWYVd YAHLO TIV

"ST[Teo eotTAequedo ut pesn ore sbheTyiaes OT Jo sztq AYIML pue

GHUWHS eyUL “sueredjeas 0} TTeO e yNoYyWIM yooTq ysby OT ey UT
jeserT/jes oq ued SsheT Ares OT Jo sqztq WuaaEHnAHNS pue ACOWAOU SUL
“snotztqure od

Keu (ueqsks Asnq e uo AT{Tetoedse) gyze eaogqe O/I snouozryoudse
‘@ATSNTOUT pneq 000ZEZ Pue ZIT USeeMjJeq ST pneg OT IO} ynduUT PTTeA

:A[TTeotytoeds 330N
‘butpued 10
@AT}OR aTe SozTIM IO speoer Aue JT [Teo sureredjes e Joolor
TIT 31 ‘eTqestp/etqeue JAIOX-NOX 1IOJ Adeoxg “sdTASp TeTsz9es
eu IOy siejewerzed shureyo of TaTTeO ay} SMOTTe UOT}OUNF sTUL

NOILONNA

YIod Tetres ay} OJ sAajourered obueyo —— sureredjes

AWYN

sueleg}es/eoTtaap’ [Tetras

t~
©
J
Oo
-OleZ—UOU Oq T[TM TOITG oy} ‘peTtTejy Woesey oyy JI
‘[[nu eq [[T ToITG ‘poepesdons yesey ey} JT -- ory
SLTASHY
Lasau dWo pueuwliod OT
sotaequedo Aq jes 4tug OT
sotTasquedo Aq jes SoTASd OT
peztTTetqrut zrogA{Tdey uw obessay OT
LSanodd OI
‘yOOTq Zsenbeyot ey} UT sanTeaA Jejourered
yaset oy} seor—Td suoTjounjJ ey, ‘senTea 3[NejJep osutyz dn—jooq
ITeyy 0} sTeqjouezed pue sheTJ s,WIod oy} sjes pue ‘Teyjnq
pezts j[Nejap Mou e suTe}Iqo ‘Teyjnq yueTIMd oy} seystnbutTTer
‘yuazmmo pue penenb yWoq sqsenbez O/I [Te s}Ioqe I “uot ,Tpuco
peztTetatut ATyserzy syt 0} YIod [eTIes sy} s}eserT uoT oun; STUL
NOLDLONNA
yIod [Tetras ayR ezT[eTITuter —— jesoy
GWYN

Joesay/aoTAep’ Teties

dojs/ao0taap’ Tetres
OSTW dds

‘Olaz—uoU aq [T[TM TOITW oy ‘peTTey pyeRS 9A JI
‘T[nu oq [ITM AOIIG ‘papeeoons zIeIS 9eyA FT -— Ao1Ig

SLTNSAY
LYWLs GWo pueunloD OT
aotAaequedo Aq jes 3tun OT
aotaequedo Aq yes aoTAed OT
peztTertqrut yogATdey uu abessoy OT
LSanodd OI

‘AATaTqoOR QueTIMS 0} a zeTAdoidde usyM/jT ,,’SPTS Ano, OF NOX

TeoTboT,, e@ HutzAQTwuqns pur ,,/epTs Tey,O, ey} OF NOX ue butpues

Aq yod [Tetras ayy Uo O/I UeTAND [Te s}Ie,SeT UOT ZoOUNF STUL
NOITLONNA

qaod [Tetras ey Tao O/I pesned preset -—— pPIe YS
GWYN

31e4S/ae0TAap ‘ TeTres

‘OeZ—UOU Bq [TTA TOTIWG eYyA ‘peTTey swered}es oy} fI
‘T[InNu eq [TIM JoIZYy ‘pepssoons sureregjes ey} JT -—- AorzIy

“SATQAORUT
Aerzrwuray, pue Toooqord eatm—-¢ ‘/hutyoayo Aqtired

ou ‘peTqeue—JaO/NOX /Ssseooe aATSNTOXe spTeTAé

OOX 2eU} ALON ‘Seqenbs 4Tq TOJ Y’T*Tettes ses

(, => UaeTpesy JI spear AOJZ poetytoeds

aq ued g ’Teulmou [) s3tq doqs Jo zZequmu

" " » (8-T) pom azTim ut sztq Jo tequnu
Ajtied Hbutpnptout jou (g-T) piom peer UT sqztq jo requmuU
( COELOLOEOEOPOAZTSX ‘°b'e) “Jes ST sbeTj1es OT

JO 31q aGOWAOd JT ATUO peYOoyo ere srOzJeUTUAL

“ONTRA PTTeA 4SemoT/m AeTIe Ano [TTF ‘pesn

Ssreyuo g ueYyy SSeT JI ‘SsTejoereyo uoTtzeutTuse}

SLTASAY

sbe[qies OT

S3tqdojs OT
Ue@TSRTIM OT
usTpesy OT

B - 68

sueiregjas/aotaep’ Teties ‘Oo[UTbeg/eoTAep’ Tetras

OSTW duS
-O1NZ—UOU Sq TTTM TOIAG syW ‘peTtey o3T4AM 9Uy FI
-[T[TNu aq [[TM ToITWG ‘/pepesaoons o4TIM ey JT —— Torr
SLTASaY
jTusuer} OF eJep JO YOOTG OF ATaquUToOd eyzeq OT
aojjnq UT pereqzunooue [[Nu TTIuUN ATusUeT T- OF
qos JT TO ‘3TwsueITZ OF SXTaZORTeYO Jo Tequnu yybueT OT
pertsep pue etqtssod O/I yotnb JT eS WOINO AOI sbeTd OT
ALTIUM CWO pueullioD OT
sotTAequedo Aq jes 4tun OT
sotTAequedo Aq jas aoTAed OT
pezt[Tetytur yrogA{Tdey uw ebessoW OT
LSANOFY OI

‘pezezunosus st (00x0)TInNu e

[qtjun jues st 3nd3Zno seseo YyoTYM UT ‘pesn ST T- sseTun ‘yqbueT oT

uI peTJToeds sT sZeqjorrTeyo jo Aequnu sl “yI0d [Tetras 3uy

4no Uez3zTIM eq 03 SZeqZOeTeYO Jo weor}s e sesneo uoTIOUNZ STUL
NOTLONNA

jaiod Tetzes 03 Yndj}no puss — 9 3TIM
GWYN

O}TIM/a0TASp’ Tetras

31e4S/a0TASp’ TeTIes
OSTW dds

‘oIaz—uoU eq [TTM TOIIG oy ‘paeTTey dojs euy jI
-T[nNu eq Tt ToT ‘pepeasons doys ey} JT -- ro01yY

SLTNSAY
dOLS CWO pueuoD OT
aoTaequedo Aq 3es qtug oT
sotasequedo Aq jes BOTAOd OT
peztTetyrut wogh{dey wi abessow OT
LSAnogd OI

‘AZTAT}IOR Quen 03 aReTAdoidde usyM/jT ,,‘SpTS aN, OF »AdOX
TeoTboT,, e butAytwqns pur ,,/epts Ty AO, e474 OF AAOX ue butpuses
Aq y0d [elles ey} uo O/I yuezAINS TTe szTey uoTZouNZ STUyL
NOLDONNA

yIod [TeTiIes ey} Teao O/T UEATINS [Te asned —— dos
GWYN

dojS/a0TaAep’ Teties

B - 69

sond
OSTW dds
SNOT Lddoxd
-soanjonid4s Teast} 0} STaQUTOd -- aDINOS /4Sed
SLOAdNI
‘pebueyoun 3JeT oq TTTM TW pue ov
(seq <— aornos + 3seqd) UOCT}eUTASep ey} UT peTOJS aie Ssz[Nser
auL ‘“TeyZoue OF eAN}ONTS TeASUITZ 9UO Sppe SUTINOT STUL
NOILONNA
OW TW OW
BoTAep Tout} /( aomosg ‘’4seq )SUTLPPY
SISdONAS
ZJaujoue 0} ySenboer ouUIT, |BUO ppe — SUTLPpPV
AWYN

SUT LPPW/eoTASp ‘ TeuTy

AWILLSASLAS UL/SOTASp ‘ TeuUTR
AWILSASLAD UL/SOTAep " TewTA
LSANOANddY UL/e0TASp * TowTz
SUT LNS/a0 TASp * Tout

auT Ldup/e0TAep * TeulT 3
punorbyoed/a0 TAap * TaulT 4
SUT LPpv/20 TAep ‘ TeuIT
sjua3}U0D

B - 70

*peqizoddns are
uostiedwoo pue ‘/uoT}JOeTAQnS ‘UOCTIIPpwY ‘“SeanjonzySs T[eASUIT
butjetndtueu roy ore AOUL “ST[eO exTT-AreqmqTyT ‘3oeATTp se1yy

sqioddns os{Te JewTz ayy ‘/STTeO aoTASp Teutou sy} OF UOCTITppe UI
AUWAdI'T

‘(azouU IO puooss Z/T
At[Teotdk}) aurz jo spotied Hhuo[T TOF Hut Tem ere oYyM asoyy
Aq pesn oq prnoys pue ‘asn 0} deoeyo ST Tout} aul

song ‘(pue[ IWd UT SpuocoesotOTU 00002 IO) SpuoosesorTOTU 1999T
A[Tuo Jo uotyNToser e sey 3ynq ‘sauUTTZ Teao oTqejs Aaa ST
OSTW das 41 ‘3dnzzezUT yUeTq TeoTzIAEA |YyR Aq USPATIP ST TUN STUL
MNWITdA LINN
SNOT Ldgdoxd

‘queored SATS UTYFTM OF oQeINooeR ATTeoTdAR sT TouUTQ SUL
qInserz -SoseeIOUT peoT weqsAs se QJTIP TTT ynq ‘spuocossotoTu

@o0INOS uUey SUT} eTOCUI sey Sed JT T+ =
eomnos ueYy SUT} SSeT sey 4Seq FT T- = #[nse1 Z ynoqe 0} uMOp uOoTSTOeId sey FI “owt SzT Jo yorzy
goanos se owt} owes oy, sey 4Sed JT QO = #[NSseT dasy 0 0ZSG8 euQ UT ZeUWT eTqeumerboid e sesn 4TUN STUL
SLINSaY ZHOMOIN LINA
‘“semmyzont4s TeASWT OF SIaqzUuTOd —— sdIMOS ‘seq ‘uOTANTOSeT peyTuTT ATuO sey 3ynq ‘aUITF AeAo eTqeys Alaa St
SLNdNI ‘peayzraao weqshks eTAATT sey ey} TeujO ey ‘a zeIModoOeUT
43nq estoaid st 3ey} suo —— sqTuUN OM} SUTe UCD TOUT, SUL
‘pebueyoun 3JeT eq TIT Tw pue ow S.LINN
“SeINJoNAAS TeASUT} OM} SeTedwod SUT NOT STYL ‘UOTTTTu aUuO pue CQ UaeMjeq oq YSN paombuocT ey ‘/‘5b’a
NOIDONNA ,{peztTeutou,, oq sAemTe Ysnul SpucdesoTOTU eYyL “SpuodesoToOTU FO
Jequmnu [eUCTIOeIJ ayy ST 193zWeT SYA ‘Spuodes Jo Jequmu 9yy
OV TW OW ST 4SITJ OYL ‘SpXOMbUOCT Om} JO S}STSUOD BIN ZONTAS TeASUIT WV
SoTASp ’Teuty ’( somos ‘’4seq )outIdup = 4ITnsez TWAAW IL
SISdONAS
‘aanjoniz3s Teaoutz e Aq peEeMOoTTOJ
Soeinjoni4s [eAsUT} OM} aTeduioo — sutydup ysonboyor ue sey 3I “~3Ssenbey OI pzepuejsuou e ST ysonbez aut} W
GWYN LSaAnNOdd YAWIL

oUTLdup/a0TaAap * Tault3 punorbyoeq/a0 TAap * TeulT}

B- 71

yun utequoo [TTA out} 13
SLINSdAY
A[det [TTA TatAp su
[tjzun Huot moy Ajftoads oimjonr,s Teast} e out} 23
STqeeoTTe WOINS AOI sbeTa OT
LSanoaUudqw UL pueuoD OT
aotaequedo ut rewty Aq joesead 3tTun OT
soTAequedo ut zrewtqz Aq Aosard aoTAed OT
poeztlTetqzrut yzrogATdey ui abessopW OT

LSanOsdd YW

"O19Z OF UMOP SqUNOD JSUT |YyA UeYyA Iesn

ouy 03 yorq ebessou oy ATder [TT pue sysoenber

IayjO ST yQTA Asenber sTyy uTeYo T[[TM ASeUT SUL

‘ouT} JO WZUNOWe peTytoeds e JJO AuNoCdD OF JaUITR OUQ SYXSV
NOILONNA

SUT} SUT OF FSenber e yTuqns — LSaAnoaNddW UL
aWWN

LSSNOFNdGY UL/eOTASpP * TeuUITA

sond
OSTW ddS
SNOT LddOxd
-Somnjondys TeAsUT} 0} STaQUTOd —-— sdIMNOS ‘34Seqd
SLAdNI
‘pebueyoun 3jeT eq [IT [TW pue OW
(3Sseq <— aommos — 4Seqd) UOT}eUTASAap 2eYy} UT peToO JS ere Sy[Nser
auL ‘“Teyjoue worJ aeamnjonIASs T[eaoulT} suo syZoeTRZQns sUT NOT STUL
NOTLONNA
OV TW OW
SoTAep’reutT3 ‘( somos ‘3sSaq )eUTLqns
SISdONAS
Zeyjoue wory ysoenber suit} euo yoeTWQnS — sUTLqns
GWWN

aUT.LqnS/a0TAap * aut}

B - 72

aUT} weySsAS jUeTINS 3A oF
YTM UT PEeTTTF eq TTT sanqonz4s T[eAoUT oY F ouT} 23 ms
SLTINSAY cD
auO0U eTqemoT {Te WOINO AOL sbeTd OT
SLINSaY LSandaudaw UL PpueUnIoD OT
aotTaequedo ut reut3 Aq yeserd 3tugq OT
SUIT aotTAequedo ut zewt} Aq jeserd SOTASd OT
we sks juezmo ayy YIM einqjoNIAS TeAduUT e out} 13 pezt{TerTytut ywodATdew uu oabessow OT
STQeMOTTe WOINO JOI sbeTaq OT LSANOdU YWAWLL
LSANOANdGW UL pueuwioD OT
aoTaequedo ut xreuty Aq yosord 3tug OT ‘HutjZeederzun pue enbtun st oeut} weyzsks ey} JO onTeaA UIN}eT SYA
adTAequedo ut rTeutTy Aq yosead BoTASd OT ‘Kem sty} UI ‘ST 4T oUT ZeEYM Syse suOSWOS suUIT ATeAD
peztTerqturt yodAtdey uw abessow OT pebueyo ST 4T ‘UOT Tppe UI ‘“TeATequT HbuTyueTq TeoT EA
LSanOsdd YAWIL ayy Aq yUeTq TeoT TEA AToAS pojUSUETOUT ST SUT} SUL
-(Spiemyoreq dUIT} ey Sj}eS suUCESUlIOS JT 4Wdaoxe) enbtun aq 0%
‘butseazout ATTeotTuojZouou Huteq se petjtoeds st poajueienb pue butseezout ATTeoTuC JOUCU ST SUIT wWeySdhS
ouT wexSkS ‘“SpTeMyoeq dsUIT} OY} HuTIWeSs USYyM
uayxe} oq PTNOYS sTeD ‘TSAeMOH “SUIT ,, [eeT, SY} OF PTeMIOFJ ‘[TT@O AWILSASLYS UL
}T 20S 073 SJes ST AT OS ,,OTOEZ,, SUTR Fe YNO SsjzTe WS SU} PTA pezTTetytTut oq Aeul 4nq uo-ZTaemod ze oOTeZ je
wo3shs oyL “ST 3T SUT} }eyM Jo eaepT s,ue ISAS ay} SOS sqieqs owt} we3xsks oyL “ST 4T owt} }eYyM ToeUT SY} S{SW
NOIDLONNA NOTLONNa
aut} weqsks ay} 32S -- AWILSASLES UL ouT} we}sks ay} web —— AWILSASLED UL
GWYN aAWWN

AWILSASLAS UL/SOTAep * TSuTR AWILSASLAD UL/POTASp * ToulTy

Appendix C

Resource Summaries

This appendix contains summaries for system resource routines. Resources are software entities
in the Amiga kernel software that enable cooperating tasks to gain exclusive access to certain
parts of the Amiga hardware. There are four resources in the Amiga system:

disk allows access to one of four possible disk units.

cla allows you to access specific bits in each of the Complex Interface Adapters.

There are two cia resources: ciaa.resource and ciab.resource, corresponding to the
first and second 8520 in the system. See the software memory map in Amiga ROM

Kernel Reference Manual: Exec for the definition of the bits controlled by each
cla.

potgo manages the bits of the POTGO register.

misc manages the serial and parallel port register bits.
Each routine for resource management is outlined in the summary sections that follow.

Note: Resources need be used only if you are attempting to use the associated hardware
directly. The system software routines use these resources internally when they perform
hardware operations. Tasks that also use these software resource controls will be compatible
with Exec and the system software.

To use the routines listed for the resources, you must first open the resource and assign the
value returned to a specific base pointer name. Here is a list of the resource names and their
associated base pointer names. Like names for libraries, their names are null-terminated strings:

Resource Name Base Pointer Name

potgo.resource PotgoBase

disk .resource None provided, for assembly-language
programmers only

misc.resource None provided, for assembly-language
programmers only

claa.resource < user-defined >

clab.resource < user-defined >

Some examples follow.

struct Library *PotgoBase;

PotgoBase = (struct Library *)OpenResource(” potgo.resource” );
/* then use the routines provided */

/* <user-defined > example */
struct Library *myCiaPointerA;

myCiaPointerA = (struct Library *)OpenResource(” ciaa.resource” );

/* then utilize myCiaPointerA as one of the explicit parameters
* for the C language calls to the resource routines. */

WIFPs
OSTW dds

‘ueu BbButtqeue oj s0Tad xypr3es UQTA sydnasequt

Hhutpued eyj szeeTo 03 quem Aeu nox ~° (pelTqeue st este

BHutTyQAseae JT ‘ST ZeUQ) AdnaszeqUuT uosseooiud ejeTpeuMIT ue

@SNeO TIT AdnaseqjutT Hbutpued e 403 yseu ey BbuytTqeug
SNOI Lda oxa

(g0x0) HIeTay
:qdnauzequT juod [etTues eTqestg
(eexo) HOIETav
:sqdnizequT AeutT, yAOq eTqeug
(0) woIeTay = Asew
:4Seu QUeTINS eyQ 48D
SAU TdNWXd

‘zojoureted [[NuU e UATM UOCTROUNJ eUQ [Teo ‘sehueyo
HuT yeu ANouRTA ASeu QuSetzinos euA 7eHh oJ ‘sebueyo
peysenbei euj eu0jeq seu eTqeuse snotTAseid ey - ASeWPTO
SLINSAa

eounoseyuedg 0} [[eO EY WoOrj peuTe qo
SW SO.MOSe1‘qeTO AO SoUNOSe' eeTS 03 ueqUTOd - sounoOSse1A

‘WI OZSE UT SESOYR OF TeOTJUEpT ere suoTRTSod 4T¢_
‘petTqeue oq 02 sqdniseqUT sejeoTpuy »seu
eu ‘38S STL AFA FI‘ peTqestp eq 03 sqdnis8qUT
SOREOTPUT HASEU SYR ABSTO ST 4 ATA JI “pets Tpoul
eq 03 sydniteqUT YoTYM HbuTZeoTpuy yAsew ATq eB - xseuUl
SLNANI

‘Seu STqeue snoTAeid ey suAnjet AT ‘uOTATppe UI
‘sueqstTBbe1 TosquoS Adn4zszeAUT WID 07S8
Bbuttqestp pue Bbuttqeue jo sueeu e septaoud uot joOunj STUL

NOILONNA
od ow od
(seu ‘eounosey) WIETaW = ASEWPTO
SISGONAS

sqdnisz6eqUT YI eTqestp/etqeue -- Weta
aWWN

Wietqy/sosnoset* eto

soAnoset*
aouinosest*
sounose4

soiunoset"
eoiunoset"

eoiunoset’
oo Anoset
so INnoset*
soAnoset*
Seoiunoset"

soAnoset’
eoumnoset"
eaoAinoset’
soAnoset*

obj0d
obj0d

-obj0d

OSsTul
ostTu

4STP

">ASTP

STP
STP
STP

eTO
eto
eTO
eTO

0630g23 74M
Sit gq }OGee.1g
SITEIOGOOTTW

SOANOSEYOS TPS)
SO ANOSEYOSTpect J

4TUNeATS
ar3tunze9
3Tun eg
4Tunee13
ATUNSOT TW

WIS
A0F0SAWTUPY
A0FZ5SADIPPY

WIP lTaW

$s ]UejU07

40}028AMDIPPW
OSTW agS

LINSAa

eoinoseyuedg Oo} [T[TeO SUA Worj peuTeqqo
se Qo1NOSe.' qeTO Ao ed1NoOSe1*eeTO 03 sejUTOd - eo.1NnOSse.
eunjonsys AdnasequT 03 sequtod - Adnas98 jut
(v°°0) 3eS 03 sequmu 3Tq - TEUOT
SLINdGNI

"ATqQ WI
UeATH sy J0J Adn1s4E8AUT VID EU STGeSTp COSTE TITM UOTIOUNZ STUL

“WI WID S44 JO AIG
qdnsse3uy szeTnot zed e 10J epoo Butsseooid AdnisejUT YOoeUUCOSTG

NOILONNG
TW od OW
(adnaszeqUuT ‘ATaUyOT ‘eo4unose.) 1070eAyD [WEY
SASGONAS

ATq VID & wWo1y szeTpuey ydnisszeqUT Ue YORjep -- 1070eADUEY
aWWN

10} 98AY) TuRy/seo0-moset’ efo

A070EAMOTUSY
OSTW aaS

‘eanqjons3s Adnazsz08eqUT ASUMO jUeLINS et OF
Jojutod e sumjei esTMieyjO ‘[TNjsseoons J} O4ez - qdn1198 ut
LInsda
eooseyuedg 02 [TVS SUR Wo1z peuTe Ado
Se so.MOSeA’qeTO 10 ed.Moset‘eeTO OF 4SqUTOd - soinose14
eunjonsys AdnaszequT 03 Aequtod - Adnssequt
(p°°0) WES 03 sequmU 37q - 3TaUT
SINdNI

“3TQ WI
UsATH eR 40J Adns1z8eqUT VID SU} STGeue osTe [TFA UoF OUNZ STUL

‘peuinjet st [[Nu e ‘’speeoons WT JI *qQdn1s8eqUT AeUuMO eyQ OF
JejutTod e uanjei pue ‘TTeJ [TFA uoTQOUNZ STUUR ‘poubtsse
ueeq Apeeite sey 47q Adn4aszeqUT SYA JI “WI VID S43 JO ATG
qdnisz98e4UuT se[Tnot ued e oj epoo ButTssecoud ydnazsequt ub tssy

NOTIONN4
TW od OW od
(admasz8eqUT ‘ITET ‘SONO1SE1) A0VOSAYDOIPPW = qdn1z108 Ut
SASdGONAS

Tq WID & 03 seTpuey ydnss]eqUT Ue YoRRRe -- 41029eADIPPV
aWWN

10208AW I Ppy/eo4noset* eto

sond
OSTv das
SNOILdaDxXa
SIN[TeJ uo O4eZ ‘[Njsseoons Jy OAezuoU -- SseoonNs

SLINSAY

(ee.2143 YSnoszyQ o10z) sequmu ytun TebeT e& -- umMNQTUN
SINGNI

-(aTUNIeD eTA) ASTP eyQ aesn 03 HBuyA1tQ SAojeq pet Tes oq

pInoys 3I ‘HSTp eu jo sqztun ayQ jo euo saeqReooTTe Sut ANA STU]
NOIZONNA

OV od od

sounoseyyq ‘( umyQtuN )3TUNOOTTW = ssedons
SISdONAS

ASTP Sy JO RFUM e& |REOOTTeS - ATUNSOTIV
WYN

3TUNSOT Ty/eo4noset’ ASTpP

WIFlTAwW
OSTW das

‘qadniuzeqUT eqeTpoumy ue
@SNeo TITA Adn4sszeAUT peTqeue ue 403 47q AdnaseqUT Ue But} eg
SNOILda9oXF

(g0x0) wD12eS
:4ydn1szeqUuT AZuod [eyues uee[D
(0) wes = ASeU
:yseu AdniszeqUT eI 3e49
ST IdGNWXA

‘zeQjourer1ed [[NU e UATA
uoT}OUNJ eu [Teo ‘seHueyo BHbutoyew ynouAta snqjeqs
quetuno e[dures oy ‘seHueyo peysenbe. eyQ Sbuyp>xeu
e1ojeq snjeq4s 4seqystTbe1 ydnssejuyT snotAead ey - %SeWPTO
SLINSTA

sounoseyuedg Of [Teo euA worz peuTe jqo
Se SOUNOSe.'qeTO 10 BomMoset' eeTo 02 AequTod - so.unose4

WI 0ZS8 UT SSoUQA 03 [TeOTRUSEPT e1e suOTRTSOd 4Tg

"pesneos eq 09 sqdniueqUt sejeoTpuT seu
eu ‘28S ST L AFQ JI *3eSe4 Oq 03 SQdN41I10QUT
SOREOTPUT HSeU SQ weelTS ST 4 ATA JI ‘“pesneo
eq 03 sqdnssequT yoTyM Hutzeotpuy yAseu 4tq e - seu
SINANI

‘sueqsTbe1 [osaquoS AdnaszeqUuT WID 0zse Sut tdues
pue ‘Hbutsneo ‘Hut Rese1 Jo suecul e sepyAoad uoT oun sty]

NOILONN4A
0d OW 0d
(sew ‘eo.moset) DHIISS = ASEWPTO
SISdONAS

Sqdn11e3UuT YAOI STawes pue ‘4seelo ‘esneo -- YIIS
SNVN

WI17eS/seosnoss4* efo

Sond
OSTW dgaS
SNOT LdaoXS

‘peusmnjeit ST [[Tnu e ueyQ ‘Asnq st HSTp
2u3 JI ° (epew ueeq evey Aew seHueyo etqemottTe Aue ue
‘IT pesn sey este euoceulIos Jy ‘S4eqsTbea ay jo Aue
pobueyo sey euo ou ue ‘4tesn yse[ eyQ e4emM NOX JI)
"SuaqsTbei SOTASp JESe1 OF SpeoUu ASATAP © JT ses
03 pesn eq Aeu sty, *peuanjeit ST ASTp ey esn OF

3Tun 4seT eyQ ueyj ‘Asnq jou sft xSTp ey} JT - ASATAQISET

SLINSAY

03 pettde1s eq o3 Apeai ‘ehessaul pT[ea e& oq
LSNW @eanjon4z4s ey Jo peTTj ebessour oy jeu SION
‘9injonsz4s 4TUN sounose1 HSTp -anoA 03 sequTod e - a3qQTuN
SINdNI

-a4e4s TeuTHT40 03 eu0ojse1 -- she1i uoTOSeATp eep 07S8
“sounose1r oy Aq eATAOeUT OF eS
eq [ITA S3Tq [Te esneceq ‘zej}eU Z,USeCp -- syndjno 07¢e
GalTavSid -- 3dnasejuT xepuT so4Anose1 VID
GalavSid uwqog -- s3dnasequtT xOoTq »sTp pue ouAS HSTp: euejue
quem noX Aem Aue -- sitq ASTp uocon7pe
(ueTIsp O02 JTaOWNMISGH# & O3F4M) FIO YTQ eup ue [ASP
NO 37q eup ucoeUp
:aze3s BSUTMOTIOJ eu UT ASTP ey eAeeT eseoTd ‘euop exe nod uSeyM

-(‘oJ@ ‘petqeue sqdnisequtT Hutaeet jou Aq pue ‘uPA Hut AoeTes
4Zeaseu Aq) szyuN steyQO ey OF BRTTOd eq eseeTq ‘Wey, JO SUO Atuo
exe noA /HxSTp ey OF SATUN uANojJ S4e SuSE WeUR 4eASMoYy JSquEUSYy
‘seounoset S,ASTP ey esn oj NoA SMoTTe ASTp eyy HuTWeoolty

*37uUn{~eO

eu 4dueqjees ueyy Aew nox ~* (bswATdey eta) noA 03 xOeq Ques
ST 4sequTogytun anof ‘aetqetyeae sf yt ueyy “eTQeTTeae st
ASTP EUW [TRUM peaes st ysenbe1 eyQ so ‘eTqetTTeae ATeVeTpoUMT
AOURTS ST JI ‘ASATUP e& OF ASTP SYR So ReocoTTe Sup Ano’ STU]

NOILONNA
OW TW od
eomoseymyd ‘( zequTOgATUN )QTUNIeD = AEATAGASET
SISdONAS

ABA IP © OJ ASTP EU EReOOTTeS - 37UNIeED
aWWN

FunIeD/so.mMoset’ ASTp

Sond

OSTW das
SNOILdaoxa
SLINSTa

(ee2yR YbnosQA o1ez) szequmUu 4tUN TebetT e -- umyNQtun
SINdNI

‘(weqshs ysTp ey yseso ATqeqoid [TTA

nok -- uoT}0e 041d ou sft e10yQ) ASTpP eyA eZeooTTe AT[NJsseoons ou
ptp noA JT AF [Teo Rou OQ “ASTP SUR UTM SuUOp USYM pEeTTeo oq
pInoys 31 “ASTP SYR JO SATUN SYA Jo SUO SEeReoOTTeSep SUT INOA STU]

NOILONN
ov oa
eoimoseyyd ‘( umyyTun ) yTunee.1g
SISdONAS

ASTP EUR SPEOTTeep - 4TuNee.1g
aWWN

ATupse17/e0mose.t* YSTp

sond

sond
OSTW das OSTW dds
SNOILdaDXa SNOILdaDxXa
SLINSAY ‘O[TJ Spn[ouyT eo.mose1 ey UT peUuTsep
ere sedk psepuejg ‘“eATIp STP eR Jo edAQ ey -- edAQpT
SINdNI SLINSTA
-wouy AjTRou [1TH Ay ‘HuTjyea ese sssyjO JI SINANI
“AT UTA SUOP ST 4eATAP & 4eqze ASTp SY Seo4j SUTANO STUL
NOILONN4A NOILONNA
OV OW od od
somoseyyd ’ () 3FUNSATO eo.moseyyd ’( umyatun )qr3tunzeo = edAQpT
SISdONAS SISdONAS
ASTP SYA Se4q - FPFUNSATO eteu ANo st »ASTp Jo edAQ JeyM Ano puTZ - QIFFUNISO
AWWN SWWN

ATUNeATO/eoANoset* HSTP dI3FuNeO/sozMose.t* ASTP

sond
OSTW dds
SNOILda9X4a

‘pouinjet ST [TTnu useyA ‘seouj
ST SOunose1 sy JI ‘peuanjert ST wesn Queszund eA
jo sureu oq ueuyq ‘Asnq sft sounosert eu JT - 4AespjuUesind
SLTINSTA

(-::ut passed st [[nu jo soureu e JT yNo sxeeiq OoAeY)
‘aounose1 e HuThboy st ezeaqjos jo soetd eum
3no eunBTj 4zesn euQ djTeu [TIT Fey sureu OTUOUeUUT e - SureUu
@,eEooTTe 09 Quem NoA so.mose1 sy JO szequMU eYyA - UMNITUN
SINGNI

euTANOA AdnaseqUT Ue Wory peTTeo eq jou Aeul euT No’ STU]

- (peReoOTTe AT Sey ouM ses ued Jesn e os)
SouN0set OU UQTA peqeToosse st oweu unod ‘47 3e6 op nok JI
‘peuinjet ST tore ue ‘pezeootTtTe AT IUes1No ST Ssounosei eA JI
"SSOAUNOSSL SNOSUSTTSOSTU eI, JO SUO SE ReEooT[e euTyAno1 sTUyL

NOILIONNA
OW TW 0d 0d
sounoseyyg ‘( sweu ‘umyQtuN ) eounoseyosTWASD = 4Ae@sSf}USe+AND
SISdONAS

SSOUNOSS1 OSTU SUA JO UO |SReEOOTTe - SounoseYyosTWAeD
ANN

BOANOSEYOSTWASD/seo41noset* Os Tul

sond
OSTW 3ds
SNOILdaDxXa
SLINSFa
‘paety oq 0} SOUNOSe1 SNoOSsueT[SOSTU SyZ Jo 4aequmU Sey - UMNZ TUN
SINdNI
auTANOA Adnaseq4UT Ue WO’ peTTeo eq jou Aew seuT No. sTUL
"@asnet A0J
SLGeTTeAe epeUl ST BounNosei1 sUuy, ‘“sounoseyosTpooTty Aq
pexeooTTe seounosei eyy jo suo seeuj eUT NOI STU]
NOILONNA
ov od
aounoseyyq ‘( umy ytun ) so.noseyosTyee4t4
SISdONAS

UOTJEOOTTVSEA AOJ STQeTTeae sounoset e sxyeEUl - SounosaYsTpecesg
AWVN

BSOANOSEYOS TWSo4 J /SsoAnoset* OST

‘sazeo 3, UOp e4e SIT XXINO SUL ‘pequest6H 310M
yey peysenbe1z esoyj JO S3tTq xxIyd pue LYVIS S44 - pe eooTTe
SLINsaa

‘KY 403 Ino - (ST 344) AUINO
‘6 utd ‘4zetTtosquoo (Tt) qubt4 euyy - (pT 374) ARLVG
"XY 403 INO - (eT 344) XALNO
-¢ utd ‘aetTosaquoo (T) 3ubTs eu - (ZT 319) XUIvG
‘RJ 403 3Nq XILNO se ewes - (TT 34q) ATIINO
°'6 utd
‘yet Tosquoo (9) 3ZeT eyR 403 3nq XTLvG se sures - (OT 37q) ATIWA
‘TUWLS Aq peqoezzeun ere yndjno
AoJ peTqeue e1e ey squod souTs ‘s4eyjO Aq sourty
Aue 3e peqeTATUT o4e SILYVIS JF put 3,uop noA Jeu
SOJEOTPUT ROS ATA STUQ -- SUTRA STUR Je NOA 03
qandqno 03 jes Rou st quod eyy ‘ATUO epou qndjno
ut y4od x] euA oesn 09 esTuoid noA JT Jes - (6 3Ta4) xIINO
‘¢ utd ‘aettToszquoo (0) 3seT euR WATA
pejetoosse z4uod eyj esn oj ysta noA jt Jes - (g 31q) XIV
*“TeEBTO ATA XxXINO SUR UATA ‘TTeS sures sTuR UT OF LAWS
Atdde oj quem nof sjiod xxIvd ey} TTe e7eooTTe
qsnu nox *(MoTeq) eqzeootTrTe noA sj4od yndut
oun YATM (SsasqUNOS 4eTTO1}QU0D Teuotjuodoiud ey
queqs ‘*a°T) queqs esn oj ysTM nod jT Wes - (0 37q) LUvIS
:JT@ESAT uoTAdT4Ssep
Jeystbe1 ey uo peseq ATesool ‘eje[ndtTueuw oj SeysTa
uoT}zeoT{Tdde ey WeYyQ SIT SszemMpsey sy jo UuOTAGTAOSSEp e - SRTqG
SINdNI

"—ATQ quejs eu HBuTATOAUT uoT eoOTTe ue oGbueyo of ButA13 ST AT
JT SATAIOGOOTTW-e82 pue sey 4T SATA Sur S{Tgobjoges1z pTnoys 37
‘*@°T :UOTRBOOTTS WOAJ JTESRT HOOT ued sesn WY ‘pe zeooTTe
useq eAey S{Tq ynduT esnedseq ‘FTq 44e 4S eR Hut ysenbe.u

JT 40 ‘pezedsoTTe ueeq sey (0 37g) JTESIT ATA W4eAS SUR
asneseg 10 ‘pezesotte Apeaite sue AsyR esneoeq eTqeTTeaeun

‘quoumbuire SAT se SRTGROGOOTTY WoOrzy eNnTeA UAN e4 exe Ady ReUQ puTJ Aew sqtq eqeooTTe 0} HbutA1Q soesn
eu sqydecooe QI ‘esN 02 SeYySTM ASshuoT ou pue szT_qIO_ooTiy WV ‘3Tq UO UeYQ e10ul 403 oq Au qsenbeu ey, 4 *o6bj0geqT4M
eTA pazeooTTe pey uot zeoTTdde eyA yey saeqysTBe1 ofjod exempuey eTA o,eTNdtuew oj seysTm uot ZeoTTdde ey WeUR 4a ystbe.1
au UT SRTQ peqecoTTe ATsnoTAeid seesaz SUTQNOA SAT gIOgGee1Z SUL, ofjod euempsrzey ou UT SQTQ S@eReOOTTS SUTIN SRTGIOGOOTIW SUL
NOILIONNS NOIIONN
OV od OV 0d 0d
aounosayobjod ‘ (peqecoT Te) szTgzogece4g eorunoseyobjod ‘’ (sqtq) SATGIOGOOTIW = pe WeooTTe
SISdONAS SISdONAS
teqstT6bex1 ofjod ey UT SqTq pezeooTTe Seay - SATgQogqeesg Jeqystbe.1 ofjod ey uT S3Tq SzeEoOTTe - SITEIOGOTTY
SWWN SWWN

SiTq }Ogee17/e0.mose.t: obj0d SITGIOgOOT Ty/seounose.* objod

‘O18Z OF B[NeJep pue ‘suT ANCA sTUy
03 STTeVO snotasid Aq peptaoid useq eaey Aeu szTq
JOUIO | ° U8QT4AM eq OF Sue PER PAOM UT SATq esoyA - seu
‘peaes jou
ST TOTUM ‘ITq LYWLS eu Adeoxe ‘’aesn 4eyQuNj 103 Aes
pue 1z0eqsTbe1 ofj0d erempszey Sy OF SRAM OF SRep SYR - P4OAM
SINdNI

"3¥ Q4eqse1r Jou TTTM S4esn 4zey{oO -A7eS 4TQ LYWLS eu4

UTA SUTIN STUQ OF TTeO e JO YI[NSe1 ayQ se ATATOTTdke ATUO
US}ITIM ST JF ‘poaes jou ST ATG LYVIS eUuL ~“~zeqsTbe1 obj0d
SU} Of SRTAM S4uEsn 128YRO USYM peUTeVUTeU oq OF PEARS Sue
oe7kq ubty ey UT SJTq SUL ‘“pejeooTTe AT[NJsseoons Jou SsAeYy
noA 3eyR ASeul Su UT S#Tq Wes 03 szedouduTT ST QT -- pe qoezze
e1ze xseu ey Aq petytoeds sqtq esouy ATuQ ‘se 4stTbe1 ob od
e.eMptey oyu} UT SRFQ SaeeTO pue sjes suTQNo1 objogeqT4mM SUL

NOIZONN
OV Td od
aoinoseyobjod ‘ (y~seur ‘p1z0m) o6320geT4M
SISdONAS

Ja 4stTbe.1 objod ezempszey ey 03 SQT4M - O620ge TIM
SWNWN

o630ge3T 4M/eosnose.t’ obj0d

C- 10

Appendix D

Include Files

This appendix has separate sections for the C and assembly-language include files. At the
beginning of each section of files there is a cross-reference showing all the defined constants,

data structures, and data structure terms in each file. These names are listed alphabetically,
followed by file and line-number references.

C Include Files— ‘‘.h’’ Files

The first portion of this appendix contains the C-language include files that define the system
data structures used by the ROM (or kickstart) routines and the disk-loadable libraries. These
include files are organized on a functional basis. For example, files pertinent to graphics are
listed under “graphics/graphicsitem.h.”’

This appendix is a hard copy of the “SYS:includes” directory on the Amiga C (Lattice C) disk.

Assembly-language Include Files— ‘‘.i’”’ Files

The second portion of this appendix contains the assembly language include files that define the
system data structures used by the ROM (or kickstart) routines and the disk-loadable libraries.
These include files are organized on a functional basis. For example, files pertinent to graphics
are listed under “‘graphics/graphicsitem.i.”’

This appendix is a hard copy of the ”SYS:includes” directory on the Amiga Macro Assembler
disk.

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 1

File numbers for cross-reference listing:

l:adkbits.i 2:audio.1 3:blit.i 4:bootblock.i
S:cia.i 6:ciabase.i 7:clip.i 8:clipboard.i
9:console.i 10:copper .i ll:custom.i 12:disk.i

13:diskfont.i 14:display.i 15:dmabits.i 16:dos.i
17:dos_lib.i 18:dosextens.i 19:gameport.i 20:gels.i

21:gfx.i 22:gfxbase.i 23:1icon.i 24:input.i
25: inpucevent.a 26:intbits .1 27:intuition.i 28:intuitionbase.i
29 :keyboard.i a a 31: layers .i 32:misc.i
33:narrator.i 34:parallel.i 35:potgo.i 36:printer.i
37 :prtbase.i 38:rastport.i 39:regions.i 40:serial.i
4l:sprite.i A42:startup.i A3:text.i 44:timer .i
45:trackdisk.i 46:translator.i 47:view.i 48 :workbench.i
A, 16-113, 27-217, 27-549, 27-1235, 27-1443
ABC, 3-38
aBMS, 36-113

ABNC, 3-39
ABORT, 34-75, 40-72
absoluted, 27-572, 27-574
AC, 20-137
ac_AnimBob, 20-157
ac_AnimCRoutine, 20-153
ac_CompFlags, 20-139
ac_dat, 11-100
ac_HeadOb, 20-156
ac_len, 11-97
ac_NextComp, 20-148
ac_NextSeq, 20-151
ac_per, 11-98
ac_PrevComp, 20-149
ac_PrevSeq, 20-152
ac_ptr, 11-96
ac_SIZE, 20-158
ac_SIZEOF, 11-101
ac_Timer, 20-143
ac_TimeSet, 20-146
ac_vol, 11-99
ac_XTrans, 20-155
ac_YTrans, 20-154
aCAM, 36-116
ACCESS_READ, 16-42
ACCESS_WRITE, 16-44
ACTION_COPY_DIR, 18-127
ACTION_CREATE_DIR, 18-130
ACTION_CURRENT_VOLUME, 18-118
ACTION_DELETE_OBJECT, 18-124
ACTION_DIE, 18-116
ACTION_DISK_CHANGE, 18-141
ACTION_DISK_INEFO, 18-133
ACTION_DISK_TYPE, 18-140
ACTION_EVENT, 18-117
ACTION_EXAMINE_NEXT, 18-132

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 2

ACTION_EXAMINE_OBJECT, 18-131
ACTION_FREE_LOCK, 18-123
ACTION_GET_BLOCK, 18-114

ACTION_INEO, 18-134
ACTION_INHIBIT, 18-139
ACTION_LOCATE_OBJECT, 18-119
ACTION_NIL, 18-113
ACTION_PARENT, 18-137
ACTION_READ, 18-122
ACTION_RENAME_DISK, 18-120
ACTION_RENAME_OBJECT, 18-125
ACTION_SET_COMMENT, 18-136
ACTION_SET_MAP, 18-115
ACTION_SET_PROTECT, 18-129
CTION_TIMER, 18-138
ACTION_WAIT_CHAR, 18-128
ACTION_WRITE, 18-121
ACTIVATE, 27-1148
ACTIVE, 12-72, 34-76, 40-73
ACTIVEWINDOW, 27-932
actually, 27-1488
ADALLOC_MAXPREC, 2-19
ADALLOC_MINPREC, 2-18
ADCMD_ALLOCATE, 2-29
ADCMD_FINISH, 2-23
ADCMD_FREE, 2-21
ADCMD_LOCK, 2-25
ADCMD_PERVOL, 2-324
ADCMD_SETPREC, 2-22
ADCMD_WAITCYCLE, 2-26
ADCMDB_NOUNIT, 2-27
ADCMDF_NOUNIT, 2-28, 2-29
added, 27-515
address, 27-1237
aDEN1, 36-71
aDEN2, 36-70
aDEN3, 36-69
aDEN4, 36-68
aDENS, 36-67
aDEN6, 36-66
ADHARD_CHANNELS, 2-16
ADIOB_NOWAIT, 2-35
ADIOB_PERVOL, 2-31
ADIOB_SYNCCYCLE, 2-33
ADIOB_WRITEMESSAGE, 2-37
ADIOERR_ALLOCFAILED, 2-41
ADIOERR_CHANNELSTOLEN, 2-42
ADIOERR_NOALLOCATION, 2-40
ADIOF_NOWAIT, 2-36
ADIOF_PERVOL, 2-32
ADIOF_SYNCCYCLE, 2-34
ADIOF_WRITEMESSAGE, 2-38
ADKB_FAST, 1-22
ADKB_MEMPREC, 1-18
ADKB_MSBSYNC, 1-21
ADKB_PRECOMP0, 1-17

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 3

ADKB_PRECOMP1,
ADKB_SETCLR,
ADKB_UARTBRK,
ADKB_USEOP1,
ADKB_USEOV1,
ADKB_USE1P2,
ADKB_USE1V2,
ADKB_USE 2P3,
ADKB_USE2V3,
ADKB_USE3PN,
ADKB_USE3VN,
ADKB_WORDSYNC,
adkcon,
adkconr,
ADKE_FAST,
ADKE_MFMPREC,
ADKE_MSBSYNC,
ADKE_PREOOONS,
ADKF_PRE140NS,
ADKE_PRE280NS,
ADKF_PRE560NS,
ADKF_PRECOMP0,
ADKFE_PRECOMP1,
ADKE_SETCLR,
ADKF_UARTBRK,
ADKE_USEOP1,
ADKF_USEOV1,
ADKFE_USE1P2,
ADKE_USE1V2,
ADKF_USE2P3,
ADKF_USE2V3,
ADKFE_USE3PN,
ADKE_USE3VN,
ADKE_WORDSYNC,
advance,
aEXTEND,

AF

af_Attr,
af_SIZEOF,

af_ ,

H,

afh_AF ,
afh_NumEntries,
aENTO,

aFNT9Y,
aHTS,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 4

ai_Count,
ai_FirstxX,
ai_FirstyY,
ai_FlagPtr,
ai_FlagTbl,
ai_MaxCount,
ai_SIZEOF,
ai_VctrPtr,
ai_VctrTbl,

algorithmic,
all,
ALLOCO,

ALLOC3,
allocated,
ALLOWED,
aLMS,
ALPHA_P_101,
ALTKEYMAP,
ANBC,
ANBNC,
aNEL,
ANFRACSIZE,
ANIMHALE ,

“Ad,
ao_AnimORoutine,
ao_An0Oldx,
ao_AnOldyY,
ao_AnXx,
ao_AnY,
ao_AUserExt,
ao_Clock,
ao_HeadComp,
ao_NextOb,
ao_PrevOb,
ao_RingXTrans,
ao_RingYTrans,
ao_SIZEOF,
ao_XAccel,
ao_XVel,
ao_YAccel,
ao_YVel,
aPERF,

aPERFO,

aPLD,

aPLU,

1-16

1-15

1-19

1-26

1-30

1-25

1-29

1-24

1-28

1-23

1-27

1-20

11-87

11-28

1-39

1-35

1-38

1-49

1-50

SH OL

1-52

1-34, 1-50, 1-52
1-33, 1-51, 1-52
1-32
1-36
1-43
1-47
1-42
1-46
1-41
1-45
1-40
1-44
1-37
27-559
36-126
13-60,
13-65
13-66
13-64
13-68
13-70
13-69
36-81
36-82
36-91
36-83
36-84
36-85
36-86
36-87
36-88
36-89
36-90
21-12
36-118

13-61, 13-63

38-98
38-100
38-101
38-97
38-96
38-99
38-102
38-95
38-94
36-44
36-100
36-101
36-102
36-97
36-99
36-98
27-1720
27-312
27-794
12-68
12-69
12-70
12-71
27-1655
27-470
36-110
27-1630
27-463
3-40
3-41
36-45
20-41
20-42
27-723
20-162
20-180
20-169
20-168
20-172
20-171
20-182
20-167
20-181
20-164
20-165
20-179
20-178
20-183
20-176
20-175
20-177
20-174
36-107
36-108
36-79
36-78

mys a7 2V. 4h L700 i.xref Page 5
ear,

ap OPO,

aPROP1,
aPROP 2,

are,

area,
ArealInfo,
AREAOUTLINE,

aSEC,
aSGRO,
aSGR1,
aSGR22,
aSGR23,
aSGR 24,
aSGR3,

a ’
ASHIETSHIET,
aSHORPO,
aSHORP1,
aSHORP 2,
aSHORP3,
aSHORP4,
aSHORPS,
aSHORP6,
aSLPP,
aSLRM,
ASPECT_HORIZ,
ASPECT_VERT,
associated,
aSTBM,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 6

audio,
AUDIONAME ,
AUL,
AUTOBACKPEN,
AUTODRAWMODE ,
AUTOFRONTPEN,
AUTOITEXTEONT,
AUTOKNOB,
AUTOLEETEDGE ,
automatic,
AUTONEXTTEXT,
AUTOTOPEDGE,
aVERPO,
aVERP1,

aVTs,

b_BobF lags,
BACKDROP,
Background,
BACKSAVED,
baggage,
BAUD 110.
BAUD_1200,
BAUD_19200,
BAUD_ 2400,
BAUD_300,
BAUD_4800,
BAUD_9600,
slacking

B,
BB_CHKSUM,
BB_DOSBLOCK,

BBID_ KICK,
BBNAME_DOS.

BCOF_DEST,
BCOF_SRCA,

BCOF_SRCC,
BC1FE_DESC,
bd_BackPen,
bd_Count,
bd_DrawMode,
bd_FrontPen,
bd_LeftEdge,
bd_NextBorder,
bd_SIZEOF,

Bonne ge?

27-797
36-95
36-94
36-93
27-873,
27-563
38-93
38-46
27-132, 27-229,
36-46

36-43

36-42

36-111
27-305, 27-305, 27-774, 28-28
27-966

36-56

36-55

36-48

36-53

36-54

36-50

36-52

36-49

36-51

3-63

36-58

36-60

36-59

36-62

36-61

36-64

36-63

36-106

36-115

27-1613

27-1614

27-1027

36-114

36-77

36-74

36-73

36-76

36-75

36-120

36-122

36-121

36-123

36-124

36-125

36-112

36-96

11-89

11-90

11-91

11-92

11-93

28-58

27-682, 27-1336

27-582
27-231, 27-684, 27-1338

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 7

BDRAWN,
been,
BEEPING,
before,
below,
between,
BF_BOBSAWAY ,
bit,
BITCLR,
BitMap,
bits,
BITSET,
BITSPERBYTE,
BITSPERLONGC,
BLITREVERSE,
blitadat,
bltafwn,
blitalwn,
bltamod,
bltapt,
bltbdat,
bltbmod,
blitbpt,
bltcdat,
bltcmod,
bltconod,
bitconl,
bltcpt,
bitddat,
bltdmod,
bltdpt,
blitnode,
blitsize,
bm_BytesPerRow,
bm_Depth,
bm_Flags,
bm_Pad,
bmn_Planes,
bm_Rows,
bm_SIZEOE,
bn_beamsync,
bn_blitsize,
ppc eenup.
n_dumnmry ,
bn_ function,
b

nn,
bn_SIZEOE,
bn_stat,

BOB,
bob_After,
bob_Be fore,
bob_BobComp,
bob_BobF lags,
bob_BobVSprite,
bob_BUserExt,
bob_DBu f fer,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 8

bob_ImageShadow,
bob_SaveBu f fer,
bob_SavePlanes,
bob_SIZEOE,
BOBISCOMP,
BOBNIX,
BOBSAWAY,
BOBUPDATE,
BOLD,

BOOL,
BOOLGADGET,
BOOTSECTS,
Border,
BORDERLESS,
BorderTop,
BOTTOMBORDER,
box,

bplimod,

bp] 2mod,
bplicond,
bplconl,
bplcon2,

ldat,

plipt,
broadcast,
BROTHER_15XL,
BSHIETSHIET,
BSTR,

Buffer,
BUSERFLAGS,
BWAITING,
BYTESPERLONG’
C,

call,

called,
CBD_CURRENTREADID,
CBD_CURRENTWRITEID,
CBD_POST,
CBERR_OBSOLETEID,
CBM_MPS1000,
CD_ASKKEYMAP,
CD_SETKEYMAP,
changing,
character,
check,

CHECKED,
CHECKIT,
CheckMark,
checkmarked,
CHECKWIDTH,
ci_DestAddr,
ci_DestData,
ci_HWaitPos,
ci_nxtlist,
ci_OpCode,

20-32

27-1655

27-1401

27-224

27-512

27-253

20-55

27-329, 27-805, 27-809
21-11

21-15, 27-1021, 27-1244, 27-1404, 27-1443, 27-1447

27-170, 27-325, 27-771
21-10
16-34
16-36
3-74
11-70
11-55
11-56
11-65
11-59
11-69
11-64
11-58
11-68
11-63
11-53
11-54
11-57
11-19
11-66
11-60
3-14
11-61
21-16
21-19
21-18
21-20
21-21
21-17
21-22, 27-1354
3-20
3-19
3-21
3-18
3-16
3-15
3-22
3-17
20-113
20-125
20-123
20-128
20-116
20-127
20-132
20-130

20-120
20-118
20-115
20-133
20-29
20-34
20-33
20-20
43-21

27-492
4-36
27-305, 27-448, 27-732,
27-1145
27-1029
27-453
27-173
11-108
11-109
11-105
11-106
11-107
11-111
11-103
27-280
27-1631
3-64

16-84, 18-183, 18-186, 18-188, 18-191, 18-216

27-627, 27-1475
20-27

20-31

27-251, 27-349, 27-395,
16-35

4-46, 16-116, 27-19
27-730, 28-32
28-37

8-29

8-30

8-28

8-32

27-1632

9-26

9-27

27-1490

27-621

27-947

27-179

27-155, 27-1701
27-1703

27-1077, 27-1224
27-1709

10-19

10-22

10-21

10-17

10-16

27-1029

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 9

ci_SIZEOF,
ci_VWaitPos,

ciaa,

CIAANAME ,

ciab,

CIABNAME ,

CIAR,

cl_,

cl__CopList,
cl_CopIns,
cl_CopLStart,
cl_CopPtr,
cl_CopSStart,
cl_Count,
cl_DyOffset,
cl_MaxCount,
cl_Next,
cl_SIZEOE,
CLEANME ,

CLEANMEn,

cleared,
cli_Background,
cli_CommandDir,
cli_CommandFile,
cli_CommandNane,
cli_CurrentInput,
cli_CurrentOutput,
cli_De faultStack,
cli_FailLevel,
cli_Interactive,
cli_Module,
cli_Prompt,
cli_Result2,
cli_ReturnCode,
cli_SetNane,
cli_SIZEOE,
cli_StandardInput,
cli_StandardOutput,
clicks,

oy:
ClipboardUnitPartial,
ClipRect,

Close,
CLOSEWINDOW,

CLR,

clxcon,
clxdat,
cm_ColorTable,
cm_Count,
cm_Flags,
cm_SIZEOE,
cm_ e,
eu CLEAR.
CMD_READ,
CMD_UPDATE,
CMD_WRITE,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 10

collTable,
color,
ColorMap,
COLORON,
colors,
CommandLineInter face,
COMMSEQ,
COMMWI DTH,
conjunction,
Container,
containing,
coordinates,
copllc,

cop2lc,

copcon,
copinit,
copinit_diagstrt,
copinit_SIZEOE,
copinit_sprstop,
copinit_sprstrtup,
CopIns,
copjmpl,
copjmp2,
CopList,
COPPER_MOVE ,
COPPER_WAIT,
correct,

count,
count-vsize,
cp_collPtrs,
cp_SIZEOEF,
CPR_NT_LOF,
CPR_NT_SHT,
cprlist,

CP TBUE ,
cr_pl,

cr_p2,
cr_BitMap,
cr_Flags,
CR_HWADDR ,
CR_TIActive,
CR_IEnable,
CR_IntMask,
CR_INTNODE,

cr_Next,
cr_Prev,

10-24
10-18
5-7
5-6
5-11
5-10
6-18
10-36
10-35
10-37
10-39
10-38
10-40
10-41
10-43
10-42
10-34
10-44
3-26
3-25, 3-26
27-943
18-193
18-184
18-191
18-186
18-190
18-194
18-195
18-187
18-192
18-197
18-188
18-182
18-185
18-183
18-198
18-189
18-196
27-1515
27-29
8-35
7-50

17-19, 27-490

27-917
20-50
11-84
11-26
47-24
47-23
47-21
47-25
47-22
45-98
45-93
45-97
45-92

47-55

11-122, 37-110
0

47-2
14-21
27-786
18-181
27-163
27-1710
27-411
27-629
27-327

10-15, 11-78

11-76
11-77
10-33
10-9
10-10
27-1021

17-10, 17-12, 17-13

17-13
47-56
47-S7
10-12
10-13
10-27
10-11
7-59
7-60
7-54
7-62
6-19
6-22
6-21
6-20
6-23
6-26
6-28
6-27
6-24
6-25
7-53
7-57
7-58
7-55
7-56
7-51
7-52

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 11

cr_reserved,
CR_SIZE,
cr_SIZEOE,
CreateDir,
CreateProc,
crl_max,
crl_Next,
crl_SIZEOE,
crl_start,
CTC_HCLRTAB,
CTC_HCLRTABSALL,
CTC_HSETTAB,

CurrentDir,
CUSTOM,

CUST ’
CUSTOMBITMAP,
ica
data,

uetes ene?
DBLPF,

DBP,
dabp_ Bu fBu f fer,
dabp_Bu fPath,
abp_Bu fPlanes,
dbp_Bu fX,
dbp_Bu fY,
dbp_SIZEOF,
DBUEFER,
dd_Children,
dd_CmdBytes,
dd_CmdVectors,
dd_CurrentX,
dd_CurrentyY,
dd_DownMove,
dd_DrawerWin,
dd_ExecBase,
dd_HorizImage,
eT
dd_HorizScroll,
dd_Le ftMove,
dd_Lock,
dd_MaxX,
dd_MaxyY,
dd_Minx,
dd_MinyY,
dd_NewWindow,
dd_NumCommands,
dad_Object,
dd_RightMove,

7-61
6-29
7-63
17-33
17-36
10-30
10-28
10-31
10-29
9-86
9-87
9-85
16-150
16-151
16-152
16-153
8-36
37-63
17-34
27-1626
27-1629
27-1403, 27-1445
27-1235, 27-1396
4-47, 16-113, 16-114, 16-115
27-778, 27-790, 27-819, 27-1379,
16-47, 17-45
14-22
20-190
20-197
20-193
20-199
20-192
20-191
20-200
38-44
48-66
37-51
37-50
48-48
48-49
48-57
48-64
37-49
48-60
48-62
48-54
48-58
48-67
48-52
48-53
48-50
48-51
48-47
37-52
48-65
48-59

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 12

dd_Segment,
dd_SIZEOE,
dd_UpMove,
dd_VertImage,
ee
dd_VertScroll,
ddfstop,
ddfstrt,
DEADEND_ALERT,
decide,
DEFERREEFRESH,
DEFFREQ,

de fine,
DEFMODE,
DEFPITCH,
DEEFRATE,
DEFSEX,
DEEVOL,
Delay,
DELETE,
DeleteFile,
DELTAMOVE,
DENISE,
describe,
DESIGNED,
DEST,

device,
DeviceData,
DeviceProc,
devices,
DEVINIT,
DevList,
DevList_SIZEOE,
dfn_DF,
dfh_FileID,
DEH_ID,
dfhn_Nane,
dfh_Revision,
dafn_Segment,
dfh_SIZEOF,
dafh_TE,
DETCH_MASK,
di_Devices,
di_Devinfo,
di_Handlers,
di_McName,
di_NetHand,
di_SIZEOE,
DIAB_630,
DIAB_ADV_D25,
DIAB_C_150,
DISCRESOURCE,
DISCRESOURCEUNIT,
disk,
DISKFONT,
DiskF ontHeader,

37-48
37-53, 37-80, 48-68
48-56
48-61
48-63
48-55
11-82
11-81
27-1723
27-545
27-279
33-17
27-249
33-23
33-14
33-15
33-22

27-1478

34-68, 40-60, 44-27, 45-70

2
25-14, 27-57, 27-61,
8-26, 9-24, 19-19,
18-207
18-217
13-51
13-52
13-40
13-55
13-53
13-54
13-57
13-56
14-37
18-173
18-172
18-174
18-171
18-175
18-176
27-1633
27-1634
27-1635
12-55
12-47
12-101, 13-61
43-26
13-43

37-31,

24-17, 29-17,

28-28

37-34, 37-37

36-35, 44-41, 45-76

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 13

DISKINSERTED,
DI SKNAME

DiskObject,
DISKREMOVED,
display,
DisplayAlert,
eee ed,
DIW_HOR z bos.
DIW_VRTCL_POS,
DIW_VRTCL_POS_SHIFT,
diwstop,
diwstrt,
dal_A2,

dl1_AS,

q1_A6,

Sore ee

dl_lib,
dl_Lock,
dl_LockList,
dl_Name,
dl_Next,
dl_Root,
dl_SIZEOE,
dl_Task,
dal_Type,
dl_unused,
dl_VolumeDate,
DLT_DEVICE,
DLT_DIRECTORY,
DLT_VOLUME,
DMAB_AUDO,

DMAF_AUDIO,
DMAF_BLITHOG,
DMAF_BLITTER,
DMAF_BLTDONE ,

27-926
12-100
48-74
27-928
27-788,
27-1716
27-122
14-32
14-33
14-34
11-80
11-79
18-153
18-154
18-155
18-214
18-152
18-150
18-211
18-213
18-216
18-208
18-151
18-156
18-210
18-209
18-215
18-212
18-220
18-221
18-222
15-39
15-40
15-41
15-42
15-49
15-45
15-50
15-51
15-46
18-43
15-48
15-47
15-38
15-44
11-83
11-20
15-31
15-20
15-21
15-22
15-23
15-19
15-30
15- 26
15-35

27-805, 27-1352

Apr 29 10:21 1986 4i.xref Page 14

DMAF_BLTNZERO,

do_CurrentyY,
do_DefaultTool,
do_DrawerData,
do_Gadget,
do_Magic,
do_SIZEOE,
do_StackSize,
do_ToolTypes,
do_ToolWindow,
do_ P
do_Version,
does,
doesn,
don,
DONE,
DOS,
dosextens,
DosInfo,
DosLibrary,
DOS

DosPacket,

dp_Res 2,
dp_SIZEOF,
ap_Status,

ae.

BR:
DR_ALLOCUNIT,
DR_CIARESOURCE,
DR_CURRENT,
DR_DISCBLOCK,
DR_DISCSYNC,
DR_FLAGS,
DR_FREEUNIT,
DR_GETUNIT,

15-36
15-27
15-24
15-29
15-28
15-18
15-25
48-81
48-82
48-79
48-83
48-77
48-75
48-86
48-85
48-80
48-84
48-78
48-76
27-143,
27-1246
27-440,
37-65
4-39, 16-16, 18-25, 42-23
37-40

18-170
18-149

16-15

18-76

19-30

18-90

18-88, 18-93
18-94

18-95

18-96

18-97

18-98

18-99

18-93

18-77

18-78

18-82, 18-91
18-86, 18-92
18-100, 18-108
18-91

18-92

18-80, 18-90
12-68, 12-69, 12-70,
12-106

12-60

12-56

12-63

12-64

12-57

12-107
12-108

27-240,
27-653

27-697, 27-727,

12-71, 12-72

27-1347

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 15

DR_GETUNITID,
DR_GIVEUNIT,
DR_INDEX,
DR_LASTCOMM,
DR_pad,
DR_SIZE,
DR_SYSLIB,
DR_UNITID,
DR_WAITING,
DRAFT,
DrawBorder,
DrawerData,
DRAWERDATAFILESIZE,
DrawerOpen,
drawn,

draws,
DRT_37422D2S,
DRT_AMIGA,
DRT_EMPTY,
DRU_DISCBLOCK,
DRU_DISCSYNC,
DRU_INDEX,
DRU_SIZE,
ds_Days,
ds_Minute,
ds_SIZEOE,
ds_Tick,

ds r,
dskdat,
dskdatr,
DSKDMAOFE ,
dsklen,
dskpt,
dsksync,

DSR CPR.

DU,

du_Flags,
duplicate,
pLock,

each,

EIGHT_LPI,

either,

ELITE,

EnableCLI,

ENDGADGET,

entry,

EOEMODE,

EPSON,

EPSON_JX_80,
ERROR_ACTION_NOT_KNOWN,
ERROR_COMMENT_TOO_BIG,
ERROR_DELETE_PROTECTED,
ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_MOUNTED,
ERROR_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY,
ERROR_DISK_FULL,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 16

ERROR_DISK_NOT_VALIDATED,
ERROR_DISK_WRITE_PROTECTED,
ERROR_INVALID_COMPONENT_NAME ,
ERROR_INVALID_LOCK,
ERROR_NO_DISK,
ERROR_NO_FREE_STORE,
ERROR_NO_MORE_ENTRIES,
ERROR_NOT_A_DOS_DISK,
ERROR_OBJECT_EXISTS,
ERROR_OBJECT_IN_USE,
ERROR_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND,
ERROR_OBJECT_WRONG_TYPE,
ERROR_READ_ PROTECTED,
ERROR_RENAME_ACROSS_DEVICES,
ERROR_SEEK_ERROR,
ERROR_WRITE_PROTECTED,
ETD_CLEAR,

ETD_FORMAT,

ETD_MOTOR,

ETD_READ,

ETD_SEEK,

ETD_UPDATE,

ETD_WRITE,

event,

Examine,

examined,

except,

EXCLUSIVE_LOCK,
EXEC_LIBRARIES_I,
EXECUTE,

Exit,

ExNext,

EXPUNGED,

EC,
fc_FileName,
fc_Flags,
fc_SIZEOE,
fc_Style,
fc_YSize,
FCH,
fch_FC,
fch_FileID,
EFCH_

fch_NumEntries,
FEMALE,
fh_Argl1,
fh_Arg2,
fh_Args,
fh_Buf,

fh_End,
fh_Funcl,
fh_Func2,
fh_Func3,

12-110
12-109,
12-65
12-112
12-58
12-66
12-59
12-61
12-62
27-1601
27-730
48-46
48-71
48-129
27-184
27-224,
12-122
12-121
12-123
12-48
12-49
12-50
12-51
12-102, 35-10,
16-48

16-49

16-51, 16-64, 18-165, 18-212
16-50
11-33
11-39
11-23
12-82
11-38
11-37
11-72
9-82
37-68
37-59
27-136,
17-29
27-805
27-1606
27-305, 27-1482
27-1593

27-1539

27-421

27-616

34-73, 40-64
27-1636
27-1637

16-123

16-133

16-135

16-131

16-130

16-134

12-112

27-727

44-28, 45-71

27-233, 27-686,

16-127
16-128
16-124
16-125
16-139
16-119
16-140
16-138
16-121
16-120
16-122
16-126
16-137
16-129
16-132
16-136

45-98

45-96

45-94

45-93

45-95

45-97

45-92

27-442

17-30

27-807
27-849

16-43

12-36, 18-20,
16-73, 17-50
17-37, 27-1657
17-31
37-78
45-74
43-19
27-1588
13-25
13-26
13-29
13-30
13-28
13-27
13-34
13-37
13-35
13-32
13-36
33-21
18-71
18-72
18-70,
18-63
18-65
18-67
18-68
18-69

22-12, 28-19,

18-71

D- 10

32-9,

27-1261, 27-1340

37-23

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 17

fh_Funcs,
fh_Interactive,
fh_Link,
fh_Pos,
fh_SIZEOEF,

fh A

"ERS.
fib_Comment,
fib_DateStamp,
fib_DirEnt e
fib_DiskKey,
fib_EntryType,
fib FileName,
fib_NumBlocks,
fib_Protection,
fib_Size,
fib_SIZEOF,
FileHandle,
FileInfoBlock,
FileLock,
EFILENAME_SIZE,

fl_Access,
fl_Key,
f1_Link,

f£1_SIZEOF,
f1_Task,
fl1_Volume,
flag,

8,
EOLLOWMOUSE,
FontSize,
four,

eo

FREEHORIZ,
FreeList,
FreeList_SIZEOE,
FREEVERT,

fron,
ERST_DOT,
ERST_DOTn,

ES,
ES_NORMAL,
function,
functions,
GADGBACKFILL,
GADGDI SABLED,

18-66, 18-67

18-61

18-60

18-64

18-73

18-62

16-71, 16-72, 16-73, 16-74
16-65
16-64
16-57
16-56
16-61
16-59
16-63
16-60
16-62
16-67
18-59
16-55
18-226
27-1472,
27-140,
3-70
3-68
3-69
27-817
27-614
27-1594
18-229
18-228
18-227
48-93
48-92
18-232
18-230
18-231
27-127
27-849, 27-1044,
27-436, 27-443
27-1486

27-792

27-1543

27-237, 27-690, 27-1344

27-1217

43-25, 43-26, 43-27, 43-28, 43-29, 43-30,

43-31, 43-32
27-583

48-91

48-95, 48-121
27-588
27-1722
38-42, 38-107
38-106

43-19, 43-20, 43-21, 43-22
43-18

27-430

27-866

48-163

27-399

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 18

Gadget,

GADGET0002,
GADGETDOWN ,

gad
Gad et fype
E

ets,
GADGHBOX,
GADGHCOMP ,
GADGHIGHBITS,
GADGHIMAGE ,
GADGHNONE ,
GADGIMAGE ,
GADGIMMEDIATE,
GamePortTrigger,
gb_ActiView,
gb_BeamSync,
gb_BlitLock,
gb_BlitNest,
gb_BlitOwner,
gb_blitter,
gb_BlitWaitQ,
gb_bl thd,
gb_bltsrv,
gb_blttl,
gb_bsblthd,
gb_bsblttl,
gb_bytereserved,
gb_cia,
gb_copinit,
gb_Debug,

gb_De faultFont,
gb_DisplayFlags,
gb_Flags,

gb_LOF list,
gb_Modes,
gb_reserved,
gb_SHFlist,
gb_SIZE,
gb_SpriteReserved,
gb_system_bplcon0,
gb_TextFonts,
ae pee
gb_TOF_WaitQ,
gb_VBlank,
gb_vbsrv,
GELGONE,
GelsInfo,
GENLOCK_VIDEO,
get,
GetPacket,
gfx,

GfxBase,
gg_Activation,
gg_Flags,

27-289,
27-506,
27-651,
27-493
27-911
27-217,
27-468,
27-912
27-358
27-357
27-356
27-359
27-360
27-365
27-413
19-33
22-20
22-38
22-44
22-45
22-47
22-23
22-46
22-26
22-32
22-27
22-28
22-29
22-41
22-22
22-21
22-37
22-34
22-49
22-43
22-24
22-35
22-51
22-25
22-52
22-40
22-39
22-33
22-31
22-48
22-36
22-30
20-21
38-22
47-18
27-871,
17-40
7-9,
22-19
27-300
27-298

27-333, 27-368,
27-547, 27-565,
27-1253

27-409,
27-643,

27-814, 27-1728
27-473

27-1730

27-25, 37-109, 38-10, 39-10,

D- il

27-416,
27-646,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 19

gg_GadgetID,
gg_GadgetRender,
gg_GadgetText,

oo Geers ;
eight,
goofattEage.
gg_MutualExclude,
gg_NextGadget,
gg_SelectRender,
gg_SIZEOE,

gg_Specialinfo,
gg_TopEdge,
gg_UserData,
gg_Width,
i_bottommost,
gi_collHandler,
gi_firstBlissObj,
gi_Flags,
gi_gelHead,
gi_gelTail,
gi_lastBlissObj,
gi_lastColor,
gi_leftmost,
i_nextLine,
gi_rightmost,
gi_SIZEOF,
gi_sprRsrvd,
i_topmost,
GID_DOWNSCROLL,
GID_HORIZSCROLL,
GID_LEFTSCROLL,
GID_NAME ,
GID_RIGHTSCROLL,
GID_UPSCROLL,
GID_VERTSCROLL,
GID_WBOBJECT,
GIMMEZEROZERO,
GPCT_ABSJOYSTICK,
GPCT_ALLOCATED,
GPCT_MOUSE,
GPCT_NOCONTROLLER ,
GPCT_RELJOYSTICK,
GPD_ASKCTYPE,

GPD_SETCTYPE,
GPD_SETTRIGGER,
GPDERR_SETCTYPE,
GPT,

gpt_K 2
gpt_SIZEOF,
gpt_Timeout,
gpt_XDelta,
gpt_YDelta,
graphics,

27-347

27-309

27-316

27-302

27-296

27-293

27-339

27-291

27-314

27-351, 48-54, 48-55, 48-56, 48-57, 48-58,
48-59, 48-77, 48-120

27-345

27-294

27-348

27-295

38-36

38-32

38-37

38-25

38-26

38-27

38-38

38-31

38-33

38-29

38-34

38-39

38-23

38-35

48-152

48-147

48-149

48-153

48-150

48-151

48-148

48-146

27-1023, 27-1143

19-46
19-41
19-44
19-42
19-45
19-22
19-24
19-21
19-23
19-25
19-50
19-30,
19-34
19-38
19-35
19-36
19-37
7-9, 13-20, 27-25, 27-29, 27-33, 27-37,

19-31

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 20

GRELBOTTOM,
GRELHEIGHT,
GRELRIGHT,
GRELWIDTH,

highlight,
HIGHNONE,
HOLDNMODIFY,

how,

HP_LASERJET,
HP_LASERJET_PLUS,
HSIZEBITS,
HSIZEMASK,
ib_ActiveScreen,
ib_ActiveWindow,
ib_FirstScreen,
ib_LibNode,
ib_ViewLord,

icon,

IconDisp,

ICO ?

id_ esPerBlock,
d_DiskState,

id Dis >
ID_DOS_DISK,
id_InUse,
ID_KICKSTART_DISK,
ID_NO_DISK_PRESENT,
ID_NOT_REALLY_DOS,
id_NumBlocks,
id_NumBlocksUsed,
id_NumSoftErrors,
id_SIZEOE,
id_UnitNumber,
ID_UNREADABLE_DISK,
ID_VALIDATED,
ID_VALIDATING,
id_VolumeNode,
ID_WRITE_PROTECTED,
IDCMP,

ie_Class,

1e_Code,
ie_EventAddress,
ie_NextEvent,
ie_Quali fier,
ie_SIZEOE,
ie_SubClass,

27-41, 27-45, 28-24, 38-10, 39-10, 47-9
27-377
27-386
27-379
27-383
27-902, 27-904, 27-927, 27-931, 27-933, 27-935
27-476
27-432, 27-790, 27-871, 27-1246, 27-1267
27-947
27-174
27-172
27-169
27-171
27-185
27-120
27-176
14-23
27-543, 27-545
27-1641
27-1642
3-29
3-31
28-51
28-50
28-61
28-48
28-49
23-31
48-128
23-30
16-100
16-97
16-101
16-115
16-103
16-116
16-112
16-114
16-98
16-99
16-95
16-104
16-96
16-113
16-110
16-109
16-102
16-108
27-940
25-135
25-137
25-139
25-134
25-138
25-143
25-136

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 21

ie_TimeStanmp,

ie_X,

ie Y,
IECLASS_ACTIVEWINDOW,
IECLASS_CLOSEWINDOW,
IECLASS_DISKINSERTED,
IECLASS_DISKREMOVED,
IECLASS_EVENT,
IECLASS_GADGETDOWN,
IECLASS_GADGETUP,
IECLASS_INACTIVEWINDOW,
IECLASS_MAX,
IECLASS_MENULIST,
IECLASS_NEWPREES,
IECLASS_NULL,
IECLASS_POINTERPOS,
IECLASS_RAWKEY,
IECLASS_RAWMOUSE,
IECLASS_REFRESHWINDOW,
IECLASS_REQUESTER,
IECLASS_SIZEWINDOW,
IECLASS_TIMER,
IECODE_ASCII_DEL,
IECODE_ASCII_FIRST,
IECODE_ASCII_LAST,
IECODE_CO_FIRST,
IECODE_CO_LAST,
IECODE_C1_FIRST,
IECODE_C1_LAST,
IECODE_COMM_CODE_FIRST,
IECODE_COMM_CODE_LAST,
IECODE_KEY_CODE_FIRST,
IECODE_KEY_CODE_LAST,
IECODE_LATIN1_FIRST,
IECODE_LATIN1_LAST,
IECODE_LBUTTON,
IECODE_MBUTTON,
IECODE_NEWACTIVE,
IECODE_NOBUTTON,
IECODE_RBUTTON,
IECODE_REQCLEAR,
IECODE_REQSET,
IECODE_UP_PREFIX,
IECODEB_UP_PREFIX,
IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK,
IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL,
IEQUALIFIER_INTERRUPT,
IEQUALIFIER_LALT,
IEQUALIFIER_LBUTTON,
IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND,
IEQUALIFIER_LSHIET,
IEQUALIFIER_MBUTTON,
IEQUALIFIER_MULTI BROADCAST,
IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD,
IEQUALIFIER_RALT,
IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 22

IEQUALIEFIER_RCOMMAND ,
IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE,
IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT,
IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT,
IEQUALIFIERB_CAPSLOCK,
IEQUALIFIERB_CONTROL,
IEQUALIFIERB_INTERRUPT,
IEQUALIFIERB_LALT,
IEQUALIFIERB_LBUTTON,
IEQUALIFIERB_LCOMMAND,
TEQUALIFIERB_LSHIFT,
IEQUALIFIERB_MBUTTON,
IEQUALIFIERB_MULTI BROADCAST,
IEQUALIFIERB_NUMERICPAD,
IEQUALIFIERB_RALT,
IEQUALIFIERB_RBUTTON,
IEQUALIFIERB_RCOMMAND
IEQUALIFIERB_RELATIVEMOUSE ,
IEQUALIFIERB_REPEAT,
IEQUALIFIERB_RSHIET,

ig_Height,
“tere eData,
g_Le ftEdge,
ear enenen ge
ig_PlaneOnOff,
g_PlanePick,
ig_SIZEOF,
ig_TopEdge,

i idth,
gnored,
im_Class,
im_Code,
im_ExecMessage,
im_IAddress,
im_IDCMPWindovw,

im_MouseY,
im_Quali fier,
im_Seconds,
im_SIZEOEF,
im_SpecialLink,
image,
IMAGE_NEGATIVE,
IMAGE_POSITIVE,
imagery,
INACTIVEWINDOW,
IND_ADDHANDLER,
IND_REMHANDLER,
IND_SETMPORT,
IND_SETMTRIG,
IND_SETMTYPE,
IND_SETPERIOD,
IND_SETTHRESH,

25-142
25-140
25-141
25-53
25-41
25-51
25-49
25-27
25-33
25-35
25-55
25-58
25-39
25-47
25-21
25-29
25-23
25-25
25-45
25-37
25-43
25-31
25-74
25-72
25-73
25-70
25-71
25-75
25-76
25-66
25-67
25-64
25-65
25-77
25-78
25-81
25-83
25-87
25-84
25-82
25-94
25-92
25-62
25-63
25-102
25-104
25-118
25-106
25-122
25-110
25-98
25-126
25-120
25-114
25-108
25-124

25-112
25-128
25-116
25-100
25-103
25-105
25-119
25-107
25-123
25-111
25-99

25-127
25-121
25-115
25-109
25-125
25-113
25-129
25-117
25-101
37-89

27-769
27-768
27-770
27-763
27-830
27-823
27-822

27-833, 48-60, 48-61

27-765
27-767
27-349
27-855
27-859
27-846
27-868
27-888
27-883
27-876
27-877
27-863
27-882
27-893
27-891
27-175,
27-1610
27-1609
27-256,
27-934
24-19
24-20
24-24
24-26
24-25
24-23
24-22

27-253,

27-272,

27-363, 27-761,

27-363, 27-782

D - 13

27-778,

27-828

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 23

IND_WRITEEVENT,
Info,
InfoData,
InitAnimate,
initialize,
inner -Window,
Input,
roca
INREQUEST,
INTB_AUDO,
INTB_AUD1,
INTB_AUD2,
INTB_AUD3,
INTB_BLIT,
INTB_COPER,
INTB_DSKBLK,
INTB_DSKSYNC,
INTB_EXTER,
INTB_INTEN,
INTB_PORTS,
INTB_RBE,
INTB_SETCLR,
INTB_SOETINT,
INTB_TBE,
INTB_VERTB,
integer,
intena,
intenar,
INTERLACE,
Peon ape:
INTE_AUDO,
INTF_AUD1,
INTF_AUD2,
INTE_AUD3,
INTE_BLIT,
INTE_COPER,
INTE_DSKBLK,
INTE_DSKSYNC,
INTE_EXTER,
INTE_INTEN,
INTE_PORTS,
INTE_RBE,
INTE_SETCLR,
INTE_SOETINT,
INTE_TBE,
INTE_VERTB,
intreq,
intreqr,
meets
Intuit,
IntuiText,
INTUITICKS,
IntuitionBase,
Lo_Actual,
IO_BAUD,
IO_BRKTIME,

24-21
17-32
16-94
20-49
27-1259
27-1095
17-22
25-133,
27-1154
26 - 26
26-25
26-24
26-23
26-27
26-29
26-32
26-21
26-20
26-19
26-30
26-22
26-16
26-31
26-33
26-28
27-637
11-85
11-34
14-24
12-33, 22-16
26-45
26-44
26-43
26-42
26-46
26-48
26-51
26-40
26-39
26-38
26-49
26-41
26-37
26-50
26-52
26-47
11-86
11-35
27-844
27-349
27-670
27-938
28-46,
8-48
40-117
40-118

27-61

28-53

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 24

io_ClipID,

io_Data,
io_DestCols,
io_DestRovws,
1o_Device,
io_Error,
IO_EXTELAGS,
io_Flags,
io_Length,
io_Message,
io_Modes,
io_Offset,
IO_PARFLAGS,
io_Parm0,
io_Parnl,
io_Parn2,
io_Parn3,
IO_PARSTATUS,
IO_PEXTELAGS,
io_PrtCommand,
IO_PTERMARRAY,
io_RastPort,
IO_RBUELEN,

1o_SrcHeight,
1o_SrcWidth,
io_Srcx,
io_Srcy,
IO_STATUS,
IO_STOPBITS,
IO_TERMARRAY,
io_Unit,
IO_WRITELEN,
ioa_AllocKey,
ioa_Cycles,
ioa_Data,
ioa_Len P
jioa_Period,
ioa_SIZEOE,
ioa_Volune,
ioa_WriteMsg,
IOAudio,

Locr_SIZEOE.

iodrpr_SIZEOE,

IODRPReq,

IoErr,

IOEXTPAR,

IOEXTPar_SIZE,
IOEXTPar_SIZE-IOEXTSER_SIZE,

2-44, 36-129,
36-147
36-144
36-143
36-141
36-142
40-124
40-122
40-119

8-44

40-121

2-45

2-50

2-46

2-47

2-48

2-52

2-49

2-51

2-44

8-41

8-53

36-148
36-137

17-35

34-95
34-123, 37-90,
37-89, 37-94

36-137, 44-36

37-91

D- 14

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 25

IOEXTSER,
IOEXTSER_SIZE,
IOEXTTD,
IOPAR,
Lopcr_SIZEOF,
IOPrtCadReq,
IOP?”

IORO,

IOR1,

IOSER,

IOST,
IOSTD_SIZE,
IOTD_COUNT,
IOTD_SECLABEL,
IOTD_SIZE,
IOTV_SIZE,
IOTV_TIME,
IS_SIZE,

ISDRAWN,
ISGRTRX,
ISGRTRY,
IsInteractive,
ISLESSX,
ISLESSY,

Lt;
it_BackPen,
it_DrawMode,
it_FrontPen,
it_I Text,
it_ITextFont,
it_KludgeFill00,
it_LeftEdge,
it_NextText,
it_SIZEOE,
it_TopEdge,
ITALIC,

iten,

I TEMENABLED,
items,
ITEMTEXT,
IText,

its,

IV_SIZE,
joyOdat,
joyldat,
Joys’:

KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER,
KBD_READEVENT,
KBD_READMATRIX,
KBD_REMRESETHANDLER,
KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE ,
KC_NOQUAL,
KC_VANILLA,
KCB_CONTROL,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 26

ICK,
km_HiCapsable,
km_HikKeyMap,

km_HiRepeatable,
sable,
km_LoKeyMap,
km_LoKeyMap 8,
kan_LoRepeatable,
kon_SIZEOF,
KNOBHIT,
KNOBHMIN,
KNOBVMIN,

Layer,
Layer_Info,
LayerInfo,
LayerInfo_extra,
layers,

leaves,

left,

LEEFTBORDER,
LeftTop,

LETTER,
li_broadcast,

li ereserved,
i_check_lp,
li_LayerInfo_extra,
li_Lock,
1i_Locker,
li_locknest,
li_LockPort,
li_longreserved,
li_obs,

li_pad,
1i4_RP_ReplyPort,
1i_SIZEOF,
li_top_layer,
li_wordreserved,
LIB_BASE,
LIB_SIZE,
LIBINIT,

library,
lie_blitbuff,
lie_env,
lie_FreeClipRects,
lie_men,

40-91
37-95,
45-105
34-74,
36-135
36-129
34-77,
37-76
37-77
40-71,
40-74,
33-58,
45-106
45-107
45-108
37-99, 44-38

44-37

6-23, 12-48, 12-49, 12-50,
12-65, 22-30, 22-31, 22-32
27-183

7-68

7-69

17-49

7-66

7-67

27-337, 27-389, 27-1724
27-674

27-676

27-672

27-706

27-704

27-696

27-699

27-708

27-711

27-701

43-20

27-115, 27-158, 27-165
27-166

27-120

27-157

27-1732

27-1157

6-24, 6-25, 6-26, 6-27, 6-28
11-24
11-25
11-47
4-48,
29-21
29-19
29-20
29-22
29-23
30-28
30-29
30-32

37-96, 40-142

34-75, 34-76

34-78, 34-79, 34-80

40-72,
40-75,
34-95,

40-73
40-76,
40-91,

40-77, 40-78
45-105

12-63, 12-64,

4-48, 16-116, 16-116

30-34
30-25
30-37
30-31
30-33
30-35
30-26
30-30
30-38
30-13
4-43
30-20
30-19
30-18
30-21
30-16
30-15
30-14
30-17
30-22
27-590
27-593
27-594
7-15
31-32
27-1357
31-16
27-41
27-337
27-380
27-451
27-741
27-1602
31-39
31-43
31-34
31-46
31-38
31-42
31-40
31-37
31-45
31-35
31-41
31-36
27-1356, 31-47
31-33
31-44
12-105, 32-48
6-18, 12-55, 18-150,
12-105, 32-48
16-16, 23-31
31-20
31-17
31-19
31-18

22-19, 28-48, 32-44, 37-47

D- 15

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 27

lie_SIZEOEF,
like,
LINEMODE,
list,
listing,

LMN_REGION,
LN_PRI,
LoadSeg,
location,

Lock,
LONELYMESSAGE,
LONGINT,
LOWCHECKWIDTH,
LOWCOMMWI1 DTH,
lr__cliprects,
r_pl,

lr_Back,
lr_ClipRect,
fcr,

lr_cr2,
lr_crnew,
lr_DamageList,
lr_Flags,
lr_Front,
lr_l1_LockMessage,
lr_LayerInfo,
lr_LayerLockCount,
lr_LayerLocker,
lr_Lock,
lr_LockCount,
lr_LockMessage,
lr_LockPort,
lr_MaxX,
lr_MaxyY,
lr_Minx,
l[r_MinyY,
lr_RastPort,
lr_ReplyPort,
lr_reserved,
lr_reservedl,
lr_Scroll_X,
lr_Scroll_y,
lr_SIZEOE,
lr_SuperBitMap,
lr_SuperClipRect,
lr_SuperSaverClipRects,
lr_Window,
M_ASM,

M_AWM,

M_LNM,

31-21
27-866
3-67

27-217
27-53,
27-318, 27-372, 27-425,
27-584, 27-638, 27-691,
27-851, 27-905, 27-959,
27-1118, 27-1171,

27-106, 27-159, 27-212,

27-1225, 27-1278,

27-265,
27-478, 27-531,
27-744, 27-798,
27-1012, 27-1065,
27-1331,

27-1384, 27-1437, 27-1491, 27-1544, 27-1597,

27-1650,
31-23
37-59
17-38
27-666
17-27
27-950
27-461
27-1711
27-1712
7-40
7-47
7-17
7-18
7-44
7-45
7-46
7-39
7-29
7-16
7-38
7-41
7-26
7-42
7-24
7-25
7-36
7-35
7-22
7-23
7-20
7-21
7-19
7-37
7-27
7-28
7-33
7-34
7-48
7-30
7-31
7-43
7-32
9-95
9-98
9-94

27-1704, 28-53

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 28

MALE,

MAXBODY,
MAXBYTESPERROW,
MAXCYLS,
MAXFONTNAME ,
MAXEFONTPATH,
MAXFREQ,
MAXINT,
MAXPITCH,
MAXPOT,
MAXRATE ,
MAXRETRY,
MAXVOL,

ne,

means,
mem_node,
memnode_how_big,
mnemnode_pred,
memnode_SIZEOF,
memnode_succ,
memnode_where,
MEMORY,

Menu,
MENUCANCEL,
MENUENABLED,
MENUHOT,
Menulten,
MENUNULL,
MENUPICK,
Menus,
MENUSTATE,
MENUTOGCLE,
MENUTOGGLED,
MENUVERIFEY,
MENUWAITING,
mi_Command,
mi_Flags,
mi_Height,
mi_ItemFill,
mi_KludgeFill00,
mi_LeftEdge,
mi_MutualExclude,
mi_NextIten,
mi_NextSelect,
mi_SelectFill,
mi_SIZEOE,
mi_SubI ten,
mi_TopEdge,
mi_Width,
Micros,
MIDRAWN,
MINEREQ,
MININT,
MINPITCH,
MINRATE,
MINVOL,

33-20,
27-595
3-34
45-33
13-41, 13-55
13-23, 13-26
33-32
16-37
33-30
27-596
33-28
45-37
33-34
27-949
27-525
31-25
31-29
31-27
31-30
31-26
31-28
13-60
27-68
27-963
27-89
27-957
27-101
27-1691
27-915
27-1157
27-1156
27-164
27-186
27-923
27-965
27-126
27-112
27-111
27-117
27-142
27-104
27-114
27-103
27-150
27-123
27-152
27-145
27-105
27-110
27-880
27-92
33-31
16-38
33-29
33-27
33-33

33-22

D - 16

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 29

MinWidth,

misc,

MI SCNAME,
MiscResource,
mode,

MODE_640,
MODE_NEWEFILE,
MODE_OLDFILE,
MOUSEBUTTONS,
MOUSEMOVE,
MP_SIZE,
mr_AllocArray,
MR_ALLOCMI SCRESOURCE,
MR_FREEMISCRESOURCE,
MR_PARALLELBITS,
MR_PARALLELPORT,
MR_SERIALBITS,
MRE_SERIALPORT,
mr_Sizeof,

MRB,

MRB_HEIGHT,
MRB_PAD,
MRB_SHAPE,
MRB_SIZE,
MRB_WIDTH,
MTYPE_CLOSEDOWN,
MTYPE_DISKCHANGE,
MTYPE_IOPROC,
MTYPE_PSTD,
MTYPE_TIMER,
MTYPE_TOOLEXIT,
mu_BeatX,
mu_BeatyY,
mu_FirstIten,
mu_Flags,
mu_Height,
mu_JazzX,
mu_JazzyY,

mu_Le ftEdge,
mu_MenuNane,
mu_NextMenu,
mu_SIZEOF,
mu_TopEdge,
mu_Width,
MUSTDRAW,

N,
N_TRACTOR,
NABC,

NABNC,
NANBC,
NANBNC,
NATURALE0O,
ND_CantAlloc,
ND_Expunged,
ND_FregErr,
ND_MakeBad,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 30

ND_ModeErr,
ND_NoAudLib,
ND_NoMen,
ND_NotUsed,
ND_NowWrite,
ND_PhoneErr,
ND_PitchErr,
ND_RateErr,
ND_SexErr,
ND_Unimp1,
ND_UnitErr,
ND_VolErr,

NEWLAYERINEO_CALLED,
NEWPREES,
NewScreen,
NEWSIZE,
NewWindow,

next,

no,
NO_ICON_POSITION,
NOCAREREFRESH,
NOCROSSFILL,
nodes,

NOITEM,

NOMENU,

NOSUB,

not,
notwithstanding,
ns_BlockPen,
ns_DefaultTitle,
eee
ns_DetailPen,
ns_Font,
ns_Gadgets,
ns_Height,
Barta 7
ns_SIZEOE,
ns_TopEdge,

ns_Type,
ns_ViewModes,
ns_Width,
NULL,

27-1263
32-54
32-53
32-44
27-456
14-16
16-24
16-22
27-903
27-909

7-35, 7-37, 18-35,

32-45
32-49
32-50
32-40
32-39
32-38
32-37
32-46
33-75
33-77
33-79
33-78
33-80
33-76
48-142
48-140
48-143
48-138
48-141
48-139
27-83
27-84
27-77
27-75
27-74
27-81
27-82
27-71
27-76
27-70
27-86
27-72
27-73
20-17
16-114
27-1624
3-42
3-43
3-44
3-45
33-18,
33-43
33-46
33-52
33-41

33-51
33-40
33-39
33-38
33-45
33-47
33-49
33-48
33-50
33-44
33-42
33-53
33-58
33-68
33-63
33-61
33-67
33-69
33-64
33-70
33-60
33-59
33-66
33-62
33-71,
33-65
31-49
27-924
27-1415
27-900
27-1197
27-148
27-819
48-168
27-1162
38-47

8-14, 13-14,

27-1689
27-1688
27-1690
27-397
27-875
27-1425
27-1434
27-1421
27-1423
27-1432
27-1436
27-1420
27-1417
27-1454
27-1418
27-1430
27-1428
27-1419
27-124,

33-23

33-75

27-307,

36-20,

31-36,

27-619

D-17

31-37,

37-15, 48-19

37-81,

37-100

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 31

nw_BitMap,
nw_BlockPen,
nw_CheckMark,
nw_DetailPen,
nw_FirstGadget,
nw_Flags,
nw_Height,
nw_IDCMPF lags,
nw_Le ftEdge,
nw_MaxHeight,
nw_MaxWidth,
nw_MinHeight,
nw_MinWidth,
nw_Screen,
nw_SIZE,
nw_Title,
nw_TopEdge,
nw_ e,
nw_Width,

O,

OCTANT1,
OCTANT 2,
OCTANT 3,
OCTANT4,
OCTANTS,
OCTANT6,
OCTANT7,
OCTANTS,
OFFSET_BEGINING,
OFFSET_BEGINNING,
OFESET_CURRENT,
OFESET_END,
offsets,
offwindow,

OK,
OKIMATE_20,
on,

one,

operation,
option,

order,
OTHER_REFRESH,
Output,
OUTSTEP,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 32

over,
OVERLAY,
OVERRUN ,
OVELAG,
OWNBLITTERn,

P,

P_PRIORITY,
P_STKSIZE,
PAPEROUT,

PAR,
Par_DEVEFINISH,
arallel,
PARALLEL_PRINTER,
PARALLELNAME ,
ParentDir,
ParErr_Bu fTooBig,
ParErr_DevBusy,
ParErr_InitErr,
ParErr_InvParan,
ParErr_LineErr,
ParErr_NotOpen,
ParErr_PortReset,
PARTY_ODD,
PARTY_ON,

PBUSY,

PCC_BW,

PCC_YMC,
PCC_YMC_BW,
PCC_YMCB,

pa acct

__IORO,

IORI,

pad_IORPort,

_pad,

pd_PBo eady,
pd_Pre ferences,
rintBuf,
pd_PrinterSegment,
rinter ,
pd_PWaitEnabled,
pd_PWrite,
pd_SegmentData,
pd_SIZEOF,

P _QUERY,
PDCMD_SETPARAMS,
PDERR_BADDIMENSION,
PDERR_BUFEERMEMORY,
PDERR_CANCEL,
PDERR_DIMENSIONOVELOW,
PDERR_INTERNALMEMORY,
PDERR_INVERTHAM,
PDERR_NOTGRAPHICS,

45-32, 45-33

45-36

32-42

45-35

45-38

45-39

27-1248

27-1206

27-1230

27-1204

27-1219

27-1211

27-1202

27-1209

27-1199

27-1272

27-1271

27-1270

27-1269

27-1241

27-1287, 48-47, 48-71
27-1232

27-1200

27-1285

27-1201

4-47, 16-114, 16-115
3-87

3-86

3-85

3-84

3-83

3-82

3-81

3-80

16-32

16-28, 16-32

16-29
16-30
27-208,
27-276
27-251
27-1638
27-1157
27-1149, 27-1277,
38-43, 38-105
38-104
3-71
27-80,
17-18
27-964
27-1253
20-55, 27-397,
27-136, 27-233,
27-1135

17-23

20-36

27-210

27-1718

27-780

27-418
27-686, 27-1340

27-404,
20-16
40-78
3-72
22-55
37-76,
37-72
37-73,

27-1031

37-77, 37-78

37-102

34-72, 34-73
34-68,
27-1574
34-67
17-48
34-35
34-34
34-40
34-36
34-37
34-38
34-39
40-69
40-70
34-78
37-116
37-117
37-118
37-119
37-103
37-90,
37-91,
37-100
37-104
37-87
37-105
37-85
37-82
37-83
37-106
37-86
37-84
37-107
37-102
37-101
37-99
37-81
34-48
34-49
36-166
36-169
36-163
36-167
36-168
36-165
36-164

37-31

37-95
37-96

D- 18

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 33

Close,
ped_ColorClass,
ped_Commands,
ped_DoSpecial,
ped ond g
ped_Init,
ped_MaxColumns,
ped_MaxXDots,
ped_MaxYDots,
ped_NunCharSets,
ped_NumRows,

ped_Open,
ped_PrinterClass,
ped_PrinterNane,
ped_Render,

ped_SIZEOF,
ped_TimeoutSecs,

ped_XDotsiInch,
ped_YDotsInch,
percentage,

PF 2PRI,
pf_BaudRate,
pf_color0O,
pf_colorl,
pf_color1l7,
pf_colorls,
pf_colorl9,
pf_color2,
pf_color3,
f_DoubleClick,
—SCROLL_MASK,
pf_FontHeight,
pf_KeyRptDelay,
pf_KeyRptSpeed,
pt_padding,
pf_PaperLen ;
St_Papers ze,
pf_PaperType,
pf_PointerMatrix,
pf_PointerTicks,
pf_PrintAspect,
pf_PrinterFilename,
pf_PrinterPort,
pf_PrinterType,
pf_PrintImage,
pf_PrintLeftMargin,
pf_PrintPitch,
pf_PrintQuality,
pf_PrintRightMargin,
pf_PrintShade,
pf_PrintSpacing,
pf_PrintThreshold,
prance:
pf_ViewInitx,
pf_ViewInity,
pf_ViewXOffset,

PF_FI

27-1534

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 34

pf_ViewYOffset,
pf_x0ffset,

ee cence.
PFA_FINE_SCROLL,
PEB_FINE_SCROLL_SHIFT,
pi_CHeight,
pi_Cwidth,

pi_Flags,
pi_HorizBody,
pi_HorizPot,

Pon ae

pi_Le ftBorder,
i_SIZEOE,
pi_TopBorder,
pi_VertBody,
pi_VertPot,
pi_VPotRes,

PICA,

lane,

anes,

PLN SK,
PLNCNTSHET,
ointer,
POINTERSIZE,
POINTREL,
potodat,
potidat,
potgo,
POTGONAMWE ,
potinp,

PPC,
PPC_BWALPHA,
PPC_BWGFX,
PPC_COLORGEX,

pr_CLI,
pr_ConsoleTask,
pr_Cos,
pr_CurrentDir,
pr_FileSystenTask,
pr_GlobVec,
pr_MsgPort,
pra ace
pr_PktWait,
r_Result2,
eturnAddr,
pr_SegList,
pr_SIZEOE,
pr_StackBase,
pr_StackSize,
r_Task,
pr_TaskNun,
r_WindowPtr,
PRD_DUMPRPORT,
PRD_PRTCOMMAND,
PRD_RAWWRITE,

pr

27-1535

27-1520

27-1521

14-27

14-28

27-573

27-571

27-511

27-567

27-S27

27-575

27-577

27-579, 48-62, 48-63
27-578
27-568
27-529
27-576
27-1592
27-788
27-780,
14-17
14-19
27-270,
27-1474
27-269
11-29
11-30
11-46,
35-7
d1=31
37-109, 37-110
37-112

37-113

37-114

18-44

18-48

18-46

18-45

18-43

18-47

18-39

18-35

18-36

18-50

18-42

18-49

18-37

18-52

18-41

18-38

18-34

18-40

18-51

36-39

36-38

36-37

27-819

27-1519

35-8

D- 19

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 35

PREDRAWN,
Preferences,
PRIMARY_CLIP,
PrinterData,
PrinterExtendedData,
PrinterSegment,
Process,
PROPBORDERLESS,
PROPGADGET,
PropIinfo,
Proportional,
ps_NextSegment,
ps_PED,
ps_Revision,
ps_runAlert,
ps_Version,
PTERMARRAY,
PTERMARRAY_0O,
PTERMARRAY_1,
PTERMARRAY_SIZE,
QBOWNER,,
QBOWNERn ,
Qualifier,
UEUVED,
QUEUVEDBRK,
QueuvePacket,
QUME_LP_20,
ra_MaxX,
ra_MaxyY,
ra_Minx,
ra_MinyY,
ra_SIZEOE,
RAD_BOOGIE,
RasInfo,
rastport,

RA Y;
READ,
READBREAK,
receive,
RECOVERY_ALERT,
Rectangle,
reflects,
refptr,
REFRESH,
REFRESHBITS,
REFRESHWINDOW,
Region,
RegionRectangle,
rel,
relative,
RELVERIFY,
RemBob,
Remember,
REMOVED,

27-271
27-1500
8-57
37-80
37-121
37-142
18-33
27-589
27-494
27-509
27-343,
37-143
37-147
37-146
37-144
37-145
34-80
34-85
34-86
34-87
34-88,
22-58
22-56,
27-862
34-74,
40-67
17-41
27-1639
18-122
21-27
21-28
21-25
21-26
21-29,
34-72,
47-60
27-37,
27-918
16-71,
40-76
27-424
27-1721
21-24,
27-1484
11-40
27-1163
27-1131
27-901
39-13
39-18
27-378
27-873
27-406
20-54
27-1659
43-32

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 36

Renane,
render,
REPORTMOUSE,
REQACTIVE,
REQCLEAR,

RE GET,
REQOFEWINDOW,
REQSET,
Requester,

R esters,
REQVERIFY.

reserve,
reserved,
resource,
restored,
RETURN_ERROR,
RETURN_FAIL,

REVPATH,
rg_bounds,
Beg Oe a aoe.
rg_SIZEOE
r

ri_RxOffset,
ri_RyOffset,
ri_SIZEOE,
RIGHTBORDER,
RINGTRIGGER,
rm_Menory,
rm_NextRemember,
rm_RememberSize,
rm_SIZEOE,
RMB

rn_ConsoleSegment,
rn_Info,
rn_RestartSeg,
rn_SIZEOE,
rn_TaskArray,
rn_Tine,
ROBOTICEO,
ROMEONT,

RootNode,

RP,

rp goer ee
rp_AOLPen,
rp_ArealIn fo,
rp_AreaPtrn,
rp_AreaPtSz,
rp_BgPen,
rp_BitMap,
RP_COMPLEMENT.
rp_cp_x,

rp_cp_y.
rp_DrawMode,

17-26
27-723
27-1140
27-277
27-921
27-477
27-275
27-914
27-197,
27-418,
27-920
17-8
27-244,

5-7, 5-11, 12-101,

27-434
16-146
16-147
16-144
16-145
43-27
39-14
39-15
39-16
47-62
47-61
47-63
A7-64
47-65
27-450
20-43
27-1663

18-160
38-42,
38-81
38-68
38-63
38-61
38-70
38-67
38-60
38-52
38-75
38-76
38-69

43-30

34-122
22-58

37-62, 4

39-14,

40-66

38-58

17-20

27-817,

27-200
27-1005

27-260

0-71

39-21

27-821

38-43, 38-44,

38-46,

32-54, 35-8

38-47,

38-56

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 37

rp_Dumny,
rp_FgPen,
rp_Flags,
rp_Font,
rp_Gelsinfo,
RP_INVERSVID,
RP_JAM1,
RP_JAM2,
rp_Layer,
rp_LinePtrn,
rp_linpatcnt,
rp_longreserved,
rp_Mask,
rp_mninterns,
rp_PenHeight,
rp_PenWidth,
rp_reserved,
rp_RP_User,
rp_SIZEOF,
ee as,
rp_TxBaseline,
rp_TxFlags,
rp_TxHeight,
rp_TxSpacing,
rp_TxWidth,
rp_wordreserved,
rq_BackFill,

rq_ Flags,

rq Height,

apo cce 00,
rq- ftEdge,
rq_OlderRequest,
rq RelLeft,
rq_RelTop,
rq_ReqBMap,

rq ReqText,
rq_RWindow,
rq_SIZEOF,
rq_TopEdge,
rq_Width,
rr_bounds,
rr_Next,
rr_Prev,
rr_SIZEOE,
RWDIR,

o

sane,

Satis 8g,
eatistyMeg SIZEOE,
save,

SAVEBACK,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 38

SAVEBOB,
SAVEPRESERVE,
sc_BarHBorder,
sc_BarHeight,
sc_BarVBorder,
sc_BitMap,
sc_BlockPen,
sc_DefaultTitle,
sc_DetailPen,
sc_ExtData,
sc_FirstGadget,
ac_FirstWindow,
sc_Flags,
sc_Font,
sc_Height,
sc_KludgeFili00,
sc_Layerinfo,
sc_Le ftEdge,
gsc_MenuHBorder,
sc_MenuVBorder,
sc_MouseX,
sc_MouseY,
sc_NextScreen,
sc_RastPort,
sc_SaveColor0,
sc_SIZEOE,
sc_Title,
ac_TopEdge,
sc_UserData,
sc_ViewPort,
sc_WBorBotton,
sc_WBorLeft,
sc_WBorRight,
sc_WBorTop,
sc_Width,
screen,
Screens,
SCREENTYPE,
SCRGADGET,
sd_ctl,
sd_dataa,
sd_datab,

selectors,

é

SER_CTL,
SER_DBAUD,
SER_DEVFINISH,

38-71
38-66
38-73
38-80
38-64
38-53
38-50
27-1736,
38-59
38-74

38-87
27-1353,
38-62
38-85
38-82

8-59
8-63
27-1025
20-15

17-24
27-148,
27-784

40-63, 40-64, 40-65, 40-66, 40-67, 40-68,

38-51

38-91

77
4-47, 16-114, 16-115, 27-307, 27-368
27-774

27-385, 27-1298, 27-1318,

27-156, 27-391, 48-130

40-69, 40-70

40-34
40-35
40-46

27-1390,

27-1449

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 39

serdat,

serdatr,
SerErr_BaudMismatch,
SerErr_BufErr,
SerErr_Bu fOver flow,
SerErr_DetectedBreak,
SerErr_DevBusy,
SerErr_IniteErr,
SerErr_InvBaud,
SerErr_InvParan,
SerErr_LineErr,
SerErr_NoCTS,
SerErr_NoDSR,
SerErr_Not Z
SerErr_ParityErr,
SerErr_PortReset,
SerErr_TimerErr,
serial,
SERIAL_PRINTER,
SERIALNAME,

serper,

SERVICING,
SetComment,
SetProtection,
settings,
SGR_BLACK,
SGR_BLACKBG,
SGR_BLUE,
SGR_BLUEBG,

SGR_CYANBG,
SGR_DEFAULT,
SGR_DEFAULTBG,
SGR_GREEN,
SGR_GREENBG,
SGR_ITALIC,
SGR_MAGENTA,
SGR_MAGENTABG,
SGR_NEGATIVE,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 40

SGR_PRIMARY,
SGR_RED,
SGR_REDBG,
SGR_UNDERSCORE,
SGR_WHITE,
SGR_WHITEBG,
SGR_YELLOW,
SGR_YELLOWBCG,
SHADE_BW,
SHADE_COLOR,
SHADE_GREYSCALE,
SHARED,
SHARED_LOCK,
SHOWTITLE,
si_AltKeyMap,
si_Buffer,
si_BufferPos,
si_CLeft,
si_CTop,
si_DispCount,
si_DispPos,
si_LayerPtr,
si_LongInt,
8i_MaxChars,
si_NumChars,
si_SIZEOE,
si_UndoBuf fer,
si_UndoPos,
SIGBREAK,

SIGNELAG,
SIMPLE_REFRESH,
SimpleSprite,
SINGLE,
SIX_LPI,
SIZEBBOTTOM,
SIZEBRIGHT,
SIZEOF_VIEW,
sizes,
SIZEVERIFY,
SIZING,
sm_ArgList,
sm_ClipID,
sm_Message,
sm_Msg,
sm_NumArgs,
sm_Process,
sm_Segment,
sm_SIZEOEF,
sm_ToolWindow,
sm_Unit,
SMART_REFRESH,
some,
something,
sp_Msg,

eee ‘
sp_SIZEOE,

11-44

11-32

40-153
40-155
40-163
40-166
40-152
40-161
40-154
40-156
40-157
40-165
40-164
40-158
40-160
40-159
40-162

37-34, 40-60

27-1575

27-517,
9-39
9-49
9-43
9-53
9-33
9-61
9-70
9-62
9-71
9-63
9-72
9-64
9-73
9-65
9-74
9-66
9-75
9-67
9-76
9-68
9-77
9-45
9-55
9-AT
9-57
9-4Al
9-51
9-34
9-44
9-54
9-36

9-32
9-40
9-50
9-35
9-46
9-56
9-42
9-52
27-1617
27-1619
27-1618

27-523

34-71, 40-65

16-41
27-1398
27-655
27-613
27-617
27-630
27-631
27-628
27-620
27-632
27-645
27-618
27-626
27-657
27-615
27-625
16-150,
3-73
27-1133
41-8
27-1589
27-1605
27-1125
27-1123
28-49
27-1257
27-899
27-483
42-32
8-62
42-27
8-60
42-30
42-28
42-29
42-33
42-31
8-61
27-1132
27-130,
27-371
18-107
18-108
18-109

16-151, 16-152,

27-227,

27-680,

16-153

27-1330

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 41

SPECIAL_ASPECT,
SPECIAL_DENSITY1,
SPECIAL_DENSITY2,
SPECIAL_DENSITY3,
SPECIAL_DENSITY4,

SPECIAL_DENSITYMASK,
SPECIAL_FRACCOLS,
SPECIAL_FRACROWS,
SPECIAL_FULLCOLS,
SPECIAL_FULLROWS ,

SPECIAL_MILCOLS,
SPECIAL_MILROWS,
SpecialiInfo,
specify,

spr,

sprite,

sprpt,

SRCA,

SRCB,

SRCC,

ss_height,
ss_nun,
ss_posctlidata,
ss_SIZEOE,

8s_x,

ss_y,

standard,

StandardPacket,

still,
STOPPED,
strequ,
STRGADGET,
strhor,
String,
STRINGCENTER,
StringInfo,
STRINGRIGHT,
strings,
striong,
strvbl,
submitted,
SUD,

SUL,
SUPER_BITMAP,
SUPER_UNUSED,
SUPERONT,
support,
SUSERFLAGS.
SYSGADGET,
SYSREQUEST,
ta_Flags,
ta_Name,
ta_SIZEOE,
ta_Style,
ta_YSize,
TALLDOT,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 42

tasks,
TBC_HCLRTAB,
TBC_HCLRTABSALL,
TC_SIZE,

TD,

TD_CHANGENUM,
TD_CHANGESTATE,
TD_EORMAT,
TD_LABELSIZE,
TD_LASTCOMM,
TD_MOTOR,

TD_NAME ,
TD_PROTSTATUS,
TD_REMOVE,
TD_SECSHIET,
TD_SECTOR,
TD_SEEK,
TDERR_BadDrive e,
TDERR_BadHdrSun,
TDERR_BadSecHdr,
TDERR_BadSecID,
TDERR_BadSecPreamble,
TDERR_BadSecSun,
TDERR_BadUnitNun,
TDERR_DiskChanged,
TDERR_DrivelInUse,
TDERR_NoMen,
TDERR_NoSecHdr ,
TDERR_NotSpeci fied,
TDERR_SeekError,
TDERR_TooFewSecs,
TDERR_WriteProt,
TDE_EXTCOM,

TextAttr,
TextEont,
tf_Accessors,
tf_Baseline,
tf_BoldSmear,
tf_CharData,
tf_CharKern,
tf_CharLoc,
tf_CharSpace,
tf_Flags,
tf_HiChar,
tf_LoCnhar,
tf_Modulo,
tf_SIZEOE,
tf_Style,
tf_XSize,
tf_YSize,
that,
TICKS_PER_SECOND,

36-156
36-158
36-159
36-160
36-161
36-157
36-154
36-155
36-152
36-153
36-150
36-151
27-508,
27-1017
11-115
27-1519
11-113
3-61
3-60
3-59
41-10
41-13
41-9
41-14
41-11
41-12
27-1042,
18-106
27-404
37-68
11-48
27-495
11-50

27-608

27-1215, 27-1361

27-343, 27-614, 27-646, 34-68, 40-60

27-458
27-609
27-459
34-21, 40-21
11-51
11-49
27-635
3-76
3-77
27-1134
27-1175
27-487
27-1369
20-13
27-474
27-278
43-40
43-37
13-65,
43-39
43-38
43-28

43-41

18-15,
9-90
9-91
18-34,
45-74
45-81
45-82
45-79,
4S-112
45-85
45-77,
45-69
45-83,
45-80
45-50
45-49
45-78,
45-133
45-124
45-127
45-123
45-122
45-125
45-132
45-129
45-134
45-131
4$-121
45-120
45-130
45-126
45-128

37-27, 48-27

37-101

45-96

45-94
45-85

45-95

45-92, 45-93, 45-94, 45-95, 45-96, 45-97, 45-98

40-81

40-82

40-83

40-84, 40-119
43-36

43-45

43-54

43-51

43-52

43-58

43-64

43-61

43-63

43-49

43-57

43-56

43-60

13-56, 43-65
43-48
43-50
43-47
27-115,
16-52

27-340, 27-790, 27-794,

D - 23

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 43

TIMEREQUEST,
TIMERNAME ,
TIMEVAL,

eurcon:
TOGGLESELECT,
too,

top,

topaz,
TOPAZ_EI j
TOPAZ_SIXTY,
TOPBORDER,
total,
TR_ADDREQUEST,
TR_GETSYSTIME,
TR_MakeBad,
TR_NoMen,
TR_NotUsed,
tr_RasPtr,
TR_SETSYSTIME,
tr_Size,
tr_SIZEOF,
trackdisk,
TV_MICRO,

g
ucl_CopList,
ucl_FirstCopList,
ucl_Next,
ucl_SIZEOE,
UCopList,
UNDERLINED,
UNIT_MICROHZ,
UNIT_VBLANK,
UnLoadSeg,
UnLock,

up,

UPKEYS,
US_LEGAL,
US_LETTER,
use,

used,
V_DUALPE,
v_Dx0Offset,

Vv Pee

—HAM ,
V_HIRES,
V_LACE,
v_LOEFCprList,
v_Modes,
V_PFBA,
v_SHFCprList,
v_SIZEOE,

44-36
44-26
44-31
38-15
27-455
27-743, 27-1424,
27-378
27-1480
27-1496
27-1497
27-452
27-561
44-42
44-43
46-12
46-11
46-10
38-16
44-44
38-17
38-18
45-70
44-33
44-32
25-142, 27-1512,
27-786
38-56
12-21, 18-12,
27-472
10-49
10-48
10-47
10-50
10-46
43-22
44-23
44-24
17-39
17-28
27-337
19-31
27-1623
27-1622
27-80, 27-521, 27-786
27-355, 27-809, 27-1075, 27-1222
47-13

47-50

47-49

47-16

47-14

47-15

AT-Al

47-51

47-12

47-48

47-52

27-1426

27-1513,

27-1390,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 44

V_SPRITES,
v_ViewPort,
value,
values,
VANILLAKEY,
variable,

version,
vhposr,
vhposvy,
view,
ViewPort,
vp_Clrins,
vp_ColorMap,
vp_DHeight,
vp_DspIns,
_DWidth,
vp_Dx0ffset,
vp_DyOffset,
vp_Modes,
vp_Next,
vp_RasIn fo,
vp_reserved,
vp_SIZEOE,
vp_Sprins,
vp_UCopIns,
osr,
VPOSRLOE ,

vposw,
VS,

vs_BorderLine,
vs_ClearPath,
vs_Coll1Mask,
vs_Depth,
vs_DrawPath,
vs_Height,
vs_HitMask,
vs_ImageData,
vs_MeMask,
va_NextVSprite,
vs_Oldx,
vs_Oldy,
vs_PlaneOnOff,
vs_PlanePick,
va_PrevvSprite,
vsa_SIZEOE,
vs_SprGolors,
vsa_SUserExt,
vsa_VSBob,
vs_VSF lags,
va_Width,
vs_X,

vs_Y,

vsize,
VSIZEBITS,

47-17
47-46
27-553
27-1488
27-937
27-508,
27-1239,
27-19
11-22
11-42
27-33, 28-24, 47-45
10-36, 47-28
47-33

47-30

47-36

47-31

47-35

47-317

47-38

47-39

47-29

47-41

47-40
27-1351, 47-42
47-32

47-34

11-21

14-40

11-41

20-14, 20-15,
20-21, 20-22,
20-88

20-68

20-89

20-82

20-67

20-80

20-84

20-85

20-83

20-62

20-72

20-71

20-106
20-105

20-63

20-108

20-91

20-107

20-92

20-74

20-81

20-79

27-608,
27-1486

27-803,

20-16, 20-17,
20-59

27-1514, 44-34, 44-37

32-6, 42-15, 48-15

27-1044, 27-1217,

20-19, 20-20,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 45

VSIZEMASK,
VSOVERELOW,
VSPRITE,
W_TRACTOR,
wa_Lock,
wa_Nane,
wa_SIZEOF,
WaitForCnhar,
want,

was,
wasting,

way,

WB_DISKMAGIC,

WB_DISKVERSION,
WBAr

WBDEVICE,
WBDISK,
WBDRAWER,
WBENCHCLOSE,
WBENCHMESSAGE,
WBENCHOPEN,
WBENCHSCREEN,
WBENCHWINDOW,
WBGARBAGE,
WBKICK,

WBOb ject,
WBPROJECT,
WBStartup,
WBTOOL,
wd_BlockPen,
wd_BorderBotton,
wd_BorderLeft,
wd_BorderRight,
wd_BorderRPort,
wd_BorderTop,
wd_CheckMark,
wa_Descendant,
wda_DetailPen,
wd_DMRequest,
wd_ExtData,
wd_FirstGadget,
wd_FirstRequest,
wd_Flags,
wd_GZZHeight,
wd_GZZMousex,
wd_GZZMouseY,
wa_GZZWidth,
wd_Height,
wd_IDCMPFlags,
wd_LeftEdge,
wda_MaxHeight,
wd_MaxWidth,
wd_MenuStrip,
wd_MessageKey,
wd_MinHeight,
wd_MinWidth,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 46

wd_MouseX,
wd_MouseY,
wd_NextWindow,
wd_Parent,
wd_Pointer,
wd_PtrHeight,
wda_PtrWidth,
wd_ReqCount,
wd_RPort,
wd_ScreenTitle,
wd_Size,
wd_Title,
wd_TopEdge,
wd_UserData,
wd_UserPort,
wd_Width,
wd_WindowPort,
wd_WLayer,
wd_WScreen,
wd_XOffset,
wd_YOffset,
WDOWNBACK ,
WDRAGGING,
WIDEDOT,
Window,

WINDOWACTIVE,
WINDOWCLOSE,
WINDOWDEPTH,

WINDOWDRAG,
WINDOWREFRESH,
Windows,
WINDOWSIZING,
WINDOWTICKED,
wo,
wo_CurrentX,
wo_CurrentyY,
wo_DefaultTool,
wo_DrawerData,
wo_Flags,
wo_FreeList,
wo_Gadget,
wo_IconWin,
wo_Lock,
wo_MasterNode,
wo_Name,
wo_NameX0O ffset,
wo_NameYO ffset,
wo_Parent,
wo_SelectNode,
wo_Siblings,
wo_SIZEOE,
wo_StackSize,
wo_ToolTypes,
wo_ToolWindow,

wo_Type,

3-32
20-22
20-14
27-1625
42-36
42-37
42-38
17-47
27-1275, 27-1451
27-276, 27-404
27-794
27-774
48-88
48-89
42-35
48-41
48-36
48-37
27-970
27-930
27-969
27-1395
27-1167
48-40
48-42
48-98
48-39
42-26
48-38
27-1072
27-1036
27-1033
27-1035
27-1037
27-1034
27-1079
27-1050
27-1071
27-1006
27-1100
27-1046
27-1004
27-998
27-1098
27-1092
27-1093
27-1097
27-988
27-1062
27-985
27-996
27-995
27-1000
27-1069
27-994
27-993

27-991

27-990

27-983

27-1049

27-1054

27-1055

27-1056

27-1007

27-1010

27-1082

27-1106

27-1002

27-986

27-1103

27-1063

27-987

27-1064

27-1104

27-1009

27-1057

27-1058

27-488

27-484

43-29

27-886, 27-981, 27-1008,
27-1205, 27-1275
27-1152
27-1116
27-1114
27-1112
27-1166
27-1251,
27-1110
27-1168
48-128, 48-129, 48-130,
48-117

48-118

48-114

48-115

48-106

48-121

48-120

48-116

48-124

48-99

48-110

48-111

48-112

48-103

48-101

48-100

48-125

48-123

48-119

48-122

48-108

27-1424

27-1040,

48-131

27-1138,

Apr 29 10:21 1986 i.xref Page 47

wo_UseCount,
wo_UtilityNode,
ITE,

writing,
WROTEBREAK,
WUPERONT,
XDISABLED,
XOFEREAD,
XOFFWRITE,

you,

your,
zero,

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+++
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AZIS OL ’beypuowrdoOl FwNALONULS

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MOPUTM SIamMeIp O03 JoeqjUTOd / UTMIeMeId PP ULdW
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Apr 29 10:15 1986

h.xref Page 1

File numbers for cross-reference listing:

:adkbits .h
:cia.h
:console.h
:custom.h
:display.h
:error.h

fx.h
:icon.n
:intuinternal .h
:keyboard.h

:audio.h
:clip.h
:conunit .h
:dec.h
:dmabits .h
:fcntl.h
goes
:input.h

:intuition.

3

7
11
15:
19
23:
27:
31:
35:
39:

h

:blit.h
:Cclipboard.h

eee
bk
:dos.h

:bootblock.h
:collide.h
:ctype.h
:diskfont.h
:dosextens .h
:gels.h
:graphint.h
:intbits.h
siosl.h
:limits.h

dis

gameport.h
fomacros.h
nputevent .h
intuitionbase.h
layers.h

eee
:macros.h :math.
:narrator .h
:prtbase.h
:sprite.h
:timer .h

:workbench .h

:startup.h
:trackdisk

A_OR_B,

ac_pad,

ac_per,

ac_ptr,

ac_vol,

aCAM,

ACCESS_READ,
ACCESS_WRITE,

acos,
ACTION_COPY_DIR,
ACTION_CREATE_DIR,
ACTION_CURRENT_VOLUME ,
ACTION_DELETE_OBJECT,
ACTION_DIE,
ACTION_DISK_CHANGE ,
ACTION_DISK_INEO,
ACTION_DISK_TYPE,
ACTION_EVENT,
ACTION_EXAMINE_NEXT,
ACTION_EXAMINE_OBJECT,
ACTION_FREE_LOCK,
ACTION_GET_BLOCK,
ACTION_INEO,
ACTION_INHIBIT,
ACTION_LOCATE_OBJECT,
ACTION_NIL,
ACTION_PARENT,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 2

ACTION_READ,
ACTION_RENAME_DISK,
ACTION_RENAME_OBJECT,
ACTION_SET_COMMENT,
ACTION_SET_MAP,
ACTION_SET_PROTECT,
ACTION_TIMER,
ACTION_WAIT_CHAR,
ACTION_WRITE,
ACTIVATE,
Activation,
ActiveGadget,
ete
ActivePInfo,
ActiveScreen,
ActiveWindow,
ActiView,
ADALLOC_MAXPREC,
ADALLOC_MINPREC,

ADCMD_SETPREC,
ADCMD_WAITCYCLE,
ADCMDB_NOUNIT,
ADCMDE_NOUNIT,
AddFreeList,

aDEN1,

aDEN2,

aDEN3,

aDEN4,

aDENS,

aDEN6,
ADHARD_CHANNELS,
ADIOB_NOWAIT,
ADIOB_PERVOL,
ADIOB_SYNCCYCLE,
ADIOB_WRITEMESSAGE,
ADIOERR_ALLOCEAI LED,
ADIOERR_CHANNELSTOLEN,
ADIOERR_NOALLOCATION,
ADIOF_NOWAIT,
ADIOF_PERVOL,
ADIOF_SYNCCYCLE,
ADIOF_WRITEMESSAGE,
ADKB_FAST,
ADKB_MEMPREC,
ADKB_MSBSYNC,
ADKB_PRECOMP0,
ADKB_PRECOMP1,
ADKB_SETCLR,
ADKB_UARTBRK,
ADKB_USEOP1,
ADKB_USEOV1,

:parallel.n
:rastport.h

A43:mathffp.h
47:potgo.
51:regions.h
55:stdio.h

h 59:translator.h

:misc.h

:text .h
‘view.h

3-34

3-35

3-37

3-36

3-24, 3-34, 3-35, 3-37
48-108
3-25, 3-34, 3-35, 3-36,
41-6, 43-31, 55-65
13-91

13-88

13-92

13-89

13-87

13-90
48-111
19-57

19-60

42-8, 42-94
20-128
20-131
20-119
20-125
20-117
20-142
20-134
20-141
20-118
20-133
20-132
20-124
20-115
20-135
20-140
20-120
20-114
20-138

3-37

20-123
20-121
20-126
20-137
20-116
20-130
20-139
20-129
20-122
34-1287
34-299
33-123
33-125
33-124
33-79, 35-45
33-78, 34-1005, 35-44
26-27
2-17
2-16
2-27
2-21
2-19
2-23
2-22
2-20
2-24
2-25
2-26, 2-27
29-40
48-66
48-65
48-64
48-63
48-62
48-61
2-14
2-33
2-29
2-31
2-35
2-39
2-40
2-38
2-34
2-30
2-32
2-36
1-21
1-17
1-20
1-16
Lo
1-14
1-18
1-25
1-29

:printer.h
:serial.h

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 3

ADKB_USE1P2,
ADKB_USE1V2,
ADKB_USE 2P3,
ADKB_USE 2V3,
ADKB_USE3PN,
ADKB_USE3VN,
ADKB_WORDSYNC,
adkcon,
adkconr,
ADKE_FAST,
ADKF_MEMPREC,
ADKE_MSBSYNC,
ADKE_PREOOONS,
ADKF_PRE140NS,
ADKF_PRE280NS,
ADKF_PRES60NS,
ADKF_PRECOMP0,
ADKF_PRECOMP1,
ADKE_SETCLR,

ADKF_USEOV1,
ADKF_USE1P2,
ADKF_USE1V2,
ADKF_USE 2P3,
ADKF_USE2V3,
ADKF_USE3PN,
ADKF_USE3VN,
ADKF_WORDSYNC,
aEXTEND,

AFE_MEMORY,
aFNTO,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 4

aJFY3,

aJFYS,

aJFY6,

aJEY7,
ALERT_COUNTDOWN,
ALERT_TYPE,
ALERTLAYERSNOMEM,
AlgoStyle,
AllocWBObject,
aLMS,

AMIGARIGHT,
AN_Intuition,
ANEC,

ANBNC,

aNEL,
ANERACSIZE,
AnimBob,
AnimComp,

AnimCRoutine,
ANIMHALE ,
animKey,
AnimOb,
AnimORoutine,
AnO1dX,
AnOldY,

AnX,

Any,
AO_GraphicsLib,
AO_LayersLib,
AOlPen,
apattern,

en,

aPERE,
aPERFO,

aPLD,

aPLU,
APointer,
aPROPO,
aPROP1,

aPROP 2,
APtrHeight,
APtrWidth,
ArealInfo,
AREAOUTLINE,
AreaPtrn,
AreaPtSz,
argl,

arg2,

1-24
1-28
1-23
1-27
1-22
1-26
1-19
13-85
13-29
1-38
1-34
aor
1-48
1-49
1-50
1-51
1-33,
1-32,
i~31
1-35
1-42
1-46
1-41
1-45
1-40
1-44
1-39
1-43
1-36
48-121
16-67
16-66
16-62
16-60
16-63
16-61
16-71
48-76
48-77
48-86
48-78
48-79
48-80
48-81
48-82
48-83
48-84
48-85
43-44
24-160
33-386, 33-387
25-18, 25-19
48-113

48-39

48-95

48-97

1-49, 1-51
1-50, 1-51

48-96

48-92

48-94

48-93

33-382

34-1889

39-43

50-75

29-38

48-105

34-1791

34-493, 34-716
34-1923

34-1924

33-144

34-1927

34-1925, 34-1927
34-1926, 34-1927
33-386, 33-387

3-26, 3-34, 3-35, 3-37

3-27, 3-34, 3-35, 3-36, 3-37
48-40

24-47

24-203

24-164, 24-171, 24-189, 24-190,

24-194, 24-228
24-196

24-48

24-253, 24-253
24-201, 24-206,
24-225
24-214
24-214
24-217
24-217
33-386
33-387
27-28,
33-146
33-236
48-102
48-103
48-74

48-73

33-99

48-90

48-89

48-88

33-101
33-102
50-18,
27-28,
27-31,
27-31,
42-38

42-38

24-209

50-63

50-58, 50-58
27-33, 50-101
50-56
50-65

24-193,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 5

aRI,
aRIN,
aRIS,

aSBC,
aSEC,

aSGR22,
aSGR23,
aSGR24,
aSGR3,
aSGR4,
ASHIFTSHIET,
aSHORP0O,
aSHORP1,
aSHORP 2,
aSHORP 3,
aSHORP4,
aSHORPS,
aSHORP6,
asin,

aSLPP,
aSLRM,
ASPECT_HORIZ,
ASPECT_VERT,
aSTBM,
aSuSsoO,
aSUS1,
aSUS2,
aSUS3,

aTSsS,

aud,
AudChannel,
audio,
AUDIONAME ,
AUL

AUserExt,
AUserStuff,
AUTOBACKPEN,
AUTODRAWMODE ,
AUTOFRONTPEN,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 6

AUTOITEXTFONT,
AUTOKNOB,
AUTOLEETEDGE,
AUTONEXTTEXT,
AUTOTOPEDGE,
AvailFonts,
AvailFontsHeader,
aVERPO,
aVERP1,
aVTS,

AXOf fset,
AYOffset,
B2BOBBER,
B2NORM,
B2SWAP,
back,
BACKDROP,
BackFill,
BackPen,
BACKSAVED,
BADDR,
BADGADGET,
BADMESSAGE,
BADSTATE,
BarHBorder,
BarHeight,
BarLayer,
BarVBorder,
BAUD_110,
BAUD_1200,
BAUD_19200,
BAUD_2400,
BAUD_300,
BAUD_4800,
BAUD_9600,
BAUD_MIDI,
BaudRate,
bb_chksun,
bb_dosblock,
bb_id,
BBID_DOS,
BBID_KICK,
BBNAME_DOS,
BBNAME_KICK,
BCOB_DEST,
BCOB_SRCA,
BCOB_SRCB,
BCOB_SRCC,
BCOF_DEST,
BCOF_SRCA,
BCOE_SRCB,
BCOF_SRCC,
BCIF_DESC,
BDRAWN,
beamsync,
BeatX,

46-41
48-38

48-69
48-68
48-71
48-70

33-386, 33-387
42-10, 42-95

42-95
48-115
48-117
48-116
48-118
48-119
48-120
48-107
42-92
42-90
42-91
48-91
13-93
13-86
2-12
2-12
3-70
24- 230

24-66, 24-67,

34-1905
34-1906
34-1904

34-1909
34-629
34-1907
34-1910
34-1908
16-65
16-70
48-99
48-100
48-114
33-104
33-104
24- 261
24-259
24-260
6-27
34-1271
34-229
34-738,
24-28
19-119
33-389

34-787

34-1468

34-1468

24-230

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 7

Beaty,
BEEPING,
Before,
BgPen,
BITCLR,
BitMap,

BITSET,
BITSPERBYTE,
BITSPERLONG,

BlitLock,
BLITMSG_FAULT,
BlitNest,
BlitOwmer,
BLITREVERSE,
blitsize,
blitter,
BlitWaitQ,
blockpen,
blitadat,
blitafwn,
bltalwn,
bitamod,
blitapt,
bltbdat,
bltbmod,
bltbpt,
bltcdat,
bltcmod,
bltcono,
bltconl,
bltcpt,
blitddat,
bltdmod,
bltdpt,
blithd,
bltnode,
bitsize,
bltsarv,
blittl,
BNDRYOFE,
Bob,
BobConmp,
BOBISCOMP,
BOBNIX,
BOBSAWAY,
BOBUPDATE,
BobVSprite,
BOOLGADGET,
BootBlock,
BOOTSECTS,
Border,
BorderBotton,
BORDERHIT,
BorderLeft,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 8

BORDERLESS,
BorderLine,
BorderRight,
BorderRPort,
BorderTop,
BOTTOMBORDER,
BOTTOMHIT,
bottommost,
bounds,
bpattern,
BPen,
bplimod,

bp1 2mod,
bplcond,
bpliconl,
Pecos:
ldat,

plpt,
broadcast,
BROTHER_15XL,
bsblthd,
bsblttl,
BSHIFTSHIET,
Bu fBu f fer,
Buf fer,

Buf ferPos,
Bu fPath,
BUFSIZ,

Bu fX,

BufY,
BUserExt,
BUSERELAGS,
BUserStuff,
BWAITING,
ereserved,
ESPERLONG,
BytesPerRow,
Carg,
CBD_CURRENTREADID,
CBD_CURRENTWRITEID,
CBD_POST,
CBERR_OBSOLETEID,
CBM_MPS1000,
CBump,

ccode,
CD_ASKKEYMAP,
CD_SETKEYMAP,
ceil,

CEND,

ch_masks,
channmask,

check_Ilp,

CHECKED,

CheckI mage,
CHECKIT,
CheckMark,

B

34-87
34-1534
24-159
50-62
25-16,
6-39, 6
34-245,
34-1587

25-15, 27-20,

19-44
19-46
26-48
26-63
26-49
26-52
3-66
3-87
26-30
26-51
33-139,
13-69
13-54
13-55
13-64
13-58
13-68
13-63
13-57
13-67
13-62
13-52
13-53
13-56
13-21
13-65
13-59
26-33
3-82,
13-60
26-35
26-33
27-33
24-122,
24-164
24-37
24-42
24-41,
24-29
24-162
34-526
4-19
4-25
34-222,
34-1154
8-24
34-1154

3

34-1284
24-116
34-1154
34-1155
34-1154
34-476
8-34
50-48
6-30,
33-146
33-236
13-100
13-101
13-96
13-97
13-98
13-103
13-94
39-30
34-1792
26-34
26-34
3-56
24- 243
34-670
34-674
24-239
55-8
24-238
24-238
24-168
24-35
24-62,
24-39
26-45,
19-45
25-35
28-19
7-24
7-25
7-23
7-27
34-1793
27-36,
28-18
9-24
9-25
42-93
27-38
45-68
45-73
39-25
34-183
33-144
34-155
34-1203

6

27-21,

27-23, 27-26

-64, 6-64, 25-33, 33-114, 33-115,
34-1392, 34-1392, 34-1480, 34-1480,
, 50-55, S0-55, 60-70, 60-70

27-22, 27-25

34-1193, 34-1342, 34-1496, 34-1558

-84, 26-33, 26-34

24-142, 24-159, 24-160, 24-203

24-254

34-783, 34-796

-65, 51-15, 51-20

24-63, 24-168

39-35

27-37

, 34-1367

D - 88

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 9

CHECKWIDTH,

cleanup,

clearerr,
ClearPath,

cleft,
cli_Background,
cli_CommandDir,
cli_CommandFile,
cli_CommandNane,
cli_CurrentInput,
cli_CurrentOutput,
cli_DefaultStack,
cli_FailLevel,
cli_Interactive,
cli_Module,
cli_Prompt,
cli_Result2,
cli_ReturnCode,
cli_SetNanme,
cli_StandardInput,
cli_StandardOutput,

c ay?
ClipboardUnitPartial,
ClipRect,

Clock,
CLOSE,
CLOSEGADGET,
CLOSEWINDOW,
clrerr,
Clrins,
clxcon,
clxdat,
CMD_CLEAR,
CMD_READ,
CMD_UPDATE,
CMD_WRITE,
CMOVE,

code,
collHandler,
CollMask,
collPptrs,
collTable,
color,
color0d,
colorl,
colorl7,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 10

colorl18,
colorlg,
color2,
color3,
ColorMap,
COLORON,
ColorTable,
COM_MENU,
COM_SELECT,
Command,
CommandLineInter face,
COMMSEQ,
COMMWI DTH,
COMPLEMENT,
console,
ConUnit,
copllc,
cop2lc,
copcon,
copinit,
CopIns,
copjmpl,
copjmp2,
CopList,

CopLStart,

CopPtr,
CopSStart,
cos,

cosh,

cot,

Count,
cp_x,

Cp_y,

CPR NT Loe’
CPR_NT_SHT,
cprlist,
CP’ TBUE,
cr,

cr2,
CR_NEEDS_NO_CONCEALED_RASTERS,
crnew,
CTC_HCLRTAB,
CTC_HCLRTABSALL,
CTC_HSETTAB,
ctl,

ctop,
cu_AlgoStyle,
cu_AOLPen,
cu_AreaPtrn,
cu_AreaPtSz,
cu_BgPen,
cu_DrawMode,
cu_FgPen,

34-1877
34-619
26-29
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-12
27-35
34-921
3-94
3-89, 3-93,
55-58
24-87
33-140,
20-193
20-184
20-191
20-186
20-190
20-194
20-195
20-187
20-192
20-197
20-188
20-182
20-185
20-183
20-189
20-196
34-29
7-30
6-28, 6-28, 6-40,
6-61, 6-62, 6-66,
24-212
34-524
33-61
34-987
55-58
60-36
13-82
13-28
58-101
58-96
58-100
58-95
27-36,
28-17,
50-47
24-117
24-268
24-266,
13-112
33-166,
33-167,
33-170,

3-94

34-689

27-36
34-925

50-47

33-265,
33-266,
33-259,

33-171,
33-172,
33-168,
33-169,
48-145,
17-19
60-25
33-314
33-313
34-140
20-181
34-163
34-1878
50-90
10-16
10-32
13-72
13-73
13-43
11-78,
11-20,
13-74
13-75
11-25,
11-75,
11-64
11-15
11-16
11-63
11-65
42-11,
42-12,
42-13,
11-66,
50-70
50-70
11-18
11-19
11-50,
LiLo L7
6-55
6-55
6-74
6-55
9-84
9-85
9-83
13-108
33-140,
10-67
10-61
10-64
10-63
10-60
10-62
10-59

33-260,
33-261,
33-267,

60-20,

26-28,

42-94
42-94
42-94

34-689

6-51, 6-54, 6-55, 6-59,

33-112,

34-1673
34-1674
34-1665

34-1666
34-1668
34-1676
33-268, 34-1678
60-32, 60-32

26-28
11-62, 11-62,

11-63,

11-57, 11-59, 11-60,
60-34, 60-35, 60-36

34-791, 50-24, 60-24

11-52, 60-48, 60-49

33-113

13-76

11-74,

11-75,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 11

cu_Font,
cu_KeyMapStruct,
cu_Mask,
cu_Minternms,
cu_Modes,
cu_MP,
cu_Node,
cu_RawEvents,
cu_TabStops,
cu_TxBaseline,
cu_TxFlags,
cu_TxHeight,
cu_TxSpacing,
cu_TxWidth,
cu_UnitNunm,
cu_Window,
cu_XCCP,
cu_XCP,
cu_XMax,
cu_XMinShrink,
cu_XRExtant,
cu_XROrigin,

cu_YMax,
cu_YMinShrink,
cu_YRExtant,

CursorDX,
CursorDY,
CURSORLEET,
CURSORRIGHT,
CURSORUP,
Custon,

CUSTOM_NAME,
CUSTOMBITMAP,
CUSTOMSCREEN,

cv fd,
cv fdx,
CWAIT,
Cwidth,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 12

DamageList,
dataa,
datab,

DateStamp,
dbf

DBLPE,
DBu f fer,

DBu fPacket,
dd_Children,
dd_CmdBytes,
dd_CmdVectors,
dd_CurrentX,
dd_CurrentyY,
dd_Device,
dd_DownMove,
dd_DrawerWin,
dd_ExecBase,
dd_HorizImage,
dd_HorizProp,
dd_HorizScroll,
dd_Le ftMove,
dd_Lock,
dd_MaxX,
dd_MaxyY ,
dd_Minx,
dd_MinyY,
dd_NewWindow,
dd_NumCommands,
dd_Object,
dd_RightMove,
dd_Segment,
dd_UpMove,
dd_VertImage,
dd_VertProp,
dd_VertScroll,
ddfstop,
ddfstrt,
DEADEND_ALERT,
Debug,
DefaultFont,
De faultTitle,
DEFERRED,
DEFERREFRESH,
DEFEREQ,
DEFMODE,
DEFPITCH,
DEFRATE,
DEFSEX,
DEEVOL,
DELTAMOVE,
Depth,
Descendant,
DEST,
DestAddr,
DestData,
detailpen,

10-66
10-53
10-58
10-65
10-75
10-33
Trak
10-76
10-55
10-71
10-68
10-69
10-72
10-70
7-32
10-35
10-48
10-36
10-38
10-46
10-44
10-42
10-40
10-49
10-37
10-39
10-47
10-45
10-43
10-41
34-1932
33-185
33-185
34-1930
34-1931
34-1929
13-20,
27-26,
34-1790
34-1537,
34-1527
14-34
14-34
27-37,
34-617
4-27, 4-30,
14-20

14-20

14-20

36-35

36-33

14-16, 14-17
36-32

14-17

36-36

36-34

27-20,
34-1787

27-21, 27-22, 27-23, 27-25,

34-1587

27-37, 27-38

19-156, 19-157, 19-158

6-49

13-109

13-110

19-62, 19-89,

43-44

17-20

24-166, 50-96

24-166, 24-236

20-165, 20-211

26-37
34-1463,
33-312
34-272
45-37
45-43
45-34
45-35
45-42
45-36
34-1009
24-106,
34-1168
3-50
11-31, 11-44, 11-44
11-36, 11-46, 11-46
33-139, 34-1193, 34-1342,

34-1570

25-38, 34-827, 34-1555

34-1496,

D - 90

34-1558

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 13

device,

DeviceData,
DeviceList,
devices,

DEVICES_AUDIO_H,
DEVICES_CLIPBOARD_H,
DEVICES_CONSOLE_H,
DEVICES_GAMEPORT_H,
DEVICES_INPUT_H,
DEVICES_INPUTEVENT_H,
DEVICES_KEYBOARD_H,
DEVICES_KEYMAP_H,
DEVICES_NARRATOR_H,
DEVICES_PARALLEL_H,
DEVICES_PRINTER_H,
DEVICES_PRTBASE_H,
DEVICES_SERIAL_H,
DEVICES_TIMER_H,
DEVICES_TRACKDISK_H,
dfh_DF,

dfh_FileID,

DEH_ID,

dfh_Name,
dfh_Revision,
dfh_Segment,

DHeight,
di_Devices,
di_DevInfo,

di_Handlers,
di_McName,
di_NetHand,
DIAB_630,
DIAB_ADV_D25,
DIAB_C_150,
diagstrt,
DiscResource,
DiscResourceUnit,
disk,
DiskFontHeader,
DISKINSERTED,
DISKNAME,
DiskObject,
DISKREMOVED,
DispCount,

Dron aye ade:
DispPos,
DISTANTACTIVE,
DistantEcho,
DISTANTMOVEWINDOW,
DISTANTNEWPREES,
DISTANTPATROL,
DISTANTREQCLEAR,

2-12, 7-39, 46-85, 48-125, 48-139, 52-147,

57-26, 58-73
49-48, 49-61
20-206

10-16, 10-20, 10-24, 31-14,
49-32, 49-35, 49-38

2-1, 2-2

Poly Tee

9-1, 9-2, 10-15

23-1, 23-2

30-1, 30-2

10-23, 31-1, 31-2, 34-60
37-1, 37-2

10-19, 38-1, 38-2

45-1, 45-2, 45-92

46-18, 46-19, 46-98, 49-31
48-1, 48-2

49-11, 49-12

49-34, 52-16, 52-17, 52-149
31-13,
58-19,
16-51
16-52
16-40
16-55
16-53
16-54
16-56
17-35
60-38
20-173
20-172
20-174
20-171
20-175
34-1794
34-1795
34-1796
11-80
15-56
15-49, 15-58
15-107
16-43
34-999
15-107
61-70
34-1001
34-687
26-54
34-678
33-217
33-181,
33-221
33-220
33-218
33-226

58-20, 58-143

33-206, 33-208

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 14

DISTANTREQSET,
DistantScreen,
DISTANTSCREENBAR,
DISTANTSIZEWINDOW,
DistantWindow,
DISTANTIWINDOWBACK,
DISTANTWINDOWERONT,
DIW_HORIZ_POS,
DIW_VRTCL_POS,
DIW_VRTCL_POS_SHIET,
diwstop,

diwstrt,

dl_A2,

dl1_AS,

dl_A6,
d1l_DiskType,
d1_Gv,
dl_lib,
dl_Lock,
dl_LockList,
d1_Nane,
dl_Next,

dl_Root,
al_Task,

dl_unused,
d1l_VolumeDate,
DLT_DEVICE,
DLT_DIRECTORY,
DLT_VOLUME ,
DMAB_AUDO,
DMAB_AUD1,
DMAB_AUD2,
DMAB_AUD3,
DMAB_BLITHOG,
DMAB_BLITTER,
DMAB_BLTDONE,
DMAB_BLTNZERO,
DMAB_COPPER,

DMAF_BLITHOG,
DMAF_BLITTER,
DMAF_BLTDONE,
DMAF_BLTNZERO,

27-20, 27-21, 27-22,

34-57,

27-23

34-61,

34-52, 49-37, 57-15, 57-16, 57-43

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 15

DMAF_COPPER,
DMAF_DISK,
DMAF_MASTER,
DMAF_RASTER,
DMAF_SETCLR,
DMAF_SPRITE,
DMODECOUNT,

DMR est,
do_CurrentX,
do_CurrentyY,

do_DefaultTool,
do_DrawerData,
do_Gadget,
do_Magic,
do_StackSize,
do_ToolTypes,
do_ToolWindow,
do_ e,
do_Version,
DOMAIN,

dos,

dosextens,
DosInfo,
DosLibrary,

DOS ;
DosPacket,
DoubleClick,
DoubleMicros,
DoubleSeconds,
DOWNBACKGADGET,

dp_Link,
dp_Port,
dp_Resl,
dp_Res2,
dp_Status,
dp_Status2,
R,
DR_ALLOCUNIT,
dr_CiaResource,
dr_Current,
dr_DiscBlock,
dr_DiscSync,
dr_Flags,
DR_FREEUNIT,

18-26

18-23

18-28

18-27, 27-20,
18-17

18-24, 27-22, 27-23
33-46, 33-156, 33-157,
33-161, 33-162, 33-163,
34-1125

61-77

61-78

61-75

61-79

61-73

61-71

61-81

61-76

61-80

61-74

61-72

42-47

19-19, 19-53, 19-106, 19-160,
21-8, 54-18

49-Al

20-170

20-149

19-19

20-77, 20-110

34-1651
33-154
33-154
33-59
20-91
20-94,
20-96
20-97
20-98
20-99
20-100
20-101
20-94
20-78
20-79
20-84,
20-88,
20-92
20-93
20-81,
14-24
15-110
15-62
15-58
15-65
15-66
15-59
15-111

27-21

33-158,
33-164

33-159,

19-213, 20-24,

20-95

20-92
20-93

20-91

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 16

DR_GETUNIT,
DR_GETUNITID,
DR_GIVEUNIT,
dr_Index,
DR_LASTCOMM,
dr_Library,
dr_pad,
dr_SysLib,
dr_UnitID,
dr_Waiting,
DRAET,
DRAGGADGET,
DRAGSELECT,
drand48,
DrawerData,
DRAWERDATAFILESIZE,
DrawMode,
DrawPath,
DRB_ACTIVE,
DRB_ALLOCO,
DRB_ALLOC1,
DRB_ALLOC2,
DRB_ALLOC3,
DRE_ACTIVE,
DRF_ALLOCO,
DRE_ALLOC1,
DRE_ALLOC2,
DRE_ALLOC3,
DRT_37422D2S,
DRT_AMIGA,
DRT_EMPTY,
dru_DiscBlock,
dru_DiscSync,
dru_Index,
dru_Message,
ds_Days,
ds_Minute,
ds_Tick,
dskbytr,
dskdat,
dskdatr,
DSKDMAOEE ,
dsklen,

15-112

15-114

15-113, 15-117
15-67

15-117

15-57

15-60

15-61

15-63

15-64

33-282, 34-1758
33-62

33-309

42-96

61-42, 61-79, 61-119
61-67
34-740,
24-86
15-75
15-71
15-72
15-73
15-74
15-81
15-77
15-78
15-79
15-80
15-126
15-125
15-127
15-51
15-52
15-53
15-50
19-63
19-65
19-67
13-34
13-39
13-25
15-92
13-38
13-37
13-71
60-34
9-80
60-57
50-67
60-38
60-39, 60-50
11-68, 60-39, 60-50
14-22, 43-15
33-208

33-181

42-88

34-789, 50-64

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 17

EIGHT_LPI,

ELITE,

else,

ENABLECLI,

ENDGADGET,

EOF,

EPSON,

EPSON_JX_80,

erand48,

errno,
ERROR_ACTION_NOT_KNOWN ,
ERROR_BAD_STR >
ERROR_COMMENT_TOO_BIG,
ERROR_DELETE_PROTECTED,
ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_MOUNTED,
ERROR_DIR_NOT_FOUND,
ERROR_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY,
ERROR_DISK_FULL,
ERROR_DISK_NOT_VALIDATED,
ERROR_DISK_WRITE_PROTECTED,
ERROR_INVALID_COMPONENT_NAME ,
ERROR_INVALID_LOCK,
ERROR_NO_DEFAULT_DIR,
ERROR_NO_DISK,
ERROR_NO_FREE_STORE,
ERROR_NO_MORE_ENTRIES,
ERROR_NOT_A_DOS_DISK,
ERROR_OBJECT_EXISTS,
ERROR_OBJECT_IN_USE,
ERROR_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND,
ERROR_OBJECT_TOO_LARGE,
ERROR_OBJECT_WRONG_TYPE,
ERROR_READ_PROTECTED,
ERROR_RENAME_ACROSS_DEVICES,
ERROR_SEEK_ERROR,
ERROR_TOO_MANY_LEVELS,
ERROR_WRITE_PROTECTED,
Errorx,

Errory,

EventCount,
EVENTMAX,
except,
exception,
EXCLUSIVE_LOCK,
ExecMessage,

34-1767

34-1754

25-21, 55-38, 61-106
33-275, 34-1688
34-446

55-43

33-278, 34-1797
34-1798
42-96
42-86
19-176
19-174
19-187
19-189
19-185
19-172
19-183
19-188
19-180
19-181
19-177
19-178
19-169
19-193
19-168
19-194
19-192
19-171
19-170
19-173
19-175
19-179
19-191
19-182
19-186
19-184
19-190
33-191
33-191
58-101
58-99
58-97
58-96
58-98
58-100
58-95
33-120
33-50,
42-95
42-34
19-58
34-915

33-121

exp, 42-14, 42-92

E_DUPED,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 18

E_GETED,
F_GETEL,
F_SETED,

FANFOLD,
fatten_count,
fo_FileName,
fc_Flags,
fc_S fe.
fc_YSize,
fch_FileID,
FCH_ID,
fch_NumEntries,
EDDECP,
FDEDIT,
EDMONY,
FDTYPE,
FEMALE,

feof,

ferror,
fetchI Base,
fflush,
fgets,

fh_Type,
fib_Comment,
fib_Date,

fib DirEnt :
fib Dis iekoy”

fib_EntryType,
fib_FileNane,
fib_NumBlocks,
fib_Protection,
fib_Size,
EFIBB_DELETE,
FIBB_EXECUTE,
FIBB_READ,
FIBB_WRITE,
FIBE_DELETE,
FIBE_EXECUTE,
FIBE_READ,
FIBE_WRITE,

34-1231,
60-65
22-23

34-1508

22-24

22-26

22-25

22-27

42-15, 42-93
33-275

33-295, 34-1749
39-34
16-26
16-29
16-28
16-27
16-35
16-32
16-36
14-31
14-29
14-32
14-30
45-39
55-53
55-54
33-411
55-57
55-63
50-61
20-71
20-72
20-70,
20-63
20-65
20-67
20-68
20-69
20-66, 20-67
20-59

20-60

20-64

20-61

19-90

19-89

19-77

19-76

19-84

19-80

19-87

19-82

19-85

19-101, 19-105
19-100, 19-104
19-98, 19-102
19-99, 19-103
19-105

19-104

19-102

19-103

20-71

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 19

FileHandle,
FileInfoBlock,
FileLock,
FILENAME_SIZE,
fileno,
FILL_CARRYIN,
FILL_OR,
FILL_XOR,
FINE,
firstBlissObj,
FirstCopList,
FirstGadget,
FirstIten,
FirstRequest,
FirstScreen,
FirstWindow,
firstx,
firsty,
fl_Access,

f

1_
f1_Link,
f1_MemList,
f1_NumF ree,
fl_Task,
fl_Volume,
FlagPtr,
Flags,

Fla 45

floor,

fmod,

EFOLLOWMOUSE,

font,

FontContents,
EontContentsHeader ,
FontHeight,

fopen,

for,
FOREVER,

fp,

EPB_DESIGNED.
EPB_DISKFONT,
FPB_PROPORTIONAL,
FPB_REMOVED,
FPB_REVPATH,
EPB_ROME ONT,
FPB_TALLDOT,
FPB_WIDEDOT,
FPENAN,

FPEOVE ,

FPEUND,

EPEZDV,
FPF_DESIGNED,

20-58
19-75
20-225
34-1606,
55-55
3-62
3-60
3-61
34-1755
50-49
11-74
34-1165, 34-1358, 34-1490

34-82

34-1118

33-84, 35-50

34-1447

33-137, 50-26

33-137, 50-26

20-228

20-227

20-226

61-90

61-89

20-229

20-230

50-23

6-38, 6-69, 24-95, 24-148, 24-176, 24-254,
25-37, 26-47, 27-28, 27-29, 27-33, 33-86,
33-211, 34-78, 34-122, 34-225, 34-296,
34-553, 34-1109, 34-1348, 34-1458, 39-32,
50-41, 50-68, 60-22

50-22
42-93
42-93
34-465
33-422,
16-25
16-34
34-1634
55-60
34-1863
34-1863
55-56, 55-56, 55-57, 55-57, 55-58, 55-58
56-40

56-30

56-38

56-42

56-32

56-28

56-34

56-36

42-62

42-60

42-59

42-61

56-41

34-1694

34-1472, 34-1567, 50-74

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 20

FPF_DISKFONT,
FPEF_PROPORTIONAL,
FPE_REMOVED,
FPF_REVPATH,
EPF_ROMEONT,
FPF_TALLDOT,
EPE_WIDEDOT,
EFPHALE ,
FPONE,

EPTEN,
FPZERO,
FreeFreeList,
FREEHORIZ,
FreeList,
FREEVERT,
FreewBObject,
freopen,
frexp,

front,
FrontPen,
EFRST_DOT,
ES_NORMAL,
ESB_BOLD,
FSB_EXTENDED,
ESB_ITALIC,
FSB_UNDERLINED,
fseek,
FSE_BOLD,
ESE_EXTENDED,
FSF_ITALIC,
FSE_UNDERLINED,
ftell,
function,
GADGBACKFILL,
GADGDISABLED,
Gadget,

GADGET0002,
GADGETCOUNT,
GADGETDOWN ,
Gadget ID,
ETON,
GadgetRender,
GadgetReturn,
Gadgets,
GadgetText,

aRRDGESUE-

GADGHBOX,

56-31

56-39

56-43

56-33

56-29

56-35

56-37

43-20

43-19

43-18

43-21

29-40

34-631

61-88, 61-126

34-633

29-40

55-61

42-93

6-27

34-738, 34-787

27-29, 50-94

56-17

56-22

56-18

56-20

56-24

55-56

56-23

56-19

56-21

56-25

55-62

3-85

61-167

34-417

33-123, 33-143, 34-220, 34-286, 34-288,
34-1165, 34-1358, 34-1490, 34-1573, 61-50,
61-51, 61-52, 61-53, 61-54, 61-55, 61-73,
61-124
34-527
33-57,
34-979
34-354
33-310
34-311
33-133
34-1573
34-323
34-302,
34-981
34-369
34-367
34-366
34-371
34-377
34-383

33-143

34-506

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 21

GADGIMMEDIATE,
GamePortTrigger,
GELGONE,
gelHead,
GelsiInfo,
gelTail,

GENLOC,
GENLOCK_AUDIO,
GENLOCK_VIDEO,
getc,

Rocco

tIcon,
GetWBObject,
GfxBase,
GID_DOWNSCROLL,
GID_HORIZSCROLL,
GID_LEFTSCROLL,
GID_NAME ,
GID_RIGHTSCROLL,
GID_UPSCROLL,
GID_VERTSCROLL,
GID_WBOBJECT,
GIMMEZEROZERO,
GOODI TEMDRAWN ,
GOODSUBDRAWN,
GPCT_ABSJOYSTICK,
GPCT_ALLOCATED,
GPCT_MOUSE,
GPCT_NOCONTROLLER,
GPCT_RELJOYSTICK,
GPD_ASKCTYPE,
GPD_ASKTRIGGER,
GPD_READEVENT,
GPD_SETCTYPE,
GPD_SETTRIGGER,
GPDERR_SETCTYPE,

Spr aheys-
gpt_Timeout,
gpt_XDelta,

graphics,

GRAPHICS_CLIP_H,
GRAPHICS_COLLIDE_H,
GRAPHICS_COPPER_H,
GRAPHICS_GELS_H,
GRAPHICS_GFX_H,
GRAPHICS_GFXBASE_H,
GRAPHICS_GFXMACROS_H,
GRAPHICS_GRAPHINT_H,
GRAPHICS_LAYERS_H,
GRAPHICS_RASTPORT_H,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 22

GRAPHICS_REGIONS_H,
GRAPHICS_SPRITE_H,
GRAPHICS_TEXT_H,
GRAPHICS_VIEW_H,
GRELBOTTOM,
GRELHEIGHT,
GRELRIGHT,
GRELWIDTH,
GRET_REQSELECT,
GRET_REQUEST,
GRET_RJM,
GRET_RJMSELECT,
GZZGADGET,
GZZHeight,
GZZMouseX,
GZZMouseY,
GZZWidth,

HAM

HARDWARE_ADKBITS_H,
HARDWARE_BLIT_H,
HARDWARE_CUSTOM_H,
HARDWARE_DMABITS_H,
HARDWARE_INTBITS_H,
HeadConp,

HeadOb,

Height,

HIGHBOX,
HIGHCOMP,
HIGHELAGS,
HIGHIMAGE,
HIGHITEM,
HIGHNONE,
HIRES,
HIRESGADGET,
HIRESPICK,
HitMask,
HitScreen,
HoldMinYMouse,
HOLDNMODIEY,
HorizBody,
HorizPot,
HP_LASERJET,
HP_LASERJET_PLUS,
HPotRes,
HSIZEBITS,
HSIZEMASK,
hthick,
HUGE,
HUGE_VAL,
HWaitPos,
Io,

34-438
23-28
24-30
50-42
50-37,
50-42
26-60
60-63
60-64
55-49,
55-50

50-59, 50-59

55-50
33-97, 33-97
6

61-157

61-154

61-155

61-152

61-150

34-1277

33-321

33-322

23-41

23-36

23-39

23-37

23-40

23-15

23-17

23-14

23-16

23-18

23-45

23-29

23-30

23-31

23-32

23-23

23-25

23-24

23-26

6-5, 16-20, 27-17, 34-25, 34-29, 34-33
34-37, 34-41, 34-45, 35-21, 50-5,
6-1, 6-2, 34-28
8-1, 8-2

11-1, 11-2

24-1, 24-2

6-4, 25-1, 25-2,
26-1, 26-2

27-1, 27-2

28-1, 28-2

34-40, 39-5, 39-6
27-16, 34-36, 50-1, 50-2

34-24, 50-4, 51-4, 60-4

51-1, 51-2

53-1, 53-2

16-19, 34-44, 56-1, 56-2
34-32, 35-20, 60-1, 60-2
34-393

34-402

34-395

34-399

33-337

33-336

33-335

33-338

34-512

34-1225

34-1218

34-1219

34-1224

60-60

1-11, 1-12, 1-53

3-11, 3-12, 3-96

13-11, 13-12, 13-114
18-11, 18-12, 18-53
32-12, 32-13, 32-53
24-228

24-201

24-104, 33-136, 34-76, 34-120,
34-293, 34-827, 34-1100,
34-1555, 45-85, 53-13
34-178

34-176

34-172

34-174

34-189

34-180

60-58

33-54

33-47

24-109

33-199

33-195

17-21

34-612

34-570

34-1802

34-1803

34-621

3-15

3-17

33-138

42-75

40-1

11-35, 11-45, 11-45
14-19

14-19

14-19

42-72

34-211,
34-1339, 34-1452,

95

51-5. 60-5

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 23

I_PID2,
IAddress,
IBase-,

IBitMap,
icon,
ICONNAME,
id_ esPerBlock,
d_DiskState,
aa tee
ID_DOS_DISK,
id_InUse,
ID_KICKSTART_DISK,
ID_NO_DISK_PRESENT,
ID_NOT_REALLY_DOS,
id_NumBlocks,
id_NumB1locksUsed,
id_NumSoftErrors,
id_UnitNumber,
ID_UNREADABLE_DISK,
ID_VALIDATED,
ID_VALIDATING,
id_VolumeNode,
ID_WRITE_PROTECTED,

ie_addr,

ie_Class,

ie_Code,
ie_EventAddress,
ie_NextEvent,
ie_position,
ie_Qualifier,
ie_SubClass,
ie_TimeStanmp,

ie_x,

ie_xy.

je_y,
IECLASS_ACTIVEWINDOW,
IECLASS_CLOSEWINDOW,
IECLASS_DISKINSERTED,
IECLASS_DISKREMOVED,
IECLASS_EVENT,

IECLASS_ INACTIVEWINDOW,
IECLASS_MAX,
IECLASS_MENULIST,
IECLASS_NEWPREES,

CLASS

IE NULL ,
IECLASS_POINTERPOS,

IECLASS_RAWKEY,
IECLASS_RAWMOUSE,

IECLASS_REFRESHWINDOW,

IECLASS_REQUESTER,

42-73
34-935

33-355, 33-356,
33-362,

33-360,
33-366, 33-367
33-114
29-30
29-30
19-137
19-132
19-138
19-157
19-141
19-164
19-155
19-158
19-133
19-135
19-128
19-130
19-156
19-151
19-149
19-139
19-147

34-1188, 34-1345

34-956
31-131,
31-122
31-124
31-138
31-121
31-132,
31-125
31-123
31-133
31-128,
31-130,
31-129,
31-53
31-41
31-51
31-49
31-27
31-33
31-35
31-55
10-76, 31-59
31-39

31-47

31-21

31-29

31-23

31-25

31-45

31-37

31-138

Apr 29 10:15 1966 h.xref Page 24

TECLASS_SIZEWINDOW,
IECLASS_TIMER,
IECODE_ASCII_DEL,
IECODE_ASCII_FIRST,
IECODE_ASCII_LAST,
IECODE_CO_FIRST,
IECODE_CO_LAST,
TECODE_C1_FIRST,
IECODE_C1_LAST,
IECODE_COMM_CODE_FIRST,
IECODE_COMM_CODE_LAST,
IECODE_KEY_CODE_FIRST,
IECODE_KEY_CODE_LAST,
IECODE_LATINI_FIRST,
IECODE_LATIN1_LAST,
IECODE_LBUTTON,
IECODE_MBUTTON,
IECODE_NEWACTIVE,
IECODE_NOBUTTON,
IECODE_RBUTTON,
IECODE_REQCLEAR,
IECODE_REQSET,
IECODE_UP_PREFIX,
IE UALIFIER_CAPSLOCK,
IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL,
IEQUALIFIER_INTERRUPT,
IEQUALIFIER_LALT,
IEQUALIFIER_LBUTTON,
oe ALI FIER_LCOMMAND,
EQUALIFIER_LSHIET,
ALIFIER_MBUTTON,
TEQUALIET MULTI BROADCAST,
IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
IEQUALIFIER_RALT,
IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON,
IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND ,
IEQUALIEIER_RELATIVEMOUSE,
ITEQUALIFIER_REPEAT,
Sa a ade
f,
Image,

IMAGE_NEGATIVE,
IMAGE_POSITIVE,
ImageBMap,
ImageData,
ImageShadow,
INACTIVEWINDOW,
IND_ADDHANDLER,
IND_REMHANDLER,
IND_SETMPORT,
IND_SETMTRIG,
IND_SETMTYPE,
IND_SETPERIOD,
IND_SETTHRESH,
IND_WRITEEVENT,

31-43
31-31
31-76
31-74
31-75
31-72
31-73
31-77
31-78
31-68
31-69
31-66
31-67
31-79
31-80

31-83, 34-1915,

31-85
31-89
31-86

31-84, 34-1917,

31-97
31-95

31-65, 34-1915,

31-103, 33-327
31-104
31-111
31-105,
31-113
31-107,
31-101,
31-115
31-112
31-109
31-106,
31-114
31-108,
31-116
31-110
31-102, 33-327
36-31, 55-36

33-327

33-125, 33-144,
34-1367, 61-56,

34-1771
34-1770
34-245
24-111, 34-828

31-136,

31-136,
31-136,
31-137,

34-1923
34-1925

34-1924
34-1926

33-357,
33-363,

31-137,

31-136
31-137
31-137

34-1916

34-1918

34-1917

34-819,
61-57

33-358, 33-359,
33-364, 33-365,

31-138

34-895, 34-1203,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 25

InfoData,
INGADGETSTATE,
InitAnimate,
INMENUSTATE,
innerHeight,
innerWidth,
inputevent,
InputInterrupt,
nputRequest,
INREQUEST,
INTB_AUDO,
INTB_AUD1,
INTB_AUD 2,
INTB_AUD3,
INTB_BLIT,
INTB_COPER,
INTB_DSKBLK,
INTB_DSKSYNC,
INTB_EXTER,
INTB_INTEN,
INTB_PORTS,
INTB_RBE,
INTB_SETCLR,
INTB_SOFTINT,

intenar,
INTERLACE,
Interrupt,

INTE_AUDO,

INTE_AUD1,

INTF_AUD2,

INTF_AUD3,

INTF_BLIT,

INTE_COPER,
INTF_DSKBLK,
INTE_DSKSYNC,
INTE_EXTER,
INTE_INTEN,
INTE_PORTS,

INTF_RBFE ,

INTF_SETCLR,
INTF_SOEFTINT,
INTE_TBE,

INTF_VERTB,

intreq,

intreqr,

IntuEvents,
IntuiMessage,
IntuiText,

INTUITICKS,
INTUITION_INTUINTERNAL_H,
INTUITION_INTUITION_H,
INTUI TION_INTUITIONBASE_H,

19-127
33-317
24-253
33-318
33-140
33-140
10-24,
33-118
33-117
34-1293
32-25
32-24
32-23
32-22
32-26
32-28
32-31
32-20
32-19
32-18
32-29
32-21
32-15
32-30
32-32
32-27
13-83, 27-25, 27-26
13-35

17-22

31-120,

15-51, 15-52, 15-53, 15-65, 15-66, 15-67,

26-35, 33-118

32-44

32-43

32-42

32-41

32-45

32-47

32-50

32-39

32-38

32-37

32-48

32-40

32-36

32-49

32-51

27-25, 27-26, 32-46
13-84

13-36

33-121

33-198, 34-913,
34-224, 34-323,
34-1012

33-2, 33-3
34-4, 34-5, 49-43, 61-30,
33-18, 34-20, 35-1, 35-2

34-959, 34-1191
34-736, 34-754

61-32

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 26

IntuitionBase,
INVERSVID,
io_Actual,

io_Baud,
io_BrkTime,
io_ClipID,
io_ColorMap,
io_Command,
i1o_CtlChar,
io_Data,
io_DestCols,
io_DestRows,
1o_Device,
io_Error,
io_ExtFlags,
io_Flags,
io_Length,
io_Message,
io_Modes,
io_Offset,
io_ParFlags,
io_Parm0,
io_Parnl,
io_Parn2,
io_Parn3,
io_PExtFlags,
1o_PrtCommand,
io_PTermArray,
io_RastPort,
io_RBu fLen,
io_ReadLen,
io_SerFlags,
io_Special,
io_SrcHeight,
1o_SrcWidth,
io_Srcex,
io_SrcyY,
io_Status,
io_StopBits,
io_Ter ray,
io_Unit,
io_WriteLen,
ioa_AllocKey,
ioa_Cycles,
ioa_Data,
ioa_Len a
ioa_Period,
ioa_Request,
ioa_Volume,
ioa_WriteMsg,
IOAudio,
IO0C1lipReq,
IODRPReq,
IOExcess,
IOExtPar,
IOExtSer,

33-67, 34-21, 35-38
50-91

7-44

52-65

52-66

7-48

48-145

7-41, 48-127, 48-141
52-62
7-46
48-151
48-152
7-39,
7-43,
52-64
7-42,
7-45
7-38, 48-124,
48-146

7-47
46-60
48-131
48-132
48-133
48-134
46-58
48-130
46-61
48-144
52-63
52-68
52-71
48-153
48-150
48-149
48-147
48-148
46-59, 52-72

52-70

52-67

7-40, 48-126, 48-140
52-69
2-44
2-49
2-45
2-46
2-47
2-43
2-48
2-50
2-42
7-37
48-137
33-193
46-35,
49-71,

48-125,
48-129,

48-139
48-143
48-128, 48-142

48-138

49-70, 49-76
49-77, 52-35

D - 97

31-121, 33-121, 34-61

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 27

IOExtTD,

IOPar,
IOPARB_ABORT,
IOPARB_ACTIVE,
IOPARB_QUEUED,
IOPARF_ABORT,
IOPARF_ACTIVE,
IOPARF_QUEUED,
IOPArray,

ae Eoeat
IOPTB_PAPEROUT,
IOPTB_PBUSY,
IOPTB_PSEL,
IOPTB_RWDIR,
IOPTE_PAPEROUT,
IOPTE_PBUSY,
IOPTE_PSEL,
IOPTF_RWDIR,
IORequest,
IOSERB_ABORT,
IOSERB_ACTIVE,
IOSERB_BUFRREAD,
IOSERB_QUEUED,
IOSERF_ABORT,
IOSERF_ACTIVE,
IOSERF_BUFRREAD,
IOSERF_QUEUED,
IOSTB_O UN,
IOSTB_READBREAK,
IOSTB_WROTEBREAK,
IOSTB_XOFFREAD,
IOSTB_XOFFWRITE,
IOStdReq,
IOSTF_OVERRUN,
IOSTE_READBREAK,
IOSTF_WROTEBREAK,
IOSTE_XOFFREAD,
IOSTF_XOFEWRITE,
IOTArray,
iotd_Count,
iotd Req,
iotd_SecLabel,
IPointer,
IPOINTHEIGHT,
IPOINTHOTX,
IPOINTHOTY,
Iptr,
IPtrHeight,
IPtrWidth,
iqd_FNKUHDPort,
is_Node,
isalnun,
isalpha,
isascii,
iscntrl,

iscsyn,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 28

iscsynf,
isdigit,
ISDRAWN,
isgraph,
SCR X,
ISGRTRY,
ISLESSX,
ISLESSY,
islower,
isprint,
ispunct,
Isrvstr,
isspace,
isupper,
isxdigit,
ItemCRect,
ITEMDRAWN,
ITEMENABLED,
ItemFill,
ITEMNUM,
ITEMTEXT,
IText,
ITextFont,
itof,
IXOffset,
TYyoOffset,
JAM1,
JAM2,
JazzXx,
JazzyY,
joy0dat,
joyldat,
joytest,
jrand4s,

K

KARLA,
KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER,
KBD_READEVENT,
KBD_READMATRIX,
KBD_REMRESETHANDLER,
KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE,
KC_NOQUAL,
KC_VANILLA,

KCF_ALT,
KCE_CONTROL,
KCF_DOWNUP,
KCF_NOP,
KCF_SHIFT,
KCE_STRING,
KEYCODE_M,
KEYCODE_N,
KEYCODE_Q

oe ed

58-109
46-36
46-72
46-74
46-70
46-73
46-75
46-71
46-25, 46-61
48-123
46-80
46-78
46-82
46-76
46-81
46-79
46-83
46-77
2-43, 57-34
52-116
52-118
52-112
52-114
§2-117
52-119
52-113
52-115
52-128
52-124
52-126
52-120
52-122

33-117, 45-63, 46-36, 52-36, 58-110

52-129
52-125
§2-127
52-121
52-123
52-26,
58-111
58-110
58-112
33-149
33-416
33-417
33-418
28-16
33-150
33-151
33-197
28-15
12-42,
12-35,
12-46
12-45
12-47

52-67

12-47
12-48

12-48
12-38
34-187
12-44
6-79
6-80
6-77
6-78
12-37,
12-43
12-41
28-13,
12-40
12-36,
12-39
33-112
33-315
34-167
34-129
34-1846
34-157
34-752
34-750
43-25
33-152
33-152
50-88
34-1906, 50-89
34-87

34-87

13-26

13-27

13-47

42-91

12-50

28-16
12-51

4-28, 4-28, 4-31, 4-31, 19-164, 19-165

33-422
37-19
37-17
37-18
37-20
37-21
38-27
38-28
38-31
38-33
38-24
38-36
38-30
38-32
38-34
38-25
38-29
38-37
34-1936
34-1935
34-1933

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 29

KEYCODE_X,
KEYDELMIC,
KEYDELSEC,

k a
KEYREPMIC,
Pecantae
KeyRp ay,
Key Beepeed.
kn_H oy ikea
km_HikeyMap,
lon_HiKeyMap 8,
km_HiRepeatable,
km_Lo co
ka_LoKeyMap,
km_LoKeyMap 8,
km_LoRepeatable,
KNOBHIT,
KNOBHMIN,
KNOBVMIN,
1_LockMessage,

LACE,
lastBlissObj,
lastColor,
Layer,

Layer_Info,
LAYERBACKDROP,
LayerInfo,
LayerInfo_extra,
LayerInfo_extra_size,
LayerLockCount,
LayerLocker,
LayerPtr,
LAYERREFRESH,
layers,
LAYERSIMPLE,
LAYERSMART,
LAYERSUPER,
ldexp,

left,
LEFTBORDER,

Le ftEdge,

LEETHIT,

leftmost,

LETTER,

LIB_VECSIZE,
LIB_VECTSIZE,
LibNode,
LIBRARIES_DISKFONT_H,
LIBRARIES_DOS_H,
LIBRARIES_DOSEXTENS_H,
LIBRARIES_ICON_H,
LIBRARIES_MATHFEP_H,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 30

LIBRARIES_TRANSLATOR_H,
LINEMODE,

LinePtrn,

linpatcnt,

List,

loba,

LockCount,
Locker,
LockMessage,
LockNest,
LockPort,
LOECprList,
LOF list,

at

logl0,
LOGHUGE,
LOGTINY,
LONELYMESSAGE ,
LONGINT,
longreserved,
LOWCHECKWIDTH,
LOWCOMMWIDTH,
LOWRESGADGET,
LOWRESPICK,
lrand48,

Mask,
MatchToolValue,
matherr,

max,

MAXBODY,
MAXBYTESPERROW,
MaxChars,
MaxCount,
MAXCYLS,

MAXDI SPLAYCOLUMNS,
MAXDI SPLAYHEIGHT,
MAXDI SPLAYROWS,
MAXDI SPLAYWIDTH,

34-1934
33-252
33-251
10-20,
33-250
33-249
34-1649
34-1647
38-20
38-19
38-18
38-21
38-16
38-15
38-14
38-17
34-637
34-644
34-646
6-48
60-59
50-49
50-46
6-25, 6-27, 6-63, 33-135, 33-237, 33-237,
34-231, 34-691, 34-1241, 34-1506, 39-24,
39-25, 39-26, 50-54, 50-54

6-52, 34-1482, 39-22

39-19

6-52, 34-1482

39-39, 39-39

39-37

6-35

6-53

34-691

39-20

34-41

39-16

39-17

39-18

42-16, 42-93

33-136

34-474, 34-622

34-74, 34-118, 34-209, 34-291, 34-742,
34-785, 34-821, 34-1098, 34-1337, 34-1450,
34-1555

8-35

50-48

34-1763

44-48

15-110, 15-111, 15-112, 15-113, 15-114
26-26, 33-72, 35-40

16-1, 16-2
19-4, 19-5,
20-2, 20-3,
29-2, 29-3,
43-1, 43-2,

10-53, 33-187, 33-187, 34-716, 38-13

19-229,
20-233
29-44
43-46

20-23, 54-17, 54-19

59-1, 59-2, 59-15
3-59

27-29, S0-69
50-66

15-64, 26-36,
6-63
6-31,
6-33
39-33
6-46
39-31
6-45, 39-28
60-48

26-31

42-17, 42-92

42-18, 42-92, 43-16
42-77

42-78

34-1063

34-490, 34-706
39-38, 50-83
34-1879
34-1880
33-55
33-48
42-91
14-23,
9-93
9-94
9-92, 10-27
45-38, 45-42
61-134
27-30,
29-39
42-90
11-54, 41-4, 55-66
34-648

3-20

34-676

11-67, 50-25
58-35
33-406
33-403,
33-404
33-405, 33-406
16-41, 16-55
16-23, 16-26

26-51, 26-53, 61-62, 61-90

39-29

27-30, 27-30

33-236, 50-60

33-404

Q, 45-54

34-1107, 34-1415
19-47

45-52

34-649

45-50

10-29, 10-55
45-56

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 31

MaxWidth,
MaxX

MaxXMouse,
MaxyY,
MaxYMouse,
MeMask,
Memory,
Menu,
MENUCANCEL,
MENUDOWN,
MenuDrawn,

MENUENABLED,
MenuHBorder,
MENUHOT,
Menulten,
MenuNanme,
MENUNULL,
MENUNUM,
MENUPICK,
MenuRPort,
MenuSelected,

MENUSTATE,

MenuStrip,

MENUTOGGLE,

MENUTOGGLED,
ME

NUUP,
MenuVBorder,
MENUVERIFEY,
MENUWAITING,
Message,

Mesetgeney:
Micros,
MIDRAWN,
MIN,
MINEREQ,
MinHeight,
MININT,
MINPITCH,
MINRATE,
minterns,
MINVOL,
MinWidth,
Minx,
MinXMouse,
MinyY,
MinYMouse,

MiscResource,
ode,

MODE_ 640,
MODE_NEWEILE,

Apr 29 10:15 1986

MODE_OLDFILE,
Modes,

modf,
MOUSEBUTTONS,
MOUSEDBLMIC,
MOUSEDBLSEC,
MOUSEMOVE ,
Mousex,

MouseY,
MouseYMininun,
mouth_rb,
mouths,
mr_AllocArray,
MR_ALLOCMI SCRESOURCE,
MR_FREEMISCRESOURCE,
mr_Library,
MR_PARALLELBITS,
MR_PARALLELPORT,
MR_SERIALBITS,
MR_SERIALPORT,
mrand48,

MSDOS1,

MsgPort,

MTYPE_CLOSEDOWN,
MTYPE_DISKCHANGE,
MTYPE_IOPROC,
MTYPE_PSTD,
MTYPE_TIMER,
MTYPE_TOOLEXIT,
MUSTDRAW,
MutualExclude,
N_TRACTOR,
NABC,

NABNC,

NANBC,

NANBNC,
narrator_rb,
NATURALE 0,
ND_CantAlloc,
ND_Expunged,
ND_FreqgErr,
ND_MakeBad,
ND_ModeErr,
ND_NoAudLib,
ND_NoMen,
ND_NoWrite,
ND_PhonErr,
ND_PitcheErr,
ND_RateErr,
ND_SexErr,
ND_Unimp1,
ND_UnitErr,
ND_VolErr,
NEWCLIPRECTS_1_1,

34-1107, 34-1415
25-28

33-92

25-28

33-93

24-108
34-1829
34-71, 34-73,
34-1075
34-1918
33-94, 33-355, 33-356,
33-359, 33-360

34-92

33-164, 34-1469
34-1073

34-82, 34-114, 34-116, 34-143
34-80

34-1858

34-1845

34-985

33-111

33-95, 33-362,
33-366, 33-367
34-1295

34-1112

34-165

34-191

34-1917

33-163, 34-1468
34-995

34-1077

2-50, 6-46, 6-48, 7-38, 7-54, 15-50,
20-78, 20-109,
54-22, 56-56
34-1191
33-90,
34-96
41-5, 55-67
45-53

34-1106, 34-1414
19-48

45-51

45-49

50-71

45-55

34-1106, 34-1414
25-27

33-92

25-27

33-93

44-51

44-51

44-42

33-236, 45-66
17-14

19-28

34-1112

33-357, 33-358,

33-363, 33-364, 33-365,

20-59,
34-915, 45-63, 48-124, 48-138,

34-950

h.xref Page 32

19-24
26-38,
42-19,
34-975
33-254
33-253
34-977
33-87,
33-87,
33-189
45-82
45-72
44-44
44-47
44-48
44-43
44-38
44-37
44-36
44-35
42-91
36-31
6-45, 6-47, 10-33, 20-33, 20-60,
20-79, 20-209, 20-229, 33-197,
39-27, 39-28, 49-62, 49-82,
61-146

61-144

61-147

61-142

61-145

61-143

24- 26

34-125, 34-344

33-292, 34-1785

3-28, 3-34, 3-35, 3-36
3-29, 3-34

3-30, 3-35, 3-36

3-31

45-62, 45-83

45-40, 45-43

45-18

45-21

45-27

45-16

45-26

45-15

45-14

45-20

45-22

45-24

45-23

45-25

45-19

45-17

45-28

6-68

60-40,
42-93

60-52

34-944, 34-1103,
34-944, 34-1103,

34-1455
34-1455

20-61,
34-1190,
54-23

D - 100

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 33

newlayer,

NEWLAYERINEO_CALLED,

NEWPREES,

NewScreen,

NEWSIZE,

NewWindow,

Next,

NextBorder,

NextConmp,

NextGadget,

NextImage,

NextItem,

nextLine,

NextMenu,

NextOb,

NextRemenmber ,

NextScreen,

NextSelect,

NextSeq,

NextText,

Next VSprite,

NextWindow,

nm_mnasks,

NO_ICON_POSITION,

NOCAREREFRESH,

NOCONSOLE ,

NOCROSSEILL,

Node,

nodes,

NOGRAPHICS,

NOITEM,

NOLAYERS,

NOMENU,

NONDP,

NOSUB,

NOT,

nrand46,

NTSC,

NUEBS,

NULL,

nun,

numchan,

NumChars,
NUMCYL

NUMHEADS ,
NUMMRTYPES,
NUMSECS,
NUMTRACKS,

NUMUNITS,
nxtlist,

QO,
O_APPEND,
O_CREAT,

O_EXCL,

O_NDELAY,
O_RAW,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 34

O_RDONLY,
O_RDWR,
O_TRUNC,
O_WRONLY,
OAlloc,

obj,

ObjAlloc,

obs,

OCTANT1,
OCTANT 2,
OCTANT3,
OCTANT4,
OCTANTS,
OCTANT6,
OCTANT7,
OCTANTS ,
OFFE_DISPLAY,
OFF_SPRITE,
OFF_VBLANK,
OFFSET_BEGINING,
OFFSET_BEGINNING,
OFESET_CURRENT,
OFESET_END,
OKIMATE_20,
OlderRequest,
O1dax

O1ldY,
ON_DISPLAY,
ON_SPRITE,
ON_VBLANK,

ONE_DOT,

OVELAG,
P_STKSIZE,
pad,

pad2d,
pad34,
pad3b,
pad7c,
pads3,
pads6,
Ee
padding,
PAL.
PAPERLENGTH,
PAPERSIZE,
PAPERTYPE,
PAPERWIDTH,
arallel,
PARALLEL_PRINTER,

33-135

39-42

34-997

34-1553

34-971

34-1331, 61-43, 61-67

6-61, 11-52, 11-59, 11-73, 51-14, 60-31, 60-69
34-796

24-189

34-288

34-895

34-116

50-44

34-73

24-209

34-1827

34-1445

34-150

24-193

34-754

24-79

34-1095

45-69

61-172

34-1302

33-393

50-102

7-31, 16-51, 28-15, 61-94, 61-95, 61-96, 61-97
7-14, 16-14, 28-9, 48-20, 49-16, 61-19
33-386

34-1856

33-387

34-1855

42-7

34-1857

34-1865

42-91

26-59

36-12

24-253, 34-1909, 34-1910,
53-15

45-74

34-685

58-34, 58-35, 58-39
58-37, 58-39

44-40, 44-44

58-36

58-39

58-40

11-25, 11-42, 11-42
4-27, 4-30, 19-157, 19-158
22-11

22-12

22-14

22-10

22-16

55-35, 55-37, 55-39

22-6
22-8
22-13
22-7
61-135
61-135, 61-135
61-135

39-26

3-79

3-78

3-77

3-76

3-75

3-74

3-73

3-72

27-21

27-23

27-26

19-41

19-34, 19-41

19-36

19-38

34-1799

34-208

24-92, 33-137
24-92, 33-137
27-20

27-22

27-25

50-95

3-63

11-22

33-131

34-1269

24-44

42-49

24-25

3-64

49-58, 49-84
25-39, 45-75, 45-87
13-61
13-66
13-70
13-95
13-99
13-102
13-104
34-1729
26-61
33-294,
33-292,

34-1724

34-1722
33-295, 34-1726
33-293

46-85, 49-32
34-1735

D- 101

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 35

PARALLELNAVE ,
PARB_EOEMODE ,,

Parent,

ParErr_Bu fTooBig,
ParErr_DevBusy,
ParErr_InitErr,
ParErr_InvParan,
ParErr_LineErr,
ParErr_NotOpen,
ParErr_PortReset,
PARE_EOEMODE,
PARF_RAD_| BOOGIE,
PARF_SHARED,
~PCC_ BW,

PCC_YMC_ BW,
PCC_YMCB,
vice,
pd_Flags,
pda_ior0O,

iorl,
pd_IORPort,
crore

re snoshat

PA PIOR1,
pda_Pre ferences,

pa_PrintBu f,

Ea pr inteltye.

Dui cenebl es.
pd_PWaitEnab

pd_PWrite,

paso,

pd_s Rae,

egmnentData,

pd_SIORO,

pd_SIOR1,

pd_Stk,

pd TT OR.

Unit,

P _ QUERY,

PDCMD_SETPARAMS ,

PDERR_BADDIMENSION,

PDERR_BUFEFERMEMORY ,

PDERR_CANCEL,

PDERR_DIMENSIONOVELOW,

PDERR_INTERNALMEMORY ,

PDERR_INVERTHAM,

PDERR_NOTGRAPHICS,

Close,

ped_ColorClass,

46-865
46-68
46-66
46-64

34-1168

46-91
46-90
46-96
46-92
46-93
46-94
46-95
46-69
46-67
46-65
49-100
49-101
49-102
49-103
49-61
49-85
49-72,
49-78,
49-82
49-70,
49-76,
49-86
49-68
49-73
49-79
49-87
49-66
49-63
49-64
49-88
49-67
49-71,
49-77,
49-65
49-74
49-80
49-84
49-83
49-81
49-62
46-87
46-88
48-172
48-175
48-169
48-173
48-174
48-171
48-170
49-110
49-112

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 36

ped_Commands,
ped_DoSpecial,
ped_Expunge,
ped_Init,
ped_MaxColumns,
ped_MaxXDots,
axYDots,
ped_NumCharSets,
ows,

ped_PrinterClass,
ped_PrinterNane,
ender,
ped_TimeoutSecs,
ped_XDotsInch,
ped_YDotsInch,
PenHeight,

PenWidth,

PE 2PRI,
PF_FINE_SCROLL_MASK,
PFA_FINE_SCROLL,
PFB_FINE_SCROLL_SHIFT,
PFBA,

PL,

PI2,

PI4,

itch,

Plan Off,
PlanePick,
PLANEPTR,
Planes,
PLNCNIMSK,
PLNCNTSHET,
PLOSS,
PMB_ASM,
PMB_AWM,
Pointer,
PointerMatrix,
POINTERMATRI XMINREQ,
POINTERSIZE,
POINTERTICKS,
POINTERX,
POINTERY,
POINTREL,
pos,
posctldata,
potddat,
potidat,
potgo,
POTGONAME ,,
potinp,

pow,

49-120
49-121
49-108
49-107
49-113
49-116
49-117
49-114
49-115
49-109
49-111
49-106
49-122
49-123
49-118
49-119
50-73
50-72
17-18
17-27
17-25
17-26
60-56
14-21,
43-13
43-14

33-281,

14-21,
42-71
14-21
45-65

24-137,
24-136,

25-31,
25-40
17-15
17-17
42-52
10-27,
10-28,

49-73, 49-74
49-79, 49-80

49-73
49-79

49-74
49-80

42-69, 43-11, 43-12, 43-13, 43-14

34-1753
42-70

34-887
34-887
25-40

10-28
10-75

34-1177
34-1659

33-36

34-1608, 34-1659

33-262,

33-257
33-258
34-254
13-107
53-12
13-30
13-31
13-46,
47-7
13-32
42-20,

34-1669

47-7
42-92

D - 102

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 37

ow2,

PPC_B HA,
PPC_BWGEX,
PPC_COLORGEX,
PPCB_COLOR,
PPCB_GFX,
PPCFE_COLOR,
PPCE_CFX,
pr_CIS,

vee
pr_ConsoleTask,
pr_Cos,
pr_CurrentDir,
pr_FileSystenTask,
pr_GlobVec,
pr_MsgPort,
r_Pad,
pr_PktWait,
r_Result2,

6 Returnaday.
pr_SegList,
pr_StackBase,
pr_StackSize,
r_Task,
pr_TaskNun,

Ee aeeonn.
PRD_DUMPRPORT,
PRD_PRTCOMMAND,
PRD_RAWWRITE,
PREDRAWN,
PREF_FILE,
Preferences,
prefs,

prev,

PrevComp,
Previten,
PrevOb,

PrevSeq,
PrevVSprite,
PRIMARY_CLIP,
PRINTASPECT,
PrinterData,
PrinterExtendedData,
PrinterFilenane,
PrinterPort,
PrinterSegment,
PRINTERTYPE,
PrintImage,
PRINTINVERSE,
PRINTLEFTMARGIN,
PRINTOQUALITY.

R j
PRTIPERECHIMARGIN:
PRINTSHADE,
PRINTSPACING,
PRINTTHRESHOLD,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 38

Process,
PROPBORDERLESS,
PROPGADGET,
ile rat sable
ps_NextSegment,
ps_PED,
ps_Revision,
ps_runAlert,
peste enc
PTermArray0,
PTermArrayl,
PtrHeight,
PtrWidth,
putc,

utchar,
utIcon,
PutWBObject,
alifier,

Q _LP_20,
R,

RasInfo,
RasPtr,
RASSIZE,
RastPort,

rate,

RAWKEY,
RECOVERY_ALERT,
Rectangle,
refptr,
REFRESHBITS,
REFRESHWINDOW,
Region,
RegionRectangle,
REL ED,
RelLeft,
RelTop,
RELVERIFEY,
RemBob,
Remember,
RemenmberSize,
ReplyPort,
REPO USE,
REQACTIVE,
pedo oak
REQCLEAR ,

R unt,

R adget,
RegLayer,
REQOFF W,
ReqPad1,
ReqPad2,

REQSET,
R ext,
REQUESTDEST,

Requester,

42-21

49-96

49-97

49-98

49-93

49-91

49-94

49-92

20-42

20-47

20-44

20-43

20-41

20-46

20-37

20-33

20-34

29-49

20-40

20-48

20-35

20-39

20-36

20-32

20-38

20-50

48-33

48-32

48-31

34-256
33-298
33-179, 33-179, 34-1631, 49-87
33-298

6-62, 51-14

24-190

33-129

24-209

24-194

24-80

7-51

33-287, 34-1714

49-60

49-105, 49-131

34-1694

34-1639

49-65, 49-126

33-278, 34-1692

394-1712
33-286

33-284,
33-281,
33-282,
33-285,
33-288,
33-283,
33-289,

34-1704
34-1698
34-1700
34-1710
34-1716
34-1702
34-1718

20-31
34-635
34-528
33-124,
49-127
49-131
49-130
49-128
49-129
46- 26
46-27
34-1178
34-1181
$5-51, 55-52

55-52

29-39

29-39

34-929

34-1800

20-123

60-42, 60-42, 60-67, 60-69
50-31

25-43

6-29, 27-17, 33-111,
34-1155, 34-1478,
45-64

34-989

34-1890

6-30, 6-65, 25-25, 51-15, 51-20
13-40

34-1265

34-973

6-49, 51-18

51-12, 51-14, 51-21, 51-21
33-319

34-217

34-217

34-430

24-254

34-1825, 34-1827

34-1828
6-47
34-1274
34-264
34-222
34-993
34-1128
34-220,
34-231
34-262
34-233
34-249
34-983
34-224
33-375
34-204, 34-208, 34-1118, 34-1125

34-551, 61-58, 61-59

33-134, 34-37, 34-1133,
34-1478, 48-144, 50-52

34-514

D - 103

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 39

REQVERIFY,
RESCOUNT,
reserved,

reservedl,
resource,

RESOURCES_DISK_H,
RESOURCES_MISC_H,
RESOURCES_MISC_I,
RESOURCES_POTGO_H,
RESTORING,
RETURN_ERROR,
RETURN_FAIL,
RETURN_OK,

rightmost,
RIN IGGER,
RingXTrans,
ae ere.

TRAP,
rn_ConsoleSegment,
rn_Info,
rn_RestartSeg,
rn_TaskArray,
rn_Tine,
ROBOTICEO,
RootNode,

round,

Rows,

rp,

Be ee yore
_User,

RPort,
RWindow,
RxOffset,
RyOf fset,
samp freq,
Satis ao
SAVEBACK,
SAVEBOB,
SaveBuf fer,
SaveColor0O,
savelayer,
SAVEPRESERVE,
SAVERMOUSE,
SaveRPort,
SAVING,
SBitMap,
Screen,

SCREENDEST,

34-991

33-53, 33-143, 33-144, 33-144
6-36, 6-67, 26-56, 50-84, 60-41
6-37

5-11, 5-12, 15-107, 44-51, 47-7
15-2, 15-3, 15-129

44-53

44-1, 44-2

A7-1, 47-2
33-240
19-204
19-206
19-200

50-48

24-49

24-223
24-223
34-1300
20-164
20-167
20-166
20-161
20-165

45-41

20-160

43-24

25-36

6-29, 33-134
39-27

50-81

14-24
34-1133
34-247

60-71

60-71

45-71

7-53

24-24

24-36

24-151
34-1503
33-135

24-43

33-311
33-234
33-239
33-115
33-79, 33-84, 33-132, 33-199,
34-1131, 34-1380, 34-1380,
35-45, 35-50
33-373

33-210,
34-1443, 34-1445,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 40

ScreenTitle,
SCREENTYPE,
SCRGADGET,
Scroll_X,
Scroll1_yY,
BREAK

SelectFill,
SelectRender,
SELECTUP,
SERB_7TWIRE,
SERB_EOEMODE,
SERB_PARTY_ODD,
SERB_PARTY_ON,
SERB_QUEVEDBRK,
SERB_RAD_BOOGIE,
SERB_SHARED,
SERB_XDISABLED,
serdat,

serdatr,
SerErr_BaudMismatch,
SerErr_BufErr,
SerErr_Bu fOver flow,
SerErr_DetectedBreak,
SerErr_DevBusy,
SerErr_InitErr,
SerErr_InvBaud,
SerErr_InvParan,
SerErr_LineErr,
SerErr_NoCTS,
SerErr_NoDSR,
SerErr_Not ;
SerErr_ParityErr,
SerErr_PortReset,
SerErr_TimerErr,
SERF_7WIRE,
SERF_EOFMODE,
SERF_PARTY_ODD,
SERE_PARTY_ON,
SERF_QUEUEDBRK,
SERF_RAD_BOOGIE,
SERE_SHARED,
SERE_XDISABLED,
serial,
SERIAL_PRINTER,
SERIALNAME,
serper,

34-1205
34-1521
34-510
6-44
6-44
$2-93
52-92
52-94
34-523
33-64
33-65
34-519
33-89, 34-950
42-89
34-1916
33-128, 34-408
34-137
34-317
34-1915
52-106
52-98
52-108
52-110
52-104
52-102
52-100
52-96
13-44
13-33
52-132
52-134
52-142
52-145
52-131
52-140
52-133
52-135
52-136
52-144
52-143
52-137
52-139
52-138
52-141
52-107
52-99
52-109
52-111
52-105
52-103
52-101
52-97
49-35, 52-147
34-1736
52-147
13-45

D - 104

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 41

SetAfPt,
SETDITEM,
SETDMENU,

SetDrPt,

SETDSUB,

SetOPen,
SETSITEM,
SETSMENU,

SETSSUB,

setWExcept,
SetWrMsk,

SGR_DEFAULTBG,
SGR_GREEN,
SGR_GREENBG,
SGR_ITALIC,
SGR_MAGENTA,
SGR_MAGENTABCG,
SGR_NEGATIVE,
SGR_PRIMARY,
SGR_RED,
SGR_REDBG,
SGR_UNDERSCORE ,
SGR_WHITE,
SGR_WHITEBG,

SHADE_GREYSCALE ,

shape,
SHARED_LOCK,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 42

SHECprList,
SHFlist,
SHIETITEM,
SHIFTMENU,
SHIETSUB,

SHIETY,
SHOWTITLE,
SIGBREAKB_CTRL_C,
SIGBREAKB_CTRL_D,
SIGBREAKB_CTRL_E,
SIGBREAKB_CTRL_F,
SIGBREAKE_CTRL_C,
SIGBREAKF_CTRL_D,
SIGBREAKF_CTRL_E,
SIGBREAKF_CTRL_F,
SIGN,

SIGNELAG,
SILENCE,
SIMPLE_REEFRESH,
SimpleSprite,

SKIP_WAIT,
sm_ArgList,
sm_ClipID,
sm_Message,

g
sn_Process,
smn_Segnent,

sm_ToolWindow,
sn_Unit,
SMART_REFRESH,
SMARTCOMPI LER,
sp_Msg,
sp_Pkt,

SPAbs,

SPAcos,

SPAdd,

SPAsin,
SPAtan,

SPCap,

SPCos,

SPCosh,

SPDiv,
SPECIAL_ASPECT,

9-73
9-65
9-74
9-66
9-75
9-43
9-53
- 9-45
9-55
9-39
9-49
9-32
9-42
9-52
9-34
9-30
9-38
9-48
9-33
9-44
9-54
9-40
9-50

34-1778
34-1780
34-1779

45-86
19-51

60-49
26-32
34-1850
34-1849
34-1851
33-327
34-1530
19-211,
19-212,
19-217,
19-218,
19-224
19-225
19-226
19-227
34-1864
3-65
33-216
34-1267
53-10
42-22, 42-94
42-48

34-1750

42-23, 42-94
33-283, 34-1766

19-224
19-225
19-226
19-227

50-32, 61-134, 61-134, 61-135, 61-135

34-1258
34-1256
33-60
61-67, 61-67
34-969
34-517
33-308
SA- 27
7-56
54-22
7-54
S4-25
54-23
S4- 24
54-26
7-55
34-1266
61-101
20-109
20-110
43-31
43-38
43-33
43-38
43-38
43-29
43-39
43-40
43-36
48-162

D - 105

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 43

SPECIAL_DENSITY1,
SPECIAL_DENSITY2,
SPECIAL_DENSITY3,
SPECIAL_DENSITY4,
SPECIAL_DENSITYMASK,
SPECIAL_FRACCOLS,
SPECIAL_FRACROWS ,
SPECIAL_FULLCOLS,
SPECIAL_FULLROWS ,
SPECIAL_MILCOLS,
SPECIAL_MILROWS,
SpecialInfo,
SpecialLink,

SPExp,

SPFieee,

SPFix,

SPFlt,

eae

SPLog10,

SPMul,

SPNeg,
SPPow,

spr,
SprColors,
Sprins,
SPRITE_ATTACHED,
Beg
SpriteReserved,
SPRITES,

sprpt,

sprRsrvd,
sprstop,
sprstrtup,
SPSin,

SPSincos,
SPSinh,

SPSaqrt,

SPSub,

SRCC,
SRET_CANCELMENU ,
SRET_GPROP,
SRET_GRELEASE,
SRET_GSDRAG,
SRET_GSIZING,
SRET_GWDRAG,
SRET_MENU,
SRET_REQ,
SRET_RJM,

48-164
48-165
48-166
48-167
48-163
48-160
48-161
48-158
48-159
48-156
48-157
34-352
34-959
43-41
43-42
43-27
43-28
43-41
43-41
43-35
43-32
43-Al
13-111
24-120
60-35
53-8
13-106
26-44
60-61
13-105
50-39
11-82
11-81
43-39
43-39
43-40
43-42
43-34
43-39
43-40
55-36
43-30
42-24,
14-25
3-53
3-52
3-51
33-352
33-349
33-347
33-350
33-345
33-346
33-344
33-348
33-342

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 44

SRET_SMENU,
SRET_STRING,
StandardPacket,
start,

StartMicros,
StartSecs,

stat,

StateReturn,
stderr,

stdin,

stdout,

strcmp,

STREQ,

strequ,

STRGADGET,

strhor,
STRINGCENTER,
StringInfo,
STRINGRIGHT,
strlong,

STRPTR,

strtol,

strvbl,

SubCRect,

SUBDRAWN,

SubI ten,

SUBNUM,

SUD,

SUL,

SUPER_BITMAP,
SUPER_UNUSED,
SuperBitMap,
SuperClipRect,
SuperSaveClipRects,
SUPFRONT,
SUPEFRONTGADGET,
SUSERELAGS,
SwapBits,
SwapBitsRastPortClipRect,
SWE_NOACTIVE,
SWE_REQUEST,

sFont,

SYS ET,
sGadgets,
SYSREQUEST,
SysScreen,
system_bplcond,
ta_Flags,
ta_Name,
ta_Style,
ta_YSize,
tan,

tanh,
Task,
TBC_HCLRTAB,
TBC_HCLRTABSALL,

33-343
33-351
20-108
11-53
33-130
33-130
3-86
33-133
55-47
55-45,
55-46,
61-136
61-136
13-48
34-529
13-50
34-485
34-666
34-487
13-51
7-46, 5
42-91
13-49
33-113
33-316
34-143
34-1847
3-68
3-69
34-1268
34-1315
6-39
6-40
6-54
34-521
33-63
24-22
33-398
33-398
33-332
33-331
33-174
34-508
33-143
34-270
33-132
26-42
56-50
56-47
56-49
56-48

42-92

55-50
55-52

6-47

42-25, 42-94

42-26,
6-53,
9-88
9-89

2

42-94
0-32,

39-33, 49-83

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 45

TD_CHANGENUM,
TD_CHANGESTATE,
TD_FORMAT,
TD_LABELSIZE,
TD_LASTCOMM,
TD_MOTOR,
TD_NAME,
TD_PROTSTATUS,
TD_REMOVE,
TD_SECSHIFET,
TD_SECTOR,

TD_SEEK,
TDERR_BadDrive e,
TDERR_BadHdrSun,
TDERR_BadSecHdr,
TDERR_BadSecID,
TDERR_BadSecPreanmble,
TDERR_BadSecSun,
TDERR_BadUnitNun,
TDERR_DiskChanged,
TDERR_DrivelInUse,
TDERR_NoMen,
TDERR_NoSecHdr,
TDERR_NotSpeci fied,
TDERR_SeekError,
TDERR_TooFewSecs,
TDERR_WriteProt,
TDE_EXTCOM,

TermArray0O,
TermArrayl,
text,
TextAttr,
TextFont,
TextFonts,
tf_Accessors,
tf_Baseline,
tf_BoldSmear,
tf_CharData,
tf_CharKern,
tf_CharLoc,
tf_CharSpace,
tf_Flags,
tf_HiChar,
tf_LoCnar,
tf_Message,
tf Modulo,
tf_Style,
tf_XSize,
tf_YSize,
TICKS_PER_SECOND,
Timer,
timerequest,
TIMERNAME,
TimeSet,
timeval,

58-100, 58-10
52-27

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 46

timsrv,

TINY,

Title,

TLOSS,
TMAlloc,
TmpRas,
toascii,
TOBB,
TOF_WaitQ,
TOGGLESELECT,
tolower,
ToolTypeArray,
top,
top_layer,
topaz,
TOPAZ_EIGHTY,
TOPAZ_SIXTY,
TOPBORDER,
TopEdge,

TOPHIT,
topmost,

ReOUbS 5
TR_ADDREQUEST,
TR_GETSYSTIME,
TR_MakeBad,
tr_node,
TR_NoMen,
TR_NotUsed,
TR_SETSYSTIME,
tr_time,
trackdisk,
TRUE,

trunc,
tv_micro,
tv_secs,
TWO_PI,
TxBaseline,

TxSpacing,
Type.

UCopList,
UCopperListIinit,
UFB

UFB_AP,
UFB_NC,
UFB_NT,

16-20,

58-82
58-83
58-80,
58-117
58-86
58-78, 58-97
58-73

58-84, 58-86
58-81

58-52

58-51

58-79, 58-98
58-140
58-131
58-134

58-99

58-130

58-129

58-132

58-139

58-136
58-141

58-138

58-128
58-127
58-137

58-133

58-135

58-75, 58-95, 58-96, 58-97, 58-98, 58-99,
1

52-28

34-45

16-67, 33-174, 34-750, 34-1472, 34-1567, 56-46
10-66, 16-56, 26-37, 50-74, 56-55

26-36

56-65

56-62

56-63

56-69

$6-75

56-72

56-74

56-60

56-68

56-67

56-56

56-71

56-59

56-61

56-58

19-70

24-182, 31-14, 34-57, 49-38, 57-26
33-193, 49-81, 57-33
57-26

24-186

31-133, 34-1647, 34-1649, 34-1651, 57-28, 57-35

26-35

42-76

34-1115, 34-1369,
42-51

61-134

50-29, 50-57, 50-57
12-52
25-20,
26-53
34-478
12-51
29-41
33-136
39-24
33-422
34-1627
34-1628
34-475, 34-623

34-74, 34-118, 34-209, 34-291, 34-744,
34-785, 34-823, 34-1098, 34-1337, 34-1450,
34-1555

8-33

50-48

12-50

57-39

57-40

59-13

57-34

59-12

59-11

34-1461

25-22

33-18, 34-5

50-80

50-78

34-1425, 34-1564, 42-36, 60-23,
61-134, 61-135, 61-135

11-32, 11-43, 11-44

11-37, 11-45, 11-46

11-39, 11-42, 11-43, 11-44, 11-45, 11-46
11-38, 11-43, 11-44, 11-45, 11-46

60-37
11-71,
27-35
36-6
36-23
36-24
36-22

61-134,

11-73, 60-37

D - 107

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 47

UFB_OP,
UEB_RA,
UEB_WA,
ufbfh,
ufbflg,

ufb j
UNDERELOW,
UndoBu f fer,
UndoPos,
union,

Unit,
UNIT_MICROHZ,
UNIT_VBLANK,
UPERONTGADGET,
US_LEGAL,
US_LETTER,
UserData,
UserPort,
VANI LLAKEY,
VBlank,
vberv,

vce fd,

vc fddc,

vc fde,

vefdi,
VetrPtr,
VetrTbl,
VERSIONNUMBER,
VertBody,
VertPot,
vhposr,
vhposw,

Lew,
ViewInitXx,
ViewInity,
VIEWINITYMINREQ,
ViewLord,
ViewModes,
ViewPort,

VIEWX,
ViewXOf fset,
VI j
ViewYOffset,
VIRGINDISPLAY,
voice,

volume,
VP_HIDE,

osr,

VPOSRLOE,
vposvy,
VPotRes,
VSBob,
VSIZEBITS,
VSIZEMASK,
VSOVERELOW,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 48

VSPRITE,

vthick,
VUserExt,
VUserStuff,
VWaitPos,
W_TRACTOR,
wa_Lock,
wa_Name,
WB_DISKMAGIC,
WB_DISKVERSION,

BUTE.
WBDEVICE,
WBDISK,
WBDRAWER,
WBENCHCLOSE,
WBENCHMESSAGE,
WBENCHOPEN,
WBENCHSCREEN,
WBENCHWINDOW,
WBGARBAGE,
WBKICK,
WBMessage,
WBOb ject,
WBorBotton,
WBorLeft,
WBorRight,
WBorTop,
wbotton,
WBPort,
WBPROJECT,
WBStartup,
WBTOOt.,
WDOWNBACK,
WDRAGGING,
WEIRDECHO,
wheight,
Width,

Window,

WINDOWACTIVE,
WINDOWCLOSE,
WINDOWDEPTH,

WINDOWDEST,
WINDOWDRAG,
WindowPort,
WINDOWREFRESH,
WINDOWSI ZING,
WINDOWTICKED,
WLayer,
wo_Background,
wo_CurrentX,
wo_CurrentyY,

36-19
36-20
36-21
36-10
36-8
36-9
42-50
34-672
34-683
11-23,

11-28, 11-33,

31-126, 49-69, 49-75

7-40, 48-126, 48-140

§7-23
57-24
33-58
34-1784
34-1783

34-356, 34-1233,

34-1190
34-1011
26-39
26-35
14-34
14-34
14-34
14-34
50-21
50-20
33-26
34-613
34-572
13-24
13-42
26-27,
33-183,

33-76,
34-1685

33-183, 34-1685

33-31

33-76, 35-42

34-1561
11-61,

34- 1476 o

60-47, 60-47

33-271
34-1681
33-272
34-1683
33-320
45-83
45-70
60-62
13-23
17-38
13-41
34-621
24-122
3-16
3-18
24-31

24-23,

24-75, 24-79,

34-33,

34-1510

35-21, 35-42, 60-45

34-1476, 60-29, 60-31,

24-80, 24-86, 24-87,

24-162, 24-239, 50-42

33-138
24-139

24-58, 24-59,
11-43,

11-30,
34-1786
54-31
54-32
61-85
61-86

54-27, 54-30

61-39
61-34
61-35
34-1083
34-1003

33-198

29-38, 33-128, 61-61, 61-93,

33-159,
33-156,
33-158,
33-157,
33-141
33-197
61-37
54-21
61-36
34-522
34-518
33-392
33-141

24-105, 33-136, 34-76,

34-293,

34-1470
34-1470
34-1470
34-1470

34-825,

34-1555, 45-84

6-43, 10-35, 33-78,
34-1093,

34-1095, 34-1168,

61-60, 61-120

34-1291
34-1253
34-1251
33-374
34-1249
34-1190
34-1308
34-1247
34-1312
34-1241
61-105
61-121
61-122

24-139
11-43

61-98

34-120,
34-1100,

34-211,
34-1339, 34-1452,

33-209, 34-247, 34-956,
34-1447, 35-44,

D - 108

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 49

wo_DefaultTool,
wo_DrawerData,
wo_DrawerOpen,
wo_Flags,
wo_FreeList,
wo_Gadget,
wo_IconDisp,
wo_IconWin,
wo_Lock,
wo_MasterNode,
wo_Nane,
wo_NameX0O f fset,
wo_NameYO f fset,
wo_Parent,
wo_Selected,
wo_SelectNode,
wo_Siblings,
wo_StackSize,
wo_ToolTypes,
wo_ToolWindow,
wo_Type,

wo, UseCount,
wo_UtilityNode,
wordreserved,
wright,
WScreen,
WUPERONT,
wwidth,

o

Xl,
XAccel,
xoffset,
XTrans,
XVel,

Y,

Y1,

YAccel,
yoffset,
YTrans,
YVel,

Zl,

_acos,
_asin,
_atan,

ed _B,
_base,
_BUFSIZ,
_C,

_cbuff,
_cliprects,
_CopList,
_cos,

Apr 29 10:15 1986 h.xref Page 50

_cosh,
_cot,
ctype 4

_IOWRT,
—L,
_idexp,
3109.
logl0,
_nodf,
N,
_NFILE,
ak,
_pl,

2,
izea’
_povw,
_pow2,
_ptr,
_rcnt,
_sin,
_8inh,
_8size,
_sqrt,
_tan,
_tanh,
U,
_ViewPort,
_went,

o

61-118
61-119
61-103
61-108
61-126
61-124
61-102
61-120
61-130
61-94
61-114
61-115
61-116
61-98
61-104
61-96
61-95
61-129
61-123
61-127
61-111
61-112
61-97
39-36,
33-141
34-1131
34-520
33-141
14-26, 24-102, 34-1864, 34-1864, 34-1864,
41-6, 41-6, 41-6, 41-6, 43-23, 43-23, 43-24,
43-24, 53-14, 55-65, 55-65, 55-65, 55-65
14-27

24-221

33-137, 34-1184, 34-1661

24-199

24-220

34-793

14-26, 24-102, 53-14

14-27

24-221

33-137, 34-1184, 34-1663

24-198

24-220

14-26

50-82

12-29, 12-45
55-20
6-51
11-60
42-11

42-12
42-13
12-33,
12-40,
42-14
42-15
55-49
55-18,
$5-17,
55-51,
42-85
55-24,
55-11,
55-30,
§5-31,
55-29
55-28
55-26
55-33
55-32
55-27
12-25,
42-16
42-17
42-18
42-19
12-26, 12-38,
55-9, 55-24
12-28, 12-41,
6-56, 6-66
6-66
§5-21
42-20
42-21
§5-13,
§5-14,
12-27,
42-22
42-23
55-19
42-24
42-25
42-26
12-24,
11-61

12-35,
12-41,

12-36,

12-37, 12-38, 12-39,
12-42,

12-43, 12-44, 12-45

55-55
55-53,
55-57

55-45,
55-24,
55-53
55-54

55-54

55-46 o
55-42

55-47

12-35, 12-37, 12-42, 12-43, 12-44

12-42,
12-43,

12-43, 12-44
12-44

55-49,
55-49
12-40

55-51

12-35,

55-51
12-39

12-36, 12-42, 12-43, 12-44

D - 109

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D - 116

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Jo abequacired
jeym eqtiosep setTqetrea Apog jUTOdpexTd 3Tq-9T ey} »/

/* obequaoied

Aytquenb [eotpWA AUTOdpeXxTA FTqG-9T x/ !30d}12A ~=LYOHSN
/x obequaor1ed AjtWZUuenb

TequOzZTIOY YUTOdPEXTA FTG-9T */ /3OdZT1IOH LYOHSN

p 5

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quazino ayy TOJ eZay yooT ues noA useyL ‘“weqyshs oy} »
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qebpeo ay} STOJoq soTqeTIeA 4Od SY} SZTTeTITUT NOX x/

/x (MOTeq SoUuTySp
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}
ojyujdo1id qoniy4s
/*
OJU[Tetoeds oeTqetzea
zebpey ay3 Aq 03 poqutod oq TTTm ejep styy ‘ATTeOTdAA «x

yebpey

Teuotz10doid ayy Aq pexrtnbez ejzep [etoads oy} st sTyy x/
/*

ene ee nace eee eee nesses cee cee ene sssseseeesssessssessssss 2/
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= SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSS SS SS SS SS SS ojyuydo2 === »/
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SOUTT JO SeTiIes e burmeip oJ pesn ‘Taprzog edAQ eed x/

/*

= SS SS SS SS SS SS SS ES SS SS SS SS ES SS ES SS SS SSS SS SS SSS SS SS SS SS SS SS ES LS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS x/

/*

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/* 2INejJep sur

{ZUOFXSLI +s 134WFXOL JoNT}sS
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butiepuerT OJ apoul ayy »x/

IoJ szequmu ued ou x/
}

3xeLTNVUI = = }oNTASs
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(butyjeulos Jo Tauro0o yyeT—tTeddn oy 0} aaTRzeTer skemTe) »
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/*

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/*

‘dewAeoyiTWs dewAoy qoni3s
/*
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faqqriakeyT,y rakeT qon1z4s
/*

TauTezUoS ayy Jo yesjjo qjyetdoq x/ ‘doL~o ‘3JeID .LYOHS
/x* TautTe\uoD UT

STQISTA SieVZoOeTeYO |sTOUM Jo Aequmu x/ /junoodstTd LYOHS
/» ZTeyjng ut
‘sZeyoumN LYOHS
/* Teyjnq

/sogopun LYOHS
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SOTQeTIPA eSeyuy SUTeQUTeU pue SOZTTeTITUT UOTRINQUIL x/

bututequoo 3IOgGysey ayy +/

ATQuezrImMd sxXazoezTeyoO Jo Aequmu ,/

opun ayy UT UCTRTSOd ZaZOeTeYO »/

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Jejyjng ut szreyo Jo Aequmu xeul /

WIe}s oy Hbututequoo Jeyjnq ayy »x/

}
ojyuybut1z4sS qoni4s
/*
Ojyu[{[etoeds sTqetrea
qebpe9 ayy Aq 03 pajutod oq TTITM eyep styuy ‘/ATTeOTdAR »
qebpey butz4s ey Aq perztnbez ejep Tetoeds oy st sty x/
/*

/ x

LOdXWW eUuTsopF
ACGOGXWW SUuTJeopF

f/x onTea jZod umutxeuw x/ = aAdAATXO
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/*
perepuer »
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jeyy soumseid
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/*

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SYATT ‘Ssqzebpey otAeuebh TOF sMOTTe oOSTe STYZ FeY SION *
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x/
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S,Zoumreiboig ey} 82S x/ 0000720000 FOWSSANHONSEM SUTJep}
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S,Zowwerbolg ayy ees x/ 0000T000X0 GHAOWHUNSIG eUTJEpF
/* eptny

S,Zoumrerbotg ey} 82S */ 000800000 CaLYISNIMSIG euTjyop#
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S,Zoumrezrborg ey} 22S */ 00000000 SAHaudMAN SUTJOpF
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Ss ,Zouurerbolg ey eeS x*/ 000700000 AATLUAANNAN SUTJOpF
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S,Zoumrerboig ey eeS x/ 000T0000X0 YWAIOOGN SUTJOp#
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S,Zoumrerbolg ay} 2285S */ 00800000X0 AAIUGAOTA SUTJOPF
/* 9pTtny

Ss ,ZJoumreirboig ay eeS x/ 00%00000X0 XSIMWY SUTJopH
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S,toumrerborg ey eeS x/ 00200000xX0 MOCNIMASOIO SUTJOpF
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S,Zoumrezboig eu eeS */ 00T00000X0 MOIdNNAW SUTJepF
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S,ZJoumrerboig ay ees x/ 08000000X0 LISOdY SUTJepH
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S,Jouuerborg auz 22S */ 00000000 dNLa5Saqw) euTyep#
/x optny

S,ZJouuerborg au3 aeS »*/ 02000000xX0 NMOGLESIWS SUTJepF
/x eptns

S ,Zoumrerborg ey. eeg x/ 010000000 SAOWHSNOW SUTJep#
/* eptny

S,Zowerborg ey} 22S */ 800000000 SNOLLNGYSNON SUTJEpF
/~ optny

S,Zoumrerboig ayj eeS x/ %0000000X0 MOCGNIMHSAYARY SUTJEpF
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/* eptny

S,Zoumrerbotg ey ees x*/ 100000000

/*

fyuTITetoods, obessentnqul qoni3s
/*x oTqetiea asn-ue}shs »/

qonz4s
/*
dWOdI STU} +
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‘MOPUTMdWOdI* MOPUTM

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f‘sorotW ‘Spuooas

‘Rosnow ‘xXesnow LYOHS
/*
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ONAZONAZANNID) MOputM ANCA JO AsUTOO 4yeT-reddn ay OF »
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So}eUTpIOOD 3yy

ULdwW
/*
udsetT0S ayy Io Aebpey ey OF IsayzuTod ayy »
SYXTT ‘suotTyzoun;
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‘sseIppwiI

‘T@TJTTeENO LYOHSN
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‘apoD .LYOHSN
/*
ZTequnu ONAW eYATT senTea [etoads LOJ ST PTeETJ Spod sy x/
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/*

(moTeaq peuTjJep) JOWSSSWATENOT 31q Tetooeds x
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dWOdI eu} uytm ATQOezTp puodserz0S s}ztq sseTD ey} +/

‘abessoapooxy obessoy 4onT4S
abessowinqul qoni4s

/*

/*

/*

AZISMIN SUTJOPF
AJINGARZIS SUTFOpF

sesse[TD dWOdI -—- »/

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(MOTeq SUCTRITUTJEp 3Tq ey x
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qeb nox ‘szebpeb wejsAs apn Tout LON SHOd 3ASTT STUL x >GEL
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‘wozjogiepiog ‘qubTyZeprog ‘do,repiog ‘yJelzeprog) = =6gAd «4S :0EL
/* 7671

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D -178

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D -179

Appendix E

Printer Device Source Code

This appendix contains the printer-dependent source code for the following printers:

hpplus - Hewlett Packard LaserJet Plus
okimate20 - Okidata
epson - Epson X-80 series

diablo_c - Diablo C-150

In addition, this appendix includes the following:
© macros.i, which is required in order to assemble any of the “.asm”’ files
o prtbase.h, which contains printer data structure definitions

o adocument called Amiga Printer Support Information, which contains additional infor-
mation about supported printers and supported features, standard cables for printers,
and standard switch settings for printers.

The files in this appendix are intended to aid developers in creating their own custom printer
drivers that can be added to the DEVS: directory on an AmigaDOS disk. The documentation
that explains the contents of these files is in the “Printer Device” chapter of this manual.

The sequence of linking the various files together is critical. Here is a sample command to
ALINK that specifies the files in the correct sequence. Note that the drive specifiers given in
this sample link command simply reflect the disks on which the various files were placed and do
not necessarily reflect your development environment.

ALINK — DF 1:lib/Astartup.obj+-DF0:printertag.obj+DFO0:init.obj+
DF0:data.o+DF0:dospecial.o+DFO:render.o+DF0O:wait.obj
library DF 1:lib/amiga.lib+DF1:lib/Ic.lib TO
DFO:printer.|d

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‘2b=[0] swred(6¥==[0] swred) FT
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{
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£(,0,+(OT/{[T] sured) ) (teyo)=[L] brewatut
'(,0,+(OTx (OT/ [0] sued) (aLAdn)—[0] sured) ) (reyo)=[¢] brewatut
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‘06=(T] suzed(o6< [1] sued) Ft
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‘g=[o] suzed(¢> [0] sured) JT
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{
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‘ddx ezeqraeIUTAg WONTAAS Uu1szxX9

ny aseqqid/seotaep, epnTouT#
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/*
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/*
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sgud‘Tud]osa WYISOdd jes uThreu QjoT x/
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{

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‘.0, + souo = [G+HZISMOU*T+19dgnq] Jnqjutid pd<-dd

‘.0, + sua} = [P+AZISMOUsT+19d5nq] Jnqqutrzq pd<-dd
‘.0, + suny = [€+8ZISMOU*T+190jnq] Jngjutrd pd<-dd
!,0,4T = [€+SZISMOUxT+134dJnq] Jngqutid pd<—-dd

‘,6, = [T+3Z1ISMOd«xT+194dJnq] jnaqutid pd<-dd
!'14@ = [AZISMOUxT+19djnq] Jnqqutid pd<-dd
} G41 /9T>T /0=T) TOF
/x Tayjnq Teayo x/ ‘0 = +419dx (--T)oOTTYM
‘azisand = T
‘ (zydgnq] jngzutrq pd¢-das = 13d
‘oO = (t] Jnaqut4zd pd<-dd
(447 faqdjnq+azisdna>t /13djnq=T) 2ojJ x/
/x* AayyJnq YIUT pue Tes[oO »/ € osed

/« Tayjnq Teato »x/

/yeoiq
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/»« Tayjnq WYO Of YORTMS »/ faydjnq-—9Z ISsand=13djnq
‘(aza)umyez ((azZISAnd
‘( {aydynq] jnazutig pd¢<-dd)9) ((a94tTIMd pd<-dd)*)=179) JT
/» Za yUTId 03 Aayjnq dump ;/ Z oseo
/yeoarq
/x YO [Te beTy x/ !(9)umnjer
/« ZTayynq yutzd [TTF x/ ‘{asxJetqez 41q =|
[ [90] stoTOoO+4 [¢ 94] SAZISMON+ (€<¢xX)4+19dgnq] JngqutTrd pd<-dd
/x Iajyjnq yutid [TTF x/
£(((L3X)-L) >> T) | [t] ¥naqutazad pd<-dd = [1] Jnajut4rd pd<-dd
/* 9SN 03 BYAq YOTYM OTRO »/
! [30] SIOTOO+4Z 1SMOUs (E94) +8/xX4+19d Inq = T
/+ (aToko yutid/soury »

7BEQT JO xeu e peTTeo) Aayynq ut [extd ynd ,/ [T oseo

/yeoamq
/« YO [Te beTF x/ /(Q)uamnjer
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/x ‘“UOUT 6 OF UTHITeU T Jos »x/

!(aza)urnzez ((G/,I\06TEEO\n) ((e9tIMd Pd<—dd)*)=11e) JT
/x ‘youT G* OF UTbIeU T eS x/
‘(aza)urnqzet ((p/,A\GTEECO\n) ((e9tIMd Pd<—dd)*)=118) FT
‘(zza)umyez ((0’T)4TeMd=118) JT
/x An-Tamod 0} AejUTIAd yeser »/
‘(aza)umyez ((¢/y,dI\EEO\n) ((e9tIMd pd<-dd)*)=178) JT
‘(aza)urnqzer ((Q==jJndzUTId pd<-dd)=119) jt
/~ wou ottqnd ooTte x/ /(oITdnd AWAW’ Z*dZISANG WSWOOTTY
(. GLAGN) = Jng@qutid pd<-dd
/* SAZISMOU ayNduoo »x/
‘SZISMOU « T = [T]SAZISMOU (++T /H>T /O=T) TOF

/x uekd x/ !T + L+€xEZISUOTOOD = [€]SatOTOO
/x equebeu x/ /T + L+dZISUOTIOD = [Z]Sat0TOO
/x MOTTOA x/ {T + L+@xAZISUOIOD = [T]SrOTOO

/s YOeTC x/ /T + L = [0] SIOTOO
/x ESTO 3a3Aq OF POAUOD xn/ ‘8 / (L4+T) =T
/*« OST-O OIGWIG IO} pertnber ezts rayjnq »/
!(€49*9ZISUOTOO) =4Z1SANd
/x Teyjnq TOTOO yors jo ozTs auys/ /(#*eAZISMOY)=4ZISUOTOO
/x soyfq puo ¢ sntd x/ /L =+ AZISMOY
! (OTxSU8-00TxSUNY—dZ ISMOU ) =Seuo
/OT/ (OOT*Suny—dZ ISMOU) =suaey
‘001T/3ZISMOU=sunYy
/* 0ST-D OTaWId ey uo mor Jad stextd g/od x/ /g/(L+T+xX)=aZISMO
/* StTextd butraque. jo # 306 »/
‘o : (2 / (« — sqoaxxen ped<—dad)) € (tequao) = T

/» (butrayjng etqnop sesn) AJeyjnq Jaqyutzd 10jJ AOU OOTTe x/ 0 aseo
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/+ SI3d TOTOO x/ ‘[p]sTOTOO quomn oT3ze4S
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/» (dump-z ‘Taextd raque-T ‘3TuT-0) snqzeqs quTid s/f = ‘snjeqs ALAGN

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E - 10

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E- 11

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{
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‘ (utbrepqje TqUtid’‘saouertejeig pd<-dd)=[0] sued

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! W,=(4++X] 20g Jnaqndyno(gLITa==(YyouTdquTId seouateyetd pd<-dd) ) FT
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{
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‘, 000\,=[@T] eFFNaAyNndAno

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{/4+4x/ [X] TequTTdasTYyLyTUT=[x] Tey Jnqyndyno} (gT>xX)eTTyM
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E - 12

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E- 14

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E- 15

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/yeomg
‘(9)uammye2

{

/« YO [Te beTz x/

/x Hutoeds yout 21/8 »/ ‘g = butoeds
/+ Kut tdp z ere ereyy ‘(ZL SeaTbh Bx8/ZL) ¥/
‘e_(qaomn) = yourszoqx ped<-dad
/» buroeds z//g Jo A[NejJep asn asTe x/ } esta
/* Sutoeds yout Zl/L x/ ‘i, = butoeds
/x K ut Ttdp zg ore ateyz /(€°%8 SOATD Bx//ZL) x/
/x butoeds ZL/L OF x/
‘@g(quomn) = yoursqodx ped<-dad
} (WOLSND==28e2TSriedeg* saouetajetig pd<-—dd) jt
/» butoeds uosda 10j epoo Tetoeds x/
/x 6eT] Taqueo yes x/ /YALNAD TWIOddS ¥ X = TeqjUaD

/« [Teo helt} Tetooeds oT »/ >: G aseo

/yeomq

/* snzeqys umnjor yf / (rae) uAN{eT

/» Kiousu s,IJeayjnq yutid ser x/ !(@exdZ1Sand’/ JngqQutTzg pd<-dd)ueWeer4
/x Aydue 0}2 siezynq yWOq OZ ATeM x/

!()((Apeayyjodd pd<—dd)x)=11e8 (129;) JT
/« a3e3S dn-ZTemod 03 AaQuTAd jYeser /

(2 wDEEO\n ) ((29TIMd Pd<-dd) «)=179

/» Kzoueu Jayjnq jutad ayQ seaj x/ > } oseo

/yeoiq

/~« YO [Te betz «/ ‘(0)umzer

‘et = [1-dzIsdnd+134djnq] jnaqutzg pd<-dd

‘OL = (@-dz1ISand+13djnq] jnaqut4zg pd<-dd

‘8g << AZISMOU [¢+19dJnq] Jngjutid pd<-dd
‘JJXO 3 AZISMOU [z+aydjnq] Jng3zutid pd<-dd
‘iT, {T+13djynq] Jngjutrd pd<-dd

‘1@ = [{13dynq]jngzutid pd<-dd

‘o = ++19dy (--T) oTTYM

ll

‘azisana = T
! [z3dynq] Jnaqutzd pd<-da¥ = 13d
/x Tajyjnq reaqo »x/ ‘o = [Tt] Jnaqutazdq pd<-dd
(+4+T ‘azIsdnatazydyng>t /13djynq=T) oJ
/»x Iaeyjnq WIUT pue ArsTO »x/ > € oSedD
/yeomqg

/x YO [Te bey x/ ‘(g)uanjez
‘14d jnq—dzZ 1Sand=14d Jnq
‘(aize)ummjez ((azZISand
‘( {aqdgnq] Jngqutid pd<-dd)3)((e3tTIMd pd<-dd)*)=11798) JT

/x Xa uUTId 0} Aeyjnq dump +/ > g aseo

‘yeoigq
/s YO [Te Bets «/ ‘(Q)umMyer
‘(zsXAJeTqey 31q =| [eszzorxX+19dJnq] Jnqqutid pd<-dd
/x Zayjnq wutid [TTF x/
£(((¢484)-L) >> T) | UF] naqutszd pd<-dd = [t]Jnaqutad pd<-da
/*x asn OF 93Aq YOTYM OTe x/ /H+xX+I4dJnq = T

{

/x Tayjnq ut Textd 3nd x/ : [T oseo

/yeomq
/+ YO TTe bets x/ ‘(Q)umyez
/Q=13djnq
/x pou oeTTptun jes »/

‘(aze)uanqert ((¢/,TNEEO\n) ((e9tIMd Pd<-dd)*)=179) JT

/x apoo butoeds uosda Tetoads Jo pus »x/

{

/» Butoeds yout (71/8) 9T2/#e_JETES x/
!(rza)umnzer ((£/,OEONEEEON) ((e9tIMd Pd<—dd)*)=179) FT
} este
{
/» bHutoeds yout ZL/L WeTES x/

!(aza)uanqet ((2/nTEEO\n) ((e9tIMd Pd<—dd)*)=178) FT
} (z==butoeds) JT

/x apoo Hutoeds uosda [etoaeds y/

‘(aza)uanqez ((Q’T)4TeMd=119) JT
!(aza)umnjqer ((2/WOEEO\n) ((e3tIMd Pd¢<—dd)*)=11e) FT
/x 33e3S dn-remod 03 TequTId Yesor »/
‘(1za)uanjer ((0 == jnqqutig pd<-dd)=119) JT
/x woul oTTqnd oo {Te *x/ /(OITdnd AWAW’ Z*dZISAnd WEWOOCTTW
(. qLAGN) = Jnqaqutrg pd<-dd
/x NOSdY OJ pertnber ezts Aezjng «/ /(aZISMON+9)=daZISAN
/+« NOSdH IOJ pertnber azts mor x/ !T+X=4dZ1ISMOU
‘¥ + T = JESJFJo
‘9 : (@ / (x — sqoaxxew ped<-dad)) ¢ (tequeo) = T

/x Iajyjnq JazyutTId roy Arourul ooTTe »/ > QO oseo
}

(snje 4s) yo TMS

/» # Loita 9yy »x/ ‘aia LAG

J IeA “SOTU »/ ‘Tt qayomn

tt ‘2 ‘ey ‘8 ‘OT ‘ze ‘v9 ‘BzT) = [leTqe? 41q ‘23d* aLAdA OTFe3S
‘putoeds ‘equa. ALAd OTe 4S

fqasyyjo ‘13djnq quomn oT}e34s

‘aZISand GYOMN OT}e3S

‘GAZISMOU GYOMN OTFeRS

}

/» (dump-z ‘Textd reque-T ‘TUT-0) snqeqs quTid «/ ‘/sn}eqs ALAGN

/x Tetoaeds to ‘senztea jutid ad ¥ od ayy 10 x/

/x Sa yeuTpIO—oo A ¥ X BUR »x/ ‘K “x qyomn
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(snqaeqs ‘A /xX /30)iepusey UT

/* NOSdd 24} TOF x/

‘dddx Pe] eqpepue}xqieVUuTId JoNIAS uts}Xe
'ddx e}eGIeUTIg JONTAS uTa}xXe

wy aseqyid/seotaep, SpNTOuT#
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<y°sadAj/daexe> apnTouT#

TSO O OOOO OOOO OOOO OOOO IUD IDO IOI /

D° Iepuer/uosda

E - 16

/* ozTTeutou x/ “wLLENn

/s33o ydTIosqnss/ “WwLLeN\u
/xuo 3dTIOsqns./ ‘uLLE\n
/xjJjo ydtazosizedns,/ 4 hE ONG
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/» TOSS AId dn outt Tetyred x/ /,,4S°-exEEO\n

E - 17

‘ {4+A4]w109} TUT=[++x] Tey gngyndyno(TT>A)OTTYM

‘g=uTbreudoj
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/* @ JO utbzeu doy /yQbueT3zxeq=yybueTwiojJ oyy jos x/ /x=C
{
‘,S$,=[¢T] tay Jnayndyno
} (GNId==(uo}TdqUTId* saouetayorg pd<-dd)) FT
{
‘,2,=[8T] tay Fnqyndyno
‘,&@,=[¢1T] ey gnaqndzno
)} (aLITH==(YOUTd}UTId seoueteyetd pd¢-dd))FT

{
= ‘,8,=[L] ez ynayndyno
/» uTebe HuoIm x/ } (IdT LHDOId==(butoedsjutig’ sacuetejetg pd<—dd)) FT
{ /44x/ [x] ToZUTIgSTYLFTUT=[x] Tay Jngyndyno} (~Z>x)SeTTYM
} (NINe==puewWU0d, ) FT

‘ ,AOOOPZOOTIEEO\n=[]WIogqtTuT reyo oT }e4sS

‘ ,AQOOOPOOOTRIEECONn=(]STeOWLATUT eyo OTJeRS

‘ WOOOTOOORFEEON=(] 5renytTut reyo oT3e34s

! ,ATTNATSdYO TAS) E€O\COTIECONOPPIEEON =[] te3FUTAdSTYLFTUT AeYyo oTzeAS
‘o=f ut

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/Q=X QUT

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fouTTAx ALAd
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‘{Jzeyyjngyndyno reyo
(swieg/ Se Taj [10 ’/ INAUeTIND/ auTTA / Taz Jngynd3zno/ puewunwo ) Tetoedsod

‘utbreudo /yzbueT}xe7 CYyOMN
‘ddx e}eGIAIUTIg JONT,S U1ae}xXe
ny aseqzid/saotasp, epnTouT#

»U’ Tayutid/saotaep,, SpnTouT#
wy sedkj/oaexe,, epnToUT#

T 44M EE ERA RMR RRMA EEE MERE N MEN NH
WaLtse ‘Waise ‘ddIse

‘Taugae ‘OQdumae ‘aIde ‘nTde

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:pequsueTdut suotjzounj [etoeds w9g9z Jerresel dH
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/* suotjzounj JequtTzd Tetoads dy »/

D*Tetoaedsop/sntddy roy but4sTT

{

!yearq :3[Nejep

/yeomg
‘,0, = [¢]A}Tsuep
£10, [pj] A3tsuep
1k, [¢]A}Tsuep

‘O0€ = YOUrS}OqA ped<—dad = yours}oqx ped<-did

fO8TE = SqOdAXKeW ped<-—dasd

‘o0%v2 = sqoaxxen ped<—dad
>PYALISNAG IWIOddS eseo

/yeomg

‘10. = ([S]A}}suep

: iS, = [py] AQTsuep

‘,T, = [e]Aqtsuep

OST = yoursqoax ped<-dad = yoursjzodx ped<-—dad

‘06ST = SqOdAxKeW ped<-—dad
‘00@T = sqoaxxeW ped<-dad

>€ALISNAd IW1DaddS eseo

/yeorq
‘,0, = [¢]A}tsuep
‘.0. = [¥]4}1suep
‘,T, = [e]Aqtsuep

‘OOT = yours}zoqx ped<-dadd = yoursjodx ped<-dad

‘090T = sqodaAxeW ped<-—dad
‘008 = sqoaxxew ped<-dad

>ZALISNSG IWIOSdS oseo

/yeoimq

‘.G¢, = [S]A}Tsuep

Saks [¥] Aytsuep

_ ‘10, = [¢]43tsuep

‘GL = yourszoax ped<—dad = yoursjoax ped<-dad
'G6L = S3OCAXeW ped<-—dad

‘009 = S}oaxxeW ped<—ddd

>TALISNAG IWIDaddS eseo
} (TeaeT) YyoyTas

}

‘TaaeT dYyomn

(TeaeT ) AZ tsueqzes

/({JAqTsuep reyd ure xa
‘dddx ey}eqpepuezxXqieq4UuTrAg yoONTWS utsezxXa

uw TaquTid/saotasep, epnTouT#
wy aeseqyid/saotaep,, epntTouT#

cy sadkj/oexe> apntTout#
J senenx O'AQTSUOP vannn x/

0° Aqytsuaep/sntddy r0j3 bHbutysty

E- 18

‘(Q) umm jer
‘€¢g=peTqeugytemd pd<-dd (SIuYe==pueUMoOd,s ) FT

{

‘(x) umm jez

‘(ray jngyndyno’ / /yyHueT 7x9} ) butz4S1Squnu

/xUTbreu/ yAbueT3xe} eT0RSeT,y/ / (Tayyngyndjno‘¢ ‘uthbzeudo} ) butr34S1equmu

{/+4+x /[x]w10g}zTuT=[x] az jngyndzno} (TT>x) eT Tym
} (dd ISe==PpuPURod» ) FT

{

‘(x)uamnjez

! (zayjngyndyno! / ‘ (9) suteg— [T] sued) butz4S27equmu

‘(ray Jngjndyjno’ ¢ / [9] sured) butz4Srequmu

{/+4+x / [x] breWLAtut=[x] toy gngyndyno} (TT>x) ST Tym

‘[[] suzeg=yjbuseT}xe} osTe
‘yqbueT7}xe4=[T] suteg(Q ==[T] sumed) Ft

‘(9] suteg—— = utbreudo j asta
‘uTb2reudoj=[0]suted(Q ==[(0] suited) FT

} (WaLSe==pueuods ) FT
{/(9)uammyer /-—(aUTTAx) } (PIde==pueUMod»s ) JT
(/(oyummyer /4+4(auTTAs) } (ATde==pueuMlod,s ) FT

{

‘(9 )umyez
‘Q=SUTTAx
‘A Tde=pueUeIodDy (0Q>SUTTAx) JT
‘G@Id@=PuUeULIODy, (QCOUTTAx) JT
{ }
!(9)uammyez (OSNSe==PpUPUMOS» ) FT
‘()((Apeauyqodd pd<—dd) x)
(Tu bTO\n) ((a9tamMd Pd<—dd) «) {/(o)umyer /Q=oUTTAs ‘/nTde=pueumods) ((0>oUT TAs) 99(ESNSP==PULUMUODs ) ) FT
J! (%wAEEO\,) ((e9tamd Pd¢—dd) #)x/ {/(o)umjer /(T-)=ouTTAs /QNIe=pueumlody} ((Q<eUTTAx) 99 (~SNSe==pueUMody ) ) FT
} {/(9)ummyert /([-)=ouTTAs ‘QTde=pueumlliod,s} ((Q==SUTTAx ) 33 ( PSNSP==PUCUMODS» ) ) FT
()asoTo
{/(9)umyer /Q=OUTTAs ‘GIde=pueuioos} ((Q<OUT TAs) 99 (TSNSP==PpUeUMUOD,y )) FT
{ {/(o)umyer /T=ouTTAx ‘Tye=pueuMiods} ((0>SUTTAs)99(ZSNSe==pueUMods ) ) FT
! 0,40 T3uered=[++x] Tay jngyndyno {/(Q)um jer /[T=ouTTAx ‘nIde=pueumlods} ((Q==SUTTAs)99(ZSNSP==PpUPUROS» ) ) FT
‘,0,=[++x] ZeFJngyndyno asta {
!,0,+(oT/uered) (aLAd) =[++x] Tey Jngyndyno( ¢c<uered) FT ‘(x)uInqer
‘(ray yjngyndyno/ /+C/ T—-[T] sued) butz4S19qumu
/* S}THTp ¢€ uanjexz skemte x/ /,0,=[4++x] ZeyJnaqyndyno asta ! (raz jngyndyno‘ ¢+C/ T- [0] sued) butz4Ssrequnu
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} (WaIse==pueulods ) TT
}
‘[]azeyjngynd3no zeyo {
/X UT ‘/WUTSeP=PuUeUMIOD »
fwezed FLAG ‘ (uTbzepQubTyAUTId ‘seouerejetg pd<—dd)=[T] suited
(raj jngynd3yno/x/urezeg) buTr34Sz7equnu ‘ (uTbrepAjyeolTqUutid seouerajeld pd<—dd)=[0] suited
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E - 19

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E - 20

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‘4M, = [9+23dJnq]jngquTId pd<-dd

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/x AOSA ‘TAN JT ‘uanzer x/ “wETONSTONn /,0, + sue} = [p+29dgnq] jngqutid pd<-dd
/+ dosa ONT IT */ “ueTO\n ‘.0, + suny = [¢+29dynq] Jnqqutzd_ pd<-dd
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/* OOSH Ssrue qesoty/ Le ({+13dJnq] Jnajutrd pd<-dd

’ TIONS LENOEEONLEEONILEN-EEONHSEEONTOONIE EONZEEONPTONWE EONZZONOLENME EON

'4@ = (xz3djnq]jng3ut4td pd<-dd

E - 23

‘o = +429dx (--T) oTTYUM
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! [aydjnq] jngjzuttid pd¢<-~dd¥ = 13d
/« Tayynq zeaqto «/ /o = [tT] ynaqutszd pd<—dd

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MEMMMRMNM ME RKREKRKKRKN SUOTPOUNT OZ S}CUTYO/STOUTId/adTAAp TSzUTIG yxxxnyax/
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/~ Teyynq yuTrd TITF x/ 2
“(((28X)-L) >> T) | UE] ynaqutzd pd<-da = [tT] Jnazutaid pd<—dd

O° eqep/OzezeUTyO TOF HuTAsTyT /x asn 03 93Aq YOTYM oTeD x/ £14+8/xX+1,4djnq = T
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{
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‘PION, =[++x] ray Jngqnd3yno
!,W,=[44+x] rez jngyzndyno
‘, €€o\, =[4+4+xX] tay jnqyndzno
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!, €€O\.=[4++X] rey gngyndyno
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‘, Zoo\,=([Z] ey Jngyndyno( yALLAT==( ATT enOVutTIg* seousetejetig pd¢-dd) )FT

‘,OO0ON\, =[4+4+x] zazgFngyndyzno
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{ /4+4+x/ [x] ToqUTIdSTYLZTUT=[x] ezgngyndyno} (¢T>x) ST TUM
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Amiga
Printer Support

Information

General Information

The Amiga printer drivers are among the most complete in the industry. We have made every effort to
provide support for a wide variety of printers and an extensive list of features. The Preferences tool on
your Workbench disk lists the available printers that are supported. (The default printer settings in

Preferences are for the Epson printers.) See Jntroduction to Amiga for instructions on changing the
Preferences settings.

This document provides the following information:
How to use the Preferences printer settings with the printer device
How to use the parallel and serial devices
How to use the printer.library routines for direct printer I/O
How to set the standard cables and switch settings for printers

For an unsupported printer, use the “Custom/Generic” Preferences setting. See the Amiga ROM Kernal
Manual for instructions on constructing a custom printer driver for an unsupported printer.

AmigaDos provides three “handlers,” or interface routines, for printer I/O:

PAR: parallel device
SER: serial device
PRT: printer device

Each of these handlers translates the device-independent file system calls, such as Write() and Open(),

into the appropriate message traffic to the printer devices that are implemented in Exec. Exec is the
multi-tasking kernel of the Amiga.

The “PAR:” handler uses the “parallel.device”, which is the Exec code that manages the parallel port
connector on the back of your Amiga. Similarly, the “SER:” handler uses the device “serial.device” to
manage the serial port connector. Note that, aside from the baud rate setting for the serial port, the
Preferences printer settings have no effect on the function of the PAR: and SER: handlers. The
characters sent to the printer using these devices are not examined or converted.

In other words, when you send output to PAR: or SER:, your application is talking straight through to the
hardware with no intervening levels of interpretation. If you have a printer connected to your parallel
port, escape sequences sent to PAR: will reach it directly and will have whatever effect they are defined to
have by the printer manufacturer.

On the other hand, the PRT: handler uses the Exec device, “printer.device.” The printer device uses the
information it finds in the current Preferences settings to understand which kind of printer you have
connected and how you want it to be used. The printer device can talk to either the parallel or the serial
device, depending on the current Preferences setting.

The following figures illustrate the difference between sending a particular escape sequence to a printer
using the PRT: handler instead of the PAR: or SER: handlers.

CUE

Figure I: Printer I'O Through SER: or PAR: Handlers

—

The escape sequence for turning on superscripts is defined for the Epson JX-80 to be the escape
character (ASCII code 27) plus the string, “[2u”. However, the Amiga printer-independent escape
sequence for a superscript is “[2v”. Therefore, the printer driver for this particular printer must convert
the latter string into the former in order for the printer to effect superscript mode. The PAR: and SER:
handlers perform no such conversion.

Figure 2: Printer I/O Through PRT: Handler Via Preferences Tool

Deciding which printer handler to use depends on the nature of your application. If you use the printer
device (PRT:), you can write code that is largely independent of the type of printer your customers have
attached to their Amigas. This is the recommended method.

Printing to PAR: or SER: is fairly straightforward. Keep in mind that a standard AmigaDOS text file uses
LF (line feed) as a line separator-—not CR or CR-LF) and that a file may or may not have an LF at the
end. You may wish to add a carriage return character to the ends of your lines of text. Or, if your printer
offers the option, you can flip the switch that automatically gives a CR when the printer receives an LF.

The CLI commands expect you to use the handler names as file parameters. For example, you can send
a file to the printer with the command,

copy myfile to prt:

If you want to send output to the printer using the AmigaDOS file system routines directly, you must
Open() one of the handlers and do Write() calls to it.

Similarly, you should use the handler names with I/O to the printer from languages such as ABasiC. Note
that--for compatability--Microsoft’s Amiga Basic defines LPT1: to be the same as PRT:.

You can circumvent the handlers entirely and perform a direct OpenDevice() on the Exec device of
interest to you. You then pass I/O request blocks to the device using the I/O calls provided by Exec (such
as DoIO()). Doing so provides greater flexibility, such as allowing asynchronous I/O and setting device
parameters (serial baud rate, for example). By using the printer.library, you have full control over the
printer.

Note that you must open the printer.library directly in order to use the command names instead of the
defined escape sequences. See Table 3 for a list of the printer features and their command names. See
the Amiga ROM Kernal Manual for more information on calling system library and device routines.

Note the following information regarding sending I/O between the Amiga and various printers:

Printer Device (PRT:)

The printer device understands only its own, printer-independent, escape sequences. It converts these
escape sequences into the printer-specific escape sequences appropriate for the printer currently selected
in Preferences. In addition, the Initialize function (which is invoked when you open the printer device or
when you send it the Initialize escape sequence) causes the appropriate escapes to be sent to your printer
to configure it according to the options you have selected in Preferences. This, for example, is how your
margin settings are sent to the printer.

Note that, when you use the printer device, you should turn off any option on your printer that provides
an autiomatic CR, LF, or CR-LF whenever the printer receives an LF. The printer device provides end
of line CR-LFs as needed.

Also keep in mind that-—-in addition to the alphanumeric printing described here--the printer device
provides for black and white, grey-scale, and full color raster-graphics printing. This function is only
available when your application talks directly to the printer device and not through the AmigaDOS PRT:
handler. See the Amiga ROM Kernal Manual for an example.

Serial and Parallel Handlers (SER:, PAR:)

The Preferences tool printer settings have no effect on the function of the PAR: and SER: handlers (other
than setting the baud rate used by SER:, as noted above). Any special function you want your printer to
perform is up to you. You must choose the correct escape sequences to send, including even initialization
functions such as the setting of margins. Clearly, you must know which printer is connected to your
Amiga and whether it is connected to the serial or the parallel port. This is not the recommiended method
of controlling printers. )

Specific serial device features (for SER:) that you cannot set in Preferences include:

E - 35

Hardware (7-wire) or software (3-wire) handshaking
(XON XOFF always used)

Number of bits (8 bits always used)
Parity (none)

See the ROM Kernel Manual for details on setting these features.

PRINTER.LIBRARY

With the printer.library, you not only can send escape sequences to the printer, you can also call the
printer-unique entry point, “PRT”. This entry point allows you to control the printer directly-—the
necessary escape sequences will be generated for you.

In addition, there is a printer-unique function, “RAW_WRITE” that sends characters without converting
them. This functions the same as SER: and PAR:, except that you don’t need to know which port is
connected to the printer.

Types of Supported Printers

The available printers that are supported for the Amiga include both whole character (daisy wheel) and
dot matrix (wire, ink jet, and laser) types. As with printer capabilities, printer prices range widely, from
just over $200 to over $3500. In general, the dot matrix printers are capable of graphics output, while
“whole character” printers are not.

Every attempt has been made to support a given feature on each printer that, itself, supports that feature.
For example, the daisy wheel printers lack the capability to produce characters such as enlarged or italic
print. Similarly, the dot matrix printers often lack such features as proportional spacing.

None of the supported printers currently supports all of the available features. (The Epson JX-80 and the
HP LaserJet come closest.) Whenever the system requests an unsupported feature, the PRT: handler
simply ignores that request. (The “generic” printer driver currently ignores all feature requests.)

If two or more features are each available for a particular printer, they should be usable in combination.
For example, Bold—Italic-Underscore is a possible style for many printers.

If your printer is not among those supported for the Amiga, you have two options. If your printer shares a
number of common features with one of the supported printers, you can select that printer in Preferences.

Keep in mind, however, that one or more of the chosen printer’s features might not produce a similar
effect on your printer.

Your second option is to select “Custom” from the list of supported printers in Preferences and “Generic”
as the custom printer name. You can then construct a custom printer driver following the directions in the
Amiga ROM Kernel Manual.

The following table lists the printers that are currently supported for the Amiga, grouped according to
print technology.

Table 1: Printers Supported on the Amiga

Dot Matrix (Wire), Parallel

Manufacturer

Commodore
Epson
Epson
Okimate

Daisy Wheel, Parallel

Manufacturer
Alphacom
Brother

Diablo

Diablo
Qume

Ink Jet, Parallel
Manufacturer

Diablo

Laser, Serial
Manufacturer

Hewlett Packard
Hewlett Packard

Other (Custom)

Model

CBM MPS 1000

Epson JX-80

Epson MX-80, FX-80, ...
Okimate 20

Model

Alphapro 101

HR-15XL

630 (Some models are serial)

Advantage D25
LetterPro 20

Model

C-150

Model

Laser Jet
Laser Jet Plus

Limited support is offered for a “generic” printer.

Table 2: Printer Features Supported on the Amiga

ISO indicates that the sequence has been defined by the International Standards Organization. This is
also very similar to ANSII x3.64.

DEC indicates a control sequence defined by Digital Equipment Corperation.

. Entire escape sequence consists of ESC (ASCII 27) plus indicated code.
is Near Letter Quality
eas Sequence unique to Amiga
f Paper perforation skip, n lines
x| |g
- ° wn
aes ! - | oO N °
— = ° “ L = 3 : a
Seis isl2;21t1o2}2 12
S28 if (Sie) sl e ise | a1
. : aa /29 |}/s |o o1/a/8 3 ol
Code* Description Defined qq io [O/}/O;/wlw lat}; ajyo
c Reset so | xix iets ixtx | x |x |e
#1 ___ Initialize ii |x ixixi[xi[xi{x | x |x {x |
D Line feed ISO Fereratere Pee?
Px [x [x [xx | x |x |x
M Reverse line feed ISO Lee x ei oe Ph os
eee ae i eet bee ed
[Om Normal char. set ISO Fox tx txtxdxfx fox |oofx ix dx dx
[3m itaicson SO ee x [xe
(23m lalics off iSO Pec oe se ee
[4m Underline on iSO xe xe fp ef fe x Pe fo
[24m Underline of ——~—s«ISO-~S=«dYSCix ‘tx [x [x|xix | x] (x ix[x[x
[im Boldfaceon SO | x x txt xi xix | x | of txt xx]
| [22m Boldface off SOx | ae x x

aad
Lee LT Se he ee
[nm Set foreground color
mages) wo | xlxtel [el feted | | |
[nm Set background color
mao so | | [iit | del t] td
eel cal =e ee leo eee eee

ae aoe ee
[Ow Normal pitch DEC p xtxitxtxtxtx |x| tx te] x |<]
raw Elteon ~—~SiESC*~“‘“(;!U xxix (xix «il —(xix|x|x
[1w Elite off DEC |x| x{xixixix | x«{ [x [x] x] x]
[4w Condensed fine on DEC Pe ae See eee He hee eo lhe Nel se age «
[3w Condensed off DEC | xi xitxixix}x] xt txix[ xx)
rtéwEnlargedon ——-oEC'-—*iY—s«| ~| ~{xixix), | ix] | |
|[5w Enlarged off DEC | | | xt xi x | | te | |
ace aa tsa ge ee eae ane eee nd ee oe Pee ee cess
| (6"z_ Shadow printon DEC | x | xix} | [| x | hte eed
| (5"z Shadow print off DEC |x | x] x] | | | xt | [xi xlx
[4"z__ Doublestrike on DEC sce IN| | ad ie ed |
[3"z Doublestrike off DEC Fox | xt xi xi xix |x] of [xl xix)
[2"z__ NLQ on ** DEC eee eal so MN ee oe eS
[1"z__NLQ off *" DEC cl ties SOC ele ee Me ae

©
x | |g |
oO ‘ i © |o s 2 o | o 7
eels (ele/sii | F]ojelsis ls
= ao 2 © cic i}jo ¢ oo 3 |3 | 6 | @
_ | as/ol/2/a/2/8 (83 |8i/Elaja |§
Code Description Defined q<qim {/aAa}ojwiw joc |}asl/o;zrsyzryssa
[2v__ Superscript on ie late te ele & | de ete te
[1v___ Superscript off = ee ees ae lie ee se he) ee
[4v Subscript on es Px tx i{x{x xix |x [fx [x [x [x |
[3v____ Subscript off ci [ese |e ee eee ie ee
[Ov _ Normalize the line oe x tx px tx tx tx | x | ote tx [x [x
iL Partiallineup ISO | x x x xx fx | x | dx [x [x [x |
[Ks Partialline down ISO | x Tx Tx x [x tx | x | fx [x [x [x |
cea ee ae eee ee ellis ol elle te Mee ell lection sees
(B U.S. char. set DEC poe ee ie ef ee
(Ro French“ "ES ET xe xe | Te x |
(K German * ” DEC eee le ee ol ee |
(A UKE xe xe Pe x
(E Danish“ ” DEC Stolen eee NM Be ge
(H_ Swedish “ "DES ett x xe | xe Te |
(Y italian“ ” DEC fecal i ROE se eee
(Z Spanish“ "DEC xe |e x
(J Japanese * ” a ae ie ee er ole hs eerie eet
(6 Norwegian “ ” DEC fee cttt Meh ef oe nn ee lh
(C_ Danish il * ” ae elle dle Pe ee eel
irre eee ce (a ee ee ee, Se ee
[2p Proportional on *** | Tx xx [x | x | | fx ix [x |
[1p Proportional off a ee ES Ce ESTES ae ee rae
[Op Proportional clear ome Pe dP estes a. it: eae de Oe Ue
(In E Setprop. offset (nr) = ISO eT | CT feet et eee nla
neice een) tne eee onniee
[7 F Auto right justify ISO Pe a thse lect al xsl Mela tee ee ls he
[6 F Auto full justify ISO a ee ee ae a a a ee es a
(OF Justify off SO ex Ek | xe | oT
((3F Letter space (justify) ISO | | | | | [x [| | eet
{1 F Word fill (auto center) ISO =| =| [xi | |x| | | | { |
acca ay ie kde a es ee A ese ile need
[0z 1/8” line spacing me xtxtxtxtels | xf fate t atx
[1z 1/6” line spacing ce px|x{xixtx fx | fx tx] «|x
[int Set form length (n) DEC —+| -x|x({x|x|x|x |x |x/x|[x|x[x,
[nq Perf skip (n>0)t os ft Pe Pe eee
[(0q Perf skip off a Ce ede eee oe. ee eee

E - 39

Alphacom

AlphaPro101

Epson JX-80

Epson X-80

Diablo

AdvantageD25

HP LaserJet Plus
CELL el [ere covert ao

Code Description Defined

na

#9 Left margin set
#0 Right margin set ea
#8 Top margin set a
#2 Bottom margin set oe
[n1;n2r Top;Bottom margins DEC

eels deeded
[n1,n2s_Left;Right margins DEC ES

x |x [x |x |

#3 Clearmargins *** |X Tx Tx [x [x [x | x
eee
IH Sethoriz. tab ISO Tx x | TT x xk
J Setvert.tab SO | tx tx | | | x | oT | Tt
[0g Clear horiz.tab ISO | tx xt TE xe eT
[39 Clear all hor. tabs ISO pfx ixixtxix | xt xtx] [Tf
fig Clearvert. tab ISO Te
| x | x |

#5 Set default tabs nes
[n"x (Extended commands) ***

x] [x] Brother HR-15XL
oma
mle th CBM MPS-1000

fad
=
pao
eX
x
cs
eal

©
N
2
w
E
ah
_
ae
ae
La
atl

©
re) ®
= ~
o
O a”
oO 0
2D J
N ro
Oa I

x
x

Table 3: Printer Command Definitions

The following table describes the supported printer functions. You can use the escape sequences with
PRT: and the printer.library. To use the command names, open the printer.library directly.

Again, recall that SER: and PAR: will ignore all of these and pass them directly on to the attached device.

Cmd Escape Defined
Name Sequence Function by:*
aRIS ESCc reset ISO
aRIN ESCf1 initialize ee
aIND ESCD lf ISO
aNEL ESCE return, lf ISO
aRI ESCM reverse lf ISO
aSGRO ESC(Om normal char set ISO
aSGR3 ESC[3m italics on ISO
aSGR23 ESC(23m italics off ISO
aSGR4 ESC[4m underline on ISO
aSGR24 ESC[24m underline off ISO
aSGR1 ESC[1m boldface on ISO
aSGR22 ESC([22m boldface off ISO
aSFC ESC[nm (n= {30-39})

set foreground color ISO
aSBC ESC[nmm (n= {40-49})

set background color ISO
aSHORPO ESC[0w normal pitch DEC
aSHORP2 ESC[2w elite on DEC
aSHORP1 ESC[1w elite off DEC
aSHORP4 ESC[4w condensed fine on DEC
aSHORP3 ESC[3w condensed off DEC
aSHORP6 ESC[6w enlarged on DEC
aSHORPS ESC[Sw enlarged off DEC
aDEN6 ESC[6”z shadow print on DEC (sort of)
aDENS ESC[(5S”z shadow print off DEC
aDEN4 ESC[4”z doublestrike on DEC
aDEN3 ESC[3”z doublestrike off DEC
aDEN2 ESC[2”"z NLQ on DEC
aDEN1 ESC[1”z NLQ off DEC
aSUS2 ESC[2v superscript on oe
aSUS1 ESC[1v superscript off one
aSUS4 ESC[4v subscript on ee
aSUS3 ESC[3v subscript off ses
aSUS0 ESC[0v normalize the line ne
aPLU ESCL partial line up ISO
aPLD ESCK partial line down ISO
aFNTO ESC(B US char set DEC
aFNT1 ESC(R French char set DEC
aFNT2 ESC(K German char set DEC

E - 41

aFNT3
aFNT4
aFNTS
aFNT6
aFNT7
aFNTS8
aFNT9
aFNT10
aPROP2
aPROP1
aPROPO
aTSS
aJFYS
aJFY7
aJFY6
aJFYO
aJFY3
aJFY1
aVERPO
aVERP1
aSLPP
aPERF
aPERFO
aLMS
aRMS
aTMS
aBMS
aSTBM
aSLRM
aCAM
aHTS
aVTS
aTBCO
aTBC3
aTBCl
aTBC4

aTBCALL
aTBSALL
aEXTEND

* See legend for Table 2.

ESC(A
ESC(E
ESC(H
ESC(Y
ESC(Z
ESC(J
ESC(6
ESC(C
ESC[2p
ESC[ip
ESC[0p
ESC[n E
ESC[S F
ESC[7 F
ESC[6 F
ESC[0 F
ESC[3 F
ESC[1 F
ESC[0z
ESC[1iz
ESC[nt
ESC[ngq
ESC[0q
ESC#9
ESC#0
ESC#8
ESC#2

ESC([nI1;n2r
ESC[n1;n2s

ESC#3
ESCH
ESCJ
ESC([0g
ESC [3g
ESC[1g
ESC[4g
ESC#4
ESC#S
ESC[n”x

UK char set
Danish I char set
Swedish char set
Italian char set
Spanish char set
Japanese char set
Norweign char set
Danish II char set
proportional on
proportional off
proportional clear
set proportional offset
auto left justify
auto right justify
auto full justify
auto justify off
letter space (justify)
word fill(auto center)
1/8” line spacing
1/6” line spacing
set form length n
perf skip n (n>0)
perf skip off

Left margin set
Right margin set
Top margin set
Bottom marg set
T&B margins

L&R margin

Clear margins

Set horiz tab

Set vertical tabs
Clr horiz tab

Clear all h tab

Clr vertical tabs

Clr all v tabs

Clr all h & v tabs
Set default tabs
extended commands

DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC
DEC

ee

ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO (special)
ISO (special)

eee
ase
DEC
ses
eee
ees
ee
ses

sen

DEC
DEC
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO
ISO

ee
ees

e*¢2

Standard Cable Connections for Printers

If you want to connect a printer to the Amiga parallel port (25 pin female) and you have an IBM PC
parallel to Centronics (36 pin) cable, make the following 25 pin female to female cable:

Amiga Side IBM Cable Side
1-13 1-13
14-16 (cut)

17-22 17-22
23 (cut)

24 24

26 connect over to 16

Now arrange as follows:

A'S.

New Cable IRM Cable

008080000090
0000000000 OOF,
0008000000

Note: Don’t connect pin 14 (parallel); it causes extra line feeds on Epson printers.

Amiga to Centronics Adapter

Amiga Side Centronics Side
1-13 (straight) 1-13
14-16 (cut)
17-22 (straight) 17-22
23 (cut)
24 24
25 connect over to 16
25 (cut)

Table 4: Standard Switch Settings for Printers

The standard switch settings for the Amiga supported printers are as follows:

Alphacom AlphaPro 101

Off On Off On

Mode A Mode B

|» |

10 12 «145
Pitch

Brother HR-15XL
ON
OFF
1234567 8 1234567 8
SWi1 SW2
CBM MPS-1000

ON
OFF unused

123 45 67 8
Swi SWw2

Diablo Advantage D25

errr

123 45 67 8
SW

Diablo 630

X X X KX K X K K

123 45 67 8
Swi

Diablo C-150

x X x X X

123 45 67 8
sw

Epson LX-80

xX X X
xX X X XK XK

123 45 67 8
Swi

Epson JX-80

ON
OFF

eer

123 45 67 8
SW2

aeeaseee

12345 67
SW2

Xx
X x X

SW2

123 45 67 8
Swi

ile

Okimate 20

(No switches available)

Qume Letterpro 20P

X ON x xX
x X X X X K x OFF x x x
123 45 67 8 123 4 5
Swi SW2

HP LaserJet and LaserJet Plus

(Switches should be set to default settings: See the Owner’s Manual.)

Appendix F

Skeleton Device/Library Code

This appendix contains source code for a skeleton device and a skeleton library. You can use
this code to create your own custom devices and libraries to add to the Amiga.

sseoo0ig npu ULdv
yoezts BsyaeqAW’Sswonpu LOnNULs
pednpu g1xAGn
UmNatUun NMpu = ALAN

AZIS LINN ‘3tunaAeqAW AMNLONALS

yoeztg BswaeqAWN ‘TaavI

Tun wpu ULdW

SoTAeq wpu ULdW
AZIS NW’ SswaedAW TANLONALS

jyoeztg aegAy ‘Taav1
PsSLINOWAN GN’SaTun pul LONULs
ped pul aLAGN
sSety pu agLAdn
3stIbesg “pul §=9SNOTN
aqTIsoq pu SONOTN
qtyshs"pul SONOTN
AZIS G11’ AeGAW ANNLONULS

v fevers SLINNWAN GW
SoTAep STyUA UT SATUN JO 4SequMU UMUITxXeUl -

# puewloo TeEHSTITT 3SATJ -- seyxseU ooeTd - CNT ASGAW CWDAgC
UWA ASGAW CWDAgC

OOF ASGAW CWDARC

LINIAIG

ERERERE KEES E REE EEE KEE FEHR EEA EE KEK EE EEE EEE EEF E FEES EEE EY EF

$ [TSU :4exHSOTS :

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:

PREFEEEECE EEE EK SESE FFE P PERF E EEF EF EEFEEKKK EK HEHE FE SESH EF EEE EEE EF

ERCP ERE KESTER EFF EEE EERE PFE EEE KES EF HPS EEE EFF FFE E ESE EET
¥

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# ¥

SPREE REESE ESRF RSE EEE SEK EERE EEE EE EEE KEKE ESE REE KEEFE EERE EEE EY ¥

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T\OAT_ aTaX
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OAT © 20S 03 SuTaey Qnoyuata Azeaqtt e& O32 HUTT - OWWN SASINIT
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Westis spoo ubTTe Pp1AOA - OWWN NAAZ
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esegooxgsqy ALIX

OIqW0"GY Jax

oIutbeg aaax

eure Ant aaax

TINN JadxX

ebundxg agqx

SSOTD AIX

uedo agqx

Ful daqX

etaqrsta AtTeqoTh wey eaey 03 suehhnqep ------:

eulos sdiey 3t Anq ‘’[euszaqxe eq OF SAeY 4, U0p SSeUT, -------

LSIT
ut AepAd,, SPNTOUT
ut ddnsuse,, epn[out

ut Sueqxesop/seTteAqTT,, OPNTOUT
ut SOp/seTserqy{t,, SpNTOuT

uF S40110/90x8,, OPNTOUT

ut SeTqe/oexe,, Epn[OUuT

ut qUeptse.1/oexe, SpNn[OuT

ut Atousu/oexe,, SPN[OUT

ut SASZT[VTRTUT/Ooxe,, OPNTOUT
ul SqaeTe/oexe,, EpNTOUT

ut OF/0exe,, EpN[OUT

ul SSoTASp/oexe,, EPNTOUT

ul SOTteAQT [/Oexe,, EpNTOUT

ut SQSTT/Oexe,, EPNTOUT

ut Sepou/oexe,, OpNTOUT

ut sedAQ/oexe,, epn[out

LSI‘ION

UOFIOSS NOILOSS
J eee ERR E NEUE RE UREN ERE EER EVEUEVEDER EER ERE EV EV EUR USER ER ERE EE PEP ERE ERE EE YE

$ A‘use’ufewe :6o 7g :

$ [Tou :4e790T$ :

$ dxq [T©U $0:0:6T SBT/OT/SB ETE A’uSeUTEeUTe : 1OpeoHs :

ee) ee :

[TOAQUOD BOANES

@poo ScoTASp UC eETeXs -- use’ aepA :

stsds bveeuieaeunhucee ers tecavaeseueue erie ene ieseneaeeree eee naa

J RRR EREREUEREUEEEE EUR EREEESERERESESEEESEESEUERESEEE EER UESE RUPEE EEE EES FF
# ¥
» ‘peaseses squBT4 [Ty ‘our ebyuy e1sopoumon ‘cg6T (5) yubT=sAdoD +
¥ ¥
SFRFFEFFFSVEF FETE FEES SESE SE FEST FE FLEE VE FEES FSFE EEF FEE EF ESE FEF FFE FEE YEE FF

WONZ
0‘ ,eoTAep: AepAm, q°d

OWOWN AWWNASGAW

0 nog IYdDOUdAN

00z$ NOA AZISWOWLSOOUdAW

é

@}ee1D [ITA eM sseooud ey 103 AQT4otad pue ezyts xoeRXs -

@‘daddOLs’NdW JdadLid

o

peddojs 4Tun 4103 AYTq OReRS ------:

yooezts 3funaeqAQ =" THEW

0 T°od

HutAASPT ‘ONIULSAI AIT SNOTLINI
NOISIASY‘NOISIAaY AIT CaOMLINI

NOISUHA ‘NOISUSA AIT CaOMLINI

GJONWHD SAITIAASNWNS AGIT’SOWIT AIT ALAGLINI
eure Au’ SWWN NT SNOTLINI

ADIAIC IN’ AdAL HI ALAGLINI

-eTqelejzep
po veuTuie, [T[Nu st eTqej eu :

‘TTeo YeuA uT And oF eNTeA SYA ST queumBue puoces eu, :

‘Huot /pi0om/azAq Sty} A0j eseq SOTASEP SYR WOAZ YESJJO SYR ST :

quoumbse 4SATJ SUL *,, FT SASZTTeTRTUT/oexe,, STTJ SYA UT Sue :

SOUTINOL ONOLLINI/GYOMLINI/ALAGLINI Su, ‘*sebed Tenuew

S$, OUT INOA qoniqg}Tul/oexe ut petyyToeds sy} Jeuuioj eu -

“SOANVQONAAS SREP OTJeAS SOZTL[ETFIFUT SeTqeq ejep ou -

. ~~ On . * ~

T- T° op
JexzTeU pues SeTqeyZ uot ROuNJ ------:
OI 400 T° op
orutbeg T'op
SUOCTATUTJEep SoTAep Aw ------
TION T° op
ebundxq [°op
eSOTD T° op
uedg =—s« Tp
seutTqno1 weqsAs prepuejs ------:
eT qelouns
unt 03 eUuTANO. : SOUTINOYQ TUT T°90
SAOZFTETITFUT eQeEp OF 4sjuTod eTqelezep Tod
SAOZT[ETRTUT uoT}OUNZ 03 4equTod - eTqejlounj 13d
ezts eoeds ejep : joeztg aegéAW T°3d

T nda > NOISUAA
-aequnu UOCTS4eA Aofeure :
AWWNASGAW : gure NAur
: eurensAsqns
SACU [TTA SOTASpP ou 3euy oureu OU ST S7tUQ .
AZIS Lu TaawI °
LINI LY ULdv : 3FUI 1°od
ONIMLSGI La ULdv : But AASpt Tod
AWN LY uUldw : eure nAur Tod
lid LY aA : IudxW q°od
AdAL LY ALAGN - AOIAIC IN q°od
NOISUSA LY aLAGN : NOISWAA q@°od
SW1e LY SLAGN - LINIOLNW ALu q°od
dINSONY LY Uldv : epoppugq Tod
WWIHDIWN LY Uldv - dy z29seqq3 TUT Tod
CaOMHDIWN LY GaomMn - CaOMHDIVW OLY M‘Od
0’LY AINLONULS:
: dJ 20saqq tut
0 NOS Iwdw

wojsks eu uT sbhequior szeyZO eYyy We HOOT OF AOeA -

WO1AZ ,Spou,, ESQ ~“SUO1 sUR HuTanStjuoo AoJ pesn ST PleT3 Idd LY ew -

-Oo4ez Ve AT EAPET PpTNoUS pue ARyT40Tad e peou JOU TTTA eatdoed jsop :

‘(°° ‘woaz noA Huyuuns Z4AeRS 072 Susy se yons)
noX ynoqe sjuejsucoo oTHeu zeAcosTp OF SAnjonsAAs STUUR
4OJ HOOT , qT Tues, pue ,oexe, WOg ~“Sanjonijs Hequor w

Ssj4
op wVvaTD
: SSOuppywASATy
‘ (Axeaqtt e se noA Butpeot :

jo peaqjsut) wesfboid e se noA unit 03 peti} EUCSUIOS eSeD UT -
JO11@ Ue UIN}JOL P[NOUS STUL “UOTRPEOOT STQeyNoexe ASATJ sul -

-3yuUl
"UNL OF OSUTANOA & OF QUTOd ptNom °
LINI-LY Ueu} 3S ROU SeA Tq LINIOLAV S43 JI “MOTSq SeTqeR ©
aseuy Jo auo 03 squTOd sSequieul eunjon4As LINI La euy Feu -
sues STUL ‘,,LINIOLNW 4LY, 2404 OM FeUR petytoeds Hequo1z eu, :
0 A° Sp
qUSsUUBTT [Te PAOM BO4A0jJ °

AWYNSOG : sureNSop

0’OT’ET’, (S86T 290 Te) O° T ASpAm, q°*op :Butsz3spt
<TInu> ’<JT>’<40>’, (AAAA NOW pp) UCTSTASe1° UCTSASA SueU, ST JeULIOZ -
eoTAep eyQ SuTz40ddns uy djey 03 Hej seTJT USpy ue SF sty -

LT nda : NOISIAZY
‘st ALTTeest ZeuQ

SOoTASp UOTYM JO uoTASeNb e A0ASU ST S418T Kem yeu ‘eTtduocesz fy :
SUT, YOeS AequMU UOTSTASe1 EY SeouUeApe eR ydyuos e esn [ ‘SeoTaAep :
au. UT Ssatq euQ Ast QUSpPT Ajtenbtun prnoys sty, “uoysTAes aeTnotjued y ‘

SaTaW INI
T4Agselzesg qlikx
TeuBTSootity qImXx
q40gy Tem alilx
3TeM qITx

Bswiey qIkXxX
Teubts qItmX
HspyAT dey aqarlx
ySelWSY gITx
Ssyang qlikx
DOAGSRESAD qIkx
WOpOOT IW aqITtx
ySeLpuy gy aqImx
SACURY gi TX
WHYoot J qItx
q4OTW qItx

Axe iq} TesotD alkx

Axzeaqt Tuedo

aq1x

(ee) LNONAdO LINN’ T# #° bans
esn UT TITAS ST FUN eUQ JF Ses -------:

(ze) IAI O1’0P T° SAour

(ze) LINN O1‘0P T° eAow
op‘ T-# T° beaou

uTebe pesn OU ST QOT eA eins erxeU ------:
ee’ (ze) LINN OI 1° eAcu
zge’Te T[‘SAou
(ds) -‘ge/ze T-weaow
( Te:qot ‘ge:eotaep ) :
“TINN usanje.1
pInoys esoTo esTMszeu7;Q «* (3TUI OR UeATH Se) ASTT queuwdes
SU UAN,e1 p[Noys esoTD ueyA eHundxe peAeTop e& ST S48

pue uedo szeHuotT ou St SsoTASep SUA JI “SUT ANCA ESOCTD SUA
WOIJ peuinjzer eq WUuptTu yeu sHutYyQ JuUSerezJJTp OM Ere S19U]

pug uedg s'‘eiq
(ze) YOMNT OI ‘“IIWANTdO WaFOI# 4° SAour

om oes oe OR OR

> 1011q" uedo

sq4
pe/ee/ze/zp’+(ds) [T° weaou

:pug uedo

(9e) s6elz pu’ axaTad GdIT# ATOM
sefundxe peAetep queaeid ------:

(ce) LNONAdO LINN ‘T# A&*bppe
(9e) LNONAdO GIT’ T# #°bppe
Jouedo seyjoue HuTaey se sn HAeU ------:

(ze) LINN O1‘0P 1° eAcu

€e UT sAequTod 4Tun : ¢€e’op T° Saou
Jomiq uedg s‘beq

op’ (pe) T° eaou

YO PSEZTIETITUT AT JT OOS ------:

4TunytTul 4sq
4tTun e dn ounfuoo pue Arq ------:

Noyun uedg «=—s_- S" Bu
op’ (pe) T° eAcu
ye’ (T'op’9e)satun pus POT

op’z# T°TST

dequmu 3fun SeAes : ZP’0P T° eAou
pezttetatuy Apeeite st} RUN ey JT SES -------
efuert Jo Ano sequmu ytun - Joziq uedg $s°90q
op’zp [dip

ZP’SLINNWNN CNH = beaout
ehuet UT ST Aequmu 4TuUN eu JT eeS ------:

:@SO[D

qoTt ouQ sAesS °: zge’Te T° Saou

(ds) -‘ye/ee/ze/zp [“ weaou
( Tp:s6etz ‘op:umujtun ‘Te:qoyt ‘ge: eoTAep )? :uedo
‘PT©TZ LINN OI ©uj dn Jes ptnoys om -
‘TINJsseoons sea AT JI ‘AOsae ue UO pTeTZ YOWNT OI Su $7es uedo :‘

~

‘wey ut Huot 003 ee} jou pTNoYsS om

os ‘(37uLIEg/pTqiog etTA) seuT Ino. eseyR UT eTTYM HuyYyoRTAs Hse JJO
peuin} sey oexg “Sn A0z ge UT 4tequTod eotAep ano yjnd Apeeire sey

oexqg ° (e6undxg/eso[o/uedo) seutjnos HuyTMoT [OJ eyy OF [Ted & OUT
peqerTsues3 sq06 ATTenjuese styy ‘Krerqy Jeaousy/Areiqy Toso[a/Aseiqy quedo ‘
ST[eO Jesn euQ ueyM ‘“SpueuMOD eoRjteqUT weqsAs ey suTbeq euey

Sj4
ge’+(ds) [*eaou
op’se T° SAou

4

"**Szey UOTIeEZTTeFAFUFT anoA 4yjnd :
poou OM Jeu eep OFFSRS SUR PTTNQ Mou ------:

atisod owiaqtTuedo sy LugaiW
SeaTth WeuM j;Sop eyQ uedo 4,uUeo ------°

yosoq”3tuy = Ss" euq
(se) q;ISoq pul’op T['eAou

Aseaqyquedg SXSTIWO

oP wad

Te’ (od) sureysop ee
Axzeraqyt sop eyq uedo ------:

(ge) 3st y6eg pur’pe T° eAour
@poo pepeoT uno 03 swequTod e aAes ------:

(se) qt IsAg"pur’ge T° Saou
Dexe 03 uweqUTOd e eaes ------!

: OUT ANOYATUT

“ASTI SoTAep sy -
OUT PeXxUTT OQ [ITA SOTASp SYA USeyQ O410Z-UOCU SUAN}eA YT JI -
‘Qe UT ST ASTI QUeUbes SUL ‘0d UT ST 4equTod eOoTAEp eU] :

“peqJeooTTe useq Sey SOoTASp SUA Aeqze peTTeo sjeH euyT{noi stu -

uw

fy

(ce) ssa001g “npur’9p T° SAou
sseooud meu SU JOJ Sse.m}QoN4zA4s WTUN ey dn Jes ------:

ATunsesz-ATUNITUI beq
op 1°3S3

(9e) qf Isoq7pul’00.1ge7e281D SXSUNI'T

‘S,S0TASp Sy ST cureu < Tp ‘curenAw#t [°SAoU
Ayyaotad szyz yno xoTd ¢ ZP’TedDOudAWH =beaow
Jejufod Tdoq 03 ebueyo - €ep‘7# T'AST
AST[ Queubes ‘ ep ast [bes coudAm#t [°eAcu

eZzTs ORAS - bP ‘AZISNOWLSOONdAWH T° SAoUw

‘(pepeeq e[buts suioceq 03 STYR UO puedep em ------:

-- sn 203 ()pTqiog e euop sey eotaequedo s,cexe) ------!
3Tun ey uedo 02 pet4j este suUOCSUIOS JT ------:

Agseu Asea &q prTnom AT :euey deetTs 03 of Jouued oy -------
‘dn 37 30S 03 ebueyo e sey sseooud meu ------:

SUA ITIUN FAIONOT Wd 03 y0d oHessou sty JOS Om ------:

-- o10N AOT4AQ & Op aM ‘Sseooud ATun eyQ dn Queqs ------:

: (ce) umNatuN npu’zp q*eAcu
€e’op T° eaocu

Jequmu TUN SZTTeTIFUT

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AbortIO(), 276
AddAnimOb(), 169
AddBob(), 147
AddTime(), 251
AddVSprite(), 125
After pointer

changing Bob priority, 149

in animation precedence, 172

in Bob priority, 141-142

in linking AnimComps, 175
AllocMem(), 143
AllocRaster()

allocating memory, 29

in saving background, 143
Alt key, 305, 323
Amiga keys, 292
AndRectRegion(), 96
Animate(), 163, 174, 177
animation

acceleration, 168

AnimCRoutine, 173

AnimORoutine, 173

motion control, 168-169

sequenced drawing, 166, 169

types, 104, 105

velocity, 168
AnimComp

BobComp, 145

BOBISCOMP flag, 145

definition, 164

Flags variable, 173

position, 165

TimeSet variable, 173
AnimCRoutine

in creating animation, 176

with Animate(), 177
AnimOb

definition, 164

position, 165
AnimORoutine

in creating animation, 176

with Animate(), 177
AnX variable

in ring processing, 175

in velocity and acceleration, 168

Index

moving registration point, 168
specifying registration point, 165
Any variable
in ring processing, 175
in velocity and acceleration, 168
moving registration point, 168
specifying registration point, 165
AOPen variable
in filling, 37
in RastPort, 36
A-Pen, see FgPen
area buffer, 41
area pattern, 38
AreaDraw()
adding a vertex, 45
in area fill, 41
AreaEnd()
drawing and filling shapes, 45
in area fill, 41
ArealInfo pointer, 41
AreaMove()
beginning a polygon, 45
in area fill, 41
AskKeyMap(), 298
AskSoftStyle(), 199
audio channels
allocation, 225, 228
allocation key, 226, 230
changing the precedence, 231
freeing, 230-231
audio device
AbortIO(), 228
allocation/arbitration commands, 228
BeginIO(), 228
CloseDevice(), 228
double-buffering, 233
hardware control commands, 232
IORequest block, 224
OpenDevice(), 227
playing the sound, 232
precedence of users, 225
scope of commands, 224
starting the sound, 235
stopping the sound, 233-234
use of BeginIO() function, 226

Index - 1

AvailFonts(), 201
background pen, 36
background playfield, 31
BDRAWN flag, 146
beam synchronization, 58
Before pointer
changing Bob priority, 149
in animation precedence, 172
in Bob priority, 141-142
in linking AnimComps, 175
BeginUpdate(), 95
BehindLayer(), 83
BgPen, 197
BitMap
address, 23
in double-buffering, 33
in superbitmap layers, 86
software clipping, 46
with write mask, 42
BitMap structure
in dual-playfield display, 32
preparing, 23
bit-planes
extracting a rectangle from, 54
in dual-playfield display, 30
blitter
in Bob animation, 109
in copying data, 57
in disk driver, 262
VBEAM counter, 60
BltBitMap(), 55
BltClear(), 50
bltnode structure
creating, 59
linking blitter requests, 57
BltPattern(), 52
Blt Template(), 53
BNDRYOFF macro, 46
BobComp pointer, 145
BOBISCOMP flag, 145
BOBNIX flag, 146
BOBSAWAY flag, 146
Bobs
adding new features, 161
as a paintbrush, 145
as part of AnimComp, 145
Before, After pointers, 172
bit-planes, 138, 140
changing, 148
clipping, 145
colors, 136, 138, 140, 152
defining, 135
definition, 109
displaying, 148

Index - 2

double-buffering, 146, 149

drawing order, 141

list, 142

priorities, 141

removing, 146

saving the background, 143

shadow mask, 139, 144

shape, 137

size, 136

sorting the list, 148

structure, 135

transparency, 144

troubleshooting, 153
BORDERHIT flag, 159
BorderLine pointer, 157
BOTTOMHIT flag, 154
bottommost variable

in Bobs clipping region, 145

in Bob/VSprite collision, 161
B-Pen, see BgPen
BufPath variable, 150
BufY, BufX variables, 150
BufBuffer variable, 150
BWAITING flag, 145
bytecnt variable, 53
bytecount pointer, 50
Caps Lock key, 291, 304
ChangeSprite(), 112
CheckIO(), 276, 386, 404
cleanup variable, 60
ClearRegion(), 96
ClipBlit(), 55
clipping

in area fill, 46

in line drawing, 44

text, 193
clipping rectangles

in Bob/VSprite collision, 161

in layer operations, 84

in layers, 78, 94

modifying regions, 96
clipping region

in Bobs, 145

in boundary collisions, 159

in VSprites with GELGONE, 125
ClipRect structure, 94
CloseDevice(), 307
Close(), 416
CMD_CLEAR command, 268
CMD_UPDATE command, 268
CMD_WRITE command, 268
CmpTime(), 251
collisions

between GEL objects, 153

boundary, 159

boundary hits, 154

collision mask, 156

detection in hardware, 153

fast detection, 157

GEL-to-GEL, 154

in animation, 153

multiple, 155

sensitive areas, 157

user routines, 159
CollMask variable

in Bobs, 139

with collision mask, 156
color

affect of display mode on, 6

Bobs, 136, 152

ColorMap structure, 24

flickering, 134

in dual playfield mode, 15

in flood fill, 47

in hold-and-modify mode, 34

interaction between VSprites and Bobs, 152

mode in flood fill, 47

of individual pixel, 43

playfield and VSprites, 134

relationship to bit-planes, 8

relationship to depth of BitMap, 13

simple sprites, 111

single-color raster, 50

sprites, 16

transparency, 123

VSprite, 121, 133
ColorMap structure, 24
CommandTable, 436
compF lags variable, 168
COMPLEMENT, 197
complement mode, 38
ConMayGetChar(), 286
ConPutChar(), 281
console

alternate key maps, 303

capsable keys, 304

character output, 276

closing, 307

control sequence introducer, 290

control sequences, 281

high key map, 299, 306

input event qualifiers, 291

input stream, 287

keyboard input, 277

keymapping, 292, 297

keymapping qualifiers, 300-301

keytypes, 302

low key map, 299, 305

mouse button events, 297
raw events, 289
raw input types, 289
reads, 286
repeatable keys, 305
string output keys, 303
window bounds, 289
ConWrite(), 281
cookie cut, 57
Copper
changing colors, 24
display instructions, 25
in drawing VSprites, 122
in interlaced displays, 33
long-frame list, 33
MakeVPort(), 29
MrgCop(), 25, 33
short-frame list, 33
user Copper lists, 61
copying
data, 57
rectangles, 55
count variable, 44
cp_x variable
in drawing, 42
in text, 192
cp_y variable
in drawing, 42
in text, 192
crashing
with drawing routines, 44
with fill routines, 46
CreateBehindLayer(), 81-82
CreateExtIO(), 264, 384, 402, 417
CreatePort(), 265, 384, 402, 417
CreateStdIO(), 264, 279
CreateUpFrontLayer(), 81-82
Ctrl key, 305
DamageList structure
in layers, 94
in regions, 95
DBuffer pointer, 149
DBufPacket structure, 150
deallocation
Copper list, 30
memory, 30, 41
DeleteExtIO(), 384, 402
DeleteLayer(), 82
DeletePort(), 384, 402
DeleteStdIO(), 307
depth, 13
Depth variable, 136, 138
destRastPort variable, 55
destX variable, 55

Index - 3

dest Y variable, 55
DHeight variable
in ViewPort, 20
in ViewPort display memory, 19
diskfont library, 200
diskfont.h, 201-202
DisownBlitter(), 57
display fields, 5
display modes, lo
display width
affect of overscan on, 4
effect of resolution on, 17
DisposeRegion(), 96
DMA
displaying the View, 25
playfield, 13
DoCollision()
purpose, 153
with collision masks, 160
DolIO(), 276
DoSpecial(), 435-437
dotted lines, 38
double-buffering
allocations for, 32
Copper in, 33
Copper lists, 128
with Bobs, 149
DrawerData structure, 482
Draw()
in line drawing, 43
multiple line drawing, 44
DrawGList()
and BDRAWN flag, 146
and BOBNIX flag, 146
and BOBSAWAY flag, 146
and BWAITING flag, 145
animation, 163
changing Bobs, 149
displaying Bobs, 148
linking AnimComps, 175
moving registration point, 168
preparing the GELS list, 127
removing Bobs, 147
with DoCollision(), 177
drawing
changing part of drawing area, 52
clearing memory, 50
colors, 37
complement mode, 38
lines, 43
memory for, 35
modes, 37-38
moving source to destination, 53
pens, 36-37

Index - 4

pixels, 43

shapes, 47

turning off outline, 46
drawing pens

color, 37

current position, 42
Draw Mode variable

in area drawing and filling, 45

in flood fill, 48

in stencil drawing, 52

with BltTemplate, 55

in text, 197
dual playfields

bit-planes, 31

color map, 24

colors, 15

priority, 31
DUALPF flag

in dual playfield display, 31

in ViewPort, 15
DumpRPort(), 415, 423
DWidth variable

in ViewPort, 12-13, 20

in ViewPort display memory, 19
Dx Offset variable

effect on display window, 20

in ViewPort display memory, 19
Dy Offset variable

effect on display window, 20

in ViewPort display memory, 19
EndUpdate(), 95
EQUAL status code, 59
ETD_CLEAR command, 268
ETD_MOTOR command, 268
ETD_READ command, 267
ETD_UPDATE command, 268
ETD_WRITE command, 268
EXTRA_HALFBRITE flag, 15-16
fast floating-point hbrary, 453
FattenLayerInfo(), 80
FgPen variable

in area drawing and filling, 45

in complement mode, 38

in flood fill, 47-48

in JAM1 mode, 37

in line drawing, 44

in RastPort, 36

in rectangle fill, 48

in text, 197

with BltTemplate, 55
FindToolType(), 487
Flags variable

in AnimComps, 173

in layers, 85

in VSprites, 124

with BNDRYOFF macro, 46
flicker, 58, 60
Flood(), 47
floppy disk, 262
FontContents structure, 201
FontContentsHeader structure, 201
fonts, 192
Forbid(), 487
foreground pen, 36
FOREVER loop, 29
FreeColorMap(), 29
FreeCprList(), 29
FreeDiskObject(), 481
FreeRaster(), 29
FreeSprite(), 120
FreeVPortCopLists(), 29
Gadget structure, 483
gameport connectors, 322
gameport device

connectors, 345

system functions, 346

triggering events, 348

units, 322, 345
gameport.h, 348
GameTrigger structure, 348
GELGONE flag

in Bobs, 145

with VSprites, 125
GELS

initializing, 106

list, 106

types, 107
GelsInfo pointer, 42
GelsInfo structure, 131
GetColorMap(), 29
GetDisk Object(), 481
GetMsg(), 386, 404
GetSprite(), 111
GfxBase variable, 22
GPD_GETCTYPE command, 347
GPD_SETCTYPE command, 346
GPD_SETTRIGGER command, 348
graphics library, 22
HAM flag, 15, 34
hardware sprites

allocation, 111

in animation, 25

reserving, 131
Height variable

in Bobs, 136, 138

in ViewPort, 12

in VSprites, 121
HIRES flag, 15

HitMask variable, 159
hold-and-modify mode, 34
icon library, 480
IDCMP, 327
ImageData pointer
changing Bobs, 148
changing VSprites, 129
in Bobs, 137
in VSprites, 122-123
Image structure, 484
ImageShadow variable
in Bobs, 139
with OVERLAY flag, 144
IND_ADDHANDLER command, 324
IND_REMHANDLER command, 326
IND_SETPERIOD command, 327
IND_SETTHRESH command, 327
IND_WRITEEVENT command, 326
info file, 481
InitArea(), 41
InitGels(), 106
InitLayers(), 80
InitMasks()
changing Bob image shadow, 148
defining collision mask, 156
with Borderline, 158
InitRastPort(), 196
input device
adding a handler, 324
and console device, 323
commands, 323
designing an input handler, 324
generating input events, 326
TOStdReq block, 324
key repeat events, 327
memory deallocation, 325
opening, 322
removing a handler, 326
setting key repeat interval, 327
setting key repeat timing, 327
input event chain, 325
input event structure, 323
input events
generators of, 326
Intuition handling of, 324
mouse button, 328
inputevent.h, 323
input_request_block, 326
Intuition
as input device handler, 324
mouse input, 322
with sprites, 110
INVERSEVID mode

in drawing, 38

Index - 5

in text, 198
IODRPRegq structure, 416
IOExtPar structure, 403
IOExtSer structure, 385, 396
IOExtTD structure, 265
IOPrtCmdReg structure, 416
IOStdReq structure, 279
io_TermArray, 388, 405
JAM1 mode

in drawing, 37

in text, 197

with INVERSEVID, 38
JAM2 mode

in drawing, 37

in text, 197
joystick controller, 347
KBD_ADDRESETHANDLER command, 339
KBD_READEVENT command, 341
KBD_READMATRIX command, 340
KBD_REMRESETHANDLER command, 340
KBD_RESETHANDLERDONE command, 340
keyboard device

keyboard events, 337

system functions, 338
keyboard layout, 292
KeyMap structure, 298
keymap.h, 301
keymap.1, 301
LACE flag

in View and ViewPort, 18

in ViewPort, 15
layer refresh

simple refresh, 85

smart refresh, 86

superbitmap, 86
LAYERBACKDROP flag, 86
Layer_Info structure, 80, 88
layers

accessing, 81

backdrop, 86

blocking output, 81

clipping rectangle list, 94

creating, 81-82, 88

creating the workspace, 88

deleting, 82

moving, 82

order, 83

redrawing, 95

scrolling, 83

simple refresh, 94

sizing, 82

sub-layer operations, 84

updating, 95
layers library

Index - 6

contents, 77

opening, 87
LAYERSIMPLE flag, 85
LAYERSMART flag, 85
LAYERSUPER flag, 85
LEFTHIT flag, 154
leftmost variable

in Bobs clipping region, 145

in Bob/VSprite collision, 161
line drawing, 43
line pattern, 38
LinePtrn variable, 45
lines

multiple, 44

patterned, 44
LoadRGBA(), 24
LoadView()

effect of freeing memory, 30

in display ViewPorts, 25
Locklayer(), 81
LockLayerInfo(), 81
LockLayers(), 81
LOFCprList variable, 33
logic equations, 56
long-frame Copper list, 33
MakeView()

with simple sprites, 110
MakeVPort()

allocating memory, 29

in double-buffering, 33

in dual playfield display, 31
Mask variable, 42, 55
MatchToolValue(), 488
math library, 453
mathffp library, 455
mathieeedoubbas_lib.lib, 474
mathieeedoubbas. library, 472
mathlink.ltb, 457, 464
mathtrans.library, 461
maxx variable, 52
maxy variable, 53
MeMask variable, 159
memblock pointer, 50
memory

allocation for BitMap, 23

clearing, 50

deallocation of, 41

for area fill, 41

freeing, 29
MICROHZ timer unit, 248
minterm variable, 56
Modes variable

in View structure, 20

in ViewPort, 14-15

modulo, 54
mouse button, 323
mouse button events, 297, 322
mouse controller, 347
mouse movement events, 322
mouth structure, 365
Move(), 43, 192
MoveLayer(), 82
MoveSprite(), 113
MrgCop()
in graphics display, 25
installing VSprites, 128
merging Copper lists, 30
myInfo structure, 162
narrator device
Arpabet, 373
consonants, 374
content words, 376
contractions, 374
controlling speech characteristics, 364
function words, 376
improving intelligibility, 378
mouth shape, 365
opening, 363
opening the device, 366
output buffer, 362
phonemes, 373
phonetic spelling, 373
punctuating phonetic strings, 372
punctuation, 377
reading and writing, 366
recommended stress values, 376
special symbols, 375
speech synthesis system, 379
stress and intonation, 375
stress marks, 375
translator library, 362
vowels, 373
narrator.h, 365
narrator.t, 365
narrator_rb structure, 364
NewLayerInfo(), 80
NewRegion(), 95
New Window structure, 482
NextComp pointer
in linking AnimComps, 175
in sequenced drawing, 171
Next variable, 22
NextSeq pointer
in linking AnimComps, 175
in sequenced drawing, 170
NOTEQUAL status code, 59
ON_DISPLAY macro, 127
ON_SPRITE macro, 127

O-Pen, see AOIPen
OpenConsole(), 278
OpenDiskFont(), 195, 205
OpenFont(), 195, 205
Open(), 416
OpenScreen(), 110
OrRectRegion(), 96
outline mode, 47
outline pen, 36
OVERLAY flag, 144
OwnBlitter(), 57
PAR:, 414
parallel device
closing, 408
EOF mode, 405-406
errors, 407
flags, 406
IOExtPar block, 403
io_TermArray, 405-406
loading from disk, 402
opening, 402
opening timer device, 403
PDCMD_SETPARAMS, 403
reading, 403, 404
setting parameters, 403, 406-407
shared access, 406
terminating the read, 405
termination characters, 406
writing, 405
PDCMD_SETPARAMS, 403
PED structure, 428
PFBA flag
in dual playfield mode, 17
in ViewPort, 15
pixel width, 17
PlaneOnOff variable
changing Bob color, 149
in Bobs, 140
PlanePick variable
changing Bob color, 149
in Bobs, 138, 140-141
PLANEPTR, 23
PolyDraw(), 44
polygons, 45
power_of_two variable, 38
PRD_DUMPRPORT, 423
PRD_PRTCOMMAND, 422
Preferences, 415, 428
PrevComp pointer
in linking AnimComps, 179
in sequenced drawing, 171
PrevSeq pointer
in linking AnimComps, 175
in sequenced drawing, 170

Index - 7

PrintCommand(), 422
printer device
alphanumeric drivers, 435
buffer deallocation, 434
buffer space, 432
closing DOS printer device, 416
command buffer, 432
command functions, 419
CommandTable, 435
creating an I/O request, 417
creating drivers, 428
data structures, 416
density, 434
direct use, 415
DOS parallel device, 414
DOS printer device, 414
DOS serial device, 414
double buffering, 433
dumping a RastPort, 423
dumping buffer, 433
Exec printer I/O, 416
graphics printer drivers, 431
opening, 418
opening DOS printer device, 415
output forms, 414
output methods, 413
PAR:, 414
Preferences, 415, 428, 430, 437
printer types, 431
processes and tasks, 416
PRT:, 414, 419
reset command, 433
SER:, 414
timeout, 430
transmitting commands, 422
writing, 418
PrinterData structure, 430
PrinterExtendedData structure, 428
printerlO structure, 416
PRT:, 414
PutDiskObject(), 481
PWait(), 433
QBlit()
linking bltnodes, 58
waiting for the blitter, 57
QBSBIlit()
avoiding flicker, 58
linking bltnodes, 58
waiting for the blitter, 57
QueueRead(), 286
RasInfo structure, 20
RASSIZE macro, 21
raster
depth, 13

Index - 8

dimensions, 19
in dual-playfield mode, 15
memory allocation, 21
one color, 50
RasInfo structure, 20
scrolling, 51
RastPort
in area fill, 41
in layers, 84
pointer to, 42
RastPort structure, 192
rastport variable, 52
rastport.h, 36
rastport.1, 36
Raw Write(), 415
ReadPixel(), 43
rectangle fill, 48
rectangle scrolling, 51
RectFill(), 48
regions
changing, 96
clearing, 96
creating, 95
removing, 96
registration point, 168
RemBob(), 147
RemIBob(), 147
Remove(), 386, 404
RemVSprite(), 125-126
Render{(), 431
ReplyPort, 279
Reply Port pointer, 249
RHeight, 19
RIGHTHIT flag, 154
rightmost variable
in Bobs clipping region, 145
in Bob/VSprite collision, 161
RINGTRIGGER flag
in AnimComps, 173
in linking AnimComps, 175
moving registration point, 168
RingX Trans variable
in ring processing, 175
moving registration point, 168
Ring Y Trans variable
in ring processing, 175
moving registration point, 168
RWidth, 19
RxOffset variable
effect on display, 20
in RasInfo structure, 20
in ViewPort display memory, 19
Ry Offset variable
effect on display, 20

in RasInfo structure, 20
in ViewPort display memory, 19
SAVEBACK flag
in Bobs, 144
saving the background, 143
SAVEBOB flag
changing Bobs, 149
in Bobs, 145
SaveBuffer variable
in saving background, 143
with SAVEBACK, 144
SAVEPRESERVE flag, 146
scrolling, 51
ScrollLayer(), 83, 86
ScrollRaster(), 51
SDCMD_SETPARAMS, 385
SendIO(), 276
SER:, 414
serial device
alternative reading modes, 386-387
baud rate, 390
bits per read, 391
bits per write, 391
break commands, 393
break conditions, 391
buffer size, 390
buffers, 385
closing, 394
end-of-file, 391
EOF mode, 388, 391
errors, 394
exclusive access, 384
flags, 384
high-speed mode, 391
I/O request structures, 385
IOExtSer block, 396
io_TermArray, 388
modes, 383
opening timer device, 385
parameter changes, 385
parity, 393
quick I/O, 387
reading, 385
SDCMD_SETPARAMS, 385
serial flags, 391
seven-wire access, 393
seven-wire flag, 384
shared access, 384, 391
stop bits, 391
terminating the read, 388
writing, 388
xON, xOFF, 390-391
SetAPen(), 197
SetBPen(), 197

SetCollision(), 155
SetDrPt(), 44
SetFont(), 195
SetKeyMap(), 298
SetRast(), 50
SetSoftStyle(), 199
SHFCprlist variable, 33
short-frame Copper list, 33
simple refresh, 94
simple sprites

definition, 108

GfxBase, 131

in Intuition, 110

position, 113

routines, 110
SimpleSprite structure, 112
single-buffering, 21
SizeLayer(), 82, 86
software clipping

in filling, 46

in line drawing, 44
SortGList()

changing Bobs, 149

ordering GEL list, 126

sorting Bobs, 148

with DoCollision(), 177
sound synthesis, 222
source variable, 55
speech, see narrator device
SprColors pointer

changing VSprites, 129

in VSprite troubleshooting, 132

in VSprites, 122-123

when a 0, 133
sprF lag variable, 143
sprite DMA, 132
SPRITE flag, 110
sprites

color, 16, 111

display, 13

hardware, 108

pairs, 111

reserving, 131

reusability, 108

simple, 108

virtual, 108
sprRsrvd variable

effect on Bob color, 153

in reserving sprites, 131
srcMod variable, 55
srcX variable, 55
stencil drawing, 52
SubTime(), 251
SwapBitsClipRectRastPort(), 84

Index - 9

system time, 201
TD_CHANGENUM command, 269
TD_CHANGESTATE command, 270
TD_FORMAT command, 269
TD_MOTOR command, 268
TD_PROTSTATUS command, 270
TD_REMOVE command, 269
TD_SEEK command, 270
text

adding fonts, 200

baseline, 193

changing font style, 199

character data, 206

color, 197

default fonts, 195

defining fonts, 203

disk fonts, 202

font accessors, 205

inter-character spacing, 200

printing, 194

selecting a font, 195
TextAttr structure, 195
TextFont structure, 203
Text(), 194, 199
text.h, 195
ThinLayerInfo(), 80
time events, 322
timer device

arithmetic routines, 253

OpenDevice(), 249

units, 248

with parallel device, 403

with serial device, 385
TimerBase variable, 253
timeRequest structure, 248
Timer variable, 174
TimeSet variable

with Animate(), 174
timeval structure, 248
ToolTypes array, 487
TOPHIT flag, 154
topmost variable

in Bobs clipping region, 145

in Bob/VSprite collision, 161
trackdisk device

diagnostic commands, 270

error codes, 270

OpenDevice(), 266

status commands, 269
Translate(), 362
translator library

exception table, 363
TR_GETSYSTIME, 251
TR_GETSYSTIME command, 251

Index - 10

TR_SETSYSTIME command, 251
Unlocklayer(), 81
UnlockLayers(), 81
UpfrontLayer(), 83
user copper lists, 61
UserExt variable, 161
UserStuff variables, 162
VBEAM counter, 60
VBLANK < timer unit, 248
video priority

Bobs, 105

in dual-playfield mode, 15
View structure

Copper lists in, 33

function, 10

preparing, 22
ViewPort

colors, 13, 24

display instructions, 25

display memory, 19

displaying, 11

function, 10

height, 12

in screens, 11

interlaced, 18

low-resolution, 22

modes, 14-15

multiple, 22

parameters, 12

width, 13

width of and sprite display, 13

windows, 11
ViewPort structure, 22
VP_HIDE flag, 16
VSOVERFLOW flag

reserving sprites, 131

with VSprites, 125
VSPRITE flag

in Bobs, 144

in VSprites, 125
VSprites

adding new features, 161

building the Copper list, 127

changing, 129

color, 121

colors, 133

definition, 108

dummy, 106

hardware sprite assignment, 126, 132

in Intuition, 124

merging instructions, 128

playfield colors, 134

position, 124

shape, 122

size, 121
sorting the GEL list, 126
troubleshooting, 132
turning on the display, 127
Wait TOF(), 129
WhichLayer(), 83
Width variable, 136
Window structure, 275
Workbench
info file, 481
sample startup program, 489
start-up code, 486
start-up message, 485-486
ToolTypes, 487
Workbench object, 480
WritePixel(), 43
XAccel variable, 168
xl variable, 52
xmax variable, 48
xmin variable, 48
XorRectRegion(), 96
X Trans, 166
XVel variable, 168
YAccel variable, 168
yl variable, 53
ymax variable, 48
ymin variable, 48
Y Trans, 166
YVel variable, 168

Index - ll

> $34.95 FPT USA

Amiga™ Technical Reference Series

Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual:

Libraries and Devices

The Amiga Computer is an exciting new high-performance microcomputer with
superb graphics, sound, and multitasking capabilities. Its technologically advanced
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Amiga’s unique system software is contained in 192K of read-only memory (ROM),
providing programmers with unparalleled power, flexibility, and convenience in
designing and creating programs.

The AMIGA ROM KERNEL REFERENCE MANUAL: Libraries and Devices, written
by the technical staff at Commodore-Amiga, Inc., is a detailed introduction to and
description of the hundreds of graphics, animation, text, math, and audio routines
that make up the Amiga’s ROM. This book includes:

e an introduction to how libraries and devices are designed and used

e hundreds of examples to illustrate the uses of the ROM routines

e an in-depth tutorial on graphics and animation

e acomplete listing of the libraries and devices in Amiga’s ROM

For the serious programmer working in assembly language, C, or Pascal who wants
to take full advantage of the Amiga’s impressive capabilities, the AMIGA ROM KER-
NEL REFERENCE MANUAL: Libraries and Devices is an essential reference.

Written by the technical staff at Commodore-Amiga, Inc., who designed the Amiga’s
hardware and system software, the AMIGA ROM KERNEL REFERENCE MAN-
VAL: Libraries and Devices is the definitive source of information on the libraries and
devices built into this revolutionary microcomputer.

The other books in the Amiga Technical Reference Series are:

Amiga Hardware Reference Manual
Amiga Intuition Reference Manual
Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Exec

Cover design by Marshall Henrichs
Cover photograph by Jack Haeger

Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-e01-11078-4

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